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Pasha MA, Hopp RJ, Habib N, Tang DD. Biomarkers in asthma, potential for therapeutic intervention. J Asthma 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38805392 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2361783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple phenotypes with varying risk factors and therapeutic responses. This Commentary describes research on biomarkers for T2-"high" and T2-"low" inflammation, a hallmark of the disease. Patients with asthma who exhibit an increase in airway T2 inflammation are classified as having T2-high asthma. In this endotype, Type 2 cytokines interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, plus other inflammatory mediators, lead to increased eosinophilic inflammation and elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). In contrast, T2-low asthma has no clear definition. Biomarkers are considered valuable tools as they can help identify various phenotypes and endotypes, as well as treatment response to standard treatment or potential therapeutic targets, particularly for biologics. As our knowledge of phenotypes and endotypes expands, biologics are increasingly integrated into treatment strategies for severe asthma. These treatments block specific inflammatory pathways or single mediators. While single or composite biomarkers may help to identify subsets of patients who might benefit from these treatments, only a few inflammatory biomarkers have been validated for clinical application. One example is sputum eosinophilia, a particularly useful biomarker, as it may suggest corticosteroid responsiveness or reflect non-compliance to inhaled corticosteroids. As knowledge develops, a meaningful goal would be to provide individualized care to patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asghar Pasha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Russell J Hopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of NE Medical Center and Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nazia Habib
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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2
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Ptaschinski C, Zhu D, Fonseca W, Lukacs NW. Stem cell factor inhibition reduces Th2 inflammation and cellular infiltration in a mouse model of eosinophilic esophagitis. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:727-739. [PMID: 37557983 PMCID: PMC10680063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a T helper (Th)2-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized endoscopically by eosinophilic infiltration leading to fibrosis of the esophagus. Stem cell factor (SCF), a multifunctional cytokine, is upregulated in several allergic diseases, including in patients with EoE. Mast cells and eosinophils express c-kit, the cell surface receptor for SCF, and have been found to play an important role in EoE. Therefore, we investigated whether blocking SCF represents a potential therapeutic approach for EoE. Esophageal inflammation was induced in mice using peanut allergen. In mice with experimental EoE, we found that SCF was upregulated in the esophageal tissue. In EoE mice injected with a polyclonal antibody specific for SCF, we observed a decrease in both mast cells and eosinophils by histological and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, Th2 cytokines in the esophagus were decreased in anti-SCF treated mice, as were levels of Th2 cytokines from lung-draining and esophageal lymph nodes. Serum levels of peanut-specific immunoglobulin E were reduced following treatment with anti-SCF. In Kitlf/f-Col1-Cre-ERT mice, which have SCF deleted primarily in myofibroblasts that develop in EoE, we observed similar results as the anti-SCF treated animals for inflammatory cell accumulation, cytokines, and histopathology. These results indicate that therapeutic treatments targeting SCF can reduce allergic inflammation in EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Diana Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Kazakov AS, Deryusheva EI, Rastrygina VA, Sokolov AS, Permyakova ME, Litus EA, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Interaction of S100A6 Protein with the Four-Helical Cytokines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1345. [PMID: 37759746 PMCID: PMC10526228 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 is a family of over 20 structurally homologous, but functionally diverse regulatory (calcium/zinc)-binding proteins of vertebrates. The involvement of S100 proteins in numerous vital (patho)physiological processes is mediated by their interaction with various (intra/extra)cellular protein partners, including cell surface receptors. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed the ability of specific S100 proteins to modulate cell signaling via direct interaction with cytokines. Previously, we revealed the binding of ca. 71% of the four-helical cytokines via the S100P protein, due to the presence in its molecule of a cytokine-binding site overlapping with the binding site for the S100P receptor. Here, we show that another S100 protein, S100A6 (that has a pairwise sequence identity with S100P of 35%), specifically binds numerous four-helical cytokines. We have studied the affinity of the recombinant forms of 35 human four-helical cytokines from all structural families of this fold to Ca2+-loaded recombinant human S100A6, using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. S100A6 recognizes 26 of the cytokines from all families of this fold, with equilibrium dissociation constants from 0.3 nM to 12 µM. Overall, S100A6 interacts with ca. 73% of the four-helical cytokines studied to date, with a selectivity equivalent to that for the S100P protein, with the differences limited to the binding of interleukin-2 and oncostatin M. The molecular docking study evidences the presence in the S100A6 molecule of a cytokine-binding site, analogous to that found in S100P. The findings argue the presence in some of the promiscuous members of the S100 family of a site specific to a wide range of four-helical cytokines. This unique feature of the S100 proteins potentially allows them to modulate the activity of the numerous four-helical cytokines in the disorders accompanied by an excessive release of the cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kazakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Victoria A. Rastrygina
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Andrey S. Sokolov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Permyakova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Litus
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
