1
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Herlah B, Janežič M, Ogris I, Grdadolnik SG, Kološa K, Žabkar S, Žegura B, Perdih A. Nature-inspired substituted 3-(imidazol-2-yl) morpholines targeting human topoisomerase IIα: Dynophore-derived discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116676. [PMID: 38772152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular nanomachine, human DNA topoisomerase IIα, plays a crucial role in replication, transcription, and recombination by catalyzing topological changes in the DNA, rendering it an optimal target for cancer chemotherapy. Current clinical topoisomerase II poisons often cause secondary tumors as side effects due to the accumulation of double-strand breaks in the DNA, spurring the development of catalytic inhibitors. Here, we used a dynamic pharmacophore approach to develop catalytic inhibitors targeting the ATP binding site of human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Our screening of a library of nature-inspired compounds led to the discovery of a class of 3-(imidazol-2-yl) morpholines as potent catalytic inhibitors that bind to the ATPase domain. Further experimental and computational studies identified hit compound 17, which exhibited selectivity against the human DNA topoisomerase IIα versus human protein kinases, cytotoxicity against several human cancer cells, and did not induce DNA double-strand breaks, making it distinct from clinical topoisomerase II poisons. This study integrates an innovative natural product-inspired chemistry and successful implementation of a molecular design strategy that incorporates a dynamic component of ligand-target molecular recognition, with comprehensive experimental characterization leading to hit compounds with potential impact on the development of more efficient chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Herlah
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Janežič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Iza Ogris
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Kološa
- National institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Žabkar
- National institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 121, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia.
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2
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Bozuyuk U, Wrede P, Yildiz E, Sitti M. Roadmap for Clinical Translation of Mobile Microrobotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311462. [PMID: 38380776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Medical microrobotics is an emerging field to revolutionize clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics of various diseases. On the other hand, the mobile microrobotics field has important obstacles to pass before clinical translation. This article focuses on these challenges and provides a roadmap of medical microrobots to enable their clinical use. From the concept of a "magic bullet" to the physicochemical interactions of microrobots in complex biological environments in medical applications, there are several translational steps to consider. Clinical translation of mobile microrobots is only possible with a close collaboration between clinical experts and microrobotics researchers to address the technical challenges in microfabrication, safety, and imaging. The clinical application potential can be materialized by designing microrobots that can solve the current main challenges, such as actuation limitations, material stability, and imaging constraints. The strengths and weaknesses of the current progress in the microrobotics field are discussed and a roadmap for their clinical applications in the near future is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Wrede
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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3
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Skok Ž, Durcik M, Zajec Ž, Gramec Skledar D, Bozovičar K, Pišlar A, Tomašič T, Zega A, Peterlin Mašič L, Kikelj D, Zidar N, Ilaš J. ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα with improved antiproliferative activity based on N-phenylpyrrolamide scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115116. [PMID: 36689894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase II show potential for becoming the successors of topoisomerase II poisons, the clinically successful anticancer drugs. Based on our recent screening hits, we designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated new, improved series of N-phenylpyrrolamide DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Six structural classes were prepared to systematically explore the chemical space of N-phenylpyrrolamide based inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor, 47d, had an IC50 value of 0.67 μM against DNA topoisomerase IIα. Compound 53b showed exceptional activity on cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 130 nM against HepG2 and 140 nM against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The reported compounds have no structurally similarity to published structures, they are metabolically stable, have reasonable solubility and thus can serve as promising leads in the development of anticancer ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Skok
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Durcik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Zajec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Gramec Skledar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Xu G, Li Z, Ding Y, Shen Y. Discovery of 1,2-diphenylethene derivatives as human DNA topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors and antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Zhai X, El Hiani Y. Getting Lost in the Cell-Lysosomal Entrapment of Chemotherapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3669. [PMID: 33297435 PMCID: PMC7762281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, resistance to chemotherapy still poses a major obstacle in clinical oncology. An exciting strategy to circumvent chemoresistance involves the identification and subsequent disruption of cellular processes that are aberrantly altered in oncogenic states. Upon chemotherapeutic challenges, lysosomes are deemed to be essential mediators that enable cellular adaptation to stress conditions. Therefore, lysosomes potentially hold the key to disarming the fundamental mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review explores modes of action of classical chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive response of the lysosomes to cell stress, and presents physiological and pharmacological insights pertaining to drug compartmentalization, sequestration, and extracellular clearance through the lens of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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6
