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Luo T, Lin S, Zhang W, Li X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Liu T, Wu G. Relationship between socioeconomic status and hypertension incidence among adults in southwest China: a population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1211. [PMID: 38693482 PMCID: PMC11064324 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of hypertension among adults aged 18 or above in southwest China. METHODS A multistage proportional stratified cluster sampling method was employed to recruited 9280 adult residents from 12 counties in southwest China, with all participants in the cohort tracked from 2016 to 2020. The questionnaire survey gathered information on demographics, lifestyle habits, and household income. The physical exam recorded height, weight, and blood pressure. Biochemical tests measured cholesterol levels. The chi-square test was employed to assess the statistical differences among categorical variables, while the Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of hypertension. RESULTS The finally effective sample size for the cohort study was 3546 participants, after excluding 5734 people who met the exclusion criteria. Adults in the highest household income group had a significantly lower risk of hypertension compared to those in the lowest income group (HR = 0.636, 95% CI: 0.478-0.845). Besides, when compared to individuals in the illiterate population, the risk of hypertension among adults with elementary school, junior high school, senior high school and associate degree educational level decreased respectively by 34.4% (HR = 0.656, 95%CI: 0.533-0.807), 44.9% (HR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.436-0.697), 44.9% (HR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.405-0.750), 46.1% (HR = 0.539, 95%CI: 0. 340-0.854). After conducting a thorough analysis of socioeconomic status, compared with individuals with a score of 6 or less, the risk of hypertension in participants with scores of 8, 10, 11, 12, and greater than 12 decreased respectively by 23.9% (HR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.598-0.969), 29.7% (HR = 0.703, 95%CI: 0.538-0.919), 34.0% (HR = 0.660, 95%CI: 0.492-0.885), 34.3% (HR = 0.657, 95%CI: 0.447-0.967), 43.9% (HR = 0.561, 95%CI: 0.409-0.769). CONCLUSION The findings indicate a negative correlation between socioeconomic status and hypertension incidence among adults in southwest China, suggesting that individuals with higher socioeconomic status are less likely to develop hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shenrong Lin
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Clinical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Li J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang L, Yin P, Li C, You J, Huang Z, Ng M, Wang L, Zhou M. Urban-rural differences in the association between occupational physical activity and mortality in Chinese working population: evidence from a nationwide cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 46:101083. [PMID: 38745972 PMCID: PMC11091516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Despite emerging studies suggesting that occupational physical activity (OPA) might be harmful to health, the available evidence is not definitive. Most of these research studies were conducted in high-income Western countries or in urbanized setting. In China, where over one-third of the population resides in rural area, the impact of OPA on health is not well understood. The goal of this study is to investigate how the association between OPA and mortality vary by urban-rural settings. Methods Baseline data on OPA was gathered using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire from 30,650 urban and 49,674 rural working adults as part of the 2013-2014 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. Participants were followed for a median of 6.2 years, and death records were retrieved from the National Mortality Surveillance System until December 31, 2019. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine urban-rural differences in the association between OPA and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, socioeconomic status, leisure time, transportation, and non-occupational physical activity. Findings During the study period, 1342 deaths were recorded, of which 426 were caused by CVD. In rural area, working adults engaging in occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for ≥40 h per week, compared to those without any, had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.73) for all-cause mortality and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.37-0.83) for CVD mortality. However, no significant association was found in urban area (0.84 [0.61-1.15] for all-cause mortality, Pinteraction = 0.036; and 0.94 [0.53-1.66] for CVD mortality, Pinteraction = 0.098). The negative associations of occupational MVPA with mortality were more pronounced in women, non-smokers, and those with less non-occupational physical activities. Hypertension, heart rate, and diabetes were important contributors to the relationship between occupational MVPA and mortality. Interpretation The findings from the current study did not support the notion that high levels of OPA would induce harm. On the contrary, in rural setting, higher levels of OPA were associated with lower mortality risks. Furthermore, the observed urban-rural differences in the association between OPA and mortality underscored the need for context-specific public health guidelines on physical activities. Funding R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202210025026),National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2500201), and Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by BAST (BYESS2023385).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling You