- Department of Molecular, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eugene A. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Sergei E. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
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Thio CLP, Chang YJ. The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1872-1884. [PMID: 37696890 PMCID: PMC10545775 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has added another layer of complexity to the etiology of this chronic disease. Through their inherent innate type 2 responses, ILC2s not only contribute to the initiation of airway inflammation but also orchestrate the recruitment and activation of other members of innate and adaptive immunity, further amplifying the inflammatory response. Moreover, ILC2s exhibit substantial cytokine plasticity, as evidenced by their ability to produce type 1- or type 17-associated cytokines under appropriate conditions, underscoring their potential contribution to nonallergic, neutrophilic asthma. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ILC2 functions is pertinent. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on ILC2s in asthma and the regulatory factors that modulate lung ILC2 functions in various experimental mouse models of asthma and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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Mashayekhi F, Shabani S, Sasani ST, Salehi Z. The association of stem cell factor and soluble c-Kit (s-cKit) receptor serum concentrations with the severity and risk prediction of autism spectrum disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:619-624. [PMID: 35023029 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
S tem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor (c-kit) signaling play important role in normal brain physiology including neurogenesis, synapse formation and spatial learning function of the hippocampal region of the brain. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is believed to result from abnormal development of neuronal networks and synaptic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the SCF and its soluble receptor (s-ckit) serum concentrations in ASD. We also studied the serum SCF and s-ckit concentration with the severity of ASD (Levels 1-3; Mild, Moderate and severe, respectively). Ninety five patients with ASD (Mild; n=33, Moderate; n=32 and severe; n=30) and 82 normal controls age matched were included in this study. The serum concentration of SCF and s-ckit were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The SCF serum concentration in control subjects was 3.45±1.06 ng/ml and in ASD was 3.41±0.92 ng/ml (P=0.88). The serum levels of s-ckit in control and ASD groups were 56.82±13.22 ng/ml and 67.11±12.00, respectively (P=001). We have also studied serum SCF and s-ckit concentrations with the severity of ASD. The serum concentration of SCF in mild, moderate and severe ASD groups was 3.45±0.93, 3.4±0.87 and 3.43±0.98 ng/ml, respectively (P>0.05) and for s-ckit was 48.77±9.28, 61.66±12.18 and 93.11±14.81ng/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The result of this study suggests that serum s-cKit concentrations may provide a reliable and practical indicator of ASD and positively correlated with disease severity. It is also concluded that s-cKit might be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zivar Salehi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Georas SN, Wright RJ, Ivanova A, Israel E, LaVange LM, Akuthota P, Carr TF, Denlinger LC, Fajt ML, Kumar R, O'Neal WK, Phipatanakul W, Szefler SJ, Aronica MA, Bacharier LB, Burbank AJ, Castro M, Crotty Alexander L, Bamdad J, Cardet JC, Comhair SAA, Covar RA, DiMango EA, Erwin K, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaffin JM, Gaston B, Gerald LB, Hoffman EA, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, James J, Jarjour NN, Kenyon NJ, Khatri S, Kirwan JP, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, Liu AH, Liu MC, Marquis MA, Martinez F, Mey J, Moore WC, Moy JN, Ortega VE, Peden DB, Pennington E, Peters MC, Ross K, Sanchez M, Smith LJ, Sorkness RL, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR, Zein J, Zeki AA, Noel P. The Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone (PrecISE) Asthma Network: An overview of Network organization, procedures, and interventions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:488-516.e9. [PMID: 34848210 PMCID: PMC8821377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that impact disease persistence and severity. Recent progress has been made in developing targeted asthma therapeutics, especially for subjects with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is an unmet need for new approaches to treat patients with severe and exacerbation-prone asthma, who contribute disproportionately to disease burden. Extensive deep phenotyping has revealed the heterogeneous nature of severe asthma and identified distinct disease subtypes. A current challenge in the field is to translate new and emerging knowledge about different pathobiologic mechanisms in asthma into patient-specific therapies, with the ultimate goal of modifying the natural history of disease. Here, we describe the Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone Asthma (PrecISE) Network, a groundbreaking collaborative effort of asthma researchers and biostatisticians from around the United States. The PrecISE Network was designed to conduct phase II/proof-of-concept clinical trials of precision interventions in the population with severe asthma, and is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Using an innovative adaptive platform trial design, the PrecISE Network will evaluate up to 6 interventions simultaneously in biomarker-defined subgroups of subjects. We review the development and organizational structure of the PrecISE Network, and choice of interventions being studied. We hope that the PrecISE Network will enhance our understanding of asthma subtypes and accelerate the development of therapeutics for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine & Allergy & Immunology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lisa M LaVange
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Allison J Burbank
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mario Castro
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Laura Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Julie Bamdad
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim Erwin
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Design, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - John V Fahy
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Benjamin Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - John James
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Sumita Khatri
