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Loukas A, Li X, Wilkinson AV, Marti CN. Longitudinal Examination of ENDS Use Among Young Adult College Students: Associations with Depressive Symptoms and Sensation Seeking. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1068-1077. [PMID: 37428392 PMCID: PMC11210527 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined (1) intraindividual changes in the frequency of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use across young adulthood, 18 to 30 years old, and (2) if depressive symptoms and sensation-seeking tendencies, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Data were from a longitudinal study of students recruited from 24 Texas colleges and followed across six waves from fall 2015 to spring 2019. Participants (n = 1298; 36.3% non-Hispanic white, 56.3% women) were 18 to 26 years old in fall 2015 and all reported past 30-day ENDS use on at least one wave. We used growth curve modeling for an accelerated longitudinal design to examine if ENDS use frequency changed with increasing age and if depressive symptoms and sensation seeking, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Results showed that ENDS use frequency increased with increasing age. Depressive symptoms and sensation seeking were not independently associated with more frequent ENDS use or an accelerated increase in ENDS use frequency across increasing age. However, a significant two-way interaction indicated that young adults with elevated depressive symptoms used ENDS more frequently, but only when they had higher levels of sensation seeking. Findings indicate that young adults with depressive symptoms are a heterogeneous population and that those with high levels of sensation-seeking tendencies are at elevated risk for more frequent ENDS use. Interventions for young adults high in both sensation-seeking and depressive symptoms may help prevent and decrease ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Case KR, Clendennen SL, Sumbe A, Chen B, Harrell MB. Emotional symptoms and sensation seeking: Implications for tobacco interventions for youth and young adults. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 34046534 PMCID: PMC8138947 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/133571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although emotional symptoms and sensation seeking are recognized as important risk factors for tobacco use among youth and young adults, to date, their joint influence on tobacco use has not been examined. METHODS Data used in this study are from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study, a population-based cohort. At baseline, in 2014, participants were in the 10th grade. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking in 2014 and odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use in 2018. Interactions between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking were examined to assess whether one modifies the effect of the other on cigarette and e-cigarette use. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, school type, and ever use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes at baseline, adolescents with high emotional symptoms (AORcig=1.97; 95% CI:1.07–3.60, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.06–2.66) and with high sensation seeking tendencies (AORcig=2.05; 95% CI: 1.03–4.10, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.02–2.76) had significantly higher odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use four years later compared to adolescents with low emotional symptoms and low sensation seeking tendencies. The interaction was significant (p=0.01) for e-cigarette use only; among low sensation seekers, adolescents who reported high levels of emotional symptoms were at increased risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.43; 95% CI: 1.38–8.51), and among adolescents with low emotional symptoms, high sensation seekers were at increased for risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54–7.91). CONCLUSIONS It is important for tobacco use prevention programs to consider both behavioral risk factors – sensation seeking and emotional symptoms – in an integrative way, to target high risk subgroups and thereby increase the efficacy of existing effective intervention strategies in order to curb tobacco use among youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara S Bataineh
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
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Self-reported history of intensity of smoking is associated with risk factors for suicide among high school students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251099. [PMID: 33983989 PMCID: PMC8118454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between current cigarette smoking patterns and three established risk factors for suicide using nationally representative data of high school students in the United States. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS)-United States, 2017. Multivariable, logistic regressions examined the association between 3 cigarette smoking behaviors [i.e., past 30-day cigarette (n = 13,731), frequent (n = 1,093) and heavy (n = 880) smoking] and 3 risk factors for suicidal outcomes [feeling sad or hopeless, suicidal ideation, suicide plan] assessed over the previous year. RESULTS Among high school cigarette smokers, smoking 11 or more cigarettes per day (i.e., heavy smoking) was associated with 3.43 (95% CI: 1.69, 6.94) greater odds of reporting feeling sad or hopeless, 2.97 (95% CI: 1.60, 5.51) greater odds of reporting suicidal ideations, and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.32) greater odds of reporting having ever planned a suicide attempt, controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that it is not simply cigarette smoking, but heavy cigarette smoking that is a risk factor for suicidal outcomes among adolescents. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS A comprehensive plan is needed to accommodate heavy adolescent smokers who are at increased suicidal risk.
