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Kearns NT, Trachik B, Fawver B, Osgood J, Dretsch MN. Alcohol motivations associated with frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol problems among active duty junior enlisted soldiers and non-commissioned officers. Alcohol 2024; 115:23-31. [PMID: 37684009 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use is a serious threat to the behavioral health of active-duty Service Members (ADSM), resulting in numerous calls from governmental agencies to better understand mechanistic factors contributing to alcohol misuse within the military. Alcohol use motives are reliable predictors of alcohol-related behaviors and are considered malleable targets for prevention and intervention efforts. However, empirical research indicates that drinking motives vary across contextually distinct populations. Although some research has been conducted among veteran and reservist populations, limited work has been specifically focused on ADSM and no research has evaluated motives and alcohol metrics among ADSM based on military rank. Participants for the current study included 682 ADSM recruited from a large military installation in the U.S. Structural equation modeling evaluated associations between four drinking motives (i.e., enhancement, social, conformity, coping) and three alcohol misuse metrics (i.e., alcohol frequency, binge frequency, alcohol problems). Three models were evaluated: one full (combined) model and two separate models based on military rank - junior enlisted (i.e., E1-E4) and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) (i.e., E5-E9). Results for junior enlisted ADSM indicated that coping and enhancement motives were most strongly associated with all alcohol misuse metrics. However, among NCOs, results indicated that alcohol problems were only associated with coping motives. Notably, results also indicated that alcohol use motives accounted for substantively more variance across all alcohol-related metrics among NCOs. Findings generally support extant military-related literature indicating use of alcohol for coping (e.g., with anxiety) as the motivation most consistently associated with increased alcohol misuse. However, novel findings highlight enhancement motives - using alcohol to attain some positive internal reward - as another, often stronger, motivation impacting alcohol use outcomes. Further, findings highlight notable distinctions between alcohol use motives (i.e., coping vs. enhancement) and the impact of alcohol use motives (i.e., effect size) on alcohol metrics between junior enlisted and NCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Kearns
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - West (WRAIR-W), 9933A W. Johnson St., Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States.
| | - Benjamin Trachik
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - West (WRAIR-W), 9933A W. Johnson St., Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States
| | - Bradley Fawver
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - West (WRAIR-W), 9933A W. Johnson St., Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States
| | - Jeffrey Osgood
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - West (WRAIR-W), 9933A W. Johnson St., Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - West (WRAIR-W), 9933A W. Johnson St., Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, United States
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Abdou AH, El-Amin MAMM, Mohammed EFA, Alboray HMM, Refai AMS, Almakhayitah MY, Albohnayh ASM, Alismail AM, Almulla MO, Alsaqer JS, Mahmoud MH, Elshazly AIA, Allam SFA. Work stress, work-family conflict, and psychological distress among resort employees: a JD-R model and spillover theory perspectives. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1326181. [PMID: 38420179 PMCID: PMC10899679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1326181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The hospitality industry is well-known for its challenging and high-pressure work settings. In this context, employees commonly face a multitude of stressors originating from their roles and job responsibilities, which can significantly impact their psychological wellbeing. Hence, based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and the spillover theory, this study aims to empirically explore the direct and indirect effect of work stress (assessed by role overload, ambiguity, and conflict) on psychological distress among frontline employees in 3- and 4-star Egyptian resorts while considering the mediating influence of work-family conflict (WFC). Four hypotheses were put to the test through the application of the PLS-SEM 4.0 version (4.0.9.9). Based on the findings from 563 frontline employees who participated in this research, the study supports the four hypotheses affirming that work-related stressors significantly contributed to employees' psychological distress. Further, the findings highlighted that these stressors significantly spill over into employees' family lives, generating conflicts between work and family roles. In addition, the results emphasized the significance of WFC as a contributing factor to employees' psychological distress. Finally, the study concluded that WFC partially mediates the link between work stress and employees' psychological distress. Based on these findings, some theoretical and practical implications for hospitality scholars, resort management, and policymakers were suggested to enhance the employees' wellbeing and mitigate psychological distress in this vital sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassan Abdou
- Social Studies Department, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanem Mostafa Mohamed Alboray
- Department of Education and Psychology, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Mental Health Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aza Mohamed Sediek Refai
- Department of Education and Psychology, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mazen Omar Almulla