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Verma K, Mahalapbutr P, Auepattanapong A, Khaikate O, Kuhakarn C, Takahashi K, Rungrotmongkol T. Molecular dynamics simulations of sulfone derivatives in complex with DNA topoisomerase IIα ATPase domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1692-1701. [PMID: 33089727 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1831961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase II alpha (TopoIIα) is a crucial enzyme involved in maintaining genomic integrity during the process of DNA replication and mitotic division. It is a vital therapeutic target for designing novel anticancer agents in targeted cancer therapy. Sulfones, members of organosulfur compounds, have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anticancer, and antimalarial properties. In the present study, a series of sulfones was selected to evaluate their inhibitory activity against TopoIIα using computational approaches. Molecular docking results revealed that several sulfone analogs bind efficiently to the ATPase domain of TopoIIα. Among them, sulfones 18a, 60a, *4 b, *8 b, *3c, and 8c exhibit higher binding affinity than the known TopoII inhibitor, salvicine. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations based on MM/PB(GB)SA method demonstrated that sulfone *8 b strongly interacts with amino acid residues in the ATP-binding pocket (E87, N91, D94, I125, I141, F142, S149, G161, and A167), driven mainly by an electrostatic attraction and a strong H-bond formation at G161 residue. Altogether, the obtained results predicted that sulfones could have a high potential to be a lead molecule for targeting TopoIIα.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Atima Auepattanapong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onnicha Khaikate
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaito Takahashi
- Institute of Atomic and Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Targeting topoisomerase II with trypthantrin derivatives: Discovery of 7-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione as an antiproliferative agent and to treat cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Radaeva M, Dong X, Cherkasov A. The Use of Methods of Computer-Aided Drug Discovery in the Development of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors: Applications and Future Directions. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3703-3721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Radaeva
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
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9
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Discovery of new ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα through screening of bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104049. [PMID: 32688116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase II is one of the major targets in anticancer therapy, however ATP-competitive inhibitors of this target have not yet reached their full potential. ATPase domain of human DNA topoisomerase II belongs to the GHKL ATPase superfamily and shares a very high 3D structural similarity with other superfamily members, including bacterial topoisomerases. In this work we report the discovery of a new chemotype of ATP-competitive inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα that were discovered through screening of in-house library of ATP-competitive inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Systematic screening of this library provided us with 20 hit compounds. 1,2,4-Substituted N-phenylpyrrolamides were selected for a further exploration which resulted in 13 new analogues, including 52 with potent activity in relaxation assay (IC50 = 3.2 µM) and ATPase assay (IC50 = 0.43 µM). Cytotoxic activity of all hits was determined in MCF-7 cancer cell line and the most potent compounds, 16 and 20, showed an IC50 value of 8.7 and 8.2 µM, respectively.
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10
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Bergant Loboda K, Janežič M, Štampar M, Žegura B, Filipič M, Perdih A. Substituted 4,5'-Bithiazoles as Catalytic Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3662-3678. [PMID: 32484690 PMCID: PMC7469689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human type II topoisomerases, molecular motors that alter the DNA topology, are a major target of modern chemotherapy. Groups of catalytic inhibitors represent a new approach to overcome the known limitations of topoisomerase II poisons such as cardiotoxicity and induction of secondary tumors. Here, we present a class of substituted 4,5'-bithiazoles as catalytic inhibitors targeting the human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Based on a structural comparison of the ATPase domains of human and bacterial type II topoisomerase, a focused chemical library of 4,5'-bithiazoles was assembled and screened to identify compounds that better fit the topology of the human topo IIα adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding site. Selected compounds showed inhibition of human topo IIα comparable to that of the etoposide topo II drug, revealing a new class of inhibitors targeting this molecular motor. Further investigations showed that compounds act as catalytic inhibitors via competitive ATP inhibition. We also confirmed binding to the truncated ATPase domain of topo IIα and modeled the inhibitor molecular recognition with molecular simulations and dynophore models. The compounds also displayed promising cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines comparable to that of etoposide. In a more detailed study with the HepG2 cell line, there was no induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the compounds were able to reduce cell proliferation and stop the cell cycle mainly in the G1 phase. This confirms the mechanism of action of these compounds, which differs from topo II poisons also at the cellular level. Substituted 4,5'-bithiazoles appear to be a promising class for further development toward efficient and potentially safer cancer therapies exploiting the alternative topo II inhibition paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Bergant Loboda
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Janežič
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Martina Štampar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Design and synthesis of 3,5-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as catalytic inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Guloglu S, Kirmaci FN, Çetinkol ÖP, Forough M, Gulkaya A. Azacyanines as Novel Topoisomerase II Alpha Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190628161945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo IIα) has become one of the extensively exploited
targets in chemotherapy due to its role in regulating the topological constraints of DNA during
replication and transcription. Small molecules targeting Topo IIα’s activity such as etoposide
(VP-16) and doxorubicin are extensively used in the treatment of many different types of cancer.
Objective:
Here, the effects of three small molecules, named as azacyanines, on Topo IIα have been
assessed.
Methods:
In-vitro Topoisomerase IIα drug screening kit and agarose gel imaging were used for the
assessment of Topo IIα’s activity.
Results:
Our results revealed that all the azacyanines investigated decreased the catalytic activity of
Topo IIα dramatically. More importantly, the decrease in the catalytic activity of Topo IIα in the
presence of azacyanines was higher than the presence of VP-16, which is a commercially available
chemotherapy drug. Upon further investigation, it has been observed that Azamethyl’s catalytic inhibition
of Topo IIα was concentration dependent and the catalytic activity of Topo IIα was almost
completely abolished in the presence of 100.0 μM of Azamethyl.
