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Guo Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Tian H, Liu TX, Li Z. Plants affect the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae by modulating honeydew production. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:236-254. [PMID: 37370252 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In a tritrophic context of plant-insect-entomopathogen, plants play important roles in modulating the interaction of insects and their pathogenic viruses. Currently, the influence of plants on the transmission of insect viruses has been mainly studied on baculoviruses and some RNA viruses, whereas the impact of plants on other insect viruses is largely unknown. Here, we identified a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and tested whether and how host plants influence the transmission of the aphid densovirus. The complete single-stranded DNA genome of the virus, M. persicae densovirus 2, is 5 727 nt and contains inverted terminal repeats. Transcription and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus was distinct from other a few identified aphid densoviruses. The virus abundance was detected highly in the intestinal tract of aphids, compared with the lower level of it in other tissues including head, embryo, and epidermis. Cabbage and pepper plants had no obvious effect on the vertical transmission and saliva-mediated horizontal transmission of the virus. However, the honeydew-mediated horizontal transmission among aphids highly depended on host plants (65% on cabbages versus 17% on peppers). Although the virus concentration in the honeydew produced by aphids between 2 plants was similar, the honeydew production of the infected aphids reared on peppers was dramatically reduced. Taken together, our results provide evidence that plants influence the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus in an aphid population by modulating honeydew secretion of aphids, suggesting plants may manipulate the spread of an aphid-pathogenic densovirus in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honggang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Entomology and Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Saran C, Genç HY. Genetic diversity of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations in Türkiye. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:146. [PMID: 38236331 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important worldwide pest of plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity of DBM populations in Brassicaceae production areas in Türkiye using the partial mtDNA CO1 gene region. METHODS We determined 43 samples from 11 different populations for haplotype variations using the partial mitochondrial DNA sequences a 684 bp fragment of the CO1 gene. RESULTS The results indicated that, the average haplotype diversity (Hd) was determined as 0.962 and nucleotide diversity (π) was determined as 0.557%. In neutrality tests, negative values were obtained in Tajima's D and Fu' Fs tests (Fu' Fs=-0.40, Tajima's D=-0.01). Tajima's D test was not found significant (p > 0.05). Fst value among DBM population estimates ranged from 0 to 0.631. Barcode gap distance was determined as 1.6%, but the intraspecies of genetic distance were found to be 0.15%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the presented study provided detailed and fundamental information about the genetic diversity of DBM populations in Türkiye. Further studies are needed to develop alternative pest management strategies for DBM populations integrating genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Saran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Hanife Yandayan Genç
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey.
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3
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Mathers TC, Wouters RHM, Mugford ST, Biello R, van Oosterhout C, Hogenhout SA. Hybridisation has shaped a recent radiation of grass-feeding aphids. BMC Biol 2023; 21:157. [PMID: 37443008 PMCID: PMC10347838 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are common crop pests. These insects reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis involving several rounds of clonal reproduction interspersed with an occasional sexual cycle. Furthermore, clonal aphids give birth to live young that are already pregnant. These qualities enable rapid population growth and have facilitated the colonisation of crops globally. In several cases, so-called "super clones" have come to dominate agricultural systems. However, the extent to which the sexual stage of the aphid life cycle has shaped global pest populations has remained unclear, as have the origins of successful lineages. Here, we used chromosome-scale genome assemblies to disentangle the evolution of two global pests of cereals-the English (Sitobion avenae) and Indian (Sitobion miscanthi) grain aphids. RESULTS Genome-wide divergence between S. avenae and S. miscanthi is low. Moreover, comparison of haplotype-resolved assemblies revealed that the S. miscanthi isolate used for genome sequencing is likely a hybrid, with one of its diploid genome copies closely related to S. avenae (~ 0.5% divergence) and the other substantially more divergent (> 1%). Population genomics analyses of UK and China grain aphids showed that S. avenae and S. miscanthi are part of a cryptic species complex with many highly differentiated lineages that predate the origins of agriculture. The complex consists of hybrid lineages that display a tangled history of hybridisation and genetic introgression. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses reveal that hybridisation has substantially contributed to grain aphid diversity, and hence, to the evolutionary potential of this important pest species. Furthermore, we propose that aphids are particularly well placed to exploit hybridisation events via the rapid propagation of live-born "frozen hybrids" via asexual reproduction, increasing the likelihood of hybrid lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Tree of Life, Welcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Roland H M Wouters
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sam T Mugford
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Roberto Biello
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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Hemming D, Bell J, Collier R, Dunbar T, Dunstone N, Everatt M, Eyre D, Kaye N, Korycinska A, Pickup J, Scaife AA. Likelihood of Extreme Early Flight of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Across the UK. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1342-1349. [PMID: 35348697 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major global crop pest; it is the primary aphid vector for many damaging viruses and has developed resistance to most insecticides. In temperate regions, the risk of widespread crop infection and yield loss is heightened following warm winters, which encourage rapid population growth and early flight. Estimates of the frequency and magnitude of warm winters are, therefore, helpful for understanding and managing this risk. However, it is difficult to quantify the statistical distribution of climate events, particularly extremes, because climate observations represent just a small sample of the possible climate variations in a region. The purpose of this study was to establish a large-scale relationship between temperature and M. persicae observations across the UK and apply this to a very large ensemble of climate model simulations, which better sample the variability in climate, to quantify the current likelihood of extreme early M. persicae flight across the UK. The timing of M. persicae flight was shown to be significantly related to January-February mean temperature, where a 1°C warmer/cooler temperature relates to about 12 d earlier/later flight. Climate model simulations predict 40% likelihood of experiencing a year with unprecedented early M. persicae flight during the next decade in the UK. Results from this method can help crop managers assess the long-term viability of crops and management practices across the UK and provide early warning information for targeting pest surveillance activities on the locations and timings at highest risk of early M. persicae flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hemming
- Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Bell
- Rothamsted Insect Survey, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Rosemary Collier
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne Campus, Warwick, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil Kaye
- Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jon Pickup
- Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam A Scaife
- Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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González-González A, Yañez O, Ballesteros GI, Palma-Millanao R, Figueroa CC, Niemeyer HM, Ramírez CC. A mutation increases the specificity to plant compounds in an insect chemosensory protein. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu T, Chen J, Jiang L, Qiao G. Human‐mediated eco‐evolutionary processes of the herbivorous insect
Hyalopterus arundiniformis
during the Holocene. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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7
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Universal Mitochondrial Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (mtMLSA) to Characterise Populations of Unanticipated Plant Pest Biosecurity Detections. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050654. [PMID: 35625382 PMCID: PMC9138331 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Agricultural and environmental sustainability requires effective biosecurity responses that prevent the establishment or spread of exotic insect pests. Understanding where new detections may have come from or if recurrent detections are connected contributes to this. Suitable population genetic markers use relatively rapidly evolving gene regions which render the PCR method species-specific at best. Because resource limitations mean these are pre-emptively developed for the highest risk species, populations of other exotic pests are unable to be characterised at the time. Here we have developed a generic method that is useful across species within the same taxonomic Order, including where there is little or no prior knowledge of their gene sequences. Markers are formed by concomitant sequencing of four gene regions. Sequence concatenation was shown to retrieve higher resolution signatures than standard DNA barcoding. The method is encouragingly universal, as illustrated across species in ten fly and 11 moth superfamilies. Although as-yet untested in a biosecurity situation, this relatively low-tech, off-the-shelf method makes a proactive contribution to the toolbox of quarantine agencies at the time of detection without the need for impromptu species-specific research and development. Abstract Biosecurity responses to post-border exotic pest detections are more effective with knowledge of where the species may have originated from or if recurrent detections are connected. Population genetic markers for this are typically species-specific and not available in advance for any but the highest risk species, leaving other less anticipated species difficult to assess at the time. Here, new degenerate PCR primer sets are designed for within the Lepidoptera and Diptera for the 3′ COI, ND3, ND6, and 3′ plus 5′ 16S gene regions. These are shown to be universal at the ordinal level amongst species of 14 and 15 families across 10 and 11 dipteran and lepidopteran superfamilies, respectively. Sequencing the ND3 amplicons as an example of all the loci confirmed detection of population-level variation. This supported finding multiple population haplotypes from the publicly available sequences. Concatenation of the sequences also confirmed that higher population resolution is achieved than for the individual genes. Although as-yet untested in a biosecurity situation, this method is a relatively simple, off-the-shelf means to characterise populations. This makes a proactive contribution to the toolbox of quarantine agencies at the time of detection without the need for unprepared species-specific research and development.