- Department of Education and Psychology, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawharah Saleh Alsaqer
- Department of Education and Psychology, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Hassanein Mahmoud
- Department of Geography, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Geography, College of Arts, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Farouk Abdelgaed Allam
- Department of Education and Psychology, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tsai KZ, Liu PY, Lin YP, Chu CC, Huang WC, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Do the American guideline-based leisure time physical activity levels for civilians benefit the mental health of military personnel? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1255516. [PMID: 38034917 PMCID: PMC10682789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1255516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds This study aimed to clarify the association of American guideline-based leisure time physical activity (PA) level with mental health in 4,080 military personnel in Taiwan. Methods The moderate intensity PA level was assessed according to the total running time per week (wk) reported in a self-administered questionnaire over the previous 6 months and was categorized into PA level <150, 150-299, and ≥300 min/wk. Mental stress was assessed by the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS)-5 for which ≥15 points were classified as great mental stress. Suicide ideation (SI) was graded as 1 for mild, 2 for moderate, and 3 or 4 for severe. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between PA and mental health while adjusting for demographics, smoking, alcohol intake, betel nut chewing, and obesity. Results As compared to participants with a PA level of <150 min/wk., those with PA levels 150-299 min/wk. and ≥ 300 min/wk. had a lower possibility of SI ≥1 [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.58 (0.40-0.83) and 0.23 (0.14-0.36), respectively] and SI ≥1 and/or BSRS-5 ≥ 15 [ORs: 0.55 (0.39-0.79) and 0.21 (0.13-0.34), respectively]. The possibilities were more significantly lower for SI ≥2 [ORs: 0.37 (0.20-0.68) and 0.10 (0.04-0.26), respectively] and SI ≥2 and/or BSRS-5 ≥ 15 [ORs: 0.35 (0.20-0.62) and 0.10 (0.04-0.25), respectively]. Conclusion Our findings indicate that participating in moderate-intensity leisure time PA level for ≥150 min/wk. may have a positive effect on mental health among military personnel. The impact appears to be even more significant when engaging in a higher PA level of ≥300 min/wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Iversen ZA, Almagor Tikotzki M, Kurman J. Psychological resilience: Predictors and measurement among Israel Defense Force combat officer candidates. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:493-506. [PMID: 37903167 PMCID: PMC10617368 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2127986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to develop a resilience selection tool for combat officers that would augment the test battery at the Israel Defense Force (IDF) Officer Selection Center (OSC). To enable this goal, we sought to explore the underlying structure of resilience in a diverse number of resilience predictors. Participants were 1,533 male candidates at the IDF OSC. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, 159 items from 13 separate resilience scales were refined into a single, 18-item psychological resilience scale. The new scale emphasizes self-efficacy, competency and overall positive self-perception. The new scale is tailored specifically to military combat officers. Initial construct validity was demonstrated against Big Five dimensions and psychological evaluations at IDF OSC. Predictive validity was demonstrated against command and peer evaluations from IDF Officer Training School (OTS). Medium to strong positive correlations were found between the resilience scale and Big Five dimensions of Extroversion and Conscientiousness, as well as a medium negative correlation with Neuroticism. Low but significant correlations were found between the resilience measure and psychological evaluations of combat officer vocational congruence. Low but significant correlations were also found with command and peer evaluations from Officer Training School. Resilience scale scores were found to predict OTS commander evaluations, but not OTS peer evaluations, beyond standard OSC scores when controlling for demographic variables. The theoretical importance of findings as well as implications for military officer selection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenny Kurman
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Hellewell SC, Granger DA, Cernak I. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Results in Spatially Distinct Gray Matter Alteration Alongside Hormonal Alteration: A Preliminary Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076797. [PMID: 37047768 PMCID: PMC10094760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) frequently occurs during military training and deployment and has been linked to long-term neuropsychological and neurocognitive changes, and changes in brain structure. As military personnel experience frequent exposures to stress, BINT may negatively influence stress coping abilities. This study aimed to determine the effects of BINT on gray matter volume and hormonal alteration. Participants were Canadian Armed Forces personnel and veterans with a history of BINT (n = 12), and first responder controls (n = 8), recruited due to their characteristic occupational stress professions. Whole saliva was collected via passive drool on the morning of testing and analyzed for testosterone (pg/mL), cortisol (μg/dL), and testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to compare gray matter (GM) volume, alongside measurement of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Saliva analyses revealed distinct alterations following BINT, with significantly elevated testosterone and T/C ratio. Widespread and largely symmetric loci of reduced GM were found specific to BINT, particularly in the temporal gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. These findings suggest that BINT affects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axis function, and causes anatomically-specific GM loss, which were not observed in a comparator group with similar occupational stressors. These findings support BINT as a unique injury with distinct structural and endocrine consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ibolja Cernak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA 31902, USA
