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Sher AA, Iqbal A, Adil M, Shah Z, Butt ZA, Ullah S, Nafees M, Sohni S. Phytochemical profile and pharmacological potential of Withania somnifera whole plant extracts. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5968. [PMID: 39039695 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera belongs to the family Solanaceae, commonly called ashwagandha, and is traditionally used as an astringent, hepatoprotective and antioxidant, and as a treatment for rheumatism. Therefore the current study aimed to explore the dichloromethane fraction of W. somnifera whole plant (DCFWS) and ethyl acetate fraction of W. somnifera (EAFWS) using gas chromatoghraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and to find the acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential along with spasmolytic activity. The GC-MS-detected phytochemicals were 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, 1-nonadecene and 11-octadecenoic acid. The DCFWS and EAFWS exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential with significant inhibitory concentration values. The acute toxicity results of both fractions showed high toxicity, causing emesis at 0.5 g and both emesis and diarrhea at 1 g/kg. Both fractions exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.01) laxative activity against metronidazole (7 mg/kg) and loperamide hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) induced constipation. Both DCFWS (66.8 ± 3.85%) and EAFWS (58.58 ± 3.28%) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased charcoal movement compared with distal water (43.93 ± 4.34%). Similarly the effect of DCFWS on KCl-induced (80 mm) contraction was more significant as compared with EAFWS. It was concluded that the plant can be used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases such as constipation. Furthermore, additional work is required in the future to determine the bioactive compounds that act as therapeutic agents in W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Ali Sher
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adil
- Center for Plant sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zamarud Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali Butt
- Department of Botany, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Sohni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
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Zhou P, Wang X, Sun M, Yan S. Effects of natural products on functional constipation: analysis of active ingredient and mechanism. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2083-2103. [PMID: 37870581 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent clinical ailment of the gastrointestinal system, yet its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, they are insufficient in resolving the issue for patients. This work conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to the utilization of natural products for the treatment of constipation, with a focus on the efficacy of natural products in treating constipation, and to provide a comprehensive summary of their underlying mechanisms of action. Upon conducting a thorough review of the extant literature, we found that natural products can effectively treat constipation as modern synthetic drugs and compounded drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects, rich in fiber and mucus, and the effects of increasing the tension of the ileum and gastrointestinal tract muscle, mediating signaling pathways, cytokine, excitability of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, there is a wide variety of natural products, and there are still relatively few studies; the composition of natural products is complex, and the mechanism of action of natural products cannot be clarified. In the future, we need to further improve the detailed mechanism of natural products for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
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Ayele AG, Kawet JS. Evaluations of the in vivo Laxative Effects of Aqueous Leaf and Stem Extracts of Artemisia Abyssinica in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:135-142. [PMID: 38528962 PMCID: PMC10962457 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s456029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People frequently complain of long-term constipation. The cost associated with using modern medications to treat constipation is significant, and the probability of encountering side effects is notably high. These limitations restrict their effectiveness in therapy, remain unresolved, and underscore the need for research on alternative therapeutic approaches. Plants of the genus Artemisia have been used to treat constipation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the laxative effects of aqueous A. abyssinica leaf and stem extracts of Artemisia abyssinica in mice. Methods The laxative activity of A. abyssinica leaf and stem extracts was evaluated using three models: laxative activity, gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal secretion. In this study, bisacodyl was used as a standard laxative and loperamide was used to induce constipation. Results In the laxative test, 200 (P<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.01) doses of plant extract significantly increased the percentage of fecal water content. Moreover, the highest dose of extract increased the frequency of defecation after 12 h (p<0.05). In the remaining two models, the experimental plans also showed significantly higher gastrointestinal motility and noticeable accumulation of intestinal fluid. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that aqueous leaf and stem extracts of A. abyssinica have laxative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeberegn Gorems Ayele
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jeylan Sinba Kawet