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjing Huang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Marie Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Trearty K, Bunting B, Mallett J. Assessing the impact of socio-demographics and farming activity on ward-level mortality patterns using farm and population decennial censuses. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:365-376. [PMID: 38530038 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Farmers experience a specific set of unique dangers, which increases their risk of mortality compared with any other occupation. This study hypothesised that Northern Ireland's (NIs) agriculturally saturated Wards have a higher risk of mortality compared against non-agriculturally based Wards. DESIGN The Population Census and Farm Census information were downloaded from the Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Service (NINIS) online depository to compile three mortality-based data sets (2001, 2011, pooled data sets). Assessing the impact of socio-demographics and farming activity on Ward-level mortality patterns using farm and population decennial censuses. This study analysed all 582 Ward areas of NI, which enclosed the entire populace of the country in 2001 and 2011. FINDINGS Path analysis was utilised to examine direct and indirect paths linked with mortality within two census years (2001; 2011), alongside testing pathways for invariance between census years (pooled data set). Ward-level results provided evidence for exogenous variables to mortality operating through three/four endogenous variables via: (i) direct effects (age), (ii) summed indirect effects (age; males; living alone; farming profit; and deprivation) and (iii) total effects (age; males; living alone; and deprivation). Multi-group results cross-validated these cause-and-effect relationships relating to mortality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that farming intensity scores, farming profits and socio-demographics' influence on mortality risk in a Ward were dependent on the specific social-environmental characteristics within that area. In line with earlier area level research, results support the aggregated interpretation that higher levels of farming activity within a Ward increase the risk of mortality within those Wards of NI. This was an essential study to enable future tailoring of new strategies and upgrading of current policies to bring about significant mortality risk change at local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Trearty
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Brendan Bunting
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - John Mallett
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Manfo FPT, Nimako C, Nantia EA, Suh CF, Chenwi SP, Cho-Ngwa F, Moundipa PF, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Ikenaka Y. Exposure of Male Farmers and Nonfarmers to Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the South-West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon: A Comparative Study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38517100 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides, especially the newly developed neonicotinoids, are increasingly used in many countries around the world, including Cameroon, to control pests involved in crop destruction or disease transmission. Unfortunately, the pesticides also pose tremendous environmental problems because a predominant amount of their residues enter environmental matrices to affect other nontargeted species including humans. This therefore calls for continuous biomonitoring of these insecticides in human populations. The present study sought to assess the neonicotinoid insecticide exposures in two agrarian regions of Cameroon, the South-West region and Littoral region. The study involved 188 men, including 125 farmers and 63 nonfarmers. Spot urine samples were obtained from these subjects and subjected to liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis for concentrations of neonicotinoid compounds, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, and N-dm-acetamiprid. Neonicotinoid compounds were detected in all study participants, and residues of all the screened pesticides were detected among participants. N-dm-Acetamiprid and imidacloprid were the most prevalent among the subjects (100.0% and 93.1%, respectively), whereas nitenpyram was less common (3.2%). The median values of imidacloprid and total urinary neonicotinoid concentrations were elevated among farmers (0.258 vs. 0.126 µg/L and 0.829 vs. 0.312 µg/L, respectively). Altogether the findings showed that both the farmer and nonfarmer study populations of Cameroon were exposed to multiple residues of neonicotinoids, with relatively higher levels of pesticides generally recorded among farmers. Although exposure levels of the neonicotinoids were generally lower than their respective reference doses, these results warrant further research on the health risk evaluation of multiple residues of the pesticides and reinforcement of control measures to minimize the exposure risks, especially among farmers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-13. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Pascal Tsagué Manfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Drugs and Molecular Diagnostics Research (ANDI Centre of Excellence for Onchocerciasis Drug Research), Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Collins Nimako
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Edouard Akono Nantia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Christian Fusi Suh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Shu Policap Chenwi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fidelis Cho-Ngwa