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Umina PA, Reidy-Crofts J, Edwards O, Chirgwin E, Ward S, Maino J, Babineau M. Susceptibility of the Cowpea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Widely Used Insecticides in Australia. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:143-150. [PMID: 35139214 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally, 27 aphid species have evolved resistance to almost 100 insecticide active ingredients. A proactive approach to resistance management in pest aphids is needed; this should include risk analysis, followed by regular baseline susceptibility assays for species deemed at high risk of evolving resistance. The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) has evolved insecticide resistance to multiple insecticides outside Australia and was recently identified as a high-risk species in Australia. In this study, we generated toxicity data against four insecticides (representing four unique chemical Mode of Action groups) for populations of A. craccivora collected across Australia. Alpha-cypermethrin was the most toxic chemical to A. craccivora in leaf-dip laboratory bioassays with an average LC50 value across nine populations of 0.008 mg a.i./L, which was significantly lower than dimethoate (1.17 mg a.i./L) and pirimicarb (0.89 mg a.i./L). Small, but significant, differences in sensitivity were detected in some populations against pirimicarb and dimethoate, whereas responses to alpha-cypermethrin and imidacloprid were not significantly different across all aphid populations examined in this study. For all insecticides, the field rate controlled 100% of individuals tested. The data generated will be important for future monitoring of insecticide responses of A. craccivora. Proactive management, including increased reliance on non-chemical pest management approaches and routine insecticide baseline sensitivity studies, is recommended for A. craccivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Reidy-Crofts
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - O Edwards
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Chirgwin
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Ward
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Maino
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Babineau
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
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Papadimitriou F, Folia M, Ilias A, Papapetrou P, Roditakis E, Bass C, Vontas J, T Margaritopoulos J. Flupyradifurone resistance in Myzus persicae populations from peach and tobacco in Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:304-312. [PMID: 34498376 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae has evolved resistance to various insecticides in Greece. Here we examine the effectiveness of the insecticide flupyradifurone against aphid clones collected from tobacco and peach in Greece during 2017-2020. Furthermore, we monitored the frequency of the neonicotinoid resistance mutation R81T in the sampled clones, and the association between the responses to flupyradifurone and acetamiprid. RESULTS Of 43 clones tested with flupyradifurone, 6.977%, 60.465% and 32.558% showed low (10-14), moderate (19-89) and high (104-1914) resistance factor (RF) values, respectively. Resistance was higher in clones from peach than from tobacco with 42.308% and 17.647% of clones (respectively) failing into the high RF category (median RF values 67.5 and 36.4 for clones from peach and tobacco, respectively). Acetamiprid resistance was detected in clones collected in 2019-2020, in line with our previous study in Greece. The analysis of the whole dataset (54 clones collected during 2017-2020) revealed that all tobacco clones had RF < 7.5, whereas 55.263%, 18.421% and 26.316% of the peach clones exhibited low (<12), moderate (20-48) and high (100-145) RF values, respectively. A significant but moderate association between flupyradifurone and acetamiprid responses was detected (r = 0.513, P < 0.001). The R81T mutation was detected in aphids from peach (5.6% and 32.6% as homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively) and in one aphid specimen (heterozygote) from tobacco. R81T was partially associated with the resistance to both insecticides, but many highly resistant clones did not possess the mutation, indicating the possible operation of one or more alternative underlying resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The use of flupyradifurone and acetamiprid in IPM/IRM should be based on further ongoing susceptibility monitoring. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillothei Papadimitriou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Folia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Papapetrou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
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10
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Singh KS, Cordeiro EMG, Troczka BJ, Pym A, Mackisack J, Mathers TC, Duarte A, Legeai F, Robin S, Bielza P, Burrack HJ, Charaabi K, Denholm I, Figueroa CC, ffrench-Constant RH, Jander G, Margaritopoulos JT, Mazzoni E, Nauen R, Ramírez CC, Ren G, Stepanyan I, Umina PA, Voronova NV, Vontas J, Williamson MS, Wilson ACC, Xi-Wu G, Youn YN, Zimmer CT, Simon JC, Hayward A, Bass C. Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:847. [PMID: 34234279 PMCID: PMC8263593 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host-plant associations, uncovering the widespread co-option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurabh Singh
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Erick M. G. Cordeiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bartlomiej J. Troczka
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Adam Pym
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Joanna Mackisack
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Thomas C. Mathers
- grid.14830.3e0000 0001 2175 7246Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | | | | | - Pablo Bielza
- grid.218430.c0000 0001 2153 2602Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Hannah J. Burrack
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kamel Charaabi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Ariana Tunisia
| | - Ian Denholm
- grid.5846.f0000 0001 2161 9644Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Christian C. Figueroa
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Richard H. ffrench-Constant
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Georg Jander
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBoyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - John T. Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection at Volos, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DEMETER’, Volos, Greece
| | - Emanuele Mazzoni
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Section Sustainable Crop and Food Protection, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ralf Nauen
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Claudio C. Ramírez
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Guangwei Ren
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ilona Stepanyan
- grid.418094.00000 0001 1146 7878Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Science, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Paul A. Umina
- Cesar, Parkville, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Nina V. Voronova
- grid.17678.3f0000 0001 1092 255XThe Department of General Ecology and Methods of Biology Teaching, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - John Vontas
- grid.4834.b0000 0004 0635 685XInstitute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece ,grid.10985.350000 0001 0794 1186Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin S. Williamson
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Alex C. C. Wilson
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Gao Xi-Wu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Nam Youn
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Applied Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Christoph T. Zimmer
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK ,grid.420222.40000 0001 0669 0426Present Address: Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | | | - Alex Hayward
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Chris Bass
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
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Margaritopoulos JT, Kati AN, Voudouris CC, Skouras PJ, Tsitsipis JA. Long-term studies on the evolution of resistance of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to insecticides in Greece. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-16. [PMID: 32539892 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aphid Myzus persicae s.l. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of many crops worldwide with a complex life cycle, intensely controlled by chemical pesticides, and has developed resistance to almost all used insecticides. In Greece, the aphid exhibits high genetic variation and adaptability and it is a classic example of evolution in the making. We have been studying M. persicae for over 20 years, on different host plants and varying geographical areas, analyzing its bio-ecology and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. In this review, we present new and historical data on the effectiveness of insecticides from seven chemical groups used to control the aphid in Greece and the incidence of seven resistance mechanisms, including the new fast-spreading R81T point mutation of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Thousands of samples were tested by biological, biochemical and molecular assays. The aphid populations were found to have developed and maintain resistance at medium to high levels to organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids for decades. In the latter group, a marked increase is recorded during an ~10-year period. The data analyzed and the extensive bibliography, advocate the difficulty to control the aphid making the design and application of IPM/IRM programs a challenge. We discuss principles and recommendations for the management of resistance, including the use of compounds such as flonicamid, spirotetramat, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor. We emphasize that resistance is a dynamic phenomenon, changing in time and space, requiring, therefore, continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - A N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Ch Voudouris
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - P J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, University of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Greece
