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Rattay P, Öztürk Y, Geene R, Blume M, Allen J, Poethko-Müller C, Mauz E, Manz K, Wieland C, Hövener C. [Social situation, health, and health behavior of children and adolescents in one-parent households at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the KIDA study 2022-2023]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024:10.1007/s00103-024-03910-9. [PMID: 38995360 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, single parents and their children were particularly exposed to stress due to the containment measures and to limited resources. We analyzed differences in the social and health situation of children and adolescents in one-parent households and two-parent households at the end of the pandemic. METHODS The analysis is based on data from the KIDA study, in which parents of 3‑ to 15-year-old children as well as 16- to 17-year-old adolescents were surveyed in 2022/2023 (telephone: n = 6992; online: n = 2896). Prevalences stratified by family type were calculated for the indicators psychosocial stress, social support, health, and health behavior. Poisson regressions were adjusted for gender, age, level of education, and household income. RESULTS Children and adolescents from one-parent households are more likely to be burdened by financial restrictions, family conflicts, and poor living conditions and receive less school support than peers from two-parent households. They are more likely to have impairments in health as well as increased healthcare needs, and they use psychosocial services more frequently. Furthermore, they are less likely to be active in sports clubs, but they take part in sporting activities at schools as often as minors from two-parent households. The differences are also evident when controlling for income and education. DISCUSSION Children and adolescents from one-parent households can be reached well through exercise programs in a school setting. Low-threshold offers in daycare centers, schools, and the community should therefore be further expanded. Furthermore, interventions are needed to improve the socioeconomic situation of single parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rattay
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Yasmin Öztürk
- Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, Deutsches Jugendinstitut, München, Deutschland
| | - Raimund Geene
- Berlin School of Public Health, Alice Salomon Hochschule, Berlin, Deutschland
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften, Europa-Institut für Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin School of Public Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Blume
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Poethko-Müller
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Elvira Mauz
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kristin Manz
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Catherine Wieland
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften, Europa-Institut für Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin School of Public Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
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2
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Soepnel LM, Kolkenbeck-Ruh A, Crouch SH, Draper CE, Ware LJ, Lye SJ, Norris SA. Prevalence and socio-structural determinants of tobacco exposure in young women: Data from the Healthy Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) study in urban Soweto, South Africa. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109300. [PMID: 35042098 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a major public health risk worldwide, which has increased on the African continent over the past 40 years. Socio-economic factors impact tobacco use and exposure, but little is known about the scope of this problem in young women living in an urban, historically disadvantaged township in contemporary South Africa. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of tobacco use in a cohort of young South African women using serum cotinine, and to assess the association between a number of socio-economic and social factors and tobacco use in this setting. METHODS Secondary analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data from the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) study. Serum cotinine was measured and a cut-off of ≥ 10 ng/mL was classified as tobacco use. Household socio-economic, socio-demographic and health information were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Cotinine data was available for 1508 participants, of whom 29.2% (n = 441) had cotinine levels indicative of tobacco use. In regression analyses, moderate to severe socio-economic vulnerability (score 2-3 OR 1.66, p = 0.008; score ≥4: OR 1.63, p = 0.026) and multiparity (OR 1.74, p = 0.013) were associated with tobacco use. In addition, alcohol dependence (OR 3.07, p < 0.001) and drug use (OR 4.84, p < 0.001) were associated with tobacco use. CONCLUSION Young women with multiple children, moderate to severe socio-economic vulnerability, and alcohol and drug use were identified as more likely to use tobacco, indicating the need for targeted anti-tobacco interventions to curb the impact of tobacco on the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larske M Soepnel