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Iqbal A, Sher AA, Muhammad N, Badshah SL, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Extraction and Fractionation of Prokinetic Phytochemicals from Chrozophora tinctoria and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134321. [PMID: 35807565 PMCID: PMC9268473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrozophora tinctoria is an annual plant of the family Euphorbiaceae, traditionally used as a laxative, a cathartic and an emetic. A methanolic extract of Chrozophora tinctoria (MEC) whole plant and an n-butanol fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (NBFC) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the phytochemicals. MEC and NBFC were tested for in vitro anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) potential. The effect of both samples on intestinal propulsive movement and spasmolytic activity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also studied. About twelve compounds in MEC and three compounds in NBFC were tentatively identified through GC-MS. Some of them are compounds with known therapeutic activity, such as toluene; imipramine; undecane; 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid. Both NBFC and MEC samples were checked for acute toxicity and were found to be highly toxic in a dose-dependent manner, causing diarrhea and emesis at 1 g/kg concentration in pigeons, with the highest lethargy and mortality above 3 g/kg. Both the samples of Chrozophora tinctoria revealed significant (p ≤ 0.01) laxative activity against metronidazole (7 mg/kg) and loperamide hydrochloride (4 mg/kg)-induced constipation. NBFC (81.18 ± 2.5%) and MEC (68.28 ± 2.4%) significantly increased charcoal meal intestinal transit compared to distal water (41.15 ± 4.3%). NBFC exhibited a significant relaxant effect (EC50 = 3.40 ± 0.20 mg/mL) in spontaneous rabbit jejunum as compared to MEC (EC50 = 4.34 ± 0.68 mg/kg). Similarly, the impact of NBFC on KCl-induced contraction was more significant than that of MEC (EC50 values of 7.22 ± 0.06 mg/mL and 7.47 ± 0.57 mg/mL, respectively). The present study scientifically validates the folk use of Chrozophora tinctoria in the management of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation. Further work is needed to isolate the phytochemicals that act as diarrheal agents in Chrozophora tinctoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Ayaz Ali Sher
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Hammami I, Sebai H. Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peel and Study of Its Protective Effect Against Loperamide-Induced Impaired Gastrointestinal Motor Functions and Oxidative Stress in Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:892-901. [PMID: 35143346 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polysaccharide attached to carbohydrates. These are substances exclusively of plant origin. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the laxative effects of orange peel pectin extract (OPPE) against constipation induced by loperamide (LOP) in rats. Rats were equally divided into six groups and treated daily 1 week as follows: Control, LOP (3 mg/kg, body weight [b.w.], Per Os [p.o.]), LOP+yohimbine (2 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.), and LOP+OPPE (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.). At the end of the experiment, the effects of OPPE were assessed by fecal parameters (numbers, weight, and water content), gastrointestinal transit, gastric emptying, serum metabolic parameter changes, intestinal and colon mucosa oxidative stress, and the histological examination. The defecation test showed that administration of LOP (3 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) leads to the production of remarkable constipation. Indeed, the number and water content of stools decreased (25.50 [n/24 h] and 29.86%) significantly (P < .05). Acute pretreatment with OPPE significantly and dose dependently accelerated the stool moistening and allowed an increase of stool weight (2.85, 3.61, 3.93 [g/24 h/rat]) as well as the frequency of defecation (47.36, 54.54, and 56.26 [n/24 h]). OPPE also significantly (P < .05) and dose dependently increased the intestinal motility (70.78%, 73.33%, and 75.01%) and gastric emptying. LOP-induced reduction (P < .05) of intestinal secretion was accompanied by a colonic and small bowel oxidative stress status and histological changes, which was attenuated by OPPE treatment. The findings of this study indicate that OPPE possesses an important role in the gastrointestinal motility regulation, and thus lend pharmacological credence to the suggested use of the natural pectin for the treatment, management, and/or control of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Imen Hammami
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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Na JR, Kim E, Na CS, Kim S. Citric Acid-Enriched Extract of Ripe Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. Induces Laxative Effects by Regulating the Expression of Aquaporin 3 and Prostaglandin E 2 in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation. J Med Food 2022; 25:12-23. [PMID: 35029511 PMCID: PMC8787707 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that extracts of the ripe fruit (rPM) and unripe fruit (uPM) of Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. and citric acid have a laxative effect, which is at least partially mediated by the increase in fecal parameters as seen in the low-fiber diet-induced constipation model rats. This study aims at investigating the laxative effects of citric acid-enriched aqueous extracts of rPM, uPM, and its active compounds, such as citric acid and malic acid, on loperamide-induced constipation rat models. Animal studies were conducted with loperamide-induced constipation animal models. The results showed that rPM and citric acid, the major organic acid compounds, significantly improved stool parameters (number, weight, and water content of the stools) generated in loperamide-induced constipation rats, without adverse effects of diarrhea. The gastrointestinal (GI) motility was activated fully in the rPM- and citric acid-treated rats than in rats treaded with loperamide alone. In addition, when rPM and citric acid were added to RAW264.7 cells and used to treat loperamide-induced constipation model rats, the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased significantly in cells and tissue. Furthermore, rPM and citric acid decreased the expression of the aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in the rat colons. Our results demonstrated that rPM and citric acid, the major organic acid compound in rPM, can effectively promote defecation frequency and regulate PGE2 secretion and AQP3 expression in the colon, providing scientific evidence to support the use of rPM as a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryun Na