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark C Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - M Alison Marquis
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jacob Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - James N Moy
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael C Peters
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kristie Ross
- The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maria Sanchez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Ronald L Sorkness
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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Kefayat A, Amouheidari A, Ghahremani F, Alirezaei Z. Diagnostic and prognostic value of stem cell factor plasma level in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5154-5162. [PMID: 34250760 PMCID: PMC8335833 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Investigation of novel blood‐circulating agents as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients’ diagnosis and monitoring has gained lots of attention, due to limitations of imaging modalities and invasive tissue biopsy procedures. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of preoperative stem cell factor (SCF) plasma level in GBM patients. Methods Preoperative plasma samples from 58 GBM patients and 20 patients with nonglial tumors and 30 healthy controls were obtained. SCF levels were measured by employing the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test and the values were compared between these three groups. Then, the association of SCF plasma level and tumor volume, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for the GBM patients were evaluated. Results Mean preoperative SCF plasma level of the GBM patients (2.80 ± 1.52 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy controls (0.80 ± 0.24 ng/ml) and patients with nonglial tumor (1.41 ± 0.76 ng/ml). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the preoperative SCF plasma level could distinguish the GBM patients from healthy controls and patients with nonglial tumors with the area under curve values of 0.915 and 0.790, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between the GBM patients’ preoperative SCF plasma levels and tumors’ volume (Spearman Rho correlation coefficient, 0.1847; 95% CI, p = 0.1652). The GBM patients were divided into two subgroups based on mean preoperative SCF plasma levels (2.80 ng/ml). No significant difference was observed between the patients’ PFS (p = 0.3792) and OS (p = 0.1469) at these two subgroups. Conclusion Taking together, the SCF plasma level can serve as a novel diagnostic blood‐circulating biomarker for patients with GBM. However, its plasma level is not correlated with GBM patients’ tumor volume, PFS, or OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Alirezaei
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Chung S, Sicklick JK, Ray P, Hall DA. Development of a Soluble KIT Electrochemical Aptasensor for Cancer Theranostics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1971-1979. [PMID: 34008963 PMCID: PMC8785434 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on a conformation-changing aptamer is reported to detect soluble KIT, a cancer biomarker, in human serum. The sensor was fabricated with a ferrocene-labeled aptamer (Kd < 5 nM) conjugated to a gold electrode. Quantitative KIT detection was achieved using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). EIS was used to optimize experimental parameters such as the aptamer-to-spacer ratio, aptamer immobilization time, pH, and KIT incubation time, and the sensor surface was characterized using voltammetry. The assay specificity was demonstrated using interfering species and exhibited high specificity toward the target protein. The aptasensor showed a wide dynamic range, 10 pg/mL-100 ng/mL in buffer, with a 1.15 pg/mL limit of detection. The sensor also has a linear response to KIT spiked in human serum and successfully detected KIT in cancer-cell-conditioned media. The proposed aptasensor has applications as a continuous or intermittent approach for cancer therapy monitoring and diagnostics (theranostics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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9
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Baek SH, Foer D, Cahill KN, Israel E, Maiorino E, Röhl A, Boyce JA, Weiss ST. Systems Approaches to Treatment Response to Imatinib in Severe Asthma: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:240. [PMID: 33805900 PMCID: PMC8064376 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an acute need for advances in pharmacologic therapies and a better understanding of novel drug targets for severe asthma. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to improve forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in a clinical trial of patients with severe asthma. In a pilot study, we applied systems biology approaches to epithelium gene expression from these clinical trial patients treated with imatinib to better understand lung function response with imatinib treatment. Bronchial brushings from ten imatinib-treated patient samples and 14 placebo-treated patient samples were analyzed. We used personalized perturbation profiles (PEEPs) to characterize gene expression patterns at the individual patient level. We found that strong responders-patients with greater than 20% increase in FEV1-uniquely shared multiple downregulated mitochondrial-related pathways. In comparison, weak responders (5-10% FEV1 increase), and non-responders to imatinib shared none of these pathways. The use of PEEP highlights its potential for application as a systems biology tool to develop individual-level approaches to predicting disease phenotypes and response to treatment in populations needing innovative therapies. These results support a role for mitochondrial pathways in airflow limitation in severe asthma and as potential therapeutic targets in larger clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Baek
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.B.); (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Dinah Foer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.I.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Katherine N. Cahill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.I.); (J.A.B.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Enrico Maiorino
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.B.); (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Annika Röhl
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.B.); (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.I.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.B.); (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.T.W.)
