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Tundo S, Mandalà G, Sella L, Favaron F, Bedre R, Kalunke RM. Xylanase Inhibitors: Defense Players in Plant Immunity with Implications in Agro-Industrial Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314994. [PMID: 36499321 PMCID: PMC9739030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase inhibitors (XIs) are plant cell wall proteins largely distributed in monocots that inhibit the hemicellulose degrading activity of microbial xylanases. XIs have been classified into three classes with different structures and inhibition specificities, namely Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (TAXI), xylanase inhibitor proteins (XIP), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (TLXI). Their involvement in plant defense has been established by several reports. Additionally, these inhibitors have considerable economic relevance because they interfere with the activity of xylanases applied in several agro-industrial processes. Previous reviews highlighted the structural and biochemical properties of XIs and hypothesized their role in plant defense. Here, we aimed to update the information on the genomic organization of XI encoding genes, the inhibition properties of XIs against microbial xylanases, and the structural properties of xylanase-XI interaction. We also deepened the knowledge of XI regulation mechanisms in planta and their involvement in plant defense. Finally, we reported the recently studied strategies to reduce the negative impact of XIs in agro-industrial processes and mentioned their allergenicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Renesh Bedre
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, 7 Olivette, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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2
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Luong NN, Tien NQD, Huy NX, Tue NH, Man LQ, Sinh DDH, Van Thanh D, Chi DTK, Hoa PTB, Loc NH. Expression of 42 kDa chitinase of Trichoderma asperellum (Ta-CHI42) from a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6355433. [PMID: 34415008 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the degradation of chitin, a major component of the cell walls of pathogenic fungi and cuticles of insects, gaining increasing attention for the control of fungal pathogens and insect pests. Production of recombinant chitinase in a suitable host can result in a more pure product with less processing time and a significantly larger yield than that produced by native microorganisms. The present study aimed to express the synthetic chi42 gene (syncodChi42), which was optimized from the chi42 gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, in Escherichia coli to produce 42 kDa chitinase (Ta-CHI42); then determined the activity of this enzyme, characterizations and in vitro antifungal activity as well as its immunogenicity in mice. The results showed that Ta-CHI42 was overexpressed in E. coli. Analysis of the colloidal chitin hydrolytic activity of purified Ta-CHI42 on an agar plate revealed that this enzyme was in a highly active form. This is a neutral chitinase with pH stability in a range of 6-8 and has an optimum temperature of 45°C with thermal stability in a range of 25-35°C. The chitinolytic activity of Ta-CHI42 was almost completely abolished by 5 mM Zn2+ or 1% SDS, whereas it remained about haft under the effect of 1 M urea, 1% Triton X-100 or 5 mM Cu2+. Except for ions such as Mn2+ and Ca2+ at 5 mM that have enhanced chitinolytic activity; 5 mM of Na+, Fe2+ or Mg2+ ions or 1 mM EDTA negatively impacted the enzyme. Ta-CHI42 at 60 U/mL concentration strongly inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. Analysis of western blot indicated that the polyclonal antibody against Ta-CHI42 was greatly produced in mice. It can be used to analyze the expression of the syncodChi42 gene in transgenic plants, through immunoblotting assays, for resistance to pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Luong
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quang Duc Tien
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Huy
- Department of Biology, University of Education, 34 Le Loi st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Tue
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Le Quang Man
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Duc Hoang Sinh
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Van Thanh
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Kim Chi
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thi Bich Hoa
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam.,Department of Biology, University of Education, 34 Le Loi st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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Tucker JR, Legge WG, Maiti S, Hiebert CW, Simsek S, Yao Z, Xu W, Badea A, Fernando WGD. Transcriptome Alterations of an in vitro-Selected, Moderately Resistant, Two-Row Malting Barley in Response to 3ADON, 15ADON, and NIV Chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701969. [PMID: 34456945 PMCID: PMC8385242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of malting barley. Mycotoxins associated with contaminated grain can be transferred from malt to beer and pose a health risk to consumers. In western Canada, F. graminearum has undergone an adaptive shift from 15ADON constituency to dominance by virulent 3ADON-producers; likewise, NIV-producers have established in regions of southern United States. Lack of adapted resistance sources with adequate malting