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Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
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Lundtorp-Olsen C, Markvart M, Twetman S, Belstrøm D. Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota-A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:419. [PMID: 38787271 PMCID: PMC11124442 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics positively impact clinical parameters of oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. However, the working mechanism of probiotics is not fully understood, but is hypothesized to be mediated by direct and indirect interactions with the oral microbiota and the human host. In the present narrative review, we focused on the microbiological effect of probiotic supplements based on data retrieved from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In addition, we assessed to what extent contemporary molecular methods have been employed in clinical trials in the field of oral probiotics. Multiple RCTs have been performed studying the potential effect of probiotics on gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, as evaluated by microbial endpoints. In general, results are conflicting, with some studies reporting a positive effect, whereas others are not able to record any effect. Major differences in terms of study designs and sample size, as well as delivery route, frequency, and duration of probiotic consumption, hamper comparison across studies. In addition, most RCTs have been performed with a limited sample size using relatively simple methods for microbial identification, such as culturing, qPCR, and DNA-DNA checkerboard, while high-throughput methods such as 16S sequencing have only been employed in a few studies. Currently, state-of-the-art molecular methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics have not yet been used in RCTs in the field of probiotics. The present narrative review revealed that the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota remains largely uncovered. One important reason is that most RCTs are performed without studying the microbiological effect. To facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, an internationally agreed core outcome set for the reporting of microbial endpoints in clinical trials would be desirable. Such a standardized collection of outcomes would most likely improve the quality of probiotic research in the oral context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (M.M.); (S.T.)
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Wuttke B, Ekat K, Chabanovska O, Jackszis M, Springer A, Vasudevan P, Kreikemeyer B, Lang H. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Lactococcus lactis-Loaded Alginate Particles as a Promising Delivery Tool for Periodontal Probiotic Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:129. [PMID: 38786639 PMCID: PMC11121860 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are used in a variety of food supplements and medical formulations to promote human health. In periodontal therapy, probiotics are mainly used in the form of gels, tablets or rinses that often tend to leak from the periodontal pocket, resulting in a strongly reduced therapeutic effect. In this pilot in vitro study, we present biodegradable alginate-based particles as an alternative, highly efficient system for a periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria to the inflammation site. For this purpose, Lactococcus (L.) lactis was encapsulated using a standardized pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method. Time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva was investigated over 9 days. The effect of freeze drying was explored to ensure long-term storage of L. lactis-loaded particles. Additionally, the particles were bound to dentin surface using approved bioadhesives and subjected to shear stress in a hydrodynamic flow chamber that mimics the oral cavity in vitro. Thus, round particles within the range of 0.80-1.75 mm in radius could be produced, whereby the diameter of the dripping tip had the most significant impact on the size. Although both small and large particles demonstrated a similar release trend of L. lactis, the release rate was significantly higher in the former. Following lyophilization, particles could restore their original shape within 4 h in artificial saliva; thereby, the bacterial viability was not affected. The attachment strength to dentin intensified by an adhesive could resist forces between 10 and 25 N/m2. Full degradation of the particles was observed after 20 days in artificial saliva. Therefore, alginate particles display a valuable probiotic carrier for periodontal applications that have several crucial advantages over existing preparations: a highly stable form, prolonged continuous release of therapeutic bacteria, precise manufacturing according to required dimensions at the application site, strong attachment to the tooth with low risk of dislocation, high biocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wuttke
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Ekat
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mario Jackszis
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Mato EG, Montaño-Barrientos BJ, Rivas-Mundiña B, Aneiros IV, López LS, Posse JL, Lamas LM. Anti-caries Streptococcus spp.: A potential preventive tool for special needs patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:813-822. [PMID: 37674277 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotics are living microorganisms that act on the host-microbiome interface to restore the microbiota's physiological homeostasis. Numerous probiotics have been marketed with inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans and consequently with a potential anti-caries effect, mainly of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, whose main disadvantage is their limited ability to settle in the oral cavity. METHODS This narrative review describes the main Streptococcus spp. with probiotic anti-Streptococcus mutans activity, whose substantivity is greater than that of Lactobacillus spp. and consequently with anti-caries potentiality. We performed a literature review in the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases of articles published in English (without time restriction) related to caries and probiotics. RESULTS The potential identified anti-caries probiotics included Streptococcus spp. A12, Streptococcus oralis (AJ3), Streptococcus oligofermentans, Streptococcus salivarius (K12, M18, JH, LAB813, 24SMB), Streptococcus spp. with arginolytic activity (S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. ratti, S. parasanguinis, S. intermedius, S. australis, and S. cristatus), Streptococcus rattus (JH145), Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus downii. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of using these Streptococcus spp. as probiotics that inhibit the growth of dental plaque and the development of carious lesions represents a potential tool of particular interest for individuals with physical or intellectual disabilities that impede the routine and effective application of mechanical dental plaque removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bitalio J Montaño-Barrientos
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Berta Rivas-Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Varela Aneiros
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Sande López