- Laboratory for Drugs and Molecular Diagnostics Research (ANDI Centre of Excellence for Onchocerciasis Drug Research), Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Alston L, Nichols M, Allender S, Versace V, Brown LJ, Schumacher T, Howard G, Shikany JM, Bolton KA, Livingstone K, Zorbas C, Judd SE. Dietary patterns in rural and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study exploring dietary patterns, inflammation and association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069475. [PMID: 37270193 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought first to empirically define dietary patterns and to apply the novel Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS) in data from rural and metropolitan populations in Australia, and second to investigate associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Rural and metropolitan Australia. PARTICIPANTS Adults over the age of 18 years living in rural or metropolitan Australia who participated in the Australian Health survey. PRIMARY OUTCOMES A posteriori dietary patterns for participants separated into rural and metropolitan populations using principal component analysis. SECONDARY OUTCOMES association of each dietary pattern and DIS with CVD risk factors was explored using logistic regression. RESULTS The sample included 713 rural and 1185 metropolitan participants. The rural sample was significantly older (mean age 52.7 compared with 48.6 years) and had a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. Two primary dietary patterns were derived from each population (four in total), and dietary patterns were different between the rural and metropolitan areas. None of the identified patterns were associated with CVD risk factors in metropolitan or rural areas, aside diet pattern 2 being strongly associated with from self-reported ischaemic heart disease (OR 13.90 95% CI 2.29 to 84.3) in rural areas. There were no significant differences between the DIS and CVD risk factors across the two populations, except for a higher DIS being associated with overweight/obesity in rural areas. CONCLUSION Exploration of dietary patterns between rural and metropolitan Australia shows differences between the two populations, possibly reflective of distinct cultures, socioeconomic factors, geography, food access and/or food environments in the different areas. Our study provides evidence that action targeting healthier dietary intakes needs to be tailored to rurality in the Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alston
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warnambool, Victoria, Australia
- Research Unit, Colac Area Health, Colac, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutriton, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutriton, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leanne J Brown
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy Schumacher
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Howard
- Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristy A Bolton
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutriton, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Zorbas
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutriton, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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You X, Cao X, Guo Y, Wang D, Qiu W, Zhou C, Zhou M, Chen W, Zhang X. Associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and daily hospital admissions for circulatory system diseases in Ganzhou, China: A time series study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1134516. [PMID: 36969639 PMCID: PMC10034184 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePrevious epidemiological studies have shown that both long-term and short-term exposure to fine particulate matters (PM2.5) were associated with the morbidity and mortality of circulatory system diseases (CSD). However, the impact of PM2.5 on CSD remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the associations between PM2.5 and circulatory system diseases in Ganzhou.MethodsWe conducted this time series study to explore the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and daily hospital admissions for CSD from 2016 to 2020 in Ganzhou by using generalized additive models (GAMs). Stratified analyses were also performed by gender, age, and season.ResultsBased on 201,799 hospitalized cases, significant and positive associations were found between short-term PM2.5 exposure and hospital admissions for CSD, including total CSD, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CEVD), heart failure (HF), and arrhythmia. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 2.588% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.161%–4.035%), 2.773% (95% CI, 1.246%–4.324%), 2.865% (95% CI, 0.786%–4.893%), 1.691% (95% CI, 0.239%–3.165%), 4.173% (95% CI, 1.988%–6.404%) and 1.496% (95% CI, 0.030%–2.983%) increment in hospitalizations for total CSD, hypertension, CHD, CEVD, HF, and arrhythmia, respectively. As PM2.5 concentrations rise, the hospitalizations for arrhythmia showed a slow upward trend, while other CSD increased sharply at high PM2.5 levels. In subgroup analyses, the impacts of PM2.5 on hospitalizations for CSD were not materially changed, although the females had higher risks of hypertension, HF, and arrhythmia. The relationships between PM2.5 exposure and hospitalizations for CSD were more significant among individuals aged ≤65 years, except for arrhythmia. PM2.5 had stronger effects on total CSD, hypertension, CEVD, HF, and arrhythmia during cold seasons.ConclusionPM2.5 exposure was positively associated with daily hospital admissions for CSD, which might provide informative insight on adverse effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuyu Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Weihong Chen
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Xiaokang Zhang