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12
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Wróblewska-Kurdyk A, Dancewicz K, Gliszczyńska A, Gabryś B. New insight into the behaviour modifying activity of two natural sesquiterpenoids farnesol and nerolidol towards Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:249-258. [PMID: 31559933 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of structurally related sesquiterpenoids (E,E)-farnesol and cis-nerolidol on the host-plant selection behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was evaluated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. No repellent effects of (E,E)-farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol to M. persicae were found but aphid probing activities on (E,E)-farnesol- and cis-nerolidol-treated plants were restrained. During non-phloem phases of probing, neither (E,E)-farnesol nor (Z)-nerolidol affected the cell puncture activity. On (E,E)-farnesol-treated plants, the total duration of phloem phase, the mean duration of individual sustained ingestion periods were significantly lower, and the proportion of phloem salivation was higher than on control plants. On (Z)-nerolidol-treated plants, the occurrence of the first phloem phase was delayed, and the frequency of the phloem phase was lower than on control plants. The freely moving aphids were reluctant to remain on (E,E)-farnesol- and (Z)-nerolidol-treated leaves for at least 24 h after exposure. (E,E)-Farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol show complementary deterrent properties, (E,E)-farnesol showing ingestive and post-ingestive activities and nerolidol showing pre-ingestive, ingestive, and post-ingestive deterrent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wróblewska-Kurdyk
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental AND Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516Zielona Góra, Poland
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13
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Loxdale HD, Balog A, Biron DG. Aphids in focus: unravelling their complex ecology and evolution using genetic and molecular approaches. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aphids are renowned plant parasites of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, causing direct physical damage by sucking phloem and especially by transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. The huge yield loss they cause amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars globally, and because of this damage and the intense efforts expended on control, some 20 species are now resistant to pesticides worldwide. Aphids represent an ancient, mainly northern temperate group, although some species occur in the tropics, often as obligate asexual lineages or even asexual ‘species’. However, besides their notoriety as enemies of plant growers, aphids are also extremely interesting scientifically, especially at the molecular and genetic levels. They reproduce mainly asexually, one female producing 10–90 offspring in 7–10 days and therefore, theoretically, could produce billions of offspring in one growing season in the absence of mortality factors (i.e. climate/weather and antagonists). In this overview, we provide examples of what molecular and genetic studies of aphids have revealed concerning a range of topics, especially fine-grained ecological processes. Aphids, despite their apparently limited behavioural repertoire, are in fact masters (or, perhaps more accurately, mistresses) of adaptation and evolutionary flexibility and continue to flourish in a variety of ecosystems, including the agro-ecosystem, regardless of our best efforts to combat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Loxdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, the Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adalbert Balog
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Tirgu-Mureș/Corunca, Romania
| | - David G Biron
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubiere Cedex, France
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14
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Hlaoui A, Boukhris-Bouhachem S, Sepúlveda DA, Correa MCG, Briones LM, Souissi R, Figueroa CC. Spatial and Temporal Genetic Diversity of the Peach Potato Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in Tunisia. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100330. [PMID: 31581571 PMCID: PMC6835240 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a worldwide pest of many crops, and the most important aphid pest of peach and potato crops in Tunisia, mainly due to virus transmission, for which insecticides are frequently applied. We studied the genetic structure of M. persicae populations in Tunisia, in order to further our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors shaping populations and to predict their evolutionary responses to the present management practices. We monitored peach orchards and seed potato crops in different seasons and regions from 2011–2013 and in 2016 (19 populations), assessing the genetic diversity of M. persicae at six microsatellite loci. Temporal and spatial changes in the frequency and distribution of 397 genotypes in 548 sampled aphids were studied. Only 37 genotypes were found more than once (clonal amplification), as most genotypes were found only once (91.60% in peach; 88.73% in potato crops). A similarly high genetic diversity was observed in aphids sampled from peach (G/N = 0.76; Ho = 0.617) and potato (G/N = 0.70; Ho = 0.641). Only a weak genetic differentiation among populations was found, mainly between geographic locations. Clustering analysis revealed genotypes to be grouped mainly according to host plant. The availability of the primary host, high proportion of unique genotypes, high genetic diversity and lack of structuring suggest that the aphid reproduces mainly through cyclical parthenogenesis in Tunisia. On the other hand, we provide a farm-scale study that shows how easily M. persicae can colonize different areas and hosts, which may have important implications in relation to plant virus vectoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen Hlaoui
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
- Département Santé Végétale et Environnement, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie INAT, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Cité Mahrajène Tunis 1082, Tunisia.
| | - Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
| | - Daniela A Sepúlveda
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Margarita C G Correa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Lucía M Briones
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Rebha Souissi
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia.
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Loxdale HD. Aspects, Including Pitfalls, of Temporal Sampling of Flying Insects, with Special Reference to Aphids. INSECTS 2018; 9:E153. [PMID: 30388726 PMCID: PMC6316496 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent and widespread use of high-resolution molecular markers in the late 1970s, it is now well established that natural populations of insects are not necessarily homogeneous genetically and show variations at different spatial scales due to a variety of reasons, including hybridization/introgression events. In a similar vein, populations of insects are not necessarily homogenous in time, either over the course of seasons or even within a single season. This of course has profound consequences for surveys examining, for whatever reason/s, the temporal population patterns of insects, especially flying insects as mostly discussed here. In the present article, the topics covered include climate and climate change; changes in ecological niches due to changes in available hosts, i.e., essentially, adaptation events; hybridization influencing behaviour⁻host shifts; infection by pathogens and parasites/parasitoids; habituation to light, sound and pheromone lures; chromosomal/genetic changes affecting physiology and behaviour; and insecticide resistance. If such phenomena-i.e., aspects and pitfalls-are not considered during spatio-temporal study programmes, which is even more true in the light of the recent discovery of morphologically similar/identical cryptic species, then the conclusions drawn in terms of the efforts to combat pest insects or conserve rare and endangered species may be in error and hence end in failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Loxdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
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16
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Savary R, Masclaux FG, Wyss T, Droh G, Cruz Corella J, Machado AP, Morton JB, Sanders IR. A population genomics approach shows widespread geographical distribution of cryptic genomic forms of the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:17-30. [PMID: 29027999 PMCID: PMC5739010 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; phylum Gomeromycota) associate with plants forming one of the most successful microbe-plant associations. The fungi promote plant diversity and have a potentially important role in global agriculture. Plant growth depends on both inter- and intra-specific variation in AMF. It was recently reported that an unusually large number of AMF taxa have an intercontinental distribution, suggesting long-distance gene flow for many AMF species, facilitated by either long-distance natural dispersal mechanisms or human-assisted dispersal. However, the intercontinental distribution of AMF species has been questioned because the use of very low-resolution markers may be unsuitable to detect genetic differences among geographically separated AMF, as seen with some other fungi. This has been untestable because of the lack of population genomic data, with high resolution, for any AMF taxa. Here we use phylogenetics and population genomics to test for intra-specific variation in Rhizophagus irregularis, an AMF species for which genome sequence information already exists. We used ddRAD sequencing to obtain thousands of markers distributed across the genomes of 81 R. irregularis isolates and related species. Based on 6 888 variable positions, we observed significant genetic divergence into four main genetic groups within R. irregularis, highlighting that previous studies have not captured underlying genetic variation. Despite considerable genetic divergence, surprisingly, the variation could not be explained by geographical origin, thus also supporting the hypothesis for at least one AMF species of widely dispersed AMF genotypes at an intercontinental scale. Such information is crucial for understanding AMF ecology, and how these fungi can be used in an environmentally safe way in distant locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Savary