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Gupta U, Dey P. The oral microbial odyssey influencing chronic metabolic disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38145405 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2296346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, oral microbes likely hold the potential to influence metabolic disease by affecting the gut microbiota. METHOD A thorough review of literature has been performed to link the alterations in oral microbiota with chronic metabolic disease by influencing the gut microbiota. RESULT A strong correlation exists between abnormalities in oral microbiota and several systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which likely initially manifest as oral diseases. Ensuring adequate oral hygiene practices and cultivating diverse oral microflora are crucial for the preservation of general well-being. Oral bacteria have the ability to establish and endure in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the development of prolonged inflammation and activation of the immune system. Oral microbe-associated prophylactic strategies could be beneficial in mitigating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Oral microbiota can have a profound impact on the gut microbiota and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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6
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Neculae E, Gosav EM, Valasciuc E, Dima N, Floria M, Tanase DM. The Oral Microbiota in Valvular Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010182. [PMID: 36676130 PMCID: PMC9862471 DOI: 10.3390/life13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbiota formation begins from birth, and everything from genetic components to the environment, alongside the host's behavior (such as diet, smoking, oral hygiene, and even physical activity), contributes to oral microbiota structure. Even though recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota's role in systemic diseases, the oral microbiome represents the second largest community of microorganisms, making it a new promising therapeutic target. Periodontitis and dental caries are considered the two main consequences of oral bacterial imbalance. Studies have shown that oral dysbiosis effects are not limited locally. Due to technological advancement, research identified oral bacterial species in heart valves. This evidence links oral dysbiosis with the development of valvular heart disease (VHD). This review focuses on describing the mechanism behind prolonged local inflammation and dysbiosis, that can induce bacteriemia by direct or immune-mediated mechanisms and finally VHD. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapies based on controlling oral dysbiosis, periodontal disease, and inflammation with immunological and systemic effects, that exert beneficial effects in VHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Neculae
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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7
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Homayouni Rad A, Pourjafar H, Mirzakhani E. A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120995. [PMID: 36968114 PMCID: PMC10031100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases around the world that people usually suffer from during their lifetime. Tooth decay is a multifactorial disease, and the composition of oral microbiota is a critical factor in its development. Also, Streptococcus mutans is considered the most important caries-causing species. It is expected that probiotics, as they adjust the intestinal microbiota and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the human intestine, can exert their health-giving effects, especially the anti-pathogenic effect, in the oral cavity, which is part of the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on the role of probiotics in the prevention of tooth decay. In this review, while investigating the effect of different strains of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria on oral diseases, including dental caries, candida yeast infections, periodontal diseases, and halitosis, we have also discussed postbiotics as novel non-living biological compounds derived from probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
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8
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Kong C, Zhang H, Li L, Liu Z. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2131117. [PMID: 36212989 PMCID: PMC9542882 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2131117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, caries, periodontitis and mucosal diseases, which are closely related to oral microorganisms, have always affected human health and quality of life. These complex microbiota present in different parts of the mouth can cause chronic infections in the oral cavity under certain conditions, some of which can also lead to acute and systemic diseases. With the mutation of related microorganisms and the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains, in order to prevent and treat related diseases, in addition to the innovation of diagnosis and treatment technology, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is also important. Catechins are polyphenolic compounds in green tea, some of which are reported to provide health benefits for a variety of diseases. Studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and effective active ingredient in green tea catechins, which acts against a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria, as well as some fungi and viruses. This review aims to summarize the research progress on the activity of EGCG against common oral disease-associated organisms and discuss the mechanisms of these actions, hoping to provide new medication strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases, the future research of EGCG and its translation into clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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From Mouth to Muscle: Exploring the Potential Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Cancer-Related Cachexia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112291. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome associated with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss, as well as decreased appetite. It affects approximately half of all cancer patients and leads to a decrease in treatment efficacy, quality of life, and survival. The human microbiota has been implicated in the onset and propagation of cancer cachexia. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of the microbial communities, may lead to chronic systemic inflammation and contribute to the clinical phenotype of cachexia. Though the relationship between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and cachexia has been previously studied, the oral microbiome remains largely unexplored. As the initial point of digestion, the oral microbiome plays an important role in regulating systemic health. Oral dysbiosis leads to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an imbalance in natural flora, which in turn may contribute to muscle wasting associated with cachexia. Reinstating this equilibrium with the use of prebiotics and probiotics has the potential to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from cancer-related cachexia.