Conclusion:
These findings reveal the potential of azacyanines as effective Topo IIα inhibitors and
chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Guloglu
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Nur Kirmaci
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Özgül Persil Çetinkol
- Biochemistry Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Aybuke Gulkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Zidar N, Secci D, Tomašič T, Mašič LP, Kikelj D, Passarella D, Argaez ANG, Hyeraci M, Dalla Via L. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Effect, and Topoisomerase II Inhibitory Activity of 3-Methyl-2-phenyl-1 H-indoles. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:691-697. [PMID: 32435372 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indoles was prepared and investigated for antiproliferative activity on three human tumor cell lines, HeLa, A2780, and MSTO-211H, and some structure-activity relationships were drawn up. The GI50 values of the most potent compounds (32 and 33) were lower than 5 μM in all tested cell lines. For the most biologically relevant derivatives, the effect on human DNA topoisomerase II relaxation activity was investigated, which highlighted the good correlation between the antiproliferative effect and topoisomerase II inhibition. The most potent derivative, 32, was shown to induce the apoptosis pathway. The obtained results highlight 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole as a promising scaffold for further optimization of compounds with potent antiproliferative and antitopoisomerase II activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Secci
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aida Nelly Garcia Argaez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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Abraham AD, Esquer H, Zhou Q, Tomlinson N, Hamill BD, Abbott JM, Li L, Pike LA, Rinaldetti S, Ramirez DA, Lunghofer PJ, Gomez JD, Schaack J, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Gustafson DL, Messersmith WA, LaBarbera DV. Drug Design Targeting T-Cell Factor-Driven Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10182-10203. [PMID: 31675229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of 90% of mortality in cancer patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the standard-of-care drug therapies only palliate the symptoms but are ineffective, evidenced by a low survival rate of ∼11%. T-cell factor (TCF) transcription is a major driving force in CRC, and we have characterized it to be a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT transforms relatively benign epithelial tumor cells into quasi-mesenchymal or mesenchymal cells that possess cancer stem cell properties, promoting multidrug resistance and metastasis. We have identified topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) as a DNA-binding factor required for TCF-transcription. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of TOP2A ATP-competitive inhibitors that prevent TCF-transcription and modulate or reverse EMT in mCRC. Unlike TOP2A poisons, ATP-competitive inhibitors do not damage DNA, potentially limiting adverse effects. This work demonstrates a new therapeutic strategy targeting TOP2A for the treatment of mCRC and potentially other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominique A Ramirez
- Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Paul J Lunghofer
- Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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15
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Bergant K, Janežič M, Valjavec K, Sosič I, Pajk S, Štampar M, Žegura B, Gobec S, Filipič M, Perdih A. Structure-guided optimization of 4,6-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones as catalytic inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:330-348. [PMID: 31096154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerases represent one of the key targets of modern chemotherapy. An emerging group of catalytic inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα comprises a new paradigm directed to circumvent the known limitations of topoisomerase II poisons such as cardiotoxicity and induction of secondary tumors. In our previous studies, 4,6-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones were discovered as catalytic inhibitors of topo IIα. Here, we report the results of our efforts to optimize several properties of the initial chemical series that did not exhibit cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. Using an optimized synthetic route, a focused chemical library was designed aimed at further functionalizing substituents at the position 4 of the 1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one scaffold to enable additional interactions with the topo IIα ATP binding site. After virtual screening, selected 36 analogues were synthesized and experimentally evaluated for human topo IIα inhibition. The optimized series displayed improved inhibition of topo IIα over the initial series and the catalytic mode of inhibition was confirmed for the selected active compounds. The optimized series also showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines and did not induce double-strand breaks, thus displaying a mechanism of action that differs from the topo II poisons on the cellular level. The new series represents a new step in the development of the 4,6-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one class towards novel efficient anticancer therapies utilizing the catalytic topo IIα inhibition paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Bergant
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Janežič
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Katja Valjavec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Štampar
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hevener K, Verstak TA, Lutat KE, Riggsbee DL, Mooney JW. Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:844-861. [PMID: 30505655 PMCID: PMC6251812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- KirkE. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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17
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Dong G, Wu Y, Sun Y, Liu N, Wu S, Zhang W, Sheng C. Identification of potent catalytic inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase II by structure-based virtual screening. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1142-1146. [PMID: 30109001 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) is a promising target for cancer treatment. To overcome the limitations of known Top2 inhibitors, novel Top2 catalytic inhibitors with new scaffolds were identified by structure-based virtual screening. In particular, compound 8 showed good in vitro antiproliferative activity with a broad spectrum. Top2-mediated cleavage assay and molecular modeling rationalized the mode of action. The new Top2 inhibitors are considered as good starting points for further hit-to-lead optimization in anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Ying Sun
- Naval Medical Research Institute , Second Military Medical University , 880 Xiangyin Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Shanchao Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Wannian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Second Military , Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
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18
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Arba M, Ihsan S, Tri Wahyudi S, Tjahjono DH. Molecular modeling of cationic porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrids as DNA topoisomerase IIβ inhibitors. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 71:129-135. [PMID: 29153891 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA Topoisomerase II has been regarded as a promising target in anticancer drug discovery. In the present study, we designed six porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrids bearing pyrazole or pyridine group as meso substituents and evaluated their potentials as DNA Topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor. First, we investigated the binding orientation of porphyrin hybrids into DNA topoisomerase IIβ employing AutoDock 4.2 and then performed 20-ns molecular dynamics simulations to see the dynamic stability of each porphyrin-Topo IIβ complex using Amber 14. We found that the binding of porphyrin hybrids occured through intercalation and groove binding mode in addition interaction with the amino acid residues constituting the active cavity of Topo IIβ. Each porphyrin-Topo IIβ complex was stabilized during 20-ns dynamics simulations. The MM-PBSA free energy calculation shows that the binding affinities of porphyrin hybrids were modified with the number of meso substituent. Interestingly, the affinity of all porphyrin hybrids to Topo IIβ was stronger than that of native ligand (EVP), indicating the potential of the designed porphyrin to be considered in experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, 93231, Indonesia.