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Huispost nr. Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Kolkenbeck-Ruh
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Simone H Crouch
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrew's Road, Education Campus, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Stephen J Lye
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave., Toronto M5G 1×5, ON, Canada
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Jahng KE. South Korean mothers' childhood abuse experience and their abuse of their children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Moderating effect of parenting self-efficacy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104324. [PMID: 31865276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of childhood abuse has been found to adversely affect the transition to motherhood. Compared to other children, children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at higher risk of being maltreated at home. However, maternal parenting self-efficacy has been found to improve mothers' positive interactions with their children. OBJECTIVE Given that, this study examined the moderating effect of maternal parenting self-efficacy on the relationship between mothers' childhood abuse experience and their abuse of their children with IDDs. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants include 134 South Korean mothers with children between 2 and 8 years of age with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHOD Mothers' childhood abuse experience was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, which measures the extent of mothers' exposure to parental abuse in their childhood. Parenting self-efficacy was measured using the Echelle Globle du Sentiment de Competence Parentale (EGSCP). The Abusive Parenting scale was used to assess mothers' abusive parenting; it measured the degree to which mothers had ever either physically or emotionally abused their children. RESULTS The moderating effects of parenting self-efficacy on the relationships between childhood emotional abuse and abusive parenting (B = -.06, t(126) = -2.33, p = .022, 95 % CI[-.1142, -.0092]) and between childhood physical abuse and abusive parenting (B = -.07, t(126) = -2.64, p = .009, 95 % CI[-.1283, -.0184]) were significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the importance of helping mothers with a history of abuse alleviate parental stress arising from raising children with IDDs by enhancing their parenting self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Jahng
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee daero, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wilding S, Ziauddeen N, Roderick P, Smith D, Chase D, Macklon N, McGrath N, Hanson M, Alwan NA. Are socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of small-for-gestational-age birth narrowing? Findings from a population-based cohort in the South of England. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026998. [PMID: 31362961 PMCID: PMC6678068 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate socioeconomic inequalities, using maternal educational attainment, maternal and partner employment status, and lone motherhood indicators, in the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births, their time trend, potential mediation by maternal smoking and body mass index, and effect modification by parity. DESIGN Population-based birth cohort using routine antenatal healthcare data. SETTING Babies born at University Hospital Southampton, UK, between 2004 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS 65 909 singleton live births born to mothers aged ≥18 years between 24-week and 42-week gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SGA (birth weight <10th percentile for others born at the same number of completed weeks compared with 2013/2014 within England and Wales). RESULTS Babies born to mothers educated up to secondary school level (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.32, 99% CI 1.19 to 1.47), who were unemployed (aOR 1.27, 99% CI 1.16 to 1.38) or with unemployed partners (aOR 1.27, 99% CI 1.13 to 1.43), were at greater risk of being SGA. There was no statistically significant change in the magnitude of this risk difference by these indicators over time between 2004 and 2016, as estimated by linear interactions with year of birth. Babies born to lone mothers were not at higher risk compared with partnered mothers after adjusting for maternal smoking (aOR 1.05, 99% CI 0.93 to 1.20). The inverse association between maternal educational attainment and SGA risk appeared greater in multiparous (aOR 1.40, 99% CI 1.10 to 1.77) compared with primiparous women (aOR 1.28, 99% CI 1.12 to 1.47), and the reverse was true for maternal and partner's unemployment where the association was stronger in primiparous women. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic inequalities in SGA risk by educational attainment and employment status are not narrowing over time, with differences in association strength by parity. The greater SGA risk in lone mothers was potentially explained by maternal smoking. Preventive interventions should target socially disadvantaged women, including preconception and postpartum smoking cessation to reduce SGA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilding
- School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nida Ziauddeen
- School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Roderick
- School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dianna Smith
- Geography & Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Debbie Chase
- Public Health, Southampton City Council, Southampton, UK
| | - Nick Macklon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- London Women's Clinic, London, UK
| | - Nuala McGrath
- School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Economic, Social and Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nisreen A Alwan
- School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Handley TE, Rich J, Lewin TJ, Kelly BJ. The predictors of depression in a longitudinal cohort of community dwelling rural adults in Australia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:171-180. [PMID: 30155557 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many major studies of depression in Australia are under-representative of rural and remote residents, limiting the generalizability of their findings. This study explores the contributions of a range of individual, social, and community factors to the trajectory of depressive symptoms among a cohort of rural and remote residents. METHODS Data from four waves of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (baseline n = 2639), a 5 year longitudinal study of rural community residents, were examined within generalized linear mixed models to predict depressive symptoms. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9, with key correlates including social support, employment status, financial wellbeing, neuroticism, and rural community factors. RESULTS Moderate-to-severe depression was reported by 6.3% of the baseline sample. Being permanently unable to work resulted in over a threefold increase in the odds of depression at the following survey wave. Self-rated financial hardship was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of future depression, as was a high level of community concerns. Neuroticism and tobacco use also made a significant independent contribution to future depressive symptoms. Interpersonal support was a protective factor, reducing the odds of next-wave depression by 64%. CONCLUSION Financial and employment-related difficulties appear to be important risk factors for depression, and targeting individuals experiencing such difficulties may be an effective means of reducing depression among certain sub-groups. Strategies to prevent depression in rural and remote Australia may benefit from a focus on interpersonal and community-level support, as the effects of this support are lasting and contribute to a reduced likelihood of depressive episodes in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonelle E Handley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Jane Rich
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Terry J Lewin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian J Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Trujillo-Alemán S, Pérez G, Puig-Barrachina V, Gotsens M, Reynolds J, Rueda S, Borrell C. Inequalities in health and health behaviours between couple and lone mothers before and during the financial crisis in Spain (2003-2012). SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100367. [PMID: 30809584 PMCID: PMC6374692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lone mothers report worse health and adopt more risky health behaviours than couple mothers, as largely documented in several European countries, but not deeply in Spain. The primary aim of this study was to identify the possible existence of inequalities in health and health behaviours between couple and lone mothers in Spain by occupational social class and employment status. A second aim was to explore whether any inequalities were influenced by the economic crisis beginning in 2008, analysing changes in inequalities between 2003–2004 and 2011–2012. Two waves of the cross-sectional Spanish National Health Survey data were used. Analyses were restricted to mothers aged 16–64 years, with at least one child aged 18 years or younger. The sample consisted of 2982 mothers in 2003–2004 and 3070 in 2011–2012, representing more than 80% of couple mothers. Two health outcomes and two health behaviour measurements were used. Robust Poisson regression was run to estimate inequalities between couple and lone mothers, calculating prevalence ratios adjusted by age and stratified by social class and employment status. We found inequalities in health and health behaviours between couple and lone mothers in Spain amongst the manual social class, with lone mothers reporting a more than 30% higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health and being smoker in both time points of study compared with couple mothers. Furthermore, lone mothers were at 50% higher risk of having at least one selected chronic condition and 86% higher probability of sleeping less than 6 hours/day in 2011–2012 This study could not confirm that inequalities between couple and lone mothers changed in Spain during the study period, although some patterns were noticeable. Inequalities pointed towards an increase amongst mothers in the manual social class with paid employment, while inequalities amongst unemployed mothers (both manual and non-manual social class) pointed towards a decrease. In Spain, there are inequalities in health between couple and lone mothers. These inequalities might be influenced by social class and employment status. Lone mothers in the manual social class showed worse health and health behaviours. Lone mothers in the non-manual social class and employed reported better health. Changes in inequalities were not confirmed (2003–2012), despite the economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trujillo-Alemán