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
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Laxative Effects of a Standardized Extract of Dendropanax morbiferus H. Léveille Leaves on Experimental Constipation in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111147. [PMID: 34833365 PMCID: PMC8619072 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the laxative effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lév. on two different constipation rat models. Materials and Methods: Animal studies were conducted with low-fiber diet-induced and loperamide-induced constipation animal models, and isolated colons were used in ex vivo analysis to determine the changes in colonic motility caused by D. morbiferus H. Lév. leaf extract (DPL). Results: The results showed that DPL administration significantly improved certain reduced fecal parameters (number, weight, and water content of the stools) in a both low-fiber diet and loperamide-induced constipation models without adverse effects of diarrhea. The laxative effect of DPL was confirmed to improve the charcoal excretion time upon DPL treatment in a low-fiber diet or loperamide-induced constipation model through gastrointestinal (GI) motility evaluation using the charcoal meal test. In addition, when DPL was administered to RAW264.7 cells and loperamide-induced constipation model rats, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased significantly in cells and tissue. Furthermore, DPL dose-dependently stimulated the spontaneous contractile amplitude and frequency of the isolated rat colon. Conclusion: Although our study did not provide information on the acute or chronic toxicity of DPL, our results demonstrated that DPL can effectively promote defecation frequency and rat colon contraction, providing scientific evidence to support the use of DPL as a therapeutic application. However, further toxicity studies of DPL are needed prior to the initiation of clinical trials and clinical applications.
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Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Zainab R, Daniyal M, Bankole MM, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Okuskhanova E. Herbal Medicine for the Management of Laxative Activity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1269-1283. [PMID: 34387161 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210812121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common and prevalent chronic gastrointestinal conditions across the globe that is treated or managed through various methods. Laxatives are used for the treatment or management of chronic/acute constipation. But due to the adverse effects associated with these laxatives, herbal foods should be considered as alternative therapies for constipation. In this review, the laxative potential of plant-based medicines used for constipation were discussed. Constipation may be caused by various factors such as lifestyle, particular food habits, pregnancy and even due to some medication. Chronic constipation is responsible for different health issues. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological paradigms are applied for the treatment or management of constipation. In the pharmacological way of treatment, medicinal plants have a key role, because of their fibrous nature. Numerous plants such as Prunus persica (Rosaceae), Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Leguminosae), Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Planta goovata (Plantaginaceae), Rheum emodi (Polygonaceae), Cassia auriculata (Caesalpinacea), Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae), Aloe barbadensis (Liliaceae), Mareya micrantha (Euphorbiaceae), Euphorbia thymifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Cascara sagrada (Rhamnaceae), Cassia angustifolia (Fabaceae) have laxative activity. Medicinal plants possess a significant laxative potential and support their folklore therefore, further, well-designed clinical-based studies are required to prove and improve the efficacy of herbal medicine for constipation. The present review showed that herbs laxative effect in various in-vivo/ in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029. South Korea
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi. Pakistan
| | - Marc Moboladji Bankole
- African Centre of Excellence (World Bank) Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Nigeria
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004, Moscow. Russian Federation
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Novel Characterization of Constipation Phenotypes in ICR Mice Orally Administrated with Polystyrene Microplastics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115845. [PMID: 34072552 PMCID: PMC8198713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect evidence has determined the possibility that microplastics (MP) induce constipation, although direct scientific proof for constipation induction in animals remains unclear. To investigate whether oral administration of polystyrene (PS)-MP causes constipation, an alteration in the constipation parameters and mechanisms was analyzed in ICR mice, treated with 0.5 μm PS-MP for 2 weeks. Significant alterations in water consumption, stool weight, stool water contents, and stool morphology were detected in MP treated ICR mice, as compared to Vehicle treated group. Also, the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and intestinal length were decreased, while the histopathological structure and cytological structure of the mid colon were remarkably altered in treated mice. Mice exposed to MP also showed a significant decrease in the GI hormone concentration, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) expression, and their downstream signaling pathway. Subsequent to MP treatment, concentrations of chloride ion and expressions of its channel (CFTR and CIC-2) were decreased, whereas expressions of aquaporin (AQP)3 and 8 for water transportation were downregulated by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. These results are the first to suggest that oral administration of PS-MP induces chronic constipation through the dysregulation of GI motility, mucin secretion, and chloride ion and water transportation in the mid colon.