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Wilkinson AV, Miller EE, Koehly LM, Daniel CR, Forman MR. Correlates of Physical Activity Differ by Sex and Country of Birth Among Mexican-Heritage Youth. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:246-253. [PMID: 27341817 PMCID: PMC5183518 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Barriers to physical activity (PA) may be experienced differently by sex and country of birth. We examine psychosocial correlates of PA in four groups based on sex (boy/girl) and country of birth [Mexico/United States (U.S.)]. 1154 Mexican heritage adolescents residing in Houston, Texas provided psychosocial data in 2008-09 and PA (number of days per week active for at least 60 min) in 2010-11 (N = 1001). Poisson regression models were fitted for each groups. Among boys, English language preference (p US-born = 0.045, p Mexico-born = 0.008) and higher subjective social status (p US-born = 0.002, p Mexico-born = 0.031) were associated with increased PA. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with decreased PA in Mexico-born girls (p = 0.007). Sensation-seeking tendencies were associated with increased PA among all groups; anxiety was associated with decreased PA among all but U.S.-born boys. Tailoring PA interventions to key sex-specific psychosocial correlates rather than country of birth may enhance efficacy of interventions to increase PA levels among Mexican heritage adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wilkinson
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Erline E Miller
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Koehly
- National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michele R Forman
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Health Risk Behaviors by Length of Time in the United States Among High School Students in Five Sites. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 18:150-60. [PMID: 25538004 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One in five public school students is from an immigrant-headed household. We used Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from one state and four large urban school districts to examine whether length of time living in the US was associated with health risk behaviors. Logistic regression models, using weighted data, controlled for sex, race/ethnicity, and grade. Compared to US natives, not having always lived in the US was correlated with lower risk for some behaviors (e.g., current marijuana use and alcohol use) among high school students, but higher risk for other behaviors (e.g., attempted suicide, physical inactivity). Many findings were inconsistent across the study sites. Interventions that specifically target recently-arrived school-aged youth to prevent behaviors that put health and safety at risk, may result in the best outcomes for immigrant youth. Care should be taken to understand the specific health risks present in different immigrant communities.
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Nuyen BA, Fox RS, Malcarne VL, Wachsman SI, Sadler GR. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness as an Indicator of Depression in Hispanic Americans. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2016; 14:116-123. [PMID: 27465932 PMCID: PMC5154620 DOI: 10.1177/1540415316660616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been shown to be associated with depression; however, this relationship has not been confirmed among Hispanic Americans. METHOD This study examined the link between EDS and depression among Hispanic Americans (N = 411) and explored the potential moderating roles of age, gender, income, education, health status, and acculturation. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured EDS and depression, respectively. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated that EDS was significantly related to depression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale discriminated with adequate sensitivity and specificity between participants with moderately severe depression and those with less severe symptoms. No sociodemographic variables moderated the EDS-depression relationship. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that depression should be considered when Hispanic Americans present with EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Nuyen
- University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) School of Medicine
| | - Rina S. Fox
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center
| | - Vanessa L. Malcarne
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center
- San Diego State University
| | | | - Georgia Robins Sadler
- University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego) School of Medicine
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center
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All physical activity may not be associated with a lower likelihood of adolescent smoking uptake. Addict Behav 2015; 51:177-83. [PMID: 26280377 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has documented that physical activity is associated with a lower risk of adolescent smoking uptake, yet it is unclear whether this relationship exists for all types of physical activity. We sought to determine whether certain types of physical activity are associated with a decreased or an increased risk of adolescent smoking uptake. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, adolescents (n=1356) were surveyed every six months for four years (age 14-18years old). Smoking and physical activity were measured at each of the eight time-points. Physical activity that was negatively associated with smoking across the eight waves was considered positive physical activities (i.e., PPA; linked to not smoking such as racquet sports, running, and swimming laps). Physical activity that was positively associated with smoking across the eight waves were considered negative physical activities (i.e., NPA; linked to smoking such as skating, walking, bicycling, sport fighting, and competitive wrestling). RESULTS Associative Processes Latent Growth Curve Modeling revealed that each 30-minute increase in NPA per week at baseline was associated with a 4-fold increased odds of smoking progression (OR=4.10, 95% CI=2.14, 7.83). By contrast, each 30-minute increase in PPA at baseline was associated with a 51% decrease in the odds of smoking progression (OR=.49, 95% CI=.25, .93). CONCLUSIONS The type of physical activity that an adolescent engages appears to be important for the uptake of cigarette smoking among adolescents. These associative relationships warrant consideration in interventions to increase overall physical activity and those promoting physical activity to prevent smoking uptake.