quality has promoted the use of alternative breeding methodologies, such as in vitro selection. We studied the low-deoxynivalenol characteristic of in vitro selected, two-row malting barley variety "Norman" by RNAseq in contrast to its parental line "CDC Kendall," when infected by 15ADON-, 3ADON-, and NIV-producing isolates of F. graminearum. The current study documents higher mycotoxin accumulation by 3ADON isolates, thereby representing increased threat to barley production. At 72-96-h post infection, significant alterations in transcription patterns were observed in both varieties with pronounced upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and detoxification gene categories (UGT, GST, CyP450, and ABC), particularly in 3ADON treatment. Defense response was multitiered, where differential expression in "Norman" associated with antimicrobial peptides (thionin 2.1, defensing, non-specific lipid-transfer protein) and stress-related proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant proteins, heat-shock, desiccation related, and a peroxidase (HvPrx5). Several gene targets identified in "Norman" would be useful for application of breeding varieties with reduced deoxynivalenol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Tucker
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - William G. Legge
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Sujit Maiti
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Zhen Yao
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Wayne Xu
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Ana Badea
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
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Zhou Y, Yan Y, Yang D, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. Cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of chitinase-like protein 1 in the shell of Pinctada fucata. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:954-966. [PMID: 32634202 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization, especially shell formation, is a sophisticated process regulated by various matrix proteins. Pinctada fucata chitinase-like protein 1 (Pf-Clp1), which belongs to the GH18 family, was discovered by our group using in-depth proteomic analysis. However, its function is still unclear. In this study, we first obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of Pf-Clp1 by RACE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that Pf-Clp1 was highly expressed in the important biomineralization tissues, the mantle edge and the mantle pallial. We expressed and purified recombinant protein rPf-Clp1 in vitro to investigate the function of Pf-Clp1 on CaCO3 crystallization. Scanning electron microscopy imaging and Raman spectroscopy revealed that rPf-Clp1 was able to affect the morphologies of calcite crystal in vitro. Shell notching experiments suggested that Pf-Clp1 might function as a negative regulator during shell formation in vivo. Knockdown of Pf-Clp1 by RNAi led to the overgrowth of aragonite tablets, further confirming its potential negative regulation on biomineralization, especially in the nacreous layer. Our work revealed the potential function of molluscan Clp in shell biomineralization for the first time and unveiled some new understandings toward the molecular mechanism of shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpin Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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5
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Wu J, Wang Y, Kim SG, Jung KH, Gupta R, Kim J, Park Y, Kang KY, Kim ST. A secreted chitinase-like protein (OsCLP) supports root growth through calcium signaling in Oryza sativa. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:273-284. [PMID: 28401568 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases belong to a conserved protein family and play multiple roles in defense, development and growth regulation in plants. Here, we identified a secreted chitinase-like protein, OsCLP, which functions in rice growth. A T-DNA insertion mutant of OsCLP (osclp) showed significant retardation of root and shoot growth. A comparative proteomic analysis was carried out using root tissue of wild-type and the osclp mutant to understand the OsCLP-mediated rice growth retardation. Results obtained revealed that proteins related to glycolysis (phosphoglycerate kinase), stress adaption (chaperonin) and calcium signaling (calreticulin and CDPK1) were differentially regulated in osclp roots. Fura-2 molecular probe staining, which is an intracellular calcium indicator, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis suggested that the intracellular calcium content was significantly lower in roots of osclp as compared with the wild-type. Exogenous application of Ca2+ resulted in successful recovery of both primary and lateral root growth in osclp. Moreover, overexpression of OsCLP resulted in improved growth with modified seed shape and starch structure; however, the overall yield remained unaffected. Taken together, our results highlight the involvement of OsCLP in rice growth by regulating the intracellular calcium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Wu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Sang Gon Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 16429, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - Joonyup Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Park
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - Kyu Young Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 16429, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