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10
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Staszczyk M, Jamka-Kasprzyk M, Kościelniak D, Cienkosz-Stepańczak B, Krzyściak W, Jurczak A. Effect of a Short-Term Intervention with Lactobacillus salivarius Probiotic on Early Childhood Caries-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912447. [PMID: 36231747 PMCID: PMC9566377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ECC is a significant therapeutic and social problem and a global burden on public health. The aim of this clinical trial was to test whether a 2-week daily consumption of chewing tablets containing thermally inactivated L. salivarius reduces the 12-month caries increment compared to the control group. The investigation was a single-center, randomized, controlled open-label, blinded end-point evaluation trial in two parallel groups. At baseline, 140 generally healthy children between 3 and 6 years of age with or without ECC were randomly assigned to the probiotic test group (n = 70) or to the treatment as the usual control group (n = 70). The primary outcome measure was the 1-year increment in caries incidence and prevalence. Secondary endpoints assessed were the initial, cavitated and obvious dentinal caries increment as well as the measurement of dental plaque accumulation, as an indicator of the ECC risk. Data were collected through the clinical assessment of the children's caries (dmft and ICDAS II) and oral hygiene status (DI-S of OHI-S index). Caries incidence and prevalence were statistically significantly lower in the probiotic group versus the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0075). The initial and final mean OHI-S scores in the probiotic group did not show any significant differences. In conclusion, the regular short-term intake of probiotics may reduce caries development. Our findings suggest that self-administered probiotic therapy may provide a good complement to increase the effectiveness of individual preventive home care in preschool children. This is the first clinical study evaluating the effect of a short-term probiotic intervention on reducing early childhood caries with 12 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Staszczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Cienkosz-Stepańczak
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Weng L, Wu L, Guo R, Ye J, Liang W, Wu W, Chen L, Yang D. Lactobacillus cell envelope-coated nanoparticles for antibiotic delivery against cariogenic biofilm and dental caries. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:356. [PMID: 35918726 PMCID: PMC9344742 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their prevalence, dental caries ranks first among all diseases endangering human health. Therefore, the prevention of caries is of great significance, as caries have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Currently, using nanoscale drug delivery systems to prevent caries has received increased attention. However, the preventive efficacy of these systems is substantially limited due to the unique physiological structure of cariogenic biofilms. Thus, novel strategies aimed at combating cariogenic biofilms to improve preventive efficiency against caries are meaningful and very necessary. Herein, inspired by cell membrane coating technology and Lactobacillus strains, we coated triclosan (TCS)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (TCS@PLGA-NPs) with an envelope of Lactobacillus (LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs) and investigated their potential as a nanoparticle delivery system against cariogenic biofilms and dental caries. Results LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs were successfully prepared with favorable properties, including a coated envelope, controllable size, negative charge, sustained drug-release kinetics and so on. The LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs inherited native properties from the source cell surface, thus the LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs adhered to S. mutans, integrated into the S. mutans biofilm, and interfered with the biofilm formation of S. mutans. The nanoparticles significantly inhibited the activity, biomass and virulence gene expression of S. mutans biofilms in vitro. Additionally, LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on the progression of caries in vivo. The safety performance of the nanoparticles is also favorable. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the antibiofilm effect of LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs relies not only on the inheritance of native properties from the Lactobacillus cell surface but also on the inhibitory effect on the activity, biomass and virulence of S. mutans biofilms. Thus, these nanoparticles could be considered feasible candidates for a new class of effective drug delivery systems for the prevention of caries. Furthermore, this work provides new insights into cell membrane coating technology and presents a novel strategy to combat bacterial biofilms and associated infections. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01563-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Weng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Lang Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jiajia Ye
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wen Liang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| | - Deqin Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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12
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The Effect of Oral Probiotics (Streptococcus Salivarius k12) on the Salivary Level of Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Salivation Rate, and Oral Biofilm: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051124. [PMID: 35268099 PMCID: PMC8912462 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effect of oral probiotics containing the Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain on the salivary level of secretory immunoglobulin A, salivation rate, and oral biofilm. Thirty-one consenting patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm, parallel-group study and randomly divided into probiotic (n = 15) and placebo (n = 16) groups. Unstimulated salivation rate, concentration of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A, Turesky index, and Papillary-Marginal-Attached index were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention and 2 weeks of washout. Thirty patients completed the entire study protocol. We found no increase in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A levels and salivary flow rates in the probiotic group compared with placebo. Baseline and outcome salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations (mg/L) were 226 ± 130 and 200 ± 113 for the probiotic group and 205 ± 92 and 191 ± 97 for the placebo group, respectively. A significant decrease in plaque accumulation was observed in the probiotic group at 4 and 6 weeks. Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that probiotic intake (Streptococcus salivarius K12) does not affect salivation rates and secretory immunoglobulin A salivary levels but exhibits a positive effect on plaque accumulation. Trial registration NCT05039320. Funding: none.
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13
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Lin CW, Chen YT, Ho HH, Kuo YW, Lin WY, Chen JF, Lin JH, Liu CR, Lin CH, Yeh YT, Chen CW, Huang YF, Hsu CH, Hsieh PS, Yang SF. Impact of the food grade heat-killed probiotic and postbiotic oral lozenges in oral hygiene. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2221-2238. [PMID: 35236778 PMCID: PMC8954981 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity plays a crucial role in food digestion and immune protection. Thus, maintaining oral health is necessary. Postbiotic and heat-killed probiotic cells have shown increased antibacterial potential with stable viability compared with live strains. However, clinical evidence regarding their effect on oral health is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we tested postbiotic lozenges of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. paracasei ET-66, and L. plantarum LPL28 and heat-killed probiotic lozenges of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66 for their effect on oral health. In total, 75 healthy individuals were blindly and randomly divided into placebo, postbiotic lozenge, and heat-killed probiotic lozenge groups and were administered the respective lozenge type for 4 weeks. Postbiotic and heat-killed probiotic lozenge groups demonstrated antibacterial activities with a considerable increase in L. salivarius in their oral cavity. Furthermore, their salivary immunoglobulin A, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium increased. Subjective questionnaires completed by the participants indicated that participants in both the experimental groups developed better oral health and intestinal conditions than those in the placebo group. Overall, our study revealed that a food additive in the form of an oral postbiotic or heat-killed probiotic lozenge may effectively enhance oral immunity, inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, and increase the numbers of beneficial oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruei Liu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chen
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Hsu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Hsieh
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, Chi W, Zhou W, Tian Q, Hong Y, Zhou X, Ye H, Tian X, Hu R, Wong A. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2019992. [PMID: 35024089 PMCID: PMC8745366 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro. Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin (erm(T), ermB or mefA) and fluoroquinolone (parC or gyr(A)) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX, and aph(3")-III or ant(2")-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingya Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Elmokanen M, Ezzat M, Ibrahim A, Shaalan O. Effect of dissolving xylitol chewable tablets versus xylitol chewing gum on bacterial count and salivary pH in geriatric bedridden patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Int Oral Health 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_205_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Mishra P, Abikshyeet P, Bhuyan L, Kumar V, Mahapatra N, Adhikary T. Probiotics: Dawn of a new era in dental caries management. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S34-S38. [PMID: 36110745 PMCID: PMC9469361 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_801_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is considered to be the most common pathology of the oral cavity. The pathogenesis of dental carries is believed to be because of imbalance in the microbiological niche creating an ecological pressure. Probiotics are living microorganisms which when dispensed in appropriate amounts can benefit the health of the host. They have posed as a promising replacement to antibiotics that can aid in solving dental issues like dental caries. There are numerous Randomized control trials to validate this fact. There are also various modes through which a probiotic can be delivered against dental caries. Numerous new avenues like effector strains and synbiotics are also explored nowadays. The present review is about the significance of probiotics in the management of dental caries.