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric G Masclaux
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Germain Droh
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Joaquim Cruz Corella
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Paula Machado
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph B Morton
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ian R Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Voudouris CC, Williamson MS, Skouras PJ, Kati AN, Sahinoglou AJ, Margaritopoulos JT. Evolution of imidacloprid resistance in Myzus persicae in Greece and susceptibility data for spirotetramat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1804-1812. [PMID: 28139069 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae s.l. is a major crop pest globally and has evolved resistance to a range of insecticide classes making it increasingly difficult to control in some areas. Here we compare bioassay monitoring data for two important compounds, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, on field samples/clones collected in Greece. RESULTS A total of 122 aphid samples/clones from central and northern Greece were examined in dose-response bioassays with imidacloprid. There was an overall increase in the level of resistance (resistance factor = 15-40) within tobacco-collected samples from 78.7% in 2007 to 86.7% in 2015. The corresponding frequencies for peach samples were 13.3% and 6.7%. These results were confounded however by the first identification of the R81T target mutation in Greece during 2015 (4.3% as heterozygotes in peach) and 2016 (21.3% as heterozygotes in peach). No resistance to spirotetramat was found at the 60 clones collected in 2015. CONCLUSION Resistance to imidacloprid is continuing to increase within Greek M. persicae s.l. populations and the situation is likely to deteriorate further with the recent identification of the R81T resistance mutation. Resistance to spirotetramat has not been found and is therefore a good alternative to neonicotinoids for resistance management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ch Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Amalia N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia J Sahinoglou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Volos, Greece
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Wongsa K, Duangphakdee O, Rattanawannee A. Genetic Structure of the Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Thailand Inferred From Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequence. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:3966736. [PMID: 28973491 PMCID: PMC5510963 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of legume plants worldwide. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in Thailand causing heavy damage, its genetic structure and demographic history are poorly understood. In order to determine genetic structure and genetic relationship of the geographic populations of this species, we examined sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of 51 individuals collected from 32 localities throughout Thailand. Within the sequences of these geographic populations, 32 polymorphic sites defined 17 haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence from 0.2% (1 nucleotide) to 2.7% (16 nucleotides). A relatively high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity was detected in the populations of A. craccivora, a finding that is typical for migratory species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a weak phylogeographic structuring among the geographic populations and among the haplotypes, indicating their close relationship. Considering the distance between the sampling sites, the occurrence of identical haplotypes over wide areas is noteworthy. Moreover, the low genetic distance (FST ranging from -0.0460 to 0.3263) and high rate of per-generation female migration (Nm ranging from 1.0323 to 20.3333) suggested population exchange and gene flow between the A. craccivora populations in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyanat Wongsa
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand (; )
| | - Orawan Duangphakdee
- King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Ratchaburi Campus, 126, Bangmod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand ()
| | - Atsalek Rattanawannee
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand (; )
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Khatri D, He XZ, Wang Q. Effective Biological Control Depends on Life History Strategies of Both Parasitoid and Its Host: Evidence from Aphidius colemani-Myzus persicae System. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:400-406. [PMID: 28334130 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms behind the success and failure of aphid biological control using parasitoids are largely unknown, probably because of the lack of knowledge of life history strategies of the insects involved. Here, we measured and compared life history strategies of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), providing essential information for evaluation of the potential of A. colemani to control M. persicae. Our results show that one A. colemani female parasitized ≈220 aphids within 1 wk regardless of the aphid age. Almost all aphids parasitized at <4th instar died before reaching adulthood, and those parasitized at ≥4th instar produced very few offspring, contributing little to population growth. Although having 21% lower intrinsic rate of increase and 33% longer life cycle than the aphid, the parasitoid possessed reproductive output and net population growth rate twice as high as the aphid, and reached maximum lifetime reproductive potential 1 wk earlier than the aphid. The life history strategies reported here imply that A. colemani is potentially a good biological control agent of M. persicae. On the basis of this study, we hypothesize that immediately after the onset of M. persicae, a release rate of ≈1:220 (female parasitoid:aphids) at a weekly interval during the first 3 wk could effectively control the pest. We suggest that the success of biological control of aphids using parasitoids largely depends on life history strategies of both insects involved and time of the season when they meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwas Khatri
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North New Zealand (; ; )
| | - Xiong Z He
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North New Zealand (; ; )
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North New Zealand (; ; )
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Kim H, Hoelmer KA, Lee S. Population genetics of the soybean aphid in North America and East Asia: test for introduction between native and introduced populations. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Mottet C, Fontaine S, Caddoux L, Brazier C, Mahéo F, Simon JC, Micoud A, Roy L. Assessment of the Dominance Level of the R81T Target Resistance to Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2182-2189. [PMID: 27498842 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), a major crop pest worldwide, displays insecticide resistance to most molecules. The R81T substitution on the β1 subunit of nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (nAChR) confers target site resistance to neonicotinoids and is widespread in aphid populations colonizing peach tree orchards in Southern Europe. But the impact of this resistance in the field, as well as ways to optimize its management, depends largely on the dominance level of the R81T mutation. In this study, we measured by in vitro assays the response of R81T mutation to two neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) in 23 M. persicae clones with different resistance genotypes in order to assess the dominance status of this allele. In this study, all homozygous clones for the R81T mutation (genotype 81(TT)) showed a much higher level of resistance to both active substances than other clones. The heterozygous clones 81(RT) displayed a slightly higher level of resistance than wild homozygous, though resistance phenotypes against both neonicotinoids in these two genotypes were overlapping. A great variation of resistance level was found within these two latter clones' categories. The dominance level of insecticide resistance (DLC) strongly suggested that the mutant allele 81T is semirecessive (the wild 81R allele being rather dominant) for both insecticide molecules under test. Mean DLC values were 0.316 for imidacloprid and 0.351 for thiacloprid. Cross-resistance was shown between imidacloprid and thiacloprid. This partial recessivity is valuable information to broaden the knowledge on neonicotinoid resistance, a prerequisite for devising adapted management strategies against insecticide-resistant populations of M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mottet
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Résistance aux Produits Phytosanitaires, 31, avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France (; ; ; ; )
| | - Séverine Fontaine
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Résistance aux Produits Phytosanitaires, 31, avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France (; ; ; ; )
| | - Laëtitia Caddoux
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Résistance aux Produits Phytosanitaires, 31, avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France (; ; ; ; )
| | - Christine Brazier
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Résistance aux Produits Phytosanitaires, 31, avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France (; ; ; ; )
| | - Frédérique Mahéo
- INRA UMR Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte, 35653 LE RHEU, France (; )
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRA UMR Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte, 35653 LE RHEU, France (; )
| | - Annie Micoud
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Résistance aux Produits Phytosanitaires, 31, avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France (; ; ; ; )
| | - Lise Roy
- UMR 5175 CEFE Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et évolutive, Equipe Interactions Biotiques, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Popkin M, Piffaretti J, Clamens AL, Qiao GX, Chen J, Vitalis R, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F, Gupta RK, Lamaari M, Langella O, Coeur d'acier A, Jousselin E. Large-scale phylogeographic study of the cosmopolitan aphid pestBrachycaudus helichrysireveals host plant associated lineages that evolved in allopatry. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Popkin