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6
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Chen H, Jia X. Molecular Cloning and Characterizations of Xylanase Inhibitor Protein from Wheat (Triticum Aestivum). J Food Sci 2017; 82:1582-1587. [PMID: 28613409 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase inhibitor proteins (XIPs) were regarded to inhibit the activity of xylanases during baking and gluten-starch separation processes. To avoid the inhibition to xylanases, it is necessary to define the conditions under which the inhibition takes place. In this study, we cloned the XIP gene from 2 different variety of Triticum aestivum, that is, Zhengmai 9023 and Zhengmai 366, and investigated the properties of XIP protein expressed by Pichia pastoris. The results showed that the 2 XIP genes (xip-9023 and xip-366) were highly homologous with only 3 nucleotide differences. XIP-9023 showed the optimal inhibition pH and temperature were 7 °C and 40 °C, respectively. Inhibition of xylanase by XIP-9023 reached the maximum in 40 min. At 50% inhibition of xylanase, the molar ratio of inhibitor: xylanase was 26:1. XIP-9023 was active to various fungal xylanases tested as well as to a bacterial xylanase produced by Paenibacillus sp. isolated from cow rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Hongge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xincheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P.R. China
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7
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Ma J, Sheng H, Li X, Wang L. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the mechanisms of silicon-mediated cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 104:71-80. [PMID: 27017433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) can alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress in rice (Oryza sativa) plants, however, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the single-cell level remains limited. To address these questions, we investigated suspension cells of rice cultured in the dark environment in the absence and presence of Si with either short- (12 h) or long-term (5 d) Cd treatments using a combination of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), fluorescent staining, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). We identified 100 proteins differentially regulated by Si under the short- or long-term Cd stress. 70% of these proteins were down-regulated, suggesting that Si may improve protein use efficiency by maintaining cells in the normal physiological status. Furthermore, we showed two different mechanisms for Si-mediated Cd tolerance. Under the short-term Cd stress, the Si-modified cell walls inhibited the uptake of Cd ions into cells and consequently reduced the expressions of glycosidase, cell surface non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs), and several stress-related proteins. Under the long-term Cd stress, the amount of Cd in the cytoplasm in Si-accumulating (+Si) cells was decreased by compartmentation of Cd into vacuoles, thus leading to a lower expression of glutathione S-transferases (GST). These results provide protein-level insights into the Si-mediated Cd detoxification in rice single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huachun Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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8
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Zhu C, Ai L, Wang L, Yin P, Liu C, Li S, Zeng H. De novo Transcriptome Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA Strain Early Invasion in Zoysia japonica Root. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:708. [PMID: 27242730 PMCID: PMC4870862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoysia japonica brown spot was caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani invasion, which led to severe financial loss in city lawn and golf ground maintenance. However, little was known about the molecular mechanism of R. solani pathogenicity in Z. japonica. In this study we examined early stage interaction between R. solani AG1 IA strain and Z. japonica cultivar “Zenith” root by cell ultra-structure analysis, pathogenesis-related proteins assay and transcriptome analysis to explore molecular clues for AG1 IA strain pathogenicity in Z. japonica. No obvious cell structure damage was found in infected roots and most pathogenesis-related protein activities showedg a downward trend especially in 36 h post inoculation, which exhibits AG1 IA strain stealthy invasion characteristic. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database classification, most DEGs in infected “Zenith” roots dynamically changed especially in three aspects, signal transduction, gene translation, and protein synthesis. Total 3422 unigenes of “Zenith” root were predicted into 14 kinds of resistance (R) gene class. Potential fungal resistance related unigenes of “Zenith” root were involved in ligin biosynthesis, phytoalexin synthesis, oxidative burst, wax biosynthesis, while two down-regulated unigenes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase and subtilisin-like protease might be important for host-derived signal perception to AG1 IA strain invasion. According to Pathogen Host Interaction (PHI) database annotation, 1508 unigenes of AG1 IA strain were predicted and classified into 37 known pathogen species, in addition, unigenes encoding virulence, signaling, host stress tolerance, and potential effector were also predicted. This research uncovered transcriptional profiling during the early phase interaction between R. solani AG1 IA strain and Z. japonica, and will greatly help identify key pathogenicity of AG1 IA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Ecology Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Silviculture Forestry Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Yin