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Glòria Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/ Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Mercè Gotsens
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain
| | - Jillian Reynolds
- Agency for Health and Quality Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), C/ Roc Boronat, 81-95, Barcelona 08005, Spain
| | - Silvia Rueda
- DEP Institut, C/Aragó, 631-633, Barcelona 08026, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, Barcelona 08023, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/ Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
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The Influence of Partner Smoking, Relationship Satisfaction and Parental Stress on Tobacco Use. J Smok Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2018.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionDespite declines in tobacco use during pregnancy and after childbirth, smoking remains unacceptably high among many parents. Smoking maintenance or relapse may be common in couple relationships when the other parent continues to smoke, when relationship satisfaction is low, or parental stress high.AimTo examine the longitudinal influence of partner tobacco use, relationship satisfaction and parental stress on tobacco use after childbirth.MethodsData was obtained from 115 Australian heterosexual adult couples (Mean age = 31.8) who reported being pregnant in the previous year and the female partner was a previous or current smoker. A household longitudinal survey was administered in which measures of tobacco use, relationship satisfaction and parental stress were assessed on four occasions over nine years.ResultsOverall reductions in tobacco use occurred over the nine-year assessment period, although a small percentage (9.6%) of parents reported being daily smokers at every assessment. Similarly, a small proportion (13.1%) of parents relapsed to using tobacco during the assessment period. A random effects binary logit model indicated that mothers and fathers were more likely to continue or relapse to tobacco use if their partners smoked. Mothers were more likely to quit smoking if they became pregnant between the assessment waves, but for males, having a pregnant partner was not a significant predictor of tobacco cessation.ConclusionWhile pregnancy is associated with smoking cessation for mothers, both mothers and fathers are at elevated risk of continued tobacco smoking or relapse if their partner smokes during the first nine years after childbirth. For parents who continue to smoke cigarettes or relapse after childbirth, engagement of the partner in smoking cessation may be a key factor in promoting positive outcomes.
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Fallin-Bennett A, Barnett J, Ducas L, Wiggins AT, McCubbin A, Ashford K. Pilot Tobacco Treatment Intervention for Women in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorder. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018; 47:749-759. [PMID: 30273555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of Get Fit and Quit (GFAQ), a community-engaged, holistic tobacco treatment program for women of childbearing age in a residential substance use disorder treatment facility. DESIGN A quasi-experimental, one-group, longitudinal design. SETTING A local Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) location. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study. Nearly all (21/23) participants were White, and most were nonpartnered and unemployed. More than one third of participants had more than high school educations, and five (22%) were pregnant at enrollment. METHODS The program was conducted in 10 sessions over 6 months. For each 90-minute session, approximately 45 minutes were dedicated to smoking cessation, and 45 minutes were dedicated to group physical activity. Means and 95% confidence intervals were used to summarize nicotine dependence, expired carbon monoxide, urine cotinine, and exercise self-efficacy at baseline and 5-week, 8-week, and 6-month assessments. Cigarettes smoked per day were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges over time. Program satisfaction and regular exercise were presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Of the 23 women who enrolled in GFAQ, 7 (30%) completed the program. Compared with baseline results, participants who completed GFAQ had lower nicotine dependence and smoked fewer cigarettes per day. Additionally, at 5 weeks, more GFAQ participants exercised regularly (64%) compared with baseline (14%). Most participants viewed the program favorably. CONCLUSION Smoking in women of childbearing age with substance use disorders is an important public health issue. GFAQ is a promising intervention for tobacco treatment for this high-risk population, although the number of initial participants who completed the program was low.