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10
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Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Kalmarzi RN, Foroutan A, Abdi M, Ataee P, Jalili A, Babaei E, Kashefi H, Mohamadi S, Sigari N, Kooti W. Serum level of stem cell factor and its soluble receptor in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1283-1291. [PMID: 31530062 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Stem cell factor (SCF) may be associated with inflammatory processes leading to aspirin-induced asthma. This study evaluated the relationship between serum level of SCF and its soluble receptor with aspirin-induced asthma. Methods & materials: Twenty-five patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The concentration of SCF and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (C-kit) was determined in serum samples. Spirometry and rhinometry were performed to determine the severity of the disease. p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The serum levels of SCF and C-kit receptor were significantly higher in the case group. The serum SCF and C-kit level had a significant positive correlation with the severity of asthma, disease duration and nasal obstruction. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SCF and C-kit receptors have a direct effect on the severity of aspirin-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Nasiri Kalmarzi
- Lung Diseases & Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Aida Foroutan
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan, University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Pedram Ataee
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan Universityof Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Erfan Babaei
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hajar Kashefi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shilan Mohamadi
- Lung Diseases & Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Naseh Sigari
- Lung Diseases & Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Lung Diseases & Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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12
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Andreas N, Weber F, Meininger I, Templin N, Gaestel M, Kamradt T, Drube S. IL‐33‐activated murine mast cells control the dichotomy between RORγt+and Helios+Tregsvia the MK2/3‐mediated IL‐6 production in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2159-2171. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Andreas
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | | | - Nicole Templin
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institut für ZellbiochemieMedizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institut für ImmunologieUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
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13
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Fonseca W, Rasky AJ, Ptaschinski C, Morris SH, Best SK, Phillips M, Malinczak CA, Lukacs NW. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are regulated by stem cell factor during chronic asthmatic disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:445-456. [PMID: 30617299 PMCID: PMC6375742 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) binds to the receptor c-Kit that is expressed on a number of myeloid and lymphoid cell populations, including Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). However the importance of the SCF/c-Kit interaction in ILC2 has not been studied. Here we investigate the role of a specific SCF isoform, SCF248, in the allergic asthmatic response and SCF/c-Kit in ILC2 activation during chronic allergy. We observed that mice treated with a monoclonal antibody specific for SCF248 attenuated the development of chronic asthmatic disease by decreasing the number of mast cells, ILC2 and eosinophils, as well as reducing the accompanying pathogenic cytokine responses. These data were supported using SCFfl/fl-Col1-Cre-ERT mice and W/Wv mice that demonstrated the importance of the stem cell factor/c-Kit activation during chronic allergy and the accumulation of c-kit+ cells. Finally, these data demonstrate for the first time that SCF could activate ILC2 cells in vitro for the production of key allergic cytokines. Together these findings indicate that SCF is a critical cytokine involved in the activation of ILC2 that lead to more severe outcomes during chronic allergy and that the SCF248 isoform could be an important therapeutic target to control the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew J Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Susan H Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shannon K.K. Best
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Abstract
KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase that after binding to its ligand stem cell factor activates signaling cascades linked to biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell survival. Based on studies performed on SCF and/or KIT mutant animals that presented anemia, sterility, and/or pigmentation disorders, KIT signaling was mainly considered to be involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. More recently, novel animal models and ameliorated cellular and molecular techniques have led to the discovery of a widen repertoire of tissue compartments and functions that are being modulated by KIT. This is the case for the lung, heart, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, liver, and bone. For this reason, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were originally developed for the treatment of hemato-oncological diseases are being currently investigated for the treatment of non-oncological disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and alzheimer's disease, among others. The beneficial effects of some of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to depend on KIT inhibition. This review will focus on KIT expression and regulation in healthy and pathologic conditions other than cancer. Moreover, advances in the development of anti-KIT therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and their application will be discussed.