| | - Sunandar Ihsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, 93231, Indonesia
| | | | - Daryono H Tjahjono
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40312, Indonesia
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Novel xanthone-polyamine conjugates as catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4687-4693. [PMID: 28919339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that xanthone derivatives with anticancer potential act as topoisomerase II inhibitors because they interfere with the ability of the enzyme to bind its ATP cofactor. In order to further characterize xanthone mechanism and generate compounds with potential as anticancer drugs, we synthesized a series of derivatives in which position 3 was substituted with different polyamine chains. As determined by DNA relaxation and decatenation assays, the resulting compounds are potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. Although xanthone derivatives inhibit topoisomerase IIα-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, mechanistic studies indicate that they do not act at the ATPase site. Rather, they appear to function by blocking the ability of DNA to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. On the basis of activity, competition, and modeling studies, we propose that xanthones interact with the DNA cleavage/ligation active site of topoisomerase IIα and inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme by interfering with the DNA strand passage step.
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20
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Sinha BK, Kumar A, Mason RP. Nitric oxide inhibits ATPase activity and induces resistance to topoisomerase II-poisons in human MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:252-259. [PMID: 28955753 PMCID: PMC5614683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase poisons are important drugs for the management of human malignancies. Nitric oxide (•NO), a physiological signaling molecule, induces nitrosylation (or nitrosation) of many cellular proteins containing cysteine thiol groups, altering their cellular functions. Topoisomerases contain several thiol groups which are important for their activity and are also targets for nitrosation by nitric oxide. Methods Here, we have evaluated the roles of •NO/•NO-derived species in the stability and activity of topo II (α and β) both in vitro and in human MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Furthermore, we have examined the effects of •NO on the ATPase activity of topo II. Results Treatment of purified topo IIα and β with propylamine propylamine nonoate (PPNO), an NO donor, resulted in inhibition of the catalytic activity of topo II. Furthermore, PPNO significantly inhibited topo II-dependent ATP hydrolysis. •NO-induced inhibition of these topo II (α and β) functions resulted in a decrease in cleavable complex formation in MCF-7 cells in the presence of m-AMSA and XK469 and induced significant resistance to both drugs in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion PPNO treatment resulted in the nitrosation of the topo II protein in MCF-7 cancer cells and inhibited both catalytic-, and ATPase activities of topo II. Furthermore, PPNO significantly affected the DNA damage and cytotoxicity of m-AMSA and XK469 in MCF-7 tumor cells. General significance As tumors express nitric oxide synthase and generate •NO, inhibition of topo II functions by •NO/•NO-derived species could render tumors resistant to certain topo II-poisons in the clinic. Nitric oxide (•NO) induces nitrosylation of many proteins, including topoisomerases. Nitrosation of topo II inhibited catalytic-, and ATPase activities of topo II. Inhibition of topo II activity resulted in resistance to topoisomerase II poisons.
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Janežič M, Pogorelčnik B, Brvar M, Solmajer T, Perdih A. 3-substituted-1H-indazoles as Catalytic Inhibitors of the Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Janežič
- National Institute of Chemistry; Hajdrihova 19, SI- 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Matjaž Brvar
- National Institute of Chemistry; Hajdrihova 19, SI- 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tom Solmajer
- National Institute of Chemistry; Hajdrihova 19, SI- 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry; Hajdrihova 19, SI- 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
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22
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23
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study on peptidomimetic analogues of XK469. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:311-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Liberio MS, Sadowski MC, Davis RA, Rockstroh A, Vasireddy R, Lehman ML, Nelson CC. The ascidian natural product eusynstyelamide B is a novel topoisomerase II poison that induces DNA damage and growth arrest in prostate and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43944-63. [PMID: 26733491 PMCID: PMC4791278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an anti-cancer natural product drug discovery program, we recently identified eusynstyelamide B (EB), which displayed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of EB in cancer cell lines of the prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MDA-MB-231). EB inhibited cell growth (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced a G2 cell cycle arrest, as shown by a significant increase in the G2/M cell population in the absence of elevated levels of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3. In contrast to MDA-MB-231 cells, EB did not induce cell death in LNCaP cells when treated for up to 10 days. Transcript profiling and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that EB activated DNA damage pathways in LNCaP cells. Consistent with this, CHK2 phosphorylation was increased, p21CIP1/WAF1 was up-regulated and CDC2 expression strongly reduced by EB. Importantly, EB caused DNA double-strand breaks, yet did not directly interact with DNA. Analysis of topoisomerase II-mediated decatenation discovered that EB is a novel topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Liberio
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raj Vasireddy