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A longitudinal linkage study of occupation and ischaemic heart disease in the general and Māori populations of New Zealand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262636. [PMID: 35061833 PMCID: PMC8782384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Occupation is a poorly characterised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with females and indigenous populations under-represented in most research. This study assessed associations between occupation and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in males and females of the general and Māori (indigenous people of NZ) populations of New Zealand (NZ). Methods Two surveys of the NZ adult population (NZ Workforce Survey (NZWS); 2004–2006; n = 3003) and of the Māori population (NZWS Māori; 2009–2010; n = 2107) with detailed occupational histories were linked with routinely collected health data and followed-up until December 2018. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for IHD and “ever-worked” in any of the nine major occupational groups or 17 industries. Analyses were controlled for age, deprivation and smoking, and stratified by sex and survey. Results ‘Plant/machine operators and assemblers’ and ‘elementary occupations’ were positively associated with IHD in female Māori (HR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2–4.1 and HR 2.0, 1.1–3.8, respectively) and among NZWS males who had been employed as ‘plant/machine operators and assemblers’ for 10+ years (HR 1.7, 1.2–2.8). Working in the ‘manufacturing’ industry was also associated with IHD in NZWS females (HR 1.9, 1.1–3.7), whilst inverse associations were observed for ‘technicians and associate professionals’ (HR 0.5, 0.3–0.8) in NZWS males. For ‘clerks’, a positive association was found for NZWS males (HR 1.8, 1.2–2.7), whilst an inverse association was observed for Māori females (HR 0.4, 0.2–0.8). Conclusion Associations with IHD differed significantly across occupational groups and were not consistent across males and females or for Māori and the general population, even within the same occupational groups, suggesting that current knowledge regarding the association between occupation and IHD may not be generalisable across different population groups.
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Kullawong N, Apidechkul T, Upala P, Tamornpark R, Keawdounglek V, Wongfu C, Yeemard F, Khunthason S, Chomchoei C. Factors associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among hill tribe people aged 30 years and over in Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:498. [PMID: 33711970 PMCID: PMC7953743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most important types of cholesterol and has an impact on health. Certain lifestyle and dietary habits in different populations may leads to increased levels of LDL-C, particularly among those with poor education and economic statuses, such as hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with high LDL-C levels among hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to gather information from six main hill tribe populations: Akha, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. Individuals who were aged over 30 years and living in 30 selected hill tribe villages were invited to participate in the study. A validated questionnaire and 5-mL blood specimens were used to obtain data. Correlation analyses, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to detect correlations and associations. Results A total of 2552 participants were recruited into the study; 65.9% were females, and 64.1% were aged younger than 60 years old. Approximately 69.6% of participants had abnormal LDL-C levels; 33.6% had above-optimal levels, 24.3% had borderline high levels, 8.0% had high levels, and 3.7% had very high levels. A total of 17.4% of participants had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-C levels, while 14.9% had high triglyceride and LDL-C levels. After controlling for sex, age, religion, education, annual family income, and marital status in the multivariate model, three variables were found to be associated with high LDL-C levels: occupation, the amount of lard used in daily cooking, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Those who were working as agriculturalists had a 1.34-fold greater chance of having abnormal LDL-C than traders and others (95% CI = 1.09–1.34). Those who used moderate and high quantities of lard in their daily cooking had a 1.45-fold (95% CI = 1.15–1.82) and 1.31-fold (95% CI = 1.04–1.68) greater likelihood of having abnormal LDL-C levels than those who used low quantities, respectively. Those who had abnormal HbA1c levels were less likely to develop abnormal LDL-C levels than those who had normal HbA1c levels (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–92). Conclusions Effective public health programs that do not conflict with the cultures of hill tribes are urgently needed, particularly programs encouraging the use of small quantities of lard for daily cooking practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10577-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Vivat Keawdounglek
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chanyanut Wongfu
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siriyaporn Khunthason
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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9
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Banerjee S, Bhattacharya A, Patra S. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among executive and nonexecutive workers in an urban public sector office setting: A cross-sectional epidemiological study from Eastern India. Indian J Community Med 2021; 46:723-726. [PMID: 35068743 PMCID: PMC8729269 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_52_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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10
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Ghahramani R, Kermani-Alghoraishi M, Roohafza H, Bahrani S, Talaei M, Dianatkhah M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M. The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:179-187. [PMID: 33098402 PMCID: PMC7740047 DOI: 10.34172/ijoem.2020.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factor, some novel risk factors like occupation and career can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. Objective:
To assess the association between occupational categories and their positions with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in an Iranian male population.