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15
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Carr TF, Kraft M. Use of biomarkers to identify phenotypes and endotypes of severeasthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:414-420. [PMID: 30059792 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe asthma can be classified into phenotypes and endotypes, which may inform clinicians about inflammatory pathways leading to disease and ultimately guide optimal therapeutic strategy. Biomarkers, objectively measurable characteristics of the disease, are of increasing interest to clinicians and researchers as powerful tools to distinguish among the severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes. The objective of this review is to highlight current knowledge of biomarker applications to identify phenotypes and endotypes of severe asthma. DATA SOURCES Sources used include observational cohorts, clinical trials, translational studies, comprehensive reviews, and expert/taskforce statements. STUDY SELECTIONS Included studies were selected for their relevance to the topic and for strength of data or study design. RESULTS In severe asthma, biomarkers can be used for diagnosis of phenotype or endotype, can also be predictive of clinical outcomes or response to therapy, and may be dynamic with time or therapy. Fully determining phenotype or endotype of severe asthma will require interpretation of combinations of commercially available biomarkers. CONCLUSION Biomarkers have multiple potential clinical applications in severe asthma. Novel biomarkers may add accuracy to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Manka LA, Wechsler ME. Selecting the right biologic for your patients with severe asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:406-413. [PMID: 30056149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe asthma affects 5% to 10% of the adult asthma population and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and consumption of health care resources. Recently, several biologic medications have been approved for use in severe asthma. These medications target the type 2 inflammatory pathway, which is characterized by activation of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which results in eosinophilia, high FeNO, and atopic features. The objective of this review was to provide clinicians with key points to assist in selecting the best biologic medication for each patient. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was performed, and data were reviewed from basic science articles of inflammatory mediators in type 2 airway inflammation, and clinical trials of biologic medications in patients with severe asthma. STUDY SELECTIONS These studies analyzed outcomes of biologic medications in type 2-high severe asthma including clinical biomarkers, exacerbation rates, lung function, and quality of life measures. RESULTS Biologic mediations in type 2-high severe asthma improve outcomes, including clinical biomarkers, exacerbation rates, lung function, and quality-of-life measures. CONCLUSION When choosing a biologic medication for patients with severe asthma, asthma endotype, clinical biomarkers, and patient-centered factors should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Manka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, and The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, Denver, Colorado
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, and The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, Denver, Colorado.
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17
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Nayak AP, Deshpande DA, Penn RB. New targets for resolution of airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29904584 PMCID: PMC5981194 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14581.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling (AR) is a progressive pathological feature of the obstructive lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathology manifests itself in the form of significant, progressive, and (to date) seemingly irreversible changes to distinct respiratory structural compartments. Consequently, AR correlates with disease severity and the gradual decline in pulmonary function associated with asthma and COPD. Although current asthma/COPD drugs manage airway contraction and inflammation, none of these effectively prevent or reverse features of AR. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the features and putative mechanisms affecting AR. We further discuss recently proposed strategies with promise for deterring or treating AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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18
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Cahill KN, Katz HR, Cui J, Lai J, Kazani S, Crosby-Thompson A, Garofalo D, Castro M, Jarjour N, DiMango E, Erzurum S, Trevor JL, Shenoy K, Chinchilli VM, Wechsler ME, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Israel E. KIT Inhibition by Imatinib in Patients with Severe Refractory Asthma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1911-1920. [PMID: 28514613 PMCID: PMC5568669 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1613125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are present in the airways of patients who have severe asthma despite glucocorticoid treatment; these cells are associated with disease characteristics including poor quality of life and inadequate asthma control. Stem cell factor and its receptor, KIT, are central to mast-cell homeostasis. We conducted a proof-of-principle trial to evaluate the effect of imatinib, a KIT inhibitor, on airway hyperresponsiveness, a physiological marker of severe asthma, as well as on airway mast-cell numbers and activation in patients with severe asthma. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial of imatinib in patients with poorly controlled severe asthma who had airway hyperresponsiveness despite receiving maximal medical therapy. The primary end point was the change in airway hyperresponsiveness, measured as the concentration of methacholine required to decrease the forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 20% (PC20). Patients also underwent bronchoscopy. RESULTS Among the 62 patients who underwent randomization, imatinib treatment reduced airway hyperresponsiveness to a greater extent than did placebo. At 6 months, the methacholine PC20 increased by a mean (±SD) of 1.73±0.60 doubling doses in the imatinib group, as compared with 1.07±0.60 doubling doses in the placebo group (P=0.048). Imatinib also reduced levels of serum tryptase, a marker of mast-cell activation, to a greater extent than did placebo (decrease of 2.02±2.32 vs. 0.56±1.39 ng per milliliter, P=0.02). Airway mast-cell counts declined in both groups. Muscle cramps and hypophosphatemia were more common in the imatinib group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe asthma, imatinib decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, mast-cell counts, and tryptase release. These results suggest that KIT-dependent processes and mast cells contribute to the pathobiologic basis of severe asthma. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01097694 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Cahill
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Howard R Katz
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Jing Cui
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Juying Lai
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Shamsah Kazani
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Allison Crosby-Thompson
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Denise Garofalo
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Mario Castro
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Emily DiMango
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Jennifer L Trevor
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Kartik Shenoy
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
| | - Elliot Israel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.N.C., H.R.K., J.C., J.L., A.C.-T., D.G., T.M.L., J.A.B., E.I.), and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge (S.K.) - both in Massachusetts; Washington University, St. Louis (M.C.); University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.J.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York (E.D.); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.E.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (J.L.T.); Temple University, Philadelphia (K.S.), and Pennsylvania State University, Hershey (V.M.C.) - both in Pennsylvania; and National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.)