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Jun KY, Kwon Y. Proposal of Dual Inhibitor Targeting ATPase Domains of Topoisomerase II and Heat Shock Protein 90. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:453-68. [PMID: 27582553 PMCID: PMC5012869 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a conserved ATPase domain in topoisomerase II (topo II) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) which belong to the GHKL (gyrase, Hsp90, histidine kinase, and MutL) family. The inhibitors that target each of topo II and Hsp90 are intensively studied as anti-cancer drugs since they play very important roles in cell proliferation and survival. Therefore the development of dual targeting anti-cancer drugs for topo II and Hsp90 is suggested to be a promising area. The topo II and Hsp90 inhibitors, known to bind to their ATP binding site, were searched. All the inhibitors investigated were docked to both topo II and Hsp90. Four candidate compounds as possible dual inhibitors were selected by analyzing the molecular docking study. The pharmacophore model of dual inhibitors for topo II and Hsp90 were generated and the design of novel dual inhibitor was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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26
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Ahmad P, Woo H, Jun KY, Kadi AA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Kwon Y, Rahman AFMM. Design, synthesis, topoisomerase I & II inhibitory activity, antiproliferative activity, and structure-activity relationship study of pyrazoline derivatives: An ATP-competitive human topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1898-908. [PMID: 26988802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazoline derivatives (5) were synthesized in 92-96% yields from chalcones (3) and hydrazides (4). Subsequently, topo-I and IIα-mediated relaxation and antiproliferative activity assays were evaluated for 5. Among the tested compounds, 5h had a very strong topo-I activity of 97% (Camptothecin, 74%) at concentration of 100 μM. Nevertheless, all the compounds 5a-5i showed significant topo II inhibitory activity in the range of 90-94% (Etoposide, 96%) at the same concentration. Cytotoxic potential of these compounds was tested in a panel of three human tumor cell lines, HCT15, BT474 and T47D. All the compounds showed strong activity against HCT15 cell line with IC50 at the range of 1.9-10.4 μM (Adriamycin, 23.0; Etoposide, 6.9; and Camptothecin, 7.1 μM). Moreover, compounds 5c, 5f and 5i were observed to have strong antiproliferative activity against BT474 cell lines. Since, compound 5d showed antiproliferative activity at a very low IC50 thus 5d was then selected to study on their mode of action with diverse methods of ATP competition assay, ATPase assay and DNA-topo IIα cleavable complex assay and the results revealed that it functioned as a ATP-competitive human topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor. Further evaluation of endogenous topo-mediated DNA relaxation in cells has been conducted to find that, 5d inhibited endogenous topo-mediated pBR322 plasmid relaxation is more efficient (78.0 ± 4.7% at 50 μM) than Etoposide (36.0 ± 1.7% at 50 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervez Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyunjung Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Vann KR, Ergün Y, Zencir S, Oncuoglu S, Osheroff N, Topcu Z. Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase IIα by two novel ellipticine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1809-12. [PMID: 26906637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) is an antineoplastic agent that intercalates into DNA and alters topoisomerase II activity. Unfortunately, this compound displays a number of adverse properties. Therefore, to investigate new ellipticine-based compounds for their potential as topoisomerase II-targeted drugs, we synthesized two novel derivatives, N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticine (ET-1) and 2-methyl-N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticinium iodide (ET-2). As determined by DNA decatenation and cleavage assays, ET-1 and ET-2 act as catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα and are both more potent than the parent compound. Neither compound impairs the ability of the type II enzyme to bind its DNA substrate. Finally, the potency of ET-1 and ET-2 as catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα appears to be related to their ability to intercalate into the double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Vann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yavuz Ergün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Zencir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Oncuoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Zeki Topcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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28
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Pogorelčnik B, Janežič M, Sosič I, Gobec S, Solmajer T, Perdih A. 4,6-Substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones as monocyclic catalytic inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα targeting the ATP binding site. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4218-4229. [PMID: 26183545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase IIα (htIIα) is a validated target for the development of novel anticancer agents. Starting from our discovered 4-amino-1,3,5-triazine inhibitors of htIIα, we investigated a library of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines for novel inhibitors that bind to the htIIα ATP binding site using a combination of structure-based and ligand-based pharmacophore models and molecular docking. 4,6-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones 8, 9 and 14 were identified as novel inhibitors with activity comparable to the established drug etoposide (1). Compound 8 inhibits the htIIα decatenation in a superior fashion to etoposide. Cleavage assays demonstrated that selected compounds 8 and 14 do not act as poisons and antagonize the poison effect of etoposide. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) confirmed binding of compound 8 to the htIIα ATPase domain and compound 14 effectively inhibits the htIIα mediated ATP hydrolysis. The molecular dynamics simulation study provides further insight into the molecular recognition. The 4,6-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones represent the first validated monocyclic class of catalytic inhibitors that bind to the to the htIIα ATPase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matej Janežič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Solmajer
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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29
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Jun KY, Park SE, Liang JL, Jahng Y, Kwon Y. Benzo[b]tryptanthrin Inhibits MDR1, Topoisomerase Activity, and Reverses Adriamycin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:827-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Kwon HB, Park C, Jeon KH, Lee E, Park SE, Jun KY, Kadayat TM, Thapa P, Karki R, Na Y, Park MS, Rho SB, Lee ES, Kwon Y. A Series of Novel Terpyridine-Skeleton Molecule Derivants Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Targeting Topoisomerases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1100-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501023q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Thapa