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:3487-3502. [PMID: 36000639 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christofoletti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Inês Amanda Streit
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia. Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus AM Brasil
| | | | - Gerfeson Mendonça
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Curso de Educação Física, Centro Universitário CESMAC. Maceió AL Brasil
| | - Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Camila Bosquiero Papini
- Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba MG Brasil
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Liang W, Fu J, Tian X, Tian J, Yang Y, Fan W, Du Z, Jin Z. Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake Improve Mental Health in Chinese Adolescence Aged 12-13. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:921605. [PMID: 35898442 PMCID: PMC9311423 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.921605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health has become a major public health issue worldwide. Biological and epidemiological studies have suggested that diet and physical fitness play a role in the prevention or cure of mental disorders. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between diet, physical fitness, and mental health. The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for promoting an adolescent healthy lifestyle and preventing mental problems by exploring the relationship between physical fitness, calcium intake, calorie intake, and adolescent mental health. Methods A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents (N = 253, 12-13 years) was conducted. The study involved adolescents from three middle schools in Central Jiangsu Province, including 136 boys and 117 girls. Weight, height, and body mass index were measured. Physical fitness was scored using the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard. Diet data were collected using a weighed 7-day food diary to estimate energy intake and dietary calcium intake. The mental health status of the participants was assessed using the Chinese Middle School Student Mental Health Scale. A T-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the differences of variables between different genders and body mass index, and Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness, dietary intake, and mental health. Results The height (165.13 ± 8.07), weight (55.24 ± 13.00), and strength quality (64.93 ± 21.66) of boys are higher than those of girls (161.67 ± 6.44,48.99 ± 8.97, 58.40 ± 23.75, P < 0.05), and the flexibility quality (74.59 ± 14.75) of girls is higher than that of boys (68.30 ± 20.84) (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the total scores of speed and physical fitness (F values were 4.02187.73, 3.07, 5.95, 10.33, and 9.52, respectively, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between calcium intake, cardiopulmonary fitness, and mental health (r = 0.276, P < 0.01; r = 0.159, P < 0.05). Calcium intake and cardiopulmonary fitness could explain 8.4% of the changes in the mental health of adolescents aged 12-13(ΔR2 = 0.084, P < 0.05). Conclusion Adequate calcium intake and the improvement of cardiopulmonary fitness in adolescents aged 12-13 are essential for the good development of their mental health. Future research in this field should examine the prospective associations between multiple measures of physical fitness composition and other nutrients ingested and mental health outcomes, as well as intervention studies that seek to provide evidence of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxue Tian
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wencui Fan
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Du
- Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheyu Jin
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Occupational Physical Activity Was Associated With Disability Levels at 6-Month Follow-Up of Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:409-416. [PMID: 35551113 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity plays an important role in the prognosis of chronic low back pain (LBP); however, whether physical activity predicts pain intensity and disability remains unknown. This study investigated whether objective and subjective physical activity measures predict pain intensity and disability levels 6 months later in patients with chronic LBP. METHODS Patients with chronic LBP seeking care at 2 outpatient physiotherapy clinics were recruited. At baseline assessment, we collected anthropometric/sociodemographic data, duration of symptoms, pain intensity, disability, and physical activity (accelerometer and questionnaire). After 6 months, we reassessed pain and disability. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of physical activity measures with pain and disability at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 179 patients with chronic LBP were included. High occupational physical activity at baseline predicted disability at 6-month follow-up (B = 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 2.21) after controlling for age and baseline disability, meaning that for every 1-point increase in occupational physical activity, disability increased on average by 1.22 point. The remaining physical activity measures showed no association with pain intensity or disability at follow-up. CONCLUSION Higher perceived levels of occupational physical activity predicted higher disability levels at 6-month follow-up in patients with chronic LBP.