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Josephine Piffaretti
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Ge-Xia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Renaud Vitalis
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Rakesh K. Gupta
- Division of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture; Sher-e-Kashmir University Agricultural & Technology of Jammu; Chatha Jammu 180009 India
| | - Malik Lamaari
- Laboratory of LATPPAM; Department of Agronomy; Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences; University of Batna; Batna Algeria
| | - Olivier Langella
- CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Armelle Coeur d'acier
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Emmanuelle Jousselin
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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Voudouris CC, Kati AN, Sadikoglou E, Williamson M, Skouras PJ, Dimotsiou O, Georgiou S, Fenton B, Skavdis G, Margaritopoulos JT. Insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae in Greece: long-term surveys and new diagnostics for resistance mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:671-83. [PMID: 25960200 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae nicotianae is an important pest in Greece, controlled mainly by neonicotinoids. Monitoring of the aphid populations for resistance mechanisms is essential for effective control. RESULTS Two new RFLP-based diagnostics for the detection of the M918T (super-kdr pyrethroid resistance) and nAChR R81T (neonicotinoid resistance) mutations were applied, along with other established assays, on 131 nicotianae multilocus genotypes (MLGs) collected from tobacco and peach in Greece in 2012-2013. Furthermore, we present resistance data from aphid clones (>500, mainly nicotianae) collected in 2006-2007. About half of the clones tested with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid were tolerant. The R81T mutation was not found in the 131 MLGs and 152 clones examined. Over half (58.6%) of a subset of 29 clones showed a 9-36-fold overexpression of CYP6CY3. M918T was found at low to moderate frequencies. The kdr and MACE mechanisms and carboxylesterase-based resistance were found at high frequency in all years. CONCLUSION The aphid retains costly resistance mechanisms even in the absence of pressure from certain insecticides, which could be attributed to factors related to climate and genetic properties of the populations. The indication of build-up of resistance/tolerance to neonicotinoids, related to CYP6CY3 overexpression, is a matter of concern. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ch Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Amalia N Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eldem Sadikoglou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Martin Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK
| | - Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Technologies, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ourania Dimotsiou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Brian Fenton
- Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scottish Rural University College, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George Skavdis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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24
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Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects: eco-evolutionary and management consequences. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Ke F, You S, He W, Liu T, Vasseur L, Douglas CJ, You M. Genetic differentiation of the regional Plutella xylostella populations across the Taiwan Strait based on identification of microsatellite markers. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5880-91. [PMID: 26811762 PMCID: PMC4717340 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement of individuals through events, such as storms or crop transportation, may affect survival and distribution of insect pests, as well as population genetic structure at a regional scale. Understanding what factors contribute to gene flow in pest populations remains very important for sustainable pest management. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is an insect pest well known for its capacity of moving over short to long distances. Here, we used newly isolated microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic structure of nine populations across the Taiwan Strait of China (Taiwan and Fujian). A total of 12,152 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were initially identified from the P. xylostella transcriptome (~94 Mb), with an average of 129 SSRs per Mb. Nine SSRs were validated to be polymorphic markers, and eight were used for this population genetic study. Our results showed that the P. xylostella populations could be divided into distinct two clusters, which is likely due to the year-round airflows in this region. A pattern of isolation by distance among the local populations within Fujian was found, and may be related to vegetable transportation. Considering the complexity of the P. xylostella population genetic structure from local and regional to global levels, we propose that developing ecologically sound strategies for managing this pest will require knowledge of the link between behavioral and population ecology and its genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Ke
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovative Centre for Ecological Control of Crop PestsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhou350002China
| | - Shijun You
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British Columbia#3529‐6270 University BoulevardVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Weiyi He
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovative Centre for Ecological Control of Crop PestsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhou350002China
| | - Tiansheng Liu
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovative Centre for Ecological Control of Crop PestsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhou350002China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock University500 Glenridge AvenueSt. CatharinesOntarioL2S 3A1Canada
| | - Carl J. Douglas
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British Columbia#3529‐6270 University BoulevardVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovative Centre for Ecological Control of Crop PestsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan CropsMinistry of AgricultureFuzhou350002China
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Dáder B, Legarrea S, Moreno A, Plaza M, Carmo-Sousa M, Amor F, Viñuela E, Fereres A. Control of insect vectors and plant viruses in protected crops by novel pyrethroid-treated nets. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1397-1406. [PMID: 25404196 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLITNs) constitute a novel alternative that combines physical and chemical tactics to prevent insect access and the spread of insect-transmitted plant viruses in protected enclosures. This approach is based on a slow-release insecticide-treated net with large hole sizes that allow improved ventilation of greenhouses. The efficacy of a wide range of LLITNs was tested under laboratory conditions against Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci. Two nets were selected for field tests under a high insect infestation pressure in the presence of plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus. The efficacy of Aphidius colemani, a parasitoid commonly used for biological control of aphids, was studied in parallel field experiments. RESULTS LLITNs produced high mortality of aphids, although their efficacy decreased over time with sun exposure. Certain nets excluded whiteflies under laboratory conditions; however, they failed in the field. Nets effectively blocked the invasion of aphids and reduced the incidence of viruses in the field. The parasitoid A. colemani was compatible with LLITNs. CONCLUSION LLITNs of appropriate mesh size can become a very valuable tool in combination with biocontrol agents for additional protection against insect vectors of plant viruses under IPM programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dáder
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saioa Legarrea
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Moreno
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Plaza
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Carmo-Sousa
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Amor
- Protección de Cultivos, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Protección de Cultivos, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Li J, Cao J, Niu J, Liu X, Zhang Q. Identification of the Population Structure of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Peach Trees in China Using Microsatellites. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:73. [PMID: 26106085 PMCID: PMC4535469 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations in China using microsatellites. We expected that these data will reveal the genetic relationships among various populations of M. persicae and will be of value in the development of better methods for pest control. Four hundred sixty individuals from 23 areas over 13 provinces were collected in the early spring of 2010, all from their primary host, Prunus persicae. The markers analyzed were highly polymorphic, as demonstrated by the expected heterozygosity value (He = 0.861) and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC = 0.847), which indicated that M. persicae maintains a high level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance revealed an intermediate level of population differentiation among M. persicae populations (F(ST) = 0.1215). Geographic isolation existed among these populations, and, consequently, the genetic structure of the populations was split into a southern group and a northern group divided by the Yangtse River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Jie Li and Jinjun Cao are co-first authors; they contributed equally to the work
| | - Jinjun Cao
- Jie Li and Jinjun Cao are co-first authors; they contributed equally to the work
| | - Jianqun Niu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaJie Li and Jinjun Cao are co-first authors; they contributed equally to the work
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaJie Li and Jinjun Cao are co-first authors; they contributed equally to the work
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaJie Li and Jinjun Cao are co-first authors; they contributed equally to the work.