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Wilkinson AV, Vandewater EA, Carey FR, Spitz MR. Exposure to pro-tobacco messages and smoking status among Mexican origin youth. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 16:385-93. [PMID: 23584711 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Though several studies have found a positive relationship between exposure to tobacco advertising and/or promotional marketing and smoking status among youth, few have examined these relationships specifically for youth of Mexican origin. The current analysis examines the relationship between perceived exposure to pro-tobacco messages and progression through the smoking continuum from trying to repeated use in a cohort of Mexican origin youth ages 14-19. Data were collected via personal in-home interviews at two time points-in 2008-2009 and 2010-2011 (N = 942). Smoking status, exposure to pro-tobacco messages from five major media sources, demographic variables and established risk factors for adolescent smoking were measured at both waves. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi square tests, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression. Adolescent perception of the number of pro-tobacco messages seen in 2008-2009 was unrelated to smoking less than one cigarette assessed in 2010-2011. However, having seen a higher number of pro-tobacco messages was significantly associated with being more likely to have smoked more than one cigarette (OR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.03-1.42) controlling for demographic factors and known psychosocial risk factors of smoking behavior. Results suggest that the more pro-tobacco messages Mexican origin youth are able to recall, the further their progression through the smoking trajectory a year later. These youth are clearly susceptible to pro-tobacco messaging, and our results underscore the need to restrict all forms of messaging that promote tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wilkinson
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA,
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Wilkinson AV, Koehly LM, Vandewater EA, Yu RK, Fisher-Hoch SP, Prokhorov AV, Kohl HW, Spitz MR, Shete S. Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:43. [PMID: 26111525 PMCID: PMC4636823 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite well-established negative health consequences of smokeless tobacco use (STU), the number and variety of alternative non-combustible tobacco products on the market have increased tremendously over the last 10 years, as has the market share of these products relative to cigarettes. While STU among non-Hispanic white youth has decreased over the last 10 years, the prevalence has remained constant among Hispanic youth. Here we examine demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with STU among Mexican heritage youth. METHODS Participants (50.5 % girls) reported on psychosocial risk factors in 2008-09 (n = 1,087, mean age = 14.3 years), and smokeless tobacco use in 2010-11 (mean age = 16.7 years). Participants provided a saliva sample that was genotyped for genes in the dopamine, serotonin and opioid pathways. RESULTS Overall 62 (5.7 %) participants reported lifetime STU. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms that increased the risk for lifetime use. Specifically, rs2023902 on SERGEF (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.05-3.53), rs16941667 on ALDH2 (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.65-5.94), and rs17721739 on TPH1 (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.00-2.91) in the dopamine pathway, rs514912 on TRH-DE (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.25-2.71) in the serotonin pathway, and rs42451417 on the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (OR = 3.53; 95 % CI: 1.56-7.97). After controlling for genetic risk, being male (OR = 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.41), obesity status (OR = 2.22; 95 % CI: 1.21-4.09), and both higher levels of anxiety (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and social disinhibition (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.48) were associated with increased use. High subjective social status (OR = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.64-0.93) was protective against use, while higher parental education (OR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.03-3.93) was associated with increased use. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that use of genetic risk, along with psychosocial, demographic, and behavioral risk factors may increase our ability to identify youth at increased risk for STU, which in turn may improve our ability to effectively target prevention messages to Mexican heritage youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wilkinson
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living & The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Laura M Koehly
- Social and Behavioral Division, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Vandewater
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living & The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Robert K Yu
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- The University of Texas School of Public Health Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | - Alexander V Prokhorov
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living & The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | | | - Sanjay Shete