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17
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Guerrero Sanchez M, Passot S, Campoy S, Olivares M, Fonseca F. Ligilactobacillus salivarius functionalities, applications, and manufacturing challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:57-80. [PMID: 34889985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a lactic acid bacteria that has been gaining attention as a promising probiotic. Numerous strains exhibit functional properties with health benefits such as antimicrobial activity, immunological effects, and the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota. However, just a small number of them are manufactured at an industrial scale and included in commercial products. The under exploitation of L. salivarius strains that remain in the freezer of companies is due to their incapacity to overcome the environmental stresses induced by production and stabilization processes.The present study summarizes the functionalities and applications of L. salivarius reported to date. It aims also at providing a critical evaluation of the literature available on the manufacturing steps of L. salivarius concentrates, the bacterial quality after each step of the process, and the putative degradation and preservation mechanisms. Here, we highlight the principal issues and future research challenges for improving the production and long-term preservation at the industrial scale of this microorganism, and probably of other probiotics.Key points• L. salivarius beneficial properties and commercialized products.• Production conditions and viability of L. salivarius after stabilization processes.• Prospects for identifying preservation mechanisms to improve L. salivarius stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Passot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Campoy
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - F Fonseca
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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18
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Mulla M, Hegde S, Koshy A, Mulla M. Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius on Peri-Implantitis Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e20808. [PMID: 35111477 PMCID: PMC8794362 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Varied treatment modalities have been described in the past for the management of peri-implant diseases but the evidence of the use of probiotics for the treatment of peri-implantitis is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on the growth of peri-implantitis pathogens. Material and method Anin vitroassessment of probiotic L. salivarius on peri-implantitis pathogens was done using the serial tube dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated for five subgingival pathogens namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus salivarius, and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowermost concentration of any drug that prevents the noticeable growth of the test organism. In vitro assessment to determine the MIC is necessary for an in vivo application. The MIC value will also help to find the drug’s accurate dosage. Results Peri-implantitis pathogens were cultured from individuals diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Except for A. actinomycetemcomitans, all other pathogens were susceptible to the probiotic. S. salivarius had the lowest MIC (0.8mg/mL). Conclusion The MIC value for pathogens will help to determine the effective mode and form of probiotic that can be used for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munaz Mulla
- Periodontology, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, IND
| | | | - Ajit Koshy
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Mushir Mulla
- Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Arrass, SAU
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19
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How YH, Yeo SK. Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34351255 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, oral probiotics have been researched on their effectiveness in reducing and preventing oral diseases. Oral probiotics could be introduced into the oral cavity to keep the equilibrium of the microbiome. Hence, the delivery carrier for oral probiotics plays an important factor to ensure a high number of oral probiotics were delivered and released into the oral cavity. This review presents a brief overview of oral microbiota and the role of oral probiotics in reducing oral diseases. Moreover, important aspects of the oral probiotic product such as viability, adherence ability, health effects, safety, and delivery site were discussed. Besides that, the importance of utilizing indigenous oral probiotics was also emphasized. Oral probiotics are commonly found in the market in the form of chewing tablets, lozenges, and capsules. Hence, the oral probiotic carriers currently used in the market and research were reviewed. Furthermore, this review introduces new potential oral probiotic delivery carriers such as oral strip, bucco-adhesive gel, and mouthwash. Their effectiveness in delivering oral probiotics for oral health was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan How
- UCSI University, Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 1, UCSI Heights, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, 56000 Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Koon Yeo
- Taylor's University, School of Biosciences, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Dental Caries. New Perspectives, Suggestions, and Patient Coaching Approach for a Cavity-Free Mouth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic therapy forms a new strategy for dental caries prevention. Probiotic microorganisms possess the ability to displace cariogenic microorganisms and colonize the oral cavity. They can produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins, bacteriocin-like peptides, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Dairy products may be ideal for probiotic administration in dental patients. Many other means have been proposed, primarily for those allergic to dairy components, such as capsules, liquid form, tablets, drops, lozenges, sweetened cakes, and ice creams. The last two forms can be used in a coaching approach for children and elderly patients who find it difficult to avoid sugary beverages in their daily routine and benefit from the suggestion of easy, cheap, and common forms of delicacies. In caries prevention, the concept of the effector strain is already considered an integral part of the contemporary caries cure or prevention strategy in adults. Adults, though, seem not to be favored as much as children at early ages by using probiotics primarily due to their oral microbiome’s stability. In this non-systematic review we describe the modes of action of probiotics, their use in the cariology field, their clinical potential, and propose options to prevent caries through a patient coaching approach for the daily dental practice.