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Palència L, De Moortel D, Artazcoz L, Salvador-Piedrafita M, Puig-Barrachina V, Hagqvist E, Pérez G, Ruiz ME, Trujillo-Alemán S, Vanroelen C, Malmusi D, Borrell C. Gender Policies and Gender Inequalities in Health in Europe: Results of the SOPHIE Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2016; 47:61-82. [PMID: 27530991 DOI: 10.1177/0020731416662611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explain the results of the SOPHIE project regarding the effect of gender policies on gender inequalities in health in Europe. We start with the results of a systematic review on how gender regimes and gender equality policies at the country level impact women's health and gender inequalities in health. Then, we report on three empirical analyses on the relationship between different family policy models existing in Europe and gender inequalities in health. Finally we present four case studies on specific examples of gender policies or determinants of gender inequalities in health. The results show that policies that support women's participation in the labor force and decrease their burden of care, such as public services and support for families and entitlements for fathers, are related to lower levels of gender inequality in terms of health. In addition, public services and benefits for disabled and dependent people can reduce the burden placed on family caregivers and hence improve their health. In the context of the current economic crisis, gender equality policies should be maintained or improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Palència
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah De Moortel
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Salvador-Piedrafita
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Training Unit in Preventive Medicine and Public Health PSMar-UPF-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Puig-Barrachina
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Hagqvist
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Glòria Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol E Ruiz
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Desigualtats en Salut - Employment Conditions Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Trujillo-Alemán
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital General de Fuerteventura, Puerto del Rosario, Spain
| | - Christophe Vanroelen
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Grup de Recerca en Desigualtats en Salut - Employment Conditions Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Malmusi
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Castro Y. Determinants of Smoking and Cessation Among Latinos: Challenges and Implications for Research. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2016; 10:390-404. [PMID: 27672402 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco is a significant burden to individual and public health, and disparities exist among Latino smokers with respect to use and cessation. Although the prevalence of smoking is lower for Latinos than for non-Latino Whites and the general U.S. population, numerous health disparities exist within the population of Latino smokers. Much is known about determinants of smoking and cessation but the vast majority of this knowledge is based on research with non-Latino White smokers. This results in at least two important challenges in tobacco research among Latino smokers: (i) demonstrating the generalizability of known determinants of smoking and cessation, and; (ii) identifying culturally relevant variables that influence smoking and cessation among Latinos. An argument for increased research in these areas is presented with a review of existing research among Latino smokers that demonstrates these needs. Research is summarized that suggests socioeconomic position, depressive symptomatology, physical dependence, and gender function differently as determinants of smoking and cessation among Latinos compared with the general population of smokers. Research is also reviewed that suggests the promise of acculturation, acculturative stress, and discrimination as culturally relevant determinants of smoking and cessation. Research and practice implications are discussed, and specific areas for future research are offered.
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Sperlich S, Maina MN. Are single mothers' higher smoking rates mediated by dysfunctional coping styles? BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:124. [PMID: 25300712 PMCID: PMC4287467 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Smoking prevalence has been shown to be considerably higher among single mothers as compared to their married or cohabiting counterparts. This study examines whether this could be attributed to single mothers’ different capability in dealing with stress. Methods Based on cross-sectional data of 3129 German mothers, the study explores the associations between single motherhood, coping styles and moderate and heavy smoking pattern using a regression-based ‘parallel multiple mediator model’. Results Single mothers showed higher rates of negative coping styles than partnered mothers, holding for ‘self-blame/rumination’ (p < 0.001), ‘blaming others’ (p = 0.048) and in particular for ‘substance consumption’ (p < 0.001). With respect to positive coping styles the findings were heterogeneous: while partnered mothers scored higher on ‘active influence’ (p < 0.001), single mothers showed higher values of ‘positive self-verbalisation’ (p < 0.001). Evidence for a mediating effect of coping styles on the relationship between single motherhood and moderate as well as heavy smoking was only found for ‘substance consumption’. Moreover, single motherhood may moderate the effect of ‘self-blame/rumination’ on heavy smoking (p = 0.025). Against expectations, higher levels of ‘active influence’ were not associated with lower but with significant higher odds of moderate smoking (OR = 1.19). Conclusion Single mothers compared to partnered mothers showed a different ability to cope with stress. However, only the coping strategy ‘substance consumption’ mediates the relationship between single motherhood and smoking. Exclusively in single mothers, ‘self-blame/rumination’ was associated with heavy smoking, indicating that they might utilize smoking as a way to come to terms with negative ruminative thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sperlich
- Medical Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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