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28
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Xin JJ, Shang QL, Desneux N, Gao XW. Genetic diversity of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) populations from different geographic regions in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109349. [PMID: 25356548 PMCID: PMC4214629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitobion avenae is a major agricultural pest of wheat in China. Using microsatellite markers, we studied the potential gene flow, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and genetic structure of seven S. avenae populations from different regions of China (Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces). The populations from Henan, Shandong, and Jiangsu showed high levels of genic and genotypic diversity. By contrast, the genic diversity in the Beijing and Hebei populations was much lower. Despite this low genic diversity, the genotypic diversity of the Beijing population was higher than that of all of the other populations, except those from Jiangsu and Shandong. Overall, the genetic divergence among the seven S. avenae populations tested was high, though there was almost no differentiation between the Shandong and Henan populations. We observed significant negative correlation between the strength of gene flow and the geographic distances among populations. Based on genetic analysis, the seven S. avenae populations studied can be divided into four distinct clusters; (i) Hubei, (ii) Shanxi, (iii) Beijing and Hebei, and (iv) Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu. The present results provide a basis for potentially optimizing integrated pest management (IPM) programs in China, through adapting control methods that target biological traits shared by various populations of the same genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Xin
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qing-Li Shang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Paris, France
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Tuda M, Kagoshima K, Toquenaga Y, Arnqvist G. Global genetic differentiation in a cosmopolitan pest of stored beans: effects of geography, host-plant usage and anthropogenic factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106268. [PMID: 25180499 PMCID: PMC4152179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic differentiation can be promoted allopatrically by geographic isolation of populations due to limited dispersal ability and diversification over time or sympatrically through, for example, host-race formation. In crop pests, the trading of crops across the world can lead to intermixing of genetically distinct pest populations. However, our understanding of the importance of allopatric and sympatric genetic differentiation in the face of anthropogenic genetic intermixing is limited. Here, we examined global sequence variation in two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus that uses different legumes as hosts. We analyzed 180 samples from 42 populations of this stored bean pest from tropical and subtropical continents and archipelagos: Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania and South America. For the mitochondrial genes, there was weak but significant genetic differentiation across continents/archipelagos. Further, we found pronounced differentiation among subregions within continents/archipelagos both globally and within Africa but not within Asia. We suggest that multiple introductions into Asia and subsequent intermixing within Asia have generated this pattern. The isolation by distance hypothesis was supported globally (with or without continents controlled) but not when host species was restricted to cowpeas Vigna unguiculata, the ancestral host of C. maculatus. We also document significant among-host differentiation both globally and within Asia, but not within Africa. We failed to reject a scenario of a constant population size in the recent past combined with selective neutrality for the mitochondrial genes. We conclude that mitochondrial DNA differentiation is primarily due to geographic isolation within Africa and to multiple invasions by different alleles, followed by host shifts, within Asia. The weak inter-continental differentiation is most likely due to frequent inter-continental gene flow mediated by human crop trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Tuda
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Division of Agricultural Bioresource Sciences, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiko Toquenaga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Kati AN, Mandrioli M, Skouras PJ, Malloch GL, Voudouris CC, Venturelli M, Manicardi GC, Tsitsipis JA, Fenton B, Margaritopoulos JT. Recent changes in the distribution of carboxylesterase genes and associated chromosomal rearrangements in Greek populations of the tobacco aphidMyzus persicae nicotianae. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia N. Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory; School of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 541 24 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - Panagiotis J. Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology; Department of Agricultural Technologies; Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese; Kalamata Greece
| | | | - Costas Ch. Voudouris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Thessaly; 26 Ploutonos Str. 412 21 Larissa Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Foundation for Research and Technology; 100 Nikolaou Plastira Str. 700 13 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Mattia Venturelli
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Biology Building via Campi 213/D 411 25 Modena Italy
| | - John A. Tsitsipis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology; University of Thessaly; 384 46 Nea Ionia Greece
| | - Brian Fenton
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - John T. Margaritopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Thessaly; 26 Ploutonos Str. 412 21 Larissa Greece
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31
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Ramsey JS, Elzinga D, Sarkar P, Xin YR, Ghanim M, Jander G. Adaptation to nicotine feeding in Myzus persicae. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:869-77. [PMID: 25082103 PMCID: PMC4170791 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lineages of the generalist hemipteran herbivore Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) that have expanded their host range to include tobacco often have elevated nicotine tolerance. The tobacco-adapted M. persicae lineage used in this study was able to reproduce on nicotine-containing artificial diets at concentrations that were 15-fold higher than those that were lethal to a non-adapted M. persicae lineage. Fecundity of the nicotine-tolerant M. persicae lineage was increased by 100 μM nicotine in artificial diet, suggesting that this otherwise toxic alkaloid can serve as a feeding stimulant at low concentrations. This lineage also was pre-adapted to growth on tobacco, exhibiting no drop in fecundity when it was moved onto tobacco from a different host plant. Although growth of the non-tobacco-adapted M. persicae lineage improved after three generations on tobacco, this higher reproductive rate was not associated with increased nicotine tolerance. Myzus persicae gene expression microarrays were used to identify transcripts that are up-regulated in response to nicotine in the tobacco-adapted lineage. Induced expression was found for CYP6CY3, which detoxifies nicotine in M. persicae, other genes encoding known classes of detoxifying enzymes, and genes encoding secreted M. persicae salivary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi-Ran Xin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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32
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Bass C, Puinean AM, Zimmer CT, Denholm I, Field LM, Foster SP, Gutbrod O, Nauen R, Slater R, Williamson MS. The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 51:41-51. [PMID: 24855024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae is a globally distributed crop pest with a host range of over 400 species including many economically important crop plants. The intensive use of insecticides to control this species over many years has led to populations that are now resistant to several classes of insecticide. Work spanning over 40 years has shown that M. persicae has a remarkable ability to evolve mechanisms that avoid or overcome the toxic effect of insecticides with at least seven independent mechanisms of resistance described in this species to date. The array of novel resistance mechanisms, including several 'first examples', that have evolved in this species represents an important case study for the evolution of insecticide resistance and also rapid adaptive change in insects more generally. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in M. persicae and the insights study of this topic has provided on how resistance evolves, the selectivity of insecticides, and the link between resistance and host plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Alin M Puinean
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Ian Denholm
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Linda M Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Stephen P Foster
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Oliver Gutbrod
- Bayer CropScience AG, Research Technologies, D40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer CropScience AG, Pest Control Biology, D40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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33
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Ovčarenko I, Kapantaidaki DE, Lindström L, Gauthier N, Tsagkarakou A, Knott KE, Vänninen I. Agroecosystems shape population genetic structure of the greenhouse whitefly in Northern and Southern Europe. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:165. [PMID: 25266268 PMCID: PMC4236565 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict further invasions of pests it is important to understand what factors contribute to the genetic structure of their populations. Cosmopolitan pest species are ideal for studying how different agroecosystems affect population genetic structure within a species at different climatic extremes. We undertook the first population genetic study of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), a cosmopolitan invasive herbivore, and examined the genetic structure of this species in Northern and Southern Europe. In Finland, cold temperatures limit whiteflies to greenhouses and prevent them from overwintering in nature, and in Greece, milder temperatures allow whiteflies to inhabit both fields and greenhouses year round, providing a greater potential for connectivity among populations. Using nine microsatellite markers, we genotyped 1274 T. vaporariorum females collected from 18 greenhouses in Finland and eight greenhouses as well as eight fields in Greece. RESULTS Populations from Finland were less diverse than those from Greece, suggesting that Greek populations are larger and subjected to fewer bottlenecks. Moreover, there was significant population genetic structure in both countries that was explained by different factors. Habitat (field vs. greenhouse) together with longitude explained genetic structure in Greece, whereas in Finland, genetic structure was explained by host plant species. Furthermore, there was no temporal genetic structure among populations in Finland, suggesting that year-round populations are able to persist in greenhouses. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our results show that greenhouse agroecosystems can limit gene flow among populations in both climate zones. Fragmented populations in greenhouses could allow for efficient pest management. However, pest persistence in both climate zones, coupled with increasing opportunities for naturalization in temperate latitudes due to climate change, highlight challenges for the management of cosmopolitan pests in Northern and Southern Europe.