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Kim JE, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Gong JE, Lee YJ, Sung JE, Jung YS, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Antioxidant activity and laxative effects of tannin-enriched extract of Ecklonia cava in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246363. [PMID: 33626068 PMCID: PMC7904174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of tannin-enriched extracts of Ecklonia cava (TEE) on the regulation of oxidative balance and laxative activity in chronic constipation, we investigated alterations after exposure to TEE, on constipation phenotypes, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and oxidative stress responses in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation. This extract contains high levels of total condensed tannin content (326.5 mg/g), and exhibited high inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. TEE treatment induced significant improvements in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation in primary smooth muscles of rat intestine cells (pRISMCs) and transverse colon of constipation model. Also, Lop+TEE treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, gastrointestinal transit, and intestine length were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, mucin secretion, water channel expression and gastrointestinal hormones secretion in the transverse colon; expressions of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators on muscarinic cholinergic regulation were significantly recovered. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that TEE stimulates oxidative stress modulation and muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in chronic constipation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Lee H, Choi EJ, Park S, Lee J. Laxative and antioxidant effects of ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L .) leaf extract in experimental constipated rats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3389-3401. [PMID: 32724603 PMCID: PMC7382170 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea L.) is rich in cellulose, polyphenol compounds, vitamin C, and minerals. The leaves of this plant, which are used for medicinal purposes, have long been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticolitis, and antidiabetic effects. We investigated the protective effects of ramie leaf ethanol extract (RLE) against loperamide-induced constipation and oxidative stress in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight of RLE (RLEL and RLEH groups) by gavage, while normal (NOR) and control (CON) rats received saline. Loperamide (4.0 mg/kg, twice per day) was injected subcutaneously to induce constipation in RLEL, RLEH, and CON groups. Total fecal number, wet weight, and water content decreased, while the total number of loperamide-induced fecal pellets in the distal colon increased with administration of RLE in a dose-dependent manner. Gastrointestinal transit time was more greatly reduced in RLE-treated groups than in the CON group. Serum total cholesterol (TC) level, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, was significantly lower in both RLEL and RLEH groups compared with the CON group. Intestinal mucosa malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the RLE-treated groups. Loperamide decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity, including that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while RLE administration increased the antioxidant activity. These results suggest that RLE exerts potent laxative and antioxidant effects in model rats with loperamide-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Culinary ScienceHankyong National UniversityAnsungKorea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Sihoon Park
- Department of Food and NutritionChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Jae‐Joon Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
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Oh KN, Kim Y, Choi EJ, Lee H, Hong JA, Kim M, Oh DR, Jung MA, Park RD, Kim SI, Yong JS, Lee HS, Ban S, Choi CY. Laxative Activity of the Hot-Water Extract Mixture of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel in Chronic Constipation Model SD Rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:649-661. [PMID: 32482930 PMCID: PMC9728358 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HD), Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg). For the lowfiber diet-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group (normal diet), negative control group (low-fiber diet), positive control group (Agio granule, 620 mg/kg), and the same treatment groups. Fecal number, weight, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio were higher in the groups treated with HP, HD, and PM than in the groups treated with loperamide or lowfiber diet. Thickness of colon mucosa and muscle layers were increased in the treated groups. Colon tension increased in the HP groups, and [Ca2+]i measurements using fura-2 as an indicator showed that HP inhibits ATP-mediated Ca2+ influx in IEC-18 cells. These results showed that the HP mixture has laxative activity by increased mucin secretion and inducing contractile activity and relaxation. It may be a useful therapeutic strategy for ameliorating in chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo-Nyeo Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Hong
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dool-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-A Jung
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ro-Dong Park
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Kim
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seon Yong
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Seop Lee
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - SangOh Ban
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Yung Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