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21
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Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C. A Review of the Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Dental Caries. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1300-1309. [PMID: 32307660 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dental diseases are among the common health issues experienced around the world. Dental caries is one of the most predominant oral diseases worldwide. Major factors associated with caries development include poor oral hygiene, the content of specific carbohydrates in the diet, dental biofilm formation, the cariogenic microbial load, reduction in salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, gingival recession, genetic factors, and lack of personal attention to one's dental health. Several preventive measures have been implemented to reduce the risk of the development of caries. Probiotics are live microbes that when administered in suitable amounts confer health benefits on the host; they are recognized as potential adjunct therapeutic agents for several diseases. The present manuscript summarizes recent findings on the role of probiotics in dental caries prevention and the possible mechanisms of probiotic effects. Review of the literature indicates the regular consumption of probiotic products significantly reduced the risk of caries by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria and enriching commensal microbes in the oral cavity. Buffering the salivary pH, production of bacteriocin and enzymes (dextranase, mutanase, and urease), the capacity of competing for the adhesion and colonization on tooth surfaces are the possible mechanisms behind the beneficial effect of probiotics. Further studies are necessary to address the efficacy of long-term probiotic supplementation on the control of dental diseases and the influence of childhood probiotic supplementation on the risk of caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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22
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Protective Action of L. salivarius SGL03 and Lactoferrin against COVID-19 Infections in Human Nasopharynx. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113086. [PMID: 34200055 PMCID: PMC8200234 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used live viral particles from oral secretions from 17 people infected with SARS-CoV-2 and from 17 healthy volunteers, which were plated on a suitable medium complete for all microorganisms and minimal for L.salivarius growth. Both types of media also contained an appropriately prepared vector system pGEM-5Zf (+) based on the lactose operon (beta-galactosidase system). Incubation was carried out on both types of media for 24 h with the addition of 200 μL of Salistat SGL03 solution in order to test its inhibitory effect on the coronavirus contained in the oral mucosa and nasopharynx, visible as light blue virus particles on the test plates, which gradually disappeared in the material collected from infected persons over time. Regardless of the conducted experiments, swabs were additionally taken from the nasopharynx of infected and healthy people after rinsing the throat and oral mucosa with Salistat SGL03. In both types of experiments, after 24 h of incubation on appropriate media with biological material, we did not find any virus particles. Results were also confirmed by MIC and MBC tests. Results prove that lactoferrin, as one of the ingredients of the preparation, is probably a factor that blocks the attachment of virus particles to the host cells, determining its anti-viral properties. The conducted preliminary experiments constitute a very promising model for further research on the anti-viral properties of the ingredients contained in the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement.
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23
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Kucia M, Wietrak E, Szymczak M, Kowalczyk P. Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Other Natural Components against Anaerobic Periodontal Bacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194519. [PMID: 33023121 PMCID: PMC7582733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the Lactobacillus salivarius strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected red complex bacteria living in the subgingival plaque, inducing a disease called periodontitis, i.e., chronic periodontitis. Untreated periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the gums, root cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and others. Our hypothesis was verified by taking swabs of scrapings from the surface of the teeth of female hygienists (volunteers) on full and selective growth media for L. salivarius. The sizes of the zones of growth inhibition of periopathogens on the media were measured before (in vitro) and after consumption (in vivo) of Salistat SGL03, based on the disk diffusion method, which is one of the methods of testing antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, each of the periopathogens analyzed by the reduction inoculation method, was treated with L. salivarius contained in the SGL03 preparation and incubated together in Petri dishes. The bacteriostatic activity of SGL03 preparation in selected periopathogens was also analyzed using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement in the prophylaxis and support of the treatment of periodontitis-already treated as a civilization disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kucia
- R&D Depatrment Nutropharma LTD, Jedności 10A, 05-506 Lesznowola, Poland; (M.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Ewa Wietrak
- R&D Depatrment Nutropharma LTD, Jedności 10A, 05-506 Lesznowola, Poland; (M.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Mateusz Szymczak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-765-3301
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Chugh P, Dutt R, Sharma A, Bhagat N, Dhar MS. A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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25
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Eliaz I. The Failure of Probiotics-and the Strategy of Microbiome Synergy. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:8-10. [PMID: 33132772 PMCID: PMC7572142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- founder and medical director of Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center in Santa Rosa, California
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26
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Alshareef A, Attia A, Almalki M, Alsharif F, Melibari A, Mirdad B, Azab E, Youssef AR, Dardir A. Effectiveness of Probiotic Lozenges in Periodontal Management of Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Clinical and Immunological Study. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:281-287. [PMID: 32438428 PMCID: PMC7274828 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of probiotics used as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) on the periodontal parameters and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 chronic periodontitis patients who completed the treatment course of 40 subjects, aged 25 to 58 years, participated in this study. They were categorized into two groups: the first group was treated by SRP while the second group was treated by SRP and probiotic lozenges twice a day for 30 days. All patients were evaluated clinically by measuring the plaque index, bleeding index (BI), pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and immunologically by assaying GCF/MMP-8 at baseline and 30 days after periodontal management. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in periodontal parameters after SRP treatment with and without probiotic lozenges in both groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the BI (p = 0.05) in SRP and probiotic lozenges group after 30 days compared with SRP alone. In addition, there was a significant decrease in GCF/MMP-8 levels after 30 days in patients managed by SRP only (p = 0.017) compared with the baseline in both groups, whereas a highly significant decrease in patients treated by SRP and probiotics (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study suggested that the probiotics might have a beneficial effect on clinical and immunological outcomes in the management of chronic periodontitis patients. Further research is needed on a large-scale population and for a long recall time to confirm the response to probiotics as an adjunctive to SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alshareef
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Attia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alsharif
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Melibari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassel Mirdad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Azab