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Soteriades ES, Vogazianos P, Tozzi F, Antoniades A, Economidou EC, Psalta L, Spanoudis G. Exercise and Occupational Stress among Firefighters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4986. [PMID: 35564381 PMCID: PMC9101080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential association between physical activity and occupational stress among firefighters. Data were collected from Cypriot firefighters through a web-based battery of internationally validated questionnaires completed anonymously (COPSOQ, DASS). A total of 430 firefighters (response rate 68%) completed the survey (age range: 21-60 years). More than half of the firefighters (54%) reported either no or minimal physical activity. A total of 11% of firefighters reported moderate to extremely severe stress based on the DASS-S scale. Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, we showed that firefighters who exercised had 50% lower risk of occupational stress, and using a categorical model, we found that every hour per week of increased physical activity among firefighters was associated with 16% lower risk of occupational stress after adjusting for age, education, smoking, and body mass index (OR = 1.16; p = 0.05). In addition, our findings suggest an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and occupational stress among firefighters. Physical activity appears to be inversely associated with occupational stress and serves as an important mitigating factor of occupational stress in firefighters. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential effect of exercise interventions on occupational stress, and the overall mental health of firefighters and other occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paris Vogazianos
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (F.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Lilia Psalta
- School of Sciences, UCLan Cyprus, Larnaka 7080, Cyprus;
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - George Spanoudis
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
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Heinrich KM, Streetman AE, Kukić F, Fong C, Hollerbach BS, Goodman BD, Haddock CK, Poston WSC. Baseline Physical Activity Behaviors and Relationships with Fitness in the Army Training at High Intensity Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7010027. [PMID: 35323610 PMCID: PMC8954232 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
United States Army soldiers must meet physical fitness test standards. Criticisms of the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) include limited testing of only aerobic and muscular endurance activity domains; yet, it is unclear what levels of aerobic and muscle strengthening activity may help predict performance in aspects of the new Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). This study explored relationships between baseline self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and APFT- and ACFT-related performance. Baseline participant data (N = 123) were from a cluster-randomized clinical trial that recruited active-duty military personnel (mean age 33.7 ± 5.7 years, 72.4% White, 87.0% college-educated, 81.5% Officers). An online survey was used for self-report of socio-demographic characteristics and weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity behaviors. Participants also completed the APFT (2 min push-ups, 2 min sit-ups, 2-mile run) and ACFT-related measures (1-repetition maximum deadlift, pull-up repetitions or timed flexed arm hang, horizontal jump, and dummy drag). Bivariate logistic regression found greater aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity predicted better APFT performance, while better ACFT-related performance was predicted by greater muscle-strengthening activity. Although our data are mostly from mid-career officers, command policies should emphasize the new Holistic Health and Fitness initiative that encourages regular aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity for soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-785-532-0706
| | - Aspen E. Streetman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Filip Kukić
- Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police, Abu Dhabi 253, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chunki Fong
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY 10027, USA;
- NDRI-USA, New York, NY 10001, USA; (B.S.H.); (C.K.H.); (W.S.C.P.)
| | | | - Blake D. Goodman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (A.E.S.); (B.D.G.)
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Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Taiwanese Air Force Personnel: A Population-Based Study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 35:502-511. [PMID: 32732778 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Authors of several studies have reported differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women. However, information is lacking on gender difference among military personnel. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of MetS and its component abnormalities among Taiwanese Air Force personnel by gender and age groups. METHODS A population-based study was conducted including 14 872 Taiwanese Air Force personnel. Data were retrieved from the military's Health Management Information System. Analyses were performed using Student t test, χ test, and linear-by-linear χ test. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. RESULTS The MetS prevalence was 14.0% (15.1% in men and 5.3% in women). Metabolic syndrome was associated with age for both men and women (both Ptrend < .001), with a greater prevalence of MetS in men aged 18 to 44 years than in women, but not in the age group of 45 years or older. In men, MetS was most prevalent in those with increased waist circumference (78.2%), followed by those with elevated blood pressure (75.6%). By contrast, in women, it was most prevalent in those with increased waist circumference (86.5%), followed by those with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (84.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that military nurses and other health providers should consider the gender- and age-based MetS prevalence trend among Taiwanese Air Force personnel when designing interventions to identify vulnerable subgroups at a high risk of MetS. Health management programs should be adapted to minimize metabolic risks.