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Radha Karki
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College
of Pharmacy, Cha University, Pochon 487-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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31
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Potter E, Jha M, Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HV, Balzarini J, Jha A. Investigation of fatty acid conjugates of 3,5-bisarylmethylene-4-piperidone derivatives as antitumor agents and human topoisomerase-IIα inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Chaudhary V, Das S, Nayak A, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN. Scaffold-hopping and hybridization based design and building block strategic synthesis of pyridine-annulated purines: discovery of novel apoptotic anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of novel pyridine annulated purines are considered as potential anticancer agents based on scaffold-hopping and hybridization of known drugs and bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Sarita Das
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Chanakya N. Kundu
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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33
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Pogorelčnik B, Brvar M, Žegura B, Filipič M, Solmajer T, Perdih A. Discovery of Mono- and Disubstituted 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4]pyrimidines and 9H-Purines as Catalytic Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:345-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Zoledronic acid induces apoptosis and S-phase arrest in mesothelioma through inhibiting Rab family proteins and topoisomerase II actions. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1517. [PMID: 25393473 PMCID: PMC4260733 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, produced anti-tumor effects through apoptosis induction or S-phase arrest depending on human mesothelioma cells tested. An addition of isoprenoid, geranylgeraniol but not farnesol, negated these ZOL-induced effects, indicating that the ZOL-mediated effects were attributable to depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphates which were substrates for prenylation processes of small guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (small G proteins). ZOL-treated cells decreased a ratio of membrane to cytoplasmic fractions in RhoA, Cdc42 and Rab6 but less significantly Rac1 proteins, indicating that these proteins were possible targets for ZOL-induced actions. We further analyzed which small G proteins were responsible for the three ZOL-induced effects, caspase-mediated apoptosis, S-phase arrest and morphological changes, using inhibitors for respective small G proteins and siRNA for Cdc42. ZOL-induced apoptosis is due to insufficient prenylation of Rab proteins because an inhibitor of geranlygeranyl transferase II that was specific for Rab family proteins prenylation, but not others inhibitors, activated the same apoptotic pathways that ZOL did. ZOL suppressed an endogenous topoisomerase II activity, which was associated with apoptosis and S-phase arrest in respective cells because we detected the same cell cycle changes in etoposide-treated cells. Inhibitors for geranlygeranyl transferase I and for RhoA produced morphological changes and disrupted actin fiber structures, both of which were similar to those by ZOL treatments. These data demonstrated that anti-tumor effects by ZOL were attributable to inhibited functions of respective small G proteins and topoisomerase II activity, and suggested that cellular factors were involved in the differential cell cycle changes.
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35
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Pogorelčnik B, Brvar M, Zajc I, Filipič M, Solmajer T, Perdih A. Monocyclic 4-amino-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazines as inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5762-5768. [PMID: 25453816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase IIα (htIIα) is a validated target for the development of anticancer agents. Starting from the available information about the binding of the purine-based htIIα inhibitors in the ATP binding site we designed a virtual screening campaign combining structure-based and ligand-based pharmacophores with a molecular docking calculation searching for compounds that would contain a monocycle mimetic of the purine moiety. We discovered novel 4-amino-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazines 6, 7 and 11 as monocyclic htIIα inhibitors targeting the ATP binding site. Compound 6 from the 1,3,5-triazine series also displayed cytotoxicity properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines and selectivity against human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matjaž Brvar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Zajc
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Solmajer
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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36
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Paul NK, Jha M, Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV, Balzarini J, Jha A. All trans 1-(3-arylacryloyl)-3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)piperidin-4-ones as curcumin-inspired antineoplastics. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:461-70. [PMID: 25282269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of eleven N-acryloyl/N-cinnamoyl 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-yl)methylene-4-piperidones were synthesized as curcumin-based candidate antineoplastic agents. The cytostatic potency of these compounds was evaluated against three representative cell lines and all compounds were found to exhibit significant anti-cancer cell activity in vitro. QSAR studies using several physicochemical parameters and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values resulted in certain important correlations which will aid design of more potent analogs. Representative test compounds were investigated in the NCI 60-cell line panel where they were found to display a profound cytotoxicity. These compounds were also potent anti-oxidants and inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα. Representative compounds were well-tolerated by human fibroblasts and by mice during the survival/toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6
| | - Mamta Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6.