- Turfgrass Management Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Turfgrass Management Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Turfgrass Management Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Zeng
- Turfgrass Management Department, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China
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9
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Richa K, Tiwari IM, Kumari M, Devanna BN, Sonah H, Kumari A, Nagar R, Sharma V, Botella JR, Sharma TR. Functional Characterization of Novel Chitinase Genes Present in the Sheath Blight Resistance QTL: qSBR11-1 in Rice Line Tetep. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:244. [PMID: 26973685 PMCID: PMC4771751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases in rice leading to heavy yield losses. Due to the polygenic nature of resistance, no major resistance gene with complete host resistance against R. solani has been reported. In this study, we have performed molecular and functional analysis of the genes associated with the major R. solani-resistance QTL qSBR11-1 in the indica rice line Tetep. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a set of 11 tandem repeats containing genes with a high degree of homology to class III chitinase defense response genes. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that all the genes are strongly induced 36 h after R. solani infection. Comparison between the resistant Tetep and the susceptible HP2216 lines shows that the induction of the chitinase genes is much higher in the Tetep line. Recombinant protein produced in vitro for six of the eleven genes showed chitinolytic activity in gel assays but we did not detect any xylanase inhibitory activity. All the six in vitro expressed proteins show antifungal activity with a clear inhibitory effect on the growth of the R. solani mycelium. The characterized chitinase genes can provide an important resource for the genetic improvement of R. solani susceptible rice lines for sheath blight resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamboj Richa
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyBanasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, India
| | - Ila M. Tiwari
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep Kumari
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - B. N. Devanna
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Ramawatar Nagar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyBanasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, India
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tilak R. Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Tilak R. Sharma
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10
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Kesari P, Patil DN, Kumar P, Tomar S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Structural and functional evolution of chitinase-like proteins from plants. Proteomics 2015; 15:1693-705. [PMID: 25728311 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant genome contains a large number of sequences that encode catalytically inactive chitinases referred to as chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Although CLPs share high sequence and structural homology with chitinases of glycosyl hydrolase 18 (TIM barrel domain) and 19 families, they may lack the binding/catalytic activity. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that gene duplication events followed by mutation in the existing chitinase gene have resulted in the loss of activity. The evidences show that adaptive functional diversification of the CLPs has been achieved through alterations in the flexible regions than in the rigid structural elements. The CLPs plays an important role in the defense response against pathogenic attack, biotic and abiotic stress. They are also involved in the growth and developmental processes of plants. Since the physiological roles of CLPs are similar to chitinase, such mutations have led to plurifunctional enzymes. The biochemical and structural characterization of the CLPs is essential for understanding their roles and to develop potential utility in biotechnological industries. This review sheds light on the structure-function evolution of CLPs from chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Dipak Narhari Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Wang Y, Kwon SJ, Wu J, Choi J, Lee YH, Agrawal GK, Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Park SR, Kim BG, Jung KH, Kang KY, Kim SG, Kim ST. Transcriptome Analysis of Early Responsive Genes in Rice during Magnaporthe oryzae Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:343-54. [PMID: 25506299 PMCID: PMC4262287 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2014.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingni Wu
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Shigeru Tamogami
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sang-Ryeol Park
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Kang
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gon Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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