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Mandrioli M, Zanasi F, Manicardi GC. Karyotype rearrangements and telomere analysis in Myzuspersicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) strains collected on Lavandula sp. plants. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:259-74. [PMID: 25610541 PMCID: PMC4296714 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype analysis of nine strains of the peach-potato aphid Myzuspersicae (Sulzer, 1776), collected on Lavandula sp. plants, evidenced showed that five of them had a standard 2n = 12 karyotype, one possessed a fragmentation of the X chromosome occurring at the telomere opposite to the NOR-bearing one and three strains had a chromosome number 2n = 11 due to a non-reciprocal translocation of an autosome A3 onto an A1 chromosome. Interestingly, the terminal portion of the autosome A1 involved in the translocation was the same in all the three strains, as evidenced by FISH with the histone cluster as a probe. The study of telomeres in the Myzuspersicae strain with the X fission evidenced that telomerase synthesised de novo telomeres at the breakpoints resulting in the stabilization of the chromosomal fragments. Lastly, despite the presence of a conserved telomerase, aphid genome is devoid of genes coding for shelterin, a complex of proteins involved in telomere functioning frequently reported as conserved in eukaryotes. The absence of this complex, also confirmed in the genome of other arthropods, suggests that the shift in the sequence of the telomeric repeats has been accompanied by other changes in the telomere components in arthropods in respect to other metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mandrioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Zanasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Bacigalupe LD, Barrientos K, Beckerman AP, Carter MJ, Figueroa CC, Foster SP, Moore AJ, Silva AX, Nespolo RF. Can invasions occur without change? A comparison of G-matrices and selection in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5109-18. [PMID: 24455140 PMCID: PMC3892372 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Most evolutionary research on biological invasions has focused on changes seen between the native and invaded range for a particular species. However, it is likely that species that live in human-modified habitats in their native range might have evolved specific adaptations to those environments, which increase the likelihood of establishment and spread in similar human-altered environments. From a quantitative genetic perspective, this hypothesis suggests that both native and introduced populations should reside at or near the same adaptive peak. Therefore, we should observe no overall changes in the G (genetic variance-covariance) matrices between native and introduced ranges, and stabilizing selection on fitness-related traits in all populations. We tested these predictions comparing three populations of the worldwide pest Myzus persicae from the Middle East (native range) and the UK and Chile (separately introduced ranges). In general, our results provide mixed support for this idea, but further comparisons of other species are needed. In particular, we found that there has been some limited evolution in the studied traits, with the Middle East population differing from the UK and Chilean populations. This was reflected in the structure of the G-matrices, in which Chile differed from both UK and Middle East populations. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variation was massively reduced in Chile in comparison with UK and Middle East populations. Finally, we found no detectable selection on any trait in the three populations, but clones from the introduced ranges started to reproduce later, were smaller, had smaller offspring, and had lower reproductive fitness than clones from the native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karin Barrientos
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile ; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S102TN, U.K
| | - Mauricio J Carter
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, U.K
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Stephen P Foster
- Rothamsted Research West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Allen J Moore
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, U.K ; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Andrea X Silva
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
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Bass C, Zimmer CT, Riveron JM, Wilding CS, Wondji CS, Kaussmann M, Field LM, Williamson MS, Nauen R. Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19460-5. [PMID: 24218582 PMCID: PMC3845143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host plant shifts of herbivorous insects may be a first step toward sympatric speciation and can create new pests of agriculturally important crops; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process are poorly understood. Certain races of the polyphagous aphid Myzus persicae have recently adapted to feed on tobacco (Myzus persicae nicotianae) and show a reduced sensitivity to the plant alkaloid nicotine and cross-resistance to neonicotinoids a class of synthetic insecticides widely used for control. Here we show constitutive overexpression of a cytochrome P450 (CYP6CY3) allows tobacco-adapted races of M. persicae to efficiently detoxify nicotine and has preadapted them to resist neonicotinoid insecticides. CYP6CY3, is highly overexpressed in M. persicae nicotianae clones from three continents compared with M. persicae s.s. and expression level is significantly correlated with tolerance to nicotine. CYP6CY3 is highly efficient (compared with the primary human nicotine-metabolizing P450) at metabolizing nicotine and neonicotinoids to less toxic metabolites in vitro and generation of transgenic Drosophila expressing CYP6CY3 demonstrate that it confers resistance to both compounds in vivo. Overexpression of CYP6CY3 results from the expansion of a dinucleotide microsatellite in the promoter region and a recent gene amplification, with some aphid clones carrying up to 100 copies. We conclude that the mutations leading to overexpression of CYP6CY3 were a prerequisite for the host shift of M. persicae to tobacco and that gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism are evolutionary drivers in insect host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph T. Zimmer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
| | - Jacob M. Riveron
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Wilding
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kaussmann
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
| | - Linda M. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S. Williamson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Pest Control Biology, Bayer CropScience AG, D40789 Monheim, Germany; and
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Piffaretti J, Clamens AL, Vanlerberghe-Masutti F, Gupta RK, Call E, Halbert S, Jousselin E. Regular or covert sex defines two lineages and worldwide superclones within the leaf-curl plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi, Kaltenbach). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3916-32. [PMID: 23786407 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction occurs widely in plants and animals, particularly in insects. Aphid species usually reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis, but many species include obligate asexual lineages. We recently showed that the leaf-curl plum aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi, actually encompasses two lineages, B. helichrysi H1 and H2. Ecological data suggest that these lineages have different life cycles. We conducted a large population genetics study, based on 14 microsatellite loci, to infer their respective life cycles and investigate their population structure and geographical distribution. Brachycaudus helichrysi H1 displayed the genetic signature of cyclical parthenogenesis, using plum trees as primary hosts for sexual reproduction, as classically described for B. helichrysi. This global survey showed that the Central Asian population of H1 was clearly differentiated from American-European populations. By contrast, B. helichrysi H2 displayed the typical signature of obligate asexual reproduction. H2 encompassed at least eight highly successful genotypes or superclones. This lack of ability to undergo sexual reproduction was confirmed for one of the superclones by sex induction experiments. We found only one B. helichrysi H2 population that underwent sexual reproduction, which was collected from peach trees, in Northern India. Our results confirm that H1 and H2 have different life cycles. Brachycaudus helichrysi H1 is clearly heteroecious using plum trees as primary hosts, while B. helichrysi H2 encompasses several anholocyclic lineages, and some heteroecious populations that until now have only been found associated with peach trees as primary hosts. We discuss implications of these findings for the pest status of B. helichrysi lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Piffaretti
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30 016, Montferrier-sur-Lez, F-34 988, France.
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Hereward JP, Walter GH, Debarro PJ, Lowe AJ, Riginos C. Gene flow in the green mirid, Creontiades dilutus (Hemiptera: Miridae), across arid and agricultural environments with different host plant species. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:807-21. [PMID: 23610626 PMCID: PMC3631396 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creontiades dilutus (Stål), the green mirid, is a polyphagous herbivorous insect endemic to Australia. Although common in the arid interior of Australia and found on several native host plants that are spatially and temporally ephemeral, green mirids also reach pest levels on several crops in eastern Australia. These host-associated dynamics, distributed across a large geographic area, raise questions as to whether (1) seasonal fluctuations in population size result in genetic bottlenecks and drift, (2) arid and agricultural populations are genetically isolated, and (3) the use of different host plants results in genetic differentiation. We sequenced a mitochondrial COI fragment from individuals collected over 24 years and screened microsatellite variation from 32 populations across two seasons. The predominance of a single COI haplotype and negative Tajima D in samples from 2006/2007 fit with a population expansion model. In the older collections (1983 and 1993), a different haplotype is most prevalent, consistent with successive population contractions and expansions. Microsatellite data indicates recent migration between inland sites and coastal crops and admixture in several populations. Altogether, the data suggest that long-distance dispersal occurs between arid and agricultural regions, and this, together with fluctuations in population size, leads to temporally dynamic patterns of genetic differentiation. Host-associated differentiation is evident between mirids sampled from plants in the genus Cullen (Fabaceae), the primary host, and alternative host plant species growing nearby in arid regions. Our results highlight the importance of jointly assessing natural and agricultural environments in understanding the ecology of pest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hereward
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia ; Cotton Catchment Communities CRC, Australian Cotton Research Institute Locked Mail Bag 1001, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
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Atamian HS, Chaudhary R, Cin VD, Bao E, Girke T, Kaloshian I. In planta expression or delivery of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae effectors Me10 and Me23 enhances aphid fecundity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:67-74. [PMID: 23194342 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-12-0144-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between aphids and their host plants seem to be analogous to those of plant-microbial pathogens. Unlike microbial pathogen effectors, little is known about aphid effectors and their ability to interfere with host immunity. To date, only three functional aphid effectors have been reported. To identify potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) effectors, we developed a salivary gland transcriptome using Illumina technology. We generated 85 million Illumina reads from salivary glands and assembled them into 646 contigs. Ab initio sequence analysis predicted secretion signal peptides in 24% of these sequences, suggesting that they might be secreted into the plant during aphid feeding. Eight of these candidate effectors with secretion signal peptides were functionally characterized using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two candidate effectors, Me10 and Me23, increased aphid fecundity, suggesting their ability to suppress N. benthamiana defenses. Five of these candidate effectors, including Me10 and Me23, were also analyzed in tomato by delivering them through the Pseudomonas syringae type three secretion system. In tomato, only Me10 increased aphid fecundity. This work identified two additional aphid effectors with ability to manipulate the host for their advantage.