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IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP induce a distinct phenotypic and activation profile in human type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Blood Adv 2017; 1:577-589. [PMID: 29296700 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a distinct branch of the lymphoid lineage composed of 3 major subpopulations: ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs are mainly described as tissue-resident cells but can be detected at low levels in human blood. However, unlike mouse ILCs, there is still no consistent methodology to purify and culture these cells that enables in-depth analysis of their intrinsic biology. Here, we describe defined culture conditions for ILC2s, which allowed us to dissect the roles of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) individually, or in combination, in modulating ILC2 phenotype and function. We show that TSLP is important for ILC2 survival, while ILC2 activation is more dependent on IL-33, especially when in combination with IL-2 or TSLP. We found that activation of ILC2s by IL-33 and TSLP dramatically upregulated their surface expression of c-Kit and downregulated expression of the canonical markers IL-7Rα and CRTH2. IL-2 further amplified ILC2 production of IL-5, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but also induced a more natural killer (NK)-like phenotype in ILC2, with upregulation of granzyme B production by these cells. Furthermore, ILC2 plasticity was observed in serum-free SFEM II media in response to IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP stimulation and independently of IL-12 and IL-1β. This is the first comprehensive report of an in vitro culture system for human ILC2s, without the use of feeder layers, which additionally evaluates the impact of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP alone or in combination on ILC2 surface phenotype and activation status.
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Association of stem cell factor gene expression with severity and atopic state in patients with bronchial asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:21. [PMID: 28100228 PMCID: PMC5241923 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory and remodeling disorder of the airways, in which many cells, cellular elements, and cytokines play important roles. Stem cell factor (SCF) may contribute to the inflammatory changes occurring in asthma. We aimed to show the expression of SCF gene in patients with asthma as a means of diagnosis and its association with severity and atopic state in these patients. Methods This study was carried out on 80 subjects, 50 asthmatic patients and 30 age and gender matched healthy control persons. They were subjected to full history taking, general and local chest examination, spirometric measurements (pre and post broncodilators) using a spirometer, serum IgE, and real time PCR for assessment of SCF mRNA expression. Results This study showed significant difference between the studied groups regarding pulmonary function tests (P < 0.001). Asthmatic patients had significant higher SCF expression compared to control (P < 0.001), also atopic patients vs non atopic (P = 0.03) and severe asthmatic patients vs mild ones (P < 0.001). SCF expression at cut off point (0.528) is sufficient to discriminate asthmatic patients from control while at cut off point (1.84) for discrimination of atopic patients from non-atopic patients and at cut off point (1.395) for discrimination of severe asthmatic patients from mild ones. A significant negative correlation between SCF expression and inhaled steroid while significant positive correlation with serum IgE was found. Conclusion Measuring SCF mRNA expression can be used as an efficient marker for evaluation of atopy and detection of severity of bronchial asthma.
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21
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Study of the level of stem cell factor in patients with bronchial asthma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Huusko JM, Mahlman M, Karjalainen MK, Kaukola T, Haataja R, Marttila R, Toldi G, Szabó M, Kingsmore SF, Rämet M, Lavoie PM, Hallman M. Polymorphisms of the gene encoding Kit ligand are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:260-270. [PMID: 24610823 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects infants born preterm. Family studies indicate that BPD has a significant genetic component. RATIONALE We assessed the gene encoding Kit ligand (KITLG) as a candidate for genetic predisposition to moderate-to-severe BPD (controls were infants with no or mild BPD). STUDY DESIGN Eight KITLG-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in cohorts of very preterm infants originating from northern Finland (56 cases and 197 controls), southern Finland (n = 59 + 52), and Canada (n = 58 + 68). Additional replication populations included infants born in Finland (n = 41 + 241) and Hungary (n = 29 + 40). All infants were of European origin. Results were controlled for risk factors of BPD. Kit ligand concentration in umbilical cord blood, collected from very preterm infants (n = 120), was studied. RESULTS Six SNPs of KITLG and a haplotype including all eight genotyped SNPs were associated with moderate-to-severe BPD in the northern Finnish population. When all the populations were combined, SNP rs11104948 was significantly associated with BPD. Kit ligand concentration in umbilical cord blood of infants born very preterm was an independent risk factor of BPD. CONCLUSIONS We show that KITLG polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to moderate-to-severe BPD. In addition, higher Kit ligand concentrations were observed in infants that subsequently developed BPD. These results support the possibility that KITLG gene is involved in predisposition to BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:260-270. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Huusko
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Mahlman
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna K Karjalainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Kaukola
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Haataja
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Marttila
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gergely Toldi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szabó
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Mika Rämet