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Dey YN, Wanjari MM, Srivastava B, Kumar D, Sharma D, Sharma J, Gaidhani S. Beneficial effect of standardized extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber and its active constituents on experimental constipation in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04023. [PMID: 32509986 PMCID: PMC7264754 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tubers of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Elephant foot yam), principally consumed as crop food and vegetables, are used in ethno-medicinal practices in mitigation of constipation and piles. Hence, present study evaluated the effect of tubers of A. paeoniifolius and its active constituents glucomannan and betulinic acid on experimentally-induced constipation. The tuber and its extracts were standardized as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and physicochemical constants were found within the pharmacopoeial limit. HPTLC fingerprint profile of extracts has been developed using suitable mobile phase. Methanolic extract was subjected to column chromatography. The isolated phytoconstituents were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and MS and identified as betulinic acid and β-sitosterol. Functional constipation was induced in rats by oral administration of loperamide (3 mg/kg) for first 3 consecutive days. The rats were orally treated with methanolic and aqueous tuber extracts in the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, glucomannan (300 mg/kg) and betulinic acid (1.5 mg/kg) for 7 days. The parameters viz. number of stools, wet weight of stools and moisture content of stools and intestinal transit were studied. Treatment with tuber extracts, glucomannan and betulinic acid showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in fecal parameters and intestinal transit in constipated rats. The effects were comparable to standard laxative drug, sodium picosulfate (5 mg/kg, orally). The results indicated that tuber extracts and its active constituents showed laxative effect and relieved constipation. It is concluded that tuber of A. paeoniifolius exhibited beneficial effect in functional constipation possibly through its laxative action. The study validates its ethno-medicinal use in correction of constipation. The principal constituents, betulinic acid and glucomannan in tuber extracts might have played important role in relieving the constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu Nandan Dey
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish M Wanjari
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Srivastava
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudesh Gaidhani
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Douhoré GYT, Attioua KB, Soro Y, Kabran FA, Kablan LCA, Vedrenne M, Mathieu C, Vaca-Garcia C. Nor-cucurbitacins from the leaves of Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104538. [PMID: 32151637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mareya micrantha, an Ivoirian medicinal plant, was investigated for its chemical constituents and antioxidant properties. This study carried out on the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves led to three new nor-cucurbitacins named: 29-nor-1,2,3,4,5,10-dehydro-3,15α,20β-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-11,22-dioxo-cucurbita-23-ene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 29-nor-2β,20β,25-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-3,11,22-trioxo-cucurbita-4,23-diene (2) and 29-nor-2β,15α,20β-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-3,11,22-trioxo-cucurbita-4,23-diene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3). The structures were established on the basis of spectral data (NMR, UV, MS and IR). The antioxidant properties evaluated by DPPH and CUPRAC methods gave the best activity with compound 1. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolation of these compounds in Mareya micrantha, a species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnaoré Yoh Toussaint Douhoré
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Koffi Barthélemy Attioua
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Yaya Soro
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), INP-HB Yamoussoukro, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Faustin Aka Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Landry Claude Ahmont Kablan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marc Vedrenne
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Céline Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 allée Emile Monso - BP 44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carlos Vaca-Garcia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 allée Emile Monso - BP 44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Tessema MY, Wubneh ZB, Asrie AB. Laxative Activities of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Grewia ferruginea Hochst Ex A Rich in Mice. J Evid Based Integr Med 2020; 25:2515690X20926922. [PMID: 32489108 PMCID: PMC7271677 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20926922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous medicinal plants including the leaves of Grewia ferruginea used as traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation. This study was conducted to evaluate the laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea. METHODS The laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea was tested using 3 models: laxative activity, gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal secretion tests. The effect of the plant extract on mean number of feces, fecal water content, ratio of intestinal distance traveled by the charcoal meal and intestinal fluid accumulation were evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS Significant increase was observed in the mean weight of wet fecal matter at 200 (1.00 ± 0.03 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (1.01 ± 0.02 g, P < .01), relative to loperamide constipated negative control group. Similarly, percent fecal water content was significantly improved in extract treated groups at 100 mg/kg (52.10% ± 2.04%, P < .05), 200 mg/kg (54.02% ± 2.15%, P < .01), and 400 mg/kg (54.25% ± 2.50%, P < .01) compared with the negative control group. The gastroinestinal transit ratio was also significantly increased with 200 mg/kg (P < .01) and 400 mg/kg (P < .001) of the extract relative to the constipated negative control. The crude extract showed significant increase in intestinal fluid accumulation at 200 mg/kg (0.48 ± 0.07 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (0.51 ± 0.08 g, P < .01) compared with the negative control. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated that 80% methanol extract of the leaves of G ferruginea possessed significant laxative activity. As such, this study corroborates the traditional claim of using G ferruginea in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,