Methods:
We followed 2134 men aged 35–65 years for 14 years during the Isfahan Cohort Study (2001–2015) for CVEs including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Firstly, Occupations were classified into 10 categories of International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Each category was then classified into one of the 4 pre-specified categories, namely high/low skilled white collars and high/low skilled blue collars. White-collar workers referred to managerial and professional workers in contrast with blue collar workers, whose job requires manual labor.
Results:
The mean age of studied participants was 46.9 (SD 8.3) years. 286 CVE incidents were recorded; unstable angina had the highest rate (46%); fatal stroke, the lowest (3%). There were no significant difference was observed between white and blue collars in terms of CVE incidence, as well as their high and low skilled subgroups. Hazard ratio analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of CVEs only for low-skilled white-collar workers (crude HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13); this was not significant after adjustment for confounding variables.
Conclusion: There is no association between occupational categories and incidence of cardiovascular events among Iranian male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Ghahramani
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Vihan Occupational Medical Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeide Bahrani
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Talaei
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Minoo Dianatkhah
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Haruyama K, Yokomichi H, Yamagata Z. Farm working experience could reduce late-life dependency duration among Japanese older adults: The Yamanashi Healthy-Active Life Expectancy cohort study based on the STROBE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22248. [PMID: 32957372 PMCID: PMC7505340 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advance of medical care, the duration of dependency on nursing care in later life has increased worldwide. There is a question of whether farm work could extend or shorten the dependency duration. We investigated the association between farm work experience and the duration of dependency on nursing support or care in late life.We randomly selected 600 adults aged ≥65 years, who were independent and not hospitalized, as part of the Yamanashi Healthy-Active Life Expectancy cohort and followed them for 13 years. We defined the duration of dependency as the time from reception of long-term care insurance benefits to death, and we adjusted for multiple covariates.We analyzed data from 225 adults (139 men and 86 women) who died during the follow-up period. Ninety four had received long-term care benefits. Mean age was 79.6 years (standard deviation [SD]: 6.3) in individuals with farm work experience and 80.1 years (SD: 7.2) in individuals without farm work experience. The estimated duration of dependency on long-term care was 1.3 years (standard error [SE]: 0.4) in individuals with farm work experience vs 2.1 years (SE: 0.5) in individuals without farm work experience (P = .01). The estimated duration of dependency in individuals with farm work experience and without farm work experience was 0.4 years (SE: 0.5) vs 1.3 years (SE: 0.6) in men respectively (P = .03) and 1.6 years (SE: 0.9) vs 2.4 years (SE: 0.9) in women, respectively (P = .16). The sensitivity analysis yielded an estimated duration of 1.2 years (SE: 0.5) in those with farm work experience and 2.3 years (SE: 0.5) in those without farm work experience (P = .004).Individuals with farm work experience required less long-term care prior to death, suggesting that agricultural and physical activities promote health. Policymakers focusing on preventing the need for nursing care in older populations could consider promoting farming or gardening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Haruyama
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Iryo Sosei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai Iino, Iwaki City, Fukushima
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
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12
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GHAHRAMANI R, AGHILINEJAD M, KERMANI-ALGHORAISHI M, ROOHAFZA H, TALAEI M, SARRAFZADEGAN N, SADEGHI M. Occupational categories and cardiovascular diseases incidences: a cohort study in Iranian population. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E290-E295. [PMID: 32803013 PMCID: PMC7419113 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.2.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In spite of traditional cardiovascular risk factor, the different occupations can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. We aimed to assess the correlation between the occupational classes, based on the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO), and CVDs in Iran as a developing country. Methods We followed the 2440 men, aged 35-65 years and without history of CVDs over fourteen years; 2001 to 2015 during the Isfahan Cohort Study. ISCO was used to classify occupations into 10 categories. Incidence rates of ischemic heart diseases and stroke were recorded. Socioeconomic demographic data including marital state, income and place of living and metabolic risk factors were also recorded. Results The mean age was 46.97 ± 8.31 years old. 272 cardiovascular events (CVEs) were recorded that unstable angina was the highest recorded with 49% prevalence and the fatal stroke had the lowest outbreak (1%). The unemployed/jobless group and elementary occupations (9th ISCO category) had higher and lower relative frequency in CVEs respectively. There was non-significant decrease in CVEs in all of categories except of 4th (clerical support workers) and 10th (armed forces) groups in comparison to unemployed/jobless subjects (P > 0.05). After considering of the group 7 as a reference group (most absolute CVEs frequency), in fully adjustment analysis group 4 had significant risk for CVEs (P = 0.04). Conclusions This study indicates that working as clerical support workers (4th ISCO category) is associated with higher significant risk for IHD and stroke incidence in comparison to craft and related trades workers (7th group of ISCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. GHAHRAMANI