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Child & Family Research Institute of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Foronjy RF, Dabo AJ, Cummins N, Geraghty P. Leukemia inhibitory factor protects the lung during respiratory syncytial viral infection. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 25277705 PMCID: PMC4189665 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects the lung epithelium where it stimulates the production of numerous host cytokines that are associated with disease burden and acute lung injury. Characterizing the host cytokine response to RSV infection, the regulation of host cytokines and the impact of neutralizing an RSV-inducible cytokine during infection were undertaken in this study. METHODS A549, primary human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells and wild-type, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (Trif) and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (Mavs) knockout (KO) mice were infected with RSV and cytokine responses were investigated by ELISA, multiplex analysis and qPCR. Neutralizing anti-leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) IgG or control IgG was administered to a group of wild-type animals prior to RSV infection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RSV-infected A549 and SAE cells release a network of cytokines, including newly identified RSV-inducible cytokines LIF, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), stem cell factor (SCF), CCL27, CXCL12 and stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β). These RSV-inducible cytokines were also observed in the airways of mice during an infection. To identify the regulation of RSV inducible cytokines, Mavs and Trif deficient animals were infected with RSV. In vivo induction of airway IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(p40), IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL5, CCL3, CXCL1, IP-10/CXCL10, IL-22, MIG/CXCL9 and MIF were dependent on Mavs expression in mice. Loss of Trif expression in mice altered the RSV induction of IL-1β, IL-5, CXCL12, MIF, LIF, CXCL12 and IFN-γ. Silencing of retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) expression in A549 cells had a greater impact on RSV-inducible cytokines than melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), and Trif expression. To evaluate the role of LIF in the airways during RSV infection, animals were treated with neutralizing anti-LIF IgG, which enhanced RSV pathology observed with increased airspace protein content, apoptosis and airway hyperresponsiveness compared to control IgG treatment. CONCLUSIONS RSV infection in the epithelium induces a network of immune factors to counter infection, primarily in a RIG-I dependent manner. Expression of LIF protects the lung from lung injury and enhanced pathology during RSV infection.
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Fischer KD, Agrawal DK. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in inflammation and allergy. Front Immunol 2013; 4:428. [PMID: 24363657 PMCID: PMC3849597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells contribute to allergic inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines that are generated following allergen challenge can impact the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells leading to increased production of effector cells such as eosinophils and basophils, which are key cells involved in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Homing of stem cells to the lungs is associated with inflammatory and remodeling changes in asthmatics. Factors that modulate the differentiation and increased migration of stem cells to the site of inflammation in asthma remain to be defined. Stem cells can mature at the site of inflammation in response to inflammatory mediators and other components in the milieu. While the available data suggest that hematopoietic cells traffic to target tissues, the molecular factors underlying in situ differentiation have yet to be specified. Here, we critically evaluate the potential role of hematopoietic progenitors in contributing to the increased immune cell infiltrate in allergic asthma and the factors that drive their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Fischer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA
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Collmann E, Bohnacker T, Marone R, Dawson J, Rehberg M, Stringer R, Krombach F, Burkhart C, Hirsch E, Hollingworth GJ, Thomas M, Wymann MP. Transient targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase acts as a roadblock in mast cells' route to allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:959-68. [PMID: 23683463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue mast cell numbers are dynamically regulated by recruitment of progenitors from the vasculature. It is unclear whether progenitors are recruited during allergic sensitization and whether recruitment promotes allergic responses. OBJECTIVE We sought to (1) determine the effect of mast cell recruitment on acute allergic responses and (2) to define the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms in sequential steps to allergic responses. METHODS Gene-targeted mice for PI3Kγ or PI3Kδ or mice treated with isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors (a novel PI3Kγ-specific inhibitor [NVS-PI3-4] and the PI3Kδ inhibitor IC87114) were used to monitor IgE-mediated mast cell recruitment, migration, adhesion by means of intravital microscopy, degranulation, TNF-α release, and subsequent endothelial cell activation in vivo or in bone marrow-derived mast cells. RESULTS Functional PI3Kγ, but not PI3Kδ, was crucial for mast cell accumulation in IgE-challenged skin, TNF-α release from IgE/antigen-stimulated mast cells, and mast cell/endothelial interactions and chemotaxis. PI3Kγ-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells did not adhere to the endothelium in TNF-α-treated cremaster muscle, whereas PI3Kδ was not required. Depletion of TNF-α blocked IgE-induced mast cell recruitment, which links tissue mast cell-derived cytokine release to endothelial activation and mast cell recruitment. Interference with mast cell recruitment protected against anaphylaxis and was superior to blockage of tissue mast cell degranulation. CONCLUSIONS Interference with mast cell recruitment to exacerbated tissues provides a novel strategy to alleviate allergic