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Jaquiéry J, Stoeckel S, Nouhaud P, Mieuzet L, Mahéo F, Legeai F, Bernard N, Bonvoisin A, Vitalis R, Simon JC. Genome scans reveal candidate regions involved in the adaptation to host plant in the pea aphid complex. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5251-64. [PMID: 23017212 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A major goal in evolutionary biology is to uncover the genetic basis of adaptation. Divergent selection exerted on ecological traits may result in adaptive population differentiation and reproductive isolation and affect differentially the level of genetic divergence along the genome. Genome-wide scan of large sets of individuals from multiple populations is a powerful approach to identify loci or genomic regions under ecologically divergent selection. Here, we focused on the pea aphid, a species complex of divergent host races, to explore the organization of the genomic divergence associated with host plant adaptation and ecological speciation. We analysed 390 microsatellite markers located at variable distances from predicted genes in replicate samples of sympatric populations of the pea aphid collected on alfalfa, red clover and pea, which correspond to three common host-adapted races reported in this species complex. Using a method that accounts for the hierarchical structure of our data set, we found a set of 11 outlier loci that show higher genetic differentiation between host races than expected under the null hypothesis of neutral evolution. Two of the outliers are close to olfactory receptor genes and three other nearby genes encoding salivary proteins. The remaining outliers are located in regions with genes of unknown functions, or which functions are unlikely to be involved in interactions with the host plant. This study reveals genetic signatures of divergent selection across the genome and provides an inventory of candidate genes responsible for plant specialization in the pea aphid, thereby setting the stage for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaquiéry
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
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Trichosporon vanderwaltii sp. nov., an asexual basidiomycetous yeast isolated from soil and beetles. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:313-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Men QL, Chen MH, Zhang YL, Feng JN. Genetic structure and diversity of a newly invasive species, the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in China. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva AX, Bacigalupe LD, Luna-Rudloff M, Figueroa CC. Insecticide resistance mechanisms in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) II: Costs and benefits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36810. [PMID: 22685539 PMCID: PMC3369902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among herbivorous insects that have exploited agro-ecosystems, the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, is recognized as one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. Uses over 400 plant species and has evolved different insecticides resistance mechanisms. As M. persicae feeds upon a huge diversity of hosts, it has been exposed to a wide variety of plant allelochemicals, which probably have promoted a wide range of detoxification systems. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this work we (i) evaluated whether insecticide resistance mutations (IRM) in M. persicae can give an advantage in terms of reproductive fitness when aphids face two hosts, pepper (Capsicum annuum) a suitable host and radish (Raphanus sativus) the unfavorable host and (ii) examined the transcriptional expression of six genes that are known to be up-regulated in response to insecticides. Our results show a significant interaction between host and IRM on the intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)). Susceptible genotypes (not carrying insensitivity mutations) had a higher r(m) on pepper, and the transcriptional levels of five genes increased on radish. The r(m) relationship was reversed on the unfavorable host; genotypes with multiple IRM exhibited higher r(m), without altering the transcriptional levels of the studied genes. Genotypes with one IRM kept a similar r(m) on both hosts, but they increased the transcriptional levels of two genes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although we have studied only nine genotypes, overall our results are in agreement with the general idea that allelochemical detoxification systems could constitute a pre-adaptation for the development of insecticide resistance. Genotypes carrying IRM exhibited a higher r(m) than susceptible genotypes on radish, the more unfavorable host. Susceptible genotypes should be able to tolerate the defended host by up-regulating some metabolic genes that are also responding to insecticides. Hence, our results suggest that the trade-off among resistance mechanisms might be quite complex, with a multiplicity of costs and benefits depending on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea X. Silva
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Manuela Luna-Rudloff
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christian C. Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Transgenic tetraploid Isatis indigotica expressing Bt Cry1Ac and Pinellia ternata agglutinin showed enhanced resistance to moths and aphids. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:485-91. [PMID: 21559837 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Co-expression of multiple genes encoding different kinds of insect resistant proteins has been developed to confer a broader spectrum of pest control. Tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort was transformed with a plasmid, p3300BP, containing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac gene (Bt) and Pinellia ternata agglutinin gene (Pta) and the selectable marker herbicide resistance gene (Bar) driven by the CaMV35S promoter via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The integration and expression of introduced genes in regenerated transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Western blot assays. Insect bioassay test demonstrated transgenic lines had significant inhibition to diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella L.) and peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) simultaneously. Our study reported here would be a great motivation for field culture of tetraploid I. indigotica, also providing an efficient molecular breeding strategy to provide insect tolerant plants.
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Zepeda-Paulo FA, Simon JC, Ramírez CC, Fuentes-Contreras E, Margaritopoulos JT, Wilson ACC, Sorenson CE, Briones LM, Azevedo R, Ohashi DV, Lacroix C, Glais L, Figueroa CC. The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4738-52. [PMID: 20958814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are rapid evolutionary events in which populations are usually subject to a founder event during introduction followed by rapid adaptation to the new environment. Molecular tools and Bayesian approaches have shown their utility in exploring different evolutionary scenarios regarding the invasion routes of introduced species. We examined the situation for the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae, a recently introduced aphid species in Chile. Using seven microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation, we studied populations of the tobacco aphid sampled from several American and European countries, identifying the most likely source populations and tracking the route of introduction to Chile. Our population genetic data are consistent with available historical information, pointing to an introduction route of the tobacco aphid from Europe and/or from other putative populations (e.g. Asia) with subsequent introduction through North America to South America. Evidence of multiple introductions to North America from different genetic pools, with successive loss of genetic diversity from Europe towards North America and a strong bottleneck during the southward introduction to South America, was also found. Additionally, we examined the special case of a widespread multilocus genotype that was found in all American countries examined. This case provides further evidence for the existence of highly successful genotypes or 'superclones' in asexually reproducing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Zepeda-Paulo
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Fenton B, Kasprowicz L, Malloch G, Pickup J. Reproductive performance of asexual clones of the peach-potato aphid, ( Myzus persicae, Homoptera: Aphididae), colonising Scotland in relation to host plant and field ecology. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 100:451-60. [PMID: 19941675 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485309990447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The population of peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in Scotland comprises large numbers of a few superclones with much smaller numbers of other clones, and the reason for their differential success has yet to be elucidated. In the current study, the reproduction of lineages derived from these clones was measured by counting the numbers of offspring produced by a one-day-old nymph after 15 days. This was measured on four plant species, including local agricultural hosts and at two different temperatures (14 and 18 degrees C). There were significant differences in clonal lineage reproduction on different hosts and at different temperatures and amongst clonal lineages on the same hosts at the same temperature. Lineages of local insecticide sensitive clones did not have the best reproductive potential; instead, a recently introduced clonal lineage carrying MACE insecticide resistance was the best reproducer. The clonal lineage with the lowest reproductive potential also carried insecticide resistance, but this was kdr. A lineage from a local insecticide-sensitive clone was the least affected by reduced temperature. There was evidence of host plant specialisation in some of the clonal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fenton
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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TORRIANI MARCOVG, MAZZI DOMINIQUE, HEIN SILKE, DORN SILVIA. Structured populations of the oriental fruit moth in an agricultural ecosystem. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2651-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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