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Cárdenas D, Madinabeitia I, Alarcón F, Perales JC. Does Emotion Regulation Predict Gains in Exercise-Induced Fitness? A Prospective Mixed-Effects Study with Elite Helicopter Pilots. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114174. [PMID: 32545365 PMCID: PMC7312943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is a strong predictor of different aspects of mental health and wellbeing. However, only recently has ER been examined in relation to physical activity and its effects on fitness. In the present study, 26 elite helicopter pilots, serving in the Spanish Air Force, were physically trained for 6 months, and their level of fitness (maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion in a treadmill-running test) was assessed before and after that period. Additionally, two indices of emotion regulation (general adaptiveness of ER strategies, as measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and negative urgency, as measured by the UPPS-P questionnaire) measured at baseline were used as prospective predictors of fitness improvement. After controlling for individual features, baseline fitness, and type of training, better emotion regulation strategies (more cognitive reappraisal plus less expressive suppression) predicted larger fitness gains (p = 0.028). Incidental emotion regulation, as measured by the negative urgency index, failed to predict pre–post-fitness changes (p = 0.734). These results suggest that fostering emotion regulation skills may improve the effectiveness of fitness training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Iker Madinabeitia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Alarcón
- Department of Didactic General and Specific Training, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Ojanen T, Häkkinen K, Vasankari T, Kyröläinen H. Changes in Physical Performance During 21 d of Military Field Training in Warfighters. Mil Med 2019; 183:e174-e181. [PMID: 29420780 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have reported the amount of physical activity (PA) and its associations to physical performance of warfighters during military field training (MFT). The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in neuromuscular performance and PA among male Finnish Army conscripts during a 21-d MFT and to evaluate their recovery during 4 d after MFT. Methods Body composition and physical performance were measured four times during the study (before MFT (PRE), after 12 d (MID), post training (POST) and after 4 d of recovery (RECO)). PA was measured throughout MFT in a group of healthy young male conscripts (n=49) by using a tri-axial accelerometer. The study was approved by the Finnish Defence Forces and was granted ethics approval by the Ethics Committee of the University of Jyväskylä. Results Body mass declined significantly from 73.5 ± 8.7 to 71.6 ± 8.2 kg, but it recovered close to the PRE values (73.0 ± 8.3 kg). The same trend was also found in skeletal muscle mass and fat mass. The change in body mass and in skeletal muscle mass correlated negatively with the change in vigorous physical activity (r = -0.374, p = 0.016, and r = -0.337, p = 0.031, respectively). Muscular endurance decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in sit-ups from the PRE (46 ± 9 reps/min) values compared with MID (40 ± 8 reps/min), POST (42 ± 8 reps/min), and RECO (34 ± 11 reps/min) values. Also in push-ups, the declines in the POST (34 ± 10 reps/min) and RECO (34 ± 13 reps/min) values (p < 0.001) from the PRE (40 ± 13 reps/min) and MID (39 ± 12 reps/min) values were observed. There was a significant decrease in a standing long jump in all measurement points MID (220 ± 20 cm), POST (216 ± 20 cm), and RECO (213 ± 20 cm) as compared with the PRE values (229 ± 23 cm, p < 0.001). There was no change in 3.2 km loaded march time between the PRE (23:57 ± 4:12 min:s) and POST (23:44 ± 5:02 min:s) measurement time points. In PA, the total number of steps per day was significantly (p < 0.001) greater during ST (13,722 ± 2,379 steps) and MFT (13,937 ± 2,276 steps) than during garrison days (9,550 ± 2,569 steps). In POST, there was significantly (p < 0.001) more light (1.5-3.0 metabolic equivalent) (2:34:38 ± 0:22:53 h:min:s in ST and 3:03:27 ± 0:23:24 h:min:s in MFT) and moderate (3.0-6.0 metabolic equivalent) (2:12:15 ± 0:23:14 h:min:s in ST and 2:47:59 ± 0:27:23 h:min:s in MFT) PA than in the PRE measurements. Conclusion This study demonstrated slight decrements in warfighter physical performance during the 21-d MFT. The conscripts were overloaded during MFT, but 4 d of recovery seemed not to be enough to obtain the PRE measurement values in physical performance. This study also showed changes in the muscular endurance levels and PA during the 21-d MFT. It is important for warfighters to have a good physical fitness level PRE training or combat. As the prolonged MFT may have adverse effects in warfighters muscular endurance and PA levels, it is important to have sufficient recovery time after long MFT to regain combat readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Ojanen
- Finnish Defence Research Agency, Finnish Defence Forces, P.O. Box 5, 04401 Järvenpää, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.,National Defence University, P.O. Box 7, 00861 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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BEAN CG, WINEFIELD HR, HUTCHINSON AD, SARGENT C, SHI Z. Unique associations of the Job Demand-Control-Support model subscales with leisure-time physical activity and dietary energy intake. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:99-117. [PMID: 30068894 PMCID: PMC6363581 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and dietary energy intake are two important health behaviours, which at too low or high levels respectively, are associated with overweight and obesity. This study explores associations between subscales of the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, LTPA and dietary energy intake. A cross-sectional design sampled current employees (N=433) from a South Australian cohort using a computer-assisted telephone interview and a self-completed food frequency questionnaire. In analyses adjusted for sex, age, and sociodemographic variables, higher levels of skill discretion were associated with increased odds for attaining sufficient physical activity (OR=2.45; 95% CI=1.10-5.47). Higher levels of decision authority were associated with reduced odds (OR=0.43; 95% CI=0.20-0.93) for being in the highest tertile of daily energy intake. Higher scores for coworker support were associated with increased odds (OR=2.20; 95% CI=1.15-4.23) for being in the highest tertile of daily energy intake. These findings support the consideration of the individual JDCS subscales, since this practice may reveal novel associations with health behaviour outcomes, thereby presenting new opportunities to improve employee health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. BEAN
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala
University, Sweden
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Amanda D. HUTCHINSON
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy,
University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Charli SARGENT
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central
Queensland University, Australia
| | - Zumin SHI
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide,
Australia
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar
University, Qatar
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16
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Cárdenas D, Madinabeitia I, Vera J, Perales JC, García-Ramos A, Ortega E, Catena-Verdejo E, Catena A. Strength, Affect Regulation, and Subcortical Morphology in Military Pilots. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 50:722-728. [PMID: 29166323 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown links of body composition and fitness measures with brain structure, as well as with different aspects of emotional adjustment and well-being. However, the possible role of trait emotion-regulation success in the relationship between fitness/body composition and emotion-related subcortical structures has never been directly addressed. METHODS Twenty-three elite helicopter pilots were assessed in fat mass percentage, an endurance test to volitional exhaustion, bench-press power output, and negative urgency (trait affect regulation failure). Their brains were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging to estimate the size of the accumbens/amygdala, considered together, and the thalamus. Resulting correlations were used to test the relationship between body composition/fitness measures and brain structures' size, and the role of negative urgency therein, using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Fat mass percentage was associated with the size of the thalamus and the amygdala/accumbens. In the latter case, negative urgency and bench-press power output predicted structure size (and explained the effect of fat mass percentage away). In other words, bench-press power output and emotion regulation success (but not endurance performance) were associated with a larger amygdala/accumbens size. CONCLUSIONS Bench-press power output and emotion regulation success are independently associated with a larger amygdala/accumbens size, although present evidence does not allow for determination of causal directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Iker Madinabeitia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Jesús Vera
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - José C Perales
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Elvira Catena-Verdejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
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White RL, Babic MJ, Parker PD, Lubans DR, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:653-666. [PMID: 28153647 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mental health benefits of physical activity are well established. However, less is known about whether the relationship between physical activity and mental health is consistent across different life domains. It is important to understand how context may influence the relationship between physical activity and mental health so that interventions and policy guidelines can be tailored to maximize positive effects. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In 2015, systematic searches of four databases identified 13,435 records, of which 98 studies met the inclusion criteria. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Included studies were published between 1988 and 2015 and had a combined sample size of 648,726. Of the 98 included studies, 93 examined leisure-time physical activity, 14 examined work-related physical activity, 15 examined transport physical activity, 16 examined household physical activity, three examined school sport, and three examined physical education. Multi-level meta-analyses showed that leisure-time physical activity (r =0.13) and transport physical activity (r =0.13) both had a positive association with mental health. Leisure-time physical activity (r = -0.11) and school sport (r = -0.09) both had an inverse association with mental ill-health. However, physical activity was not consistently associated with lower mental ill-health across domains, as work-related physical activity was positively associated with mental ill-health (r =0.09). Household physical activity and participation in physical education had no relationship with mental health or mental ill-health. CONCLUSIONS The domain in which physical activity occurs influences the relationship between physical activity and mental health and should, therefore, be considered when developing interventions, treatment programs, and policy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Lee White
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark J Babic
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia.