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. AGHILINEJAD
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M. KERMANI-ALGHORAISHI
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H.R. ROOHAFZA
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. TALAEI
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - N. SARRAFZADEGAN
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. SADEGHI
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Masoumeh Sadeghi, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran - Tel. +98-9134091776, +98-3136115210 - E-mail:
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13
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Barnes LA, Eng A, Corbin M, Denison HJ, 't Mannetje A, Haslett S, McLean D, Jackson R, Douwes J. The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Different Occupational Groups in New Zealand. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 64:645-658. [PMID: 32318690 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been shown to differ between occupations, few studies have specifically evaluated the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups. This study assessed CVD risk factors in a range of occupational groups in New Zealand, stratified by sex and ethnicity. METHODS Two probability-based sample surveys of the general New Zealand adult population (2004-2006; n = 3003) and of the indigenous people of New Zealand (Māori; 2009-2010; n = 2107), for which occupational histories and lifestyle factors were collected, were linked with routinely collected health data. Smoking, body mass index, deprivation, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol were dichotomized and compared between occupational groups using age-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of all known CVD risk factors was greater in the Māori survey than the general population survey, and in males compared with females. In general for men and women in both surveys 'Plant and machine operators and assemblers' and 'Elementary workers' were more likely to experience traditional CVD risk factors, while 'Professionals' were less likely to experience these risk factors. 'Clerks' were more likely to have high blood pressure and male 'Agricultural and fishery workers' in the general survey were less likely to have high cholesterol, but this was not observed in the Māori survey. Male Māori 'Trades workers' were less likely to have high cholesterol and were less obese, while for the general population survey, this was not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study showed differences in the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups, as well as between ethnic groups and males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Barnes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Eng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marine Corbin
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hayley J Denison
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haslett
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Sciences-Statistics, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Statistics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian National Territory, Australia
| | - Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rod Jackson
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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14
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Castrillon CIM, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira ML, Michell JA, de Aguiar Mendes VA, Luscombe GM, Stamatakis E, Ferreira PH. Are people in the bush really physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in rural Australians populations. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010410. [PMID: 32373329 PMCID: PMC7182355 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease and premature mortality. People who live in rural settings are usually regarded as more physically active than those living in urban areas, however, direct comparisons between these populations are scarce. We aimed to summarise the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour in rural settings in Australia, compared to urban counterparts. Methods We searched six databases (AMED, Embase, Medline; CINAHL, SPORTDiscus; and RURAL) and identified 28 observational studies that investigated the levels of physical inactivity and/or sedentary behaviour in adults aged 18 years and over in rural Australia. Random effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled prevalence estimates. Results Physical inactivity was four percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4 to 8) higher in rural populations compared to urban populations. There was a one percentage point (95% CI = -3 to 5) prevalence difference of physical activity in the rural populations. Rural populations reported on average 7.8 hours of sedentary time per day (95% CI = 5 to 10) and the prevalence of high levels of sedentary behaviour (≥to 8 hours per day) was 7% (95% CI = -8 to -7) greater in urban areas compared to rural areas. Conclusions People living in rural areas are just as physically inactive as people who live in urban areas. Our findings challenge the popular views that rural lifestyles result in people engaging more frequently in physical activity. Public health campaigns promoting physical activity in rural settings are just as necessary as in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula R Beckenkamp
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuela L Ferreira
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jose A Michell
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sao Paulo, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Georgina M Luscombe
- The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulo Henrique Ferreira