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37
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Daumar P, Zeglis BM, Ramos N, Divilov V, Sevak KK, Pillarsetty N, Lewis JS. Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-labeled ATP competitive inhibitors of topoisomerase II as probes for imaging topoisomerase II expression. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:769-81. [PMID: 25240701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type II topoisomerase (Topo-II) is an ATP-dependent enzyme that is essential in the transcription, replication, and chromosome segregation processes and, as such, represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Numerous studies indicate that the response to treatment with Topo-II inhibitors is highly dependent on both the levels and the activity of the enzyme. Consequently, a non-invasive assay to measure tumoral Topo-II levels has the potential to differentiate responders from non-responders. With the ultimate goal of developing a radiofluorinated tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a set of fluorinated compounds based on the structure of the ATP-competitive Topo-II inhibitor QAP1. Compounds 18 and 19b showed inhibition of Topo-II in in vitro assays and exhibited moderate, Topo-II level dependent cytotoxicity in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Based on these results, (18)F-labeled analogs of these two compounds were synthesized and evaluated as PET probes for imaging Topo-II overexpression in mice bearing SK-BR-3 xenografts. [(18)F]-18 and [(18)F]-19b were synthesized from their corresponding protected tosylated derivatives by fluorination and subsequent deprotection. Small animal PET imaging studies indicated that both compounds do not accumulate in tumors and exhibit poor pharmacokinetics, clearing from the blood pool very rapidly and getting metabolized over. The insights gained from the current study will surely aid in the design and construction of future generations of PET agents for the non-invasive delineation of Topo-II expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Daumar
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas Ramos
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vadim Divilov
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kuntal Kumar Sevak
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - NagaVaraKishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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38
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Mayer C, Janin YL. Non-quinolone inhibitors of bacterial type IIA topoisomerases: a feat of bioisosterism. Chem Rev 2013; 114:2313-42. [PMID: 24313284 DOI: 10.1021/cr4003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur , 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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39
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Bau JT, Kang Z, Austin CA, Kurz EU. Salicylate, a Catalytic Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II, Inhibits DNA Cleavage and Is Selective for the α Isoform. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:198-207. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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40
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Park SE, Chang IH, Jun KY, Lee E, Lee ES, Na Y, Kwon Y. 3-(3-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-1-hydroxy-xanthen-9-one acts as a topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor with low DNA damage. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:139-45. [PMID: 24013413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a continuous study we prepared several alkylamine (n = 3-6) and evaluated for the pharmacological activity and mode of action. In the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) inhibition test, compound 4 showed strongest inhibitory activity among the compounds at 10 μM. Inhibitory activities of the compounds are in the order of 4 (n = 4) > 1 (n = 3) >> 5 (n = 5) ≈ 6 (n = 6); 8 (n = 4) >> 7 (n = 3) ≈ 9 (n = 5) ≈ 10 (n = 6) where n is the number of carbon in the aliphatic side chain in ring C and compounds 7-10 have additional methoxy group in ring A compared to compounds 1, 4-6. Compound 4 showed efficient cytotoxicities against T47D (IC₅₀: 0.93 ± 0.04 μM) and HCT15 (IC50: 0.78 ± 0.01 μM) cells, which are higher than etoposide. Compound 4 was also an ATP-competitive human topo IIα catalytic inhibitor with partially blocking human topo IIα-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis and intercalating into DNA. Compound 4 induced much less DNA damage than etoposide in HCT15 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Overall, compound 4 can be a potential anticancer agent acting as topo IIα catalytic inhibitor with low DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy & Ewha Global Top5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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41
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DNA topoisomerase II is involved in regulation of cyst wall protein genes and differentiation in Giardia lamblia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2218. [PMID: 23696909 PMCID: PMC3656124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Giardia lamblia differentiates into infectious cysts within the human intestinal tract for disease transmission. Expression of the cyst wall protein (cwp) genes increases with similar kinetics during encystation. However, little is known how their gene regulation shares common mechanisms. DNA topoisomerases maintain normal topology of genomic DNA. They are necessary for cell proliferation and tissue development as they are involved in transcription, DNA replication, and chromosome condensation. A putative topoisomerase II (topo II) gene has been identified in the G. lamblia genome. We asked whether Topo II could regulate Giardia encystation. We found that Topo II was present in cell nuclei and its gene was up-regulated during encystation. Topo II has typical ATPase and DNA cleavage activity of type II topoisomerases. Mutation analysis revealed that the catalytic important Tyr residue and cleavage domain are important for Topo II function. We used etoposide-mediated topoisomerase immunoprecipitation assays to confirm the binding of Topo II to the cwp promoters in vivo. Interestingly, Topo II overexpression increased the levels of cwp gene expression and cyst formation. Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of cwp and specific vsp genes by Topo II. We also found that the type II topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide has growth inhibition effect on Giardia. Addition of etoposide significantly decreased the levels of cwp gene expression and cyst formation. Our results suggest that Topo II has been functionally conserved during evolution and that Topo II plays important roles in induction of the cwp genes, which is key to Giardia differentiation into cysts. Giardia lamblia becomes infective by differentiation into water-resistant cysts. During encystation, cyst wall proteins (CWPs) are highly synthesized and are targeted to the cyst wall. However, little is known about the regulation mechanisms of these genes. DNA topoisomerases can resolve the topological problems and are needed for a variety of key cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and organ development in higher eukaryotes. We found that giardial Topo II was highly expressed during encystation. Topo II is present in Giardia nuclei and is associated with the encystation-induced cwp gene promoters. Topo II has typical DNA cleavage activity of type II topoisomerases. Interestingly, overexpression of Topo II can induce cwp gene expression and cyst formation. Addition of a type II topoisomerase inhibitor, etoposide, significantly decreased the levels of cwp gene expression and cyst formation. Etoposide also has growth inhibition effect on Giardia. Our results suggest that Topo II plays an important role in induction of encystation by up-regulation of the cwp gene expression. Our results provide insights into the function of Topo II in parasite differentiation into cysts and help develop ways to interrupt the parasite life cycle.
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42
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Shapiro AB. A high-throughput-compatible, fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for ATP-dependent supercoiled DNA relaxation by human topoisomerase IIα. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1269-77. [PMID: 23415903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel, high-throughput-compatible assay for the ATP-dependent supercoiled DNA relaxing activity of human topoisomerase IIα (hTopoIIα) is described. The principle of detection is the preferential binding of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide BODIPY-TMR-5'-TTCTTCTTCT-3' to relaxed double-stranded plasmid containing the triplex forming sequence (TTC)9 versus the supercoiled plasmid. Binding of the oligonucleotide to the plasmid increases the fluorescence anisotropy of the BODIPY-TMR label. Optimization of the assay conditions was conducted to maximize the signal and the activity of the topoisomerase. The multiwell assay plate-based fluorescence anisotropy assay gave the same values for the potencies of several previously reported inhibitors of hTopoIIα as a gel electrophoresis-based assay of DNA relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Shapiro
- Bioscience Department, Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA 02451 USA.