University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Belay Asrie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,
University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Ryu SH, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi Y, Kang HG, Kim KB, Kim S, Lim Y, Hwang DY. Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for laxative effects of red Liriope platyphylla in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:9. [PMID: 32257897 PMCID: PMC7081617 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) is a known herbal medicine used in the treatment of some chronic diseases including constipation, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and obesity. To determine and characterize putative biomarkers that predict the laxative effects induced by RLP treatment, alteration of endogenous metabolites was measured in the serum of loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation rats after administration of RLP extract (EtRLP) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data. The urine volume and amounts, and weights and water contents of stools were significantly recovered in the Lop + EtRLP treated group as compared to the No group, whereas body weight and food intake maintained constant levels. Also, significant recoveries in the thickness of mucosa and muscle were detected in the colon of the Lop + EtRLP treated group. Furthermore, pattern recognition showed absolutely different clustering of the serum analysis parameters when comparing the Lop treated group and Lop + EtRLP treated group. Of the 33 endogenous metabolites, 7 amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, threonine and valine) and 8 endogenous metabolites (betaine, creatine, glucose, taurine, ethanol, lactate, glycerol and succinate) were dramatically increased in the Lop + EtRLP treated SD rats. These results provide the first evidence pertaining to metabolic changes in the constipation rats treated with Lop + EtRLP. Additionally, these findings correlate with changes observed in 15 metabolites during the laxative effects of EtRLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Ryu
- Analysis Research Team, R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp, Gyeonggi-do, 13202 Republic of Korea.,4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Yusang Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- 3Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- 4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- 5Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 6Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
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17
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Lim JM, Kim YD, Song CH, Park SJ, Park DC, Cho HR, Jung GW, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi JS. Laxative effects of triple fermented barley extracts (FBe) on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:143. [PMID: 31226979 PMCID: PMC6587300 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation, a common health problem, causes discomfort and affects the quality of life. This study intended to evaluate the potential laxative effect of triple fermented barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) extract (FBe), produced by saccharification, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Weissella cibaria, on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, a well-established animal model of spastic constipation. METHODS Spastic constipation was induced via oral treatment with LP (3 mg/kg) for 6 days 1 h before the administration of each test compound. Similarly, FBe (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats once a day for 6 days. The changes in number, weight, and water content of fecal, motility ratio, colonic mucosa histology, and fecal mucous contents were recorded. The laxative properties of FBe were compared with those of a cathartic stimulant, sodium picosulfate. A total of 48 (8 rats in 6 groups) healthy male rats were selected and following 10 days of acclimatization. Fecal pellets were collected one day before administration of the first dose and starting from immediately after the fourth administration for a duration of 24 h. Charcoal transfer was conducted after the sixth and final administration of the test compounds. RESULTS In the present study, oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg of FBe exhibited promising laxative properties including intestinal charcoal transit ratio, thicknesses and mucous producing goblet cells of colonic mucosa with decreases of fecal pellet numbers and mean diameters remained in the lumen of colon, mediated by increases in gastrointestinal motility. CONCLUSION Therefore, FBe might act as a promising laxative agent and functional food ingredient to cure spastic constipation, with less toxicity observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Glucan Corp, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun Busan, 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- South East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Tongyoung-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53085 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Park
- Glucan Corp, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun Busan, 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corp, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun Busan, 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Jung
- Glucan Corp, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun Busan, 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, 31, Gwahaksandan 1-ro, 60 beon-gil, Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46742 Republic of Korea
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu Busan, 49277 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu Busan, 46958 Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim JE, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi YS, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Anti-Inflammatory Response and Muscarinic Cholinergic Regulation during the Laxative Effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040946. [PMID: 30795644 PMCID: PMC6412595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - You Sang Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 361-763, Korea.