reactions and surpassed attenuation of tissue mast cell degranulation. This results in prolonged drug action and allows for reduction of drug doses required to block anaphylaxis, an important feature for drugs targeting inflammatory disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Collmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Barnes PJ. Severe asthma: advances in current management and future therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:48-59. [PMID: 22196524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of severe asthma is a major unmet need because patients' symptoms are not controlled on maximum treatment with inhaled therapy. Asthma symptoms can be poorly controlled because of poor adherence to controller therapy, and this might be addressed by using combination inhalers that contain a corticosteroid and long-acting β(2)-agonist as reliever therapy in addition to maintenance treatment. New bronchodilators with a longer duration of action are in development, and recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator in addition to β(2)-agonists in patients with severe asthma. Anti-IgE therapy is beneficial in selected patients with severe asthma. Several new blockers of specific mediators, including prostaglandin D(2), IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, are also in clinical trials and might benefit patients with subtypes of severe asthma. Several broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapies that target neutrophilic inflammation are in clinical development for the treatment of severe asthma, but adverse effects after oral administration might necessitate inhaled delivery. Macrolides might benefit some patients with infection by atypical bacteria, but recent results are not encouraging, although there could be an effect in patients with predominant neutrophilic asthma. Corticosteroid resistance is a major problem in patients with severe asthma, and several molecular mechanisms have been described that might lead to novel therapeutic approaches, including drugs that could reverse this resistance, such as theophylline and nortriptyline. In selected patients with severe asthma, bronchial thermoplasty might be beneficial, but thus far, clinical studies have not been encouraging. Finally, several subtypes of severe asthma are now recognized, and in the future, it will be necessary to find biomarkers that predict responses to specific forms of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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The potential use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in severe asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:68-75. [PMID: 22157153 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32834ecb4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe asthma comprises heterogeneous phenotypes that share in common a poor response to traditional therapies. Recent and ongoing work with tyrosine kinase inhibitors suggests a potential beneficial role in treatment of severe asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Various receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pathways contribute to aspects of airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling of asthma. Selective and nonselective tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be useful to block pathways that are pathologically overactive or overexpressed in severe asthma. Recent in-vivo studies have demonstrated the utility of inhibitors against specific tyrosine kinases (epidermal growth factor receptor, c-kit/platelet derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, spleen tyrosine kinase, and janus kinase) in altering key aspects of severe asthma. SUMMARY Asthma and even severe asthma does not consist of a single phenotype. Targeting key inflammatory and remodeling pathways engaged across subphenotypes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors appears to hold promise.
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Dougherty RH, Sidhu SS, Raman K, Solon M, Solberg OD, Caughey GH, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV. Accumulation of intraepithelial mast cells with a unique protease phenotype in T(H)2-high asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1046-1053.e8. [PMID: 20451039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that mast cell tryptases and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) are differentially expressed in the airway epithelium in asthmatic subjects. We also found that asthmatic subjects can be divided into 2 subgroups ("T(H)2 high" and "T(H)2 low" asthma) based on epithelial cell gene signatures for the activity of T(H)2 cytokines. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize intraepithelial mast cells (IEMCs) in asthma. METHODS We performed gene expression profiling in epithelial brushings and stereology-based quantification of mast cell numbers in endobronchial biopsy specimens from healthy control and asthmatic subjects before and after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). We also performed gene expression and protein quantification studies in cultured airway epithelial cells and mast cells. RESULTS By means of unsupervised clustering, mast cell gene expression in the airway epithelium related closely to the expression of IL-13 signature genes. The levels of expression of mast cell genes correlate positively with lung function improvements with ICSs. IEMC density was 2-fold higher than normal in subjects with T(H)2-high asthma compared with that seen in subjects with T(H)2-low asthma or healthy control subjects (P = .015 for both comparisons), and these cells were characterized by expression of tryptases and CPA3 but not chymase. IL-13 induced expression of stem cell factor in cultured airway epithelial cells, and mast cells exposed to conditioned media from IL-13-activated epithelial cells showed downregulation of chymase but no change in tryptase or CPA3 expression. CONCLUSION IEMC numbers are increased in subjects with T(H)2-high asthma, have an unusual protease phenotype (tryptase and CPA3 high and chymase low), and predict responsiveness to ICSs. IL-13-stimulated production of stem cell factor by epithelial cells potentially explains mast cell accumulation in T(H)2-high asthmatic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Dougherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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