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Rahman Youssef
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Dardir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahram Canadian University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
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Lee DS, Lee SA, Kim M, Nam SH, Kang MS. Reduction of Halitosis by a Tablet Containing Weissella cibaria CMU: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food 2020; 23:649-657. [PMID: 32379992 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is referred to as an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth. Recently, probiotics have been studied as an alternative prevention for halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic bacterium Weissella cibaria Chonnam Medical University (CMU)-containing tablets (1 × 108 colony forming units [CFU]/g) on oral malodor. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 92 healthy adults (20-39 years of age) with bad breath. All subjects were randomly assigned to a test (probiotic, n = 49) or control (placebo, n = 43) group after dental scaling and root planing. The tablets were taken once daily for 8 weeks. Measurements included an organoleptic test (OLT), volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), bad breath improvement (BBI) scores, and the oral colonization of W. cibaria CMU. This study also assessed safety variables of adverse reactions, vital signs, and the findings of hematology and blood chemistry. Most of the variables were measured at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks. Safety-related variables were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. At week 4, a significant decrease in OLT and VSC results was observed in the test group while BBI scores were significantly reduced at week 8 (P < .05). Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed for changes in W. cibaria number at weeks 4 and 8. No safety issues were encountered in either group. These results indicate that W. cibaria CMU tablets could be a safe and useful oral care product for controlling bad breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Lee
- School of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- School of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Myoungsuk Kim
- School of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kang
- R&D Department, Research Institute, OraPharm, Inc., Seoul, Korea
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IgY-technology (egg yolk antibodies) in human medicine: A review of patents and clinical trials. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106269. [PMID: 32036273 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IgY-technology (the production and extraction of specific IgY antibodies from egg yolk) is an innovative method to produce antibodies for therapy and prophylaxis. Advantages of IgY over other antibodies comprise its cost-effective extraction, the minimization of animal harm and distress, and its reduced reactivity with mammalian factors. Many research groups have demonstrated that IgY is active against several pathogens or conditions, a fact that may support the design of novel, safe and effective health products. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of IgY-based biologicals for human medicine, including patent applications and clinical trials during the period 2010-2018, and addresses how IgY-technology can lead to innovation in the production of biologicals for the treatment and prophylaxis of a wide range of infectious and non-communicable diseases.
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Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 combined with green tea catechins on dental caries, periodontitis, and oral malodor. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:243-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic Weissella cibaria, CMU. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081984. [PMID: 30096901 PMCID: PMC6222630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have explored the use of probiotics like the Weissella cibaria strain, CMU (oraCMU), for use as preventive dental medicine instead of chemical oral care methods. The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial properties of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from this bacterium. Cell morphology using the scanning electron microscope, and the antibacterial effect of CFS under various growth conditions were evaluated. The production of hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, fatty acids, and secretory proteins was also studied. Most of the antibacterial effects of oraCMU against periodontal pathogens were found to be acid- and hydrogen peroxide-dose-dependent effects. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid were the most common organic acids. Among the 37 fatty acids, only 0.02% of oleic acid (C18:1n-9, cis) was detected. Proteomic analysis of the oraCMU secretome identified a total of 19 secreted proteins, including N-acetylmuramidase. This protein may be a potential anti-microbial agent effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Becirovic A, Abdi-Dezfuli JF, Hansen MF, Lie SA, Vasstrand EN, Bolstad AI. The effects of a probiotic milk drink on bacterial composition in the supra- and subgingival biofilm: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:865-874. [PMID: 30041533 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can convert a dysbiotic bacterial environment into a healthy one. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a probiotic milk drink on the composition of bacterial species in dental supra- and subgingival biofilms. Sixteen dental students were enrolled into this study with a crossover, within subject, design. The participants were asked to allow plaque accumulation by refraining from cleaning their molars during two separate periods, each lasting three weeks. Each period consisted of an initial professional dental cleaning procedure done at the university clinic, then a 3 week plaque accumulation period, followed by a return to the clinic for supra- and subgingival plaque sampling. The first period served as a control, and during the second plaque accumulation period the participants drank 200 ml probiotic milk beverage each day. The accumulated plaque removed at the end of the accumulation period was later tested against a panel of 20 oral bacterial species using the checkerboard method. Three weeks consumption of a probiotic beverage led to a significant reduction in 15 of 20 bacterial species present in supragingival plaque and a reduction in 4 of 20 bacterial species in subgingival plaque (all P<0.05). This study showed a favorable effect of probiotics on periodontopathic bacteria in dental biofilms. The potential influence of this kind of probiotic in prevention or treatment of periodontal inflammation deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becirovic
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - J F Abdi-Dezfuli
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - M F Hansen
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Lie
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - E N Vasstrand
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - A I Bolstad
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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A Review of Selected Studies That Determine the Physical and Chemical Properties of Saliva in the Field of Dental Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6572381. [PMID: 29854777 PMCID: PMC5966679 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6572381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiological whole saliva is a unique body fluid constantly washing the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and larynx. Saliva is a clear, slightly acidic mucinous-serous secretion, composed of various electrolytes, small organic substances, proteins, peptides, and polynucleotides. There are many ways to use saliva as a biological fluid (biofluid). The significant advantages of saliva as a unique diagnostic material are its availability and the noninvasive method of collection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the diagnostic value of saliva as a research material in the configuration of its structure and secretion disorders. The data were obtained using the MEDLINE (PubMed) search engine, as well as an additional manual search. The analysis covered 77 articles selected from a group of 1986 publications and initially qualified for devising. The results were evaluated and checked for the correctness of qualifying in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnostic use of saliva has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its noninvasive nature and relative simplicity of collection. In addition, it should be noted that the determination of chemical and physical saliva parameters can be effectively performed in the patient's presence in the dental office.