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Brooks SK, Greenberg N. Non-deployment factors affecting psychological wellbeing in military personnel: literature review. J Ment Health 2017; 27:80-90. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1276536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Brooks
- King’s College London, King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- King’s College London, King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
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Sargent C, Gebruers C, O’Mahony J. A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring. Mil Med Res 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 28116111 PMCID: PMC5242023 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-016-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Naval cohorts rely heavily on personnel to ensure the efficient running of naval organisations. As such, the wellbeing of personnel is essential. In an occupational setting, naval service personnel experience a variety of physiological and psychological stressors. Most naval services arrange annual physical fitness and body composition tests to ensure the physical readiness of personnel. However, these tests only evaluate a small amount of physiological capabilities. Components such as aerobic and strength capabilities are assessed, however, other components of physical fitness such as speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and flexibility are not. In addition to the physical capabilities, personnel are impacted by fatigue, nutrition and psychological stressors such as copping in stressful situations or dealing with time away from family and friends. This review will discuss the physiological and psychological factors that affect personnel's wellbeing. In addition to this, it will also evaluate the methods that are used to assess both physiological and psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna Sargent
- Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork Ireland
| | - Cormac Gebruers
- National Maritime College of Ireland, Ringaskiddy, Cork Ireland
| | - Jim O’Mahony
- Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork Ireland
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20
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Fisher TF, Waterman BR, Orr JD, Holland CA, Bader J, Belmont PJ. Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy for Patellar Chondral Pathology in an Active United States Military Population. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:2342-2349. [PMID: 27234651 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify rates of perioperative complications, secondary surgery, subjective pain relief, and knee-related medical separation in an active military population after a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) for the primary indication of chondral pathology. METHODS All active-duty service members undergoing TTO with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up were isolated from the Military Health System database. The exclusion criteria were patients with patellar instability, other periarticular osteotomy, and insufficient follow-up. Demographic information and surgical characteristics were abstracted from the electronic health record and correlated with improvement in pain and medical discharge from the military. RESULTS A total of 76 patients (86 knees) who underwent TTO for patellofemoral chondromalacia were identified with a mean age of 32.3 years. Major and minor complications occurred in four patients (4.7%) and three patients (3.5%), respectively, and the overall improvement in the visual analog scale score after TTO was 1.5 (P < .0001). At a mean follow-up of 3.4 years (range, 2.0 to 7.3 years), 37% of patients were unable to return to modified military activity because of knee-related limitations. Junior military rank group (P = .0084), age younger than 35 years (P = .0031), bilateral TTO procedures (P = .0294), and tobacco use (P = .0218; odds ratio, 3.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 9.12) were risk factors for medical separation, whereas absence of concomitant chondral repair (P = .5408), previous knee procedures (P = .9674), and greater occupational demands (P = .7062) were not. CONCLUSIONS At short-term to midterm follow-up, 63% of patients successfully returned to military function with a low rate of perioperative complications (8%). The postoperative decrease in pain after TTO is of unknown clinical significance. Age younger than 35 years, junior military rank, bilateral TTO procedures, and tobacco use were significant risk factors for medical separation, whereas absence of concomitant cartilage repair, previous knee procedures, and lower occupational demands were not associated with improved visual analog scale scores or prevention of knee-related medical discharge. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuesday F Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Brian R Waterman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A..