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43
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Furlanetto V, Zagotto G, Pasquale R, Moro S, Gatto B. Ellagic acid and polyhydroxylated urolithins are potent catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase II: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9162-9170. [PMID: 22924519 DOI: 10.1021/jf302600q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol abundant in fruits and common in our diet, is under intense investigation for its chemopreventive activity resulting from multiple effects. EA inhibits topoisomerase II, but the effects on the human enzyme of urolithins, its monolactone metabolites, are not known. Therefore, the action of several synthetic urolithins toward topoisomerases II was evaluated, showing that polyhydroxylated urolithins, EA, and EA-related compounds are potent inhibitors of the α and β isoforms of human topoisomerase II at submicromolar concentrations. Competition tests demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between ATP and the inhibition of the enzyme. Docking experiments show that the active compounds bind the ATP pocket of the human enzyme, thus supporting the hypothesis that EA and polyhydroxylated urolithins act as ATP-competitive inhibitors of human topoisomerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Furlanetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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44
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Ryan E, Blake AJ, Benoit A, David MF, Robert AK. Efficacy of substituted 9-aminoacridine derivatives in small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:285-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Auzanneau C, Montaudon D, Jacquet R, Puyo S, Pouységu L, Deffieux D, Elkaoukabi-Chaibi A, De Giorgi F, Ichas F, Quideau S, Pourquier P. The polyphenolic ellagitannin vescalagin acts as a preferential catalytic inhibitor of the α isoform of human DNA topoisomerase II. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:134-41. [PMID: 22528119 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic ellagitannins are natural compounds that are often associated with the therapeutic activity of plant extracts used in traditional medicine. They display cancer-preventing activity in animal models by a mechanism that remains unclear. Potential targets have been proposed, including DNA topoisomerases II (Top2). Top2α and Top2β, the two isoforms of the human Top2, play a crucial role in the regulation of replication, transcription, and chromosome segregation. They are the target of anticancer agents used in the clinic such as anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin) or the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide. It was recently shown that the antitumor activity of etoposide was due primarily to the inhibition of Top2α, whereas inhibition of Top2β was responsible for the development of secondary malignancies, pointing to the need for more selective Top2α inhibitors. Here, we show that the polyphenolic ellagitannin vescalagin preferentially inhibits the decatenation activity of Top2α in vitro, by a redox-independent mechanism. In CEM cells, we also show that transient small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of Top2α but not of Top2β conferred a resistance to vescalagin, indicating that the α isoform is a preferential target. We further confirmed that Top2α inhibition was due to a catalytic inhibition of the enzyme because it did not induce DNA double-strand breaks in CEM-treated cells but prevented the formation of Top2α- rather than Top2β-DNA covalent complexes induced by etoposide. To our knowledge, vescalagin is the first example of a catalytic inhibitor for which cytotoxicity is due, at least in part, to the preferential inhibition of Top2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Auzanneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U916 and Université de Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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46
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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47
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Kathiravan MK, Khilare MM, Nikoomanesh K, Chothe AS, Jain KS. Topoisomerase as target for antibacterial and anticancer drug discovery. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:419-35. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.658785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K. Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhavi M. Khilare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiana Nikoomanesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Maharashtra, India
| | - Aparna S. Chothe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AISSMS College of Pharmacy,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishor S. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Maharashtra, India
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48
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[Molecular determinants of response to topoisomerase II inhibitors]. Bull Cancer 2012; 98:1299-310. [PMID: 22023806 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2011.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear topoisomerases II (Top2) are involved in the relaxation of DNA supercoiling during transcription and replication but also play a pivotal role in the segregation of newly replicated chromosomes and in chromatin remodelling. Top2 have been used as targets for the development of anticancer drugs. These inhibitors include anthracyclines (doxorubcin, daunorubicin, epirubicin) and epipodophyllotoxins (etoposide), which are widely used in the clinic. These drugs poison Top2 by trapping the enzyme on its DNA cleavage sites, which results in irreversible double-strand breaks that are responsible for cell death. They also include Top2 catalytic inhibitors such as bisdioxopiperazines (ICRF-187 and merbarone), which inhibit Top2 binding to its substrate. Efficacy of Top2 inhibitors is still limited by the problem of resistance, which involves various mechanisms from drug transport and/or metabolism to the signalling and/or repair of Top2-mediated DNA lesions. Secondary malignancies induced by the poisoning of Top2β are also a major clinical issue. A better understanding of these mechanisms is critical for the future development of new Top2 inhibitors and the identification of biomarkers that could be used to predict tumour response to these drugs in the clinic and to adapt the treatment to each patient.
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Cunningham ML. The role of enzymology in a structure-based drug discovery program: bacterial DNA gyrase. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 841:179-207. [PMID: 22222453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-520-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The capability to accurately, rapidly, and reproducibly determine the affinity of a ligand for a target protein or enzyme is a vital component for a successful structure-based drug design effort. In order to successfully drive a structure-based drug design (SBDD) project forward, multiple distinct assays, each with particular strengths and weaknesses, need to be employed. Using bacterial DNA gyrase as an example, a range of assays are described that will fully support an SBDD program.
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