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Abstract
The three main oral diseases of humans, that is, caries, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis, are associated with microbiome shifts initiated by changes in the oral environment and/or decreased effectiveness of mucosal immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss the role that microbial-based therapies may have in the control of these conditions. Most investigations on the use of microorganisms for management of oral disease have been conducted with probiotic strains with some positive but very discrete clinical outcomes. Other strategies such as whole oral microbiome transplantation or modification of community function by enrichment with health-promoting indigenous oral strains may offer more promise, but research in this field is still in its infancy. Any microbial-based therapeutics for oral conditions, however, are likely to be only one component within a holistic preventive strategy that should also aim at modification of the environmental influences responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of microbiome shifts associated with oral dysbiosis.
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Coqueiro AY, Bonvini A, Raizel R, Tirapegui J, Rogero MM. Probiotic supplementation in dental caries: is it possible to replace conventional treatment? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wasfi R, Abd El‐Rahman OA, Zafer MM, Ashour HM. Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1972-1983. [PMID: 29316223 PMCID: PMC5824418 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L. salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyOctober University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)GizaEgypt
| | - Ola A. Abd El‐Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University (Girls)CairoEgypt
| | - Mai M. Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyAhram Canadian University (ACU)GizaEgypt
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of South Florida St. PetersburgSt. PetersburgFLUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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Sañudo AI, Luque R, Díaz-Ropero MP, Fonollá J, Bañuelos Ó. In vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activity evaluation of inactivated cells of Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 5713 against Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Effect of a Lactobacillus Salivarius Probiotic on a Double-Species Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans Caries Biofilm. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111242. [PMID: 29135948 PMCID: PMC5707714 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cariogenic effects of Lactobacillus salivarius by reducing pathogenic species and biofilm mass in a double-species biofilm model. Coexistence of S. mutans with C. albicans can cause dental caries progression or recurrence of the disease in the future. Fifty-nine children with diagnosed early childhood caries (ECC) were recruited onto the study. The condition of the children's dentition was defined according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The participants were divided into children with initial enamel demineralization and children showing dentin damage. The study was performed on the S. mutans and C. albicans clinical strains, isolated from dental plaque of patients with ECC. The effect of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus salivarius on the ability of S. mutans and C. albicans to produce a double-species biofilm was investigated in an in vitro model. The biomass of the formed/non-degraded biofilm was analyzed on the basis of its crystal violet staining. The number of colonies of S. mutans and C. albicans (CFU/mL, colony forming units/mL) forming the biofilm was determined. Microorganism morphology in the biofilm was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro analysis demonstrated that the presence of S. mutans increased the number of C. albicans colonies (CFU/mL); the double-species biofilm mass and hyphal forms produced in it by the yeast. L. salivarius inhibited the cariogenic biofilm formation of C. albicans and S. mutans. Under the influence of the probiotic; the biofilm mass and the number of S. mutans; C. albicans and S. mutans with C. albicans colonies in the biofilm was decreased. Moreover; it can be noted that after the addition of the probiotic; fungi did not form hyphae or germ tubes of pathogenic potential. These results suggest that L. salivarius can secrete intermediates capable of inhibiting the formation of cariogenic S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm; and may inhibit fungal morphological transformation and thereby reduce the pathogenicity of C. albicans; weakening its pathogenic potential. Further research is required to prove or disprove the long-term effects of the preparation and to achieve preventive methods.