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Family Cohesion and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Mexican Origin Adolescents: A Longitudinal Perspective. J Phys Act Health 2015; 12:1023-30. [PMID: 25919963 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing racial/ethnic disparities in physical activity during childhood increase Hispanics' risk of developing chronic diseases, which serves to increase health disparities. This study examined associations of family cohesion and conflict with self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), controlling for psychosocial covariates such as subjective social status, anxiety, and sensation-seeking. METHODS 1000 Mexican origin adolescents reported their MVPA levels approximately 2 years apart. Psychosocial covariates, family cohesion and conflict were measured at the first assessment. Generalized Linear Models were used to prospectively examine the relationship between family cohesion and conflict and subsequent MVPA based on 711 participants who had low levels of baseline MVPA. RESULTS 35% of boys and 24% of girls reported adequate MVPA levels at follow-up; girls were less likely to report adequate MVPA (RR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.93) than boys. Overall, family cohesion was associated with MVPA (P = .01), but family cohesion was not (P = .41). Gender-based analyses revealed that adequate MVPA was associated with family cohesion (RR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03-1.88), sensation seeking (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.10), and age (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.98) among girls and with subjective social status (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) among boys. CONCLUSIONS The family social environment and gender differences should be addressed in health promotion programs targeting MVPA.
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Vandewater EA, Park SE, Carey FR, Wilkinson AV. Intergenerational transfer of smoking across three generations and forty-five years. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 16:11-7. [PMID: 23943844 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many have examined the linkages between smoking behaviors across 2 generations, few have examined these linkages among 3 generations. METHODS U.S. population representative data for 3 generations are drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) in order to examine whether smoking behaviors are passed down from generation to generation and the magnitude of the influence of smoking behaviors across generations (N = 830). RESULTS Results indicate direct linkages between both grandparent (G1) and parent (G2) smoking (OR = 4.53; 95% CI = 2.57-7.97) and parent (G2) and young adult offspring (G3) smoking (OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.60-5.31). Although the direct link between grandparent (G1) and grandchildren (G3) was not significant (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 0.96-5.23, p < .10), mediation analyses reveal that the link between G3 and G1 smoking is significantly mediated by G2 smoking. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of generation, parent smoking behavior has a direct influence on offspring smoking behavior. The link between grandparent (G1) and grandchild (G3) smoking is mediated by parent (G2) smoking, suggesting that smoking behavior is passed from one generation to the next generation and in turn to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vandewater
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX
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Wilkinson AV, Gabriel KP, Wang J, Bondy ML, Dong Q, Wu X, Shete S, Spitz MR. Sensation-seeking genes and physical activity in youth. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012. [PMID: 23190435 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies examining genetic influences on physical activity (PA) have evaluated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the development of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, under the hypothesis that they would be associated with PA. However, PA is a multidetermined behavior and associated with a multitude of health consequences. Thus, examining a broader range of candidate genes associated with a broader range of PA correlates may provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of PA. In this study, we focus on one such correlate - sensation-seeking behavior. Participants (N = 1130 Mexican origin youth) provided a saliva sample and data on PA and sensation-seeking tendencies in 2008-2009. Participants were genotyped for 630 functional and tagging variants in the dopamine, serotonin and cannabinoid pathways. Overall 30% of participants (males - 37.6% and females - 22.0%) reported ≥60 min of PA on 5 of 7 days. After adjusting for gender, age and population stratification, and applying the Bayesian False Discovery Probability approach for assessing noteworthiness, four gene variants were significantly associated with PA. In a multivariable model, being male, having higher sensation-seeking tendencies and at least one copy of the minor allele for SNPs in angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene [ACE; rs8066276 odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; P = 0.012] and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2; rs11615016 OR = 1.73; P = 0.021) were associated with increased likelihood of meeting PA recommendations. Participants with at least one copy of the minor allele for SNPs in synaptosomal-associated protein 25 gene (SNAP25; rs363035 OR = 0.53; P = 0.005) and cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1; rs6454672 OR = 0.62; P = 0.022) have decreased likelihood of meeting PA recommendations. Our findings extend current knowledge of the complex relationship between PA and possible genetic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Wilkinson
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
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