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease among adults engaged in various occupations: evidence from India. J Biosoc Sci 2019; 52:629-649. [PMID: 31647045 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932019000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for nearly 62% of all deaths in 2016. Four NCDs - high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease - together accounted for over 34% of these deaths. Using data from two rounds of the India Human Development Surveys (IHDSs), levels and changes in the prevalence rates of the four NCDs (based on diagnosed cases) among adults aged 15-69 years in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12 were examined by socioeconomic and demographic factors and for five broad occupation categories. The socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for each of these NCDs were determined using multiple linear logistic regression analysis of pooled data from two rounds of the IHDS. The results showed that while urban residence, age, female sex and education were associated with higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, household economic status was associated with higher odds for all four NCDs. Furthermore, increased higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease were found for the legislator/senior official/professional occupation group compared with non-workers. Skilled agricultural/elementary workers had lower odds of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease. Craft/machine-related trade workers had higher odds of high blood pressure and diabetes, and reduced odds of asthma and heart disease. Compared with non-workers, the odds ratios for asthma were lower for all other occupational categories. During the two study decades, the Government of India implemented several programmes designed to improve the health and well-being of its people. However, more focused attention on the adult population is needed, and special attention should be paid to the issue of the occupational health of the working population through the strict implementation of work place safety protocols and the removal of potential health hazards.
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Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Across Occupational Groups and Industry in a Statewide Study of an Australian Working Population. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:286-294. [PMID: 29135835 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diabetes) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in occupational and industry groups in a large, diverse working population. METHODS Five hundred thousand Victorian workers undertook health checks, including lifestyle, anthropometric, and biomedical cardiovascular risk factor assessment. Five-year diabetes (AUSDRISK) and absolute CVD risk were estimated. RESULTS High diabetes and CVD risk was increased in many occupational groups and industries relative to managers and Professional/Scientific/Technical Services, respectively. Significantly more blue-collar workers had high diabetes risk [males prevalence ratio (PR) 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.20); females 1.34 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.38)], high CVD risk [males 1.45 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.53); females 1.48 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.88], and risk factors including smoking [males 2.26 (95% CI 2.22 to 2.30); females 2.20 (95% CI 2.13 to 2.27)], compared with white-collar workers. CONCLUSION Targeting occupational and industry groups within sustainable workplace programs could assist in reducing chronic diseases, lowering sickness absence, and improving productivity.
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Paige E, Welsh J, Agostino J, Calabria B, Banks E, Korda RJ. Socioeconomic variation in absolute cardiovascular disease risk and treatment in the Australian population. Prev Med 2018; 114:217-222. [PMID: 30026118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), preventable through appropriate management of absolute CVD risk, disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. The aim of this study was to estimate absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in absolute CVD risk and treatment in the Australian population using cross-sectional representative data on 4751 people aged 45-74 from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey. Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence differences (PD) and ratios (PR) for prior CVD, high 5-year absolute risk of a primary CVD event and guideline-recommended medication use, in relation to socioeconomic position (SEP, measured by education). After adjusting for age and sex, the prevalence of high absolute risk of a primary CVD event among those of low, intermediate and high SEP was 12.6%, 10.9% and 7.7% (PD, low vs. high = 5.0 [95% CI: 2.3, 7.7], PR = 1.6 [1.2, 2.2]) and for prior CVD was 10.7%, 9.1% and 6.7% (PD = 4.0 [1.4, 6.6], PR = 1.6 [1.1, 2.2]). The proportions using preventive medication use among those with high primary risk were 21.3%, 19.5% and 29.4% for low, intermediate and high SEP and for prior CVD, were 37.8%, 35.7% and 17.7% (PD = 20.1 [9.7, 30.5], PR = 2.1 [1.3, 3.5]). Proportions at high primary risk and not using medications among those of low, intermediate and high SEP were 10.6%, 8.8% and 4.7% and with prior CVD and not using medications were 8.5%, 6.3% and 4.1%. Findings indicate substantial potential to prevent CVD and reduce inequalities through appropriate management of high absolute risk in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Paige
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Welsh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason Agostino
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bianca Calabria
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary J Korda