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Chaves BD, Brashears MM, Nightingale KK. Applications and safety considerations of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animal and human health. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:18-28. [PMID: 28256040 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the application of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animals and humans, and to address safety concerns with its use on live hosts. Overall, several strains of L. salivarius are well established probiotics with multiple applications in animal health, particularly to reduce colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens, and to a lesser extent, as a production and quality aid. In humans, L. salivarius has been used to prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases, including asthma, cancer, atopic dermatitis and halitosis, and to a much limited extent, to prevent or treat infections. Based on the results from primary research evidence, it seems that L. salivarius does not pose a health risk to animals or humans in the doses currently used for a variety of applications; however, there is a systematic lack of studies assuring the safety of many of the strains intended for clinical use. This review provides researchers in the field with up-to-date information regarding applications and safety of L. salivarius. Furthermore, it helps researchers identify knowledge gaps and potential opportunities for microbiological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Chaves
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - M M Brashears
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - K K Nightingale
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Lin YTJ, Chou CC, Hsu CYS. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota intake on caries risk in children. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:179-184. [PMID: 30895045 PMCID: PMC6395271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Yakult is a well-known probiotic beverage consisting of a single live bacterial species, Lactobacillus casei Shirota. However, the potential cariogenic/cariostatic effects of Yakult intake among children have not been studied yet. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of short-term Yakult intake on oral biofilm acidogenicity, cariogenic bacterial counts, and caries risk in children. Materials and methods Eighteen children, 7–11 years of age, consumed standard Yakult daily for 7 days. Prior to and after intervention, functional oral biofilm acidogenicity characterized by the Stephan curve, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans counts, and caries risk were determined. Results Probiotic intervention demonstrated significant increase in minimum pH from 4.88 to 5.14 (P = 0.02), 18.2% reduction in area under the Stephen curve [area under the curve (AUC)], and 29.3% decrease in pH recovery time, although these two differences were not statistically significant. No difference was observed in S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts or caries risk after intervention (all P > 0.05). However, on subgroup analysis using “reduction of AUC” to separate “responders” from the “nonresponders”, the significant cariostatic effects on oral biofilm acidogenicity, among “responders”, were revealed by an increase in minimum pH (P = 0.005) and a reduction in pH recovery time (P = 0.003). Conclusion There may be a potential cariostatic effect of short-term Yakult intake in reducing functional biofilm acidogenicity in children with certain oral biofilm and risk profile. Further studies may be needed to validate this probiotic effect. Quality risk assessment may be critical prior to prescribing/recommending Yakult as an adjunct caries-preventive treatment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yng-Tzer Joseph Lin
- Pediatric Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Chin Chou
- Pediatric Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Slomka V, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Herrero ER, Zaidel L, Bernaerts K, Boon N, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Nutritional stimulation of commensal oral bacteria suppresses pathogens: the prebiotic concept. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:344-352. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Slomka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Kristel Bernaerts
- Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology; Reactor Engineering and Safety Section; Department of Chemical Engineering; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET); Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Abou Neel EA, Aljabo A, Strange A, Ibrahim S, Coathup M, Young AM, Bozec L, Mudera V. Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4743-4763. [PMID: 27695330 PMCID: PMC5034904 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Understanding the process of mineral deposition is important for the development of treatments for mineralization-related diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. This review provides a thorough overview of the up-to-date information on the theories describing the possible mechanisms and the factors implicated as agonists and antagonists of mineralization. Then, the role of calcium and phosphate ions in the maintenance of teeth and bone health is described. Throughout the life, teeth and bone are at risk of demineralization, with particular emphasis on teeth, due to their anatomical arrangement and location. Teeth are exposed to food, drink, and the microbiota of the mouth; therefore, they have developed a high resistance to localized demineralization that is unmatched by bone. The mechanisms by which demineralization-remineralization process occurs in both teeth and bone and the new therapies/technologies that reverse demineralization or boost remineralization are also scrupulously discussed. Technologies discussed include composites with nano- and micron-sized inorganic minerals that can mimic mechanical properties of the tooth and bone in addition to promoting more natural repair of surrounding tissues. Turning these new technologies to products and practices would improve health care worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Anas Aljabo
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Adam Strange
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Salwa Ibrahim
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Melanie Coathup
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - Anne M Young
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Vivek Mudera
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, UK
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Gueimonde L, Vesterlund S, García-Pola MJ, Gueimonde M, Söderling E, Salminen S. Supplementation of xylitol-containing chewing gum with probiotics: a double blind, randomised pilot study focusing on saliva flow and saliva properties. Food Funct 2016; 7:1601-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of daily chewing, for 12 weeks, of 2 different probiotic gums compared with placebo on saliva flow rate, saliva IgA levels and saliva pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gueimonde
- School of Dentistry
- University of Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
- Functional Foods Forum
| | | | | | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products
- IPLA-CSIC
- Spain
| | - Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry
- University of Turku
- Turku
- Finland
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Pandey V, Berwal V, Solanki N, Malik NS. Probiotics: Healthy bugs and nourishing elements of diet. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:81-7. [PMID: 25992331 PMCID: PMC4415334 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.155726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics is based on the concept that adding the right live microbes to the complex human system can result in physiological benefits. The benefit of fermented milk in human diet has been acknowledged since Vedic times; however, the scientific interest in this field was evoked by Ellie Metchinkoff who recommended that people should consume fermented milk containing lactobacilli to prolong their lives, as accelerated aging is due to autointoxication caused by the toxins produced by the gut microflora. They have been used to improve gastrointestinal health and their attractiveness has evinced interest to study their role in the promotion of oral health also. Studies have been widely carried out to establish the role of intestinal lactobacilli as probiotic to treat various gastrointestinal disorders, but only limited studies are available on the oral use of probiotics. The probiotic products usually contain lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and their demand in the market is growing day by day. This paper provides an overview of various studies in the literature that emphasize on the role of probiotics to combat oral diseases and encourages more research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra Pandey
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vikas Berwal
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PGIDS, Rohtak, India
| | - Neeraj Solanki
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalka Dental College and Preventive Dentistry, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narender Singh Malik
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Burhanpur Lalbagh Road, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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