| | - Justin D Orr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Courtney A Holland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Julia Bader
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Philip J Belmont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A
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Azad-Marzabadi E, Gholami Fesharaki M. Job Stress and Related Factors Among Iranian Male Staff Using a Path Analysis Model. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e34314. [PMID: 27621934 PMCID: PMC5006310 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.34314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, job stress has been cited as a risk factor for some diseases. OBJECTIVES Given the importance of this subject, we established a new model for classifying job stress among Iranian male staff using path analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was done on male staff in Tehran, Iran, 2013. The participants in the study were selected using a proportional stratum sampling method. The tools used included nine questionnaires (1- HSE questionnaire; 2- GHQ questionnaire; 3- Beck depression inventory; 4- Framingham personality type; 5- Azad-Fesharaki's physical activity questionnaire; 6- Adult attachment style questionnaire; 7- Azad socioeconomic questionnaire; 8- Job satisfaction survey; and 9- demographic questionnaire). RESULTS A total of 575 individuals (all male) were recruited for the study. Their mean (±SD) age was 33.49 (±8.9) and their mean job experience was 12.79 (±8.98) years. The pathway of job stress among Iranian male staff showed an adequate model fit (RMSEA=0.021, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.97, P=0.136). In addition, the total effect of variables like personality type (β=0.283), job satisfaction (β=0.287), and age (β=0.108) showed a positive relationship with job stress, while variables like general health (β=-0.151) and depression (β=-0.242) showed the reverse effect on job stress. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, we can conclude that our suggested model is suited to explaining the pathways of stress among Iranian male staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esfandiar Azad-Marzabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Esfandiar Azad-Marzabadi, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182883578, Fax: +98-2182883578, E-mail:
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Paxinos O, Karavasili A, Delimpasis G, Stathi A. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis in 100 Athletically Active Veteran Soccer Players Compared With a Matched Group of 100 Military Personnel. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:1447-54. [PMID: 26933134 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516629648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although knee injuries in professional soccer (football) have been extensively studied, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in veteran players is not well documented. PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of knee OA in retired professional soccer players in comparison with a group of athletically active military personnel. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A group of 100 veteran Greek soccer players aged 35 to 55 years (mean [±SD] age, 46.90 ± 5.9 years) were examined for knee OA and were administered the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. A matched group of 100 athletically active military personnel served as a comparison group. RESULTS The sonographic prevalence of OA was significantly higher in the veteran soccer group (52%) than in the military group (33%) (n = 200; P = .010). This difference remained significant even after excluding participants with a history of knee surgery (44.1% vs 25.3%, respectively) (n = 151; P = .010). Femoral cartilage thickness was similar between the 2 groups (P = .473), while altered knee alignment had no effect on the prevalence of OA (P = .740). With the exception of perceived pain being more prevalent in the military group, there were no other statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in KOOS values. CONCLUSION Veteran soccer players had a higher sonographic prevalence of knee OA but better pain scores than a matched group of athletically active military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Paxinos
- Orthopedic Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Delimpasis
- Orthopedic Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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23
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Glenn KR, Slaughter JC, Fowke JH, Buchowski MS, Matthews CE, Signorello LB, Blot WJ, Lipworth L. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and all-cause mortality among blacks and whites with diabetes. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:649-55. [PMID: 26141652 PMCID: PMC4602000 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study objective was to examine the role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) on mortality risk among a population of low-income adults with diabetes. METHODS Black (n = 11,137) and white (n = 4508) men and women with diabetes from the Southern Community Cohort Study self-reported total PA levels and total ST. Participants were categorized into quartiles of total PA and total ST. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for subsequent mortality risk were estimated from Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS During follow-up, 2370 participants died. The multivariable risk of mortality was lower among participants in the highest quartile of PA compared with those in the lowest quartile (HR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.57-0.73). Mortality risk was significantly increased among participants in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of ST after adjusting for PA (HR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.08-1.37). Across sex and race groups, similar trends of decreasing mortality with rising PA and increasing mortality with rising ST were observed. CONCLUSIONS Although causality cannot be established from these observational data, the current findings suggest that increasing PA and decreasing ST may help extend survival among individuals with diabetes irrespective of race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Glenn
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Abstract
Military service differs from civilian jobs in the stressors that service members experience, including frequent deployments (eg, to an area of combat operations), obedience, regimentation, subordination of self to the group, integrity, and flexibility. The military culture emphasizes teamwork and peer support. In some cases, service members cannot adapt to military life, become overwhelmed by stress, or cannot overcome a traumatic experience. Clinicians should conduct a thorough evaluation guided by an understanding of the military culture. Every effort should be made to identify the stress and the maladaptive response and provide early clinical interventions to prevent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregory Lande
- Medical Corps (RET), US Army, USA; Psychiatry Continuity Service, Department of Psychiatry, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Building 8, 4th Floor, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA.
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