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Borhanuddin B, Ahmad N, Shah SA, Murad NAA, Zakaria SZS, Kamaruddin MA, Jalal NA, Yusuf NAM, Patah AEA, Dauni A, Sallam WAFW, Jamal R. Association of job sectors with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and obesity: a cross-sectional study from the Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project. Int Health 2018; 10:382-390. [PMID: 29462329 PMCID: PMC6104700 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The investigation of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (e.g., major endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases) across job sectors is useful for targeted public health intervention. This study examined the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia and obesity in 21 job sectors in the general population. Methods A baseline cross-sectional analysis of the Malaysian Cohort was conducted, which included 105 391 adults. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted for these three diseases across 20 job sectors compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. Results The prevalence of T2DM, hypercholesterolemia and obesity was 16.7%, 38.8% and 33.3%, respectively. The Accommodation & Food Service Activities and Transportation & Storage sectors had significantly higher odds for T2DM (adjusted [adj.] prevalence odds ratio [POR] 1.18, p=0.007 and adj. POR 1.15, p=0.008, respectively). No job sector had significantly higher odds for hypercholesterolemia compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. Only the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector had significantly higher odds for obesity (adj. POR 1.17, p≤0.001). Conclusions Many job sectors were significantly associated with lower odds of having these three diseases when compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. These differing associations between diverse job sectors and these diseases are important for public health intervention initiatives and prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boekhtiar Borhanuddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Zulkifli Syed Zakaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arman Kamaruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Abd Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Mhd Yusuf
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afzan Effiza Abdul Patah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andri Dauni
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ahmad Faisal Wan Sallam
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jacobs J, Peterson KL, Allender S, Alston LV, Nichols M. Regional variation in cardiovascular mortality in Australia 2009–2012: the impact of remoteness and socioeconomic status. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018; 42:467-473. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jacobs
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health ResearchDeakin University Victoria
| | - Karen Louise Peterson
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research UnitSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health ResearchDeakin University Victoria
| | - Laura Veronica Alston
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health ResearchDeakin University Victoria
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health ResearchDeakin University Victoria
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Brew B, Inder K, Allen J, Thomas M, Kelly B. The health and wellbeing of Australian farmers: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:988. [PMID: 27634298 PMCID: PMC5025556 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isolation, long work days, climate change and globalization are just some of the many pressures that make farming a vulnerable occupation for incurring mental health issues. The objective of this study was to determine whether farming in Australia is associated with poorer wellbeing, physical and mental health, and less health service use. Methods The Australian Rural Mental Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study was analysed over four time points comparing farmers with non-farming workers (n = 1184 at baseline). Participants were recruited from rural NSW, Australia. A number of physical, mental health, wellbeing, service use outcomes were assessed using generalised estimating equations including all waves in each model. Barriers to seeking help were also assessed. Results Farmers who lived remotely reported worse mental health (β −0.33, 95 % CI −0.53, −0.13) and wellbeing (β −0.21(95 % CI −0.35, −0.06) than remote non-farm workers regardless of financial hardship, rural specific factors eg drought worry, or recent adverse events. All farmers were no different to non-farming workers on physical health aspects except for chronic illnesses, where they reported fewer illnesses (OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.44, 0.98). All farmers were half as likely to visit a general practitioner (GP) or a mental health professional in the last 12 months as compared to non-farm workers regardless of location (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.35, 0.97). Rural workers felt that they preferred to manage themselves rather than access help for physical health needs (50 %) or mental health needs (75 %) and there was little difference between farmers and non-farm workers in reasons for not seeking help. Conclusions Remoteness is a significant factor in the mental health and wellbeing of farmers, more so than financial stress, rural factors and recent adverse events. Creative programs and policies that improve access for farmers to GPs and mental health professionals should be supported. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3664-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Brew
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Bathurst Base Hospital, Howick St, Bathurst, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Forest Road, Orange, NSW, Australia. .,Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
| | - Kerry Inder
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Forest Road, Orange, NSW, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Allen
- Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Thomas
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Drive, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Diabetes and poor glycaemic control in rural patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2015; 180:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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