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
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19
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Downregulation of Aquaporin 3 Mediated the Laxative Effect in the Rat Colon by a Purified Resin Glycoside Fraction from Pharbitis Semen. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9406342. [PMID: 30733814 PMCID: PMC6348868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9406342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pharbitis Semen, the seeds of Pharbitis nil, is widely used as a traditional purgative medicine in China, Korea, and Japan. This study investigated the laxative effects of a purified resin glycoside fraction obtained in our previous study from Pharbitis Semen in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods After orally administering a purified resin glycoside fraction from Pharbitis Semen (RFP) to rats, the content of fecal water, AQP3, NF-κB, COX-2 expression, and the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the colon were examined. Moreover, human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) were used to investigate the mechanism of RFP decreasing the AQP3 expression. Results Results obtained showed that treatment with RFP increased the feces excretion and fecal water content of rats in a dose-dependent manner. More interestingly, AQP3 expression was suppressed by RFP treatment both in the rat colons and in HT-29 cells, while the NF-κB pathway-mediated PGE2 production was activated. Interestingly, pretreating rats with BAY-11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) or indomethacin (COX-2 inhibitor) and RFP neither induced diarrhea nor decreased the AQP3 expression in the colon. Conclusions The purgative property of the purified resin glycoside fraction was attributed to NF-κB activation in the colon, which increased the COX-2-mediated secretion of PGE2. PGE2 decreased AQP3 expression which inhibits water absorbed from the intestine to the blood vessel side, resulting in the laxative effect of RFP.
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Kim JE, Yun WB, Lee ML, Choi JY, Park JJ, Kim HR, Song BR, Hong JT, Song HK, Hwang DY. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:294-304. [PMID: 30724689 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Lim Lee
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 2 College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun Keun Song
- 3 Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Kim JE, Kang MJ, Choi JY, Park JJ, Lee MR, Song BR, Kim HR, Park JW, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Hwang DY. Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones during laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extract isolated from Galla Rhois in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:223-231. [PMID: 30671109 PMCID: PMC6333618 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones have been reported in animal models for constipation undergoing laxative therapy when administered herbal products. We undertook to investigate whether the laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) affects the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones, by examining the concentration of four hormones and the activation of their receptors in the loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation model. Stool parameters, including number, weight and water content, were significantly recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group, relative to the Lop+vehicle treated group; however, food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. Also, a similar recovery was detected for thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, concentration of the four gastrointestinal hormones evaluated, namely, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL), were lower in the Lop+vehicle treated group than the No treated group, but were remarkably enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, the downstream signaling pathway of MTL and SS receptors were recovered after GEGR administration. Results of the present study therefore indicate that the laxative effects of GEGR treatment may be tightly related with the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the Lop-induced constipation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Kim JE, Lee MR, Park JJ, Choi JY, Song BR, Son HJ, Choi YW, Kim KM, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Quercetin promotes gastrointestinal motility and mucin secretion in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs downstream signal. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:309-317. [PMID: 29952685 PMCID: PMC6130520 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1474932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quercetin (QCT) has been known as a potential therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal diseases because it contributes to the stabilization of mast cells, the prevention of histamine release and modulation of CaCC chloride channel. OBJECTIVE We investigated the laxative effect and action mechanism of QCT in Lop-induced constipation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constipation of SD rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of loperamide (Lop) (4 mg/kg weight) in 0.5% Tween 20 twice a day for three days. After 24 h, the constipation group was further treated with 1× PBS (Lop + Vehicle treated group), 10 mg/kg of QCT (Lop + LQCT treated group), 20 mg/kg of QCT (Lop + MQCT treated group) or 40 mg/kg QCT (Lop + HQCT treated group) at once. At 24 h after QCT treatment, the constipation phenotypes were measured and the transverse colon was collected from SD rats. RESULTS The gastrointestinal motility, the number of stools and histological structures were significantly recovered in Lop + QCT treated group compared with the Lop + Vehicle treated group. Also, above activity of epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells were regulated by the mRNA expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2 and M3 (mAChR M2 and M3) and some mediators of their downstream signalling pathway. Finally, laxative effects of QCT on mAChR signalling pathway were significantly inhibited by the treatment of mAChR antagonist in primary smooth muscle of rat intestine cells (pRISMCs). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first strong evidence that QCT can be considered an important candidate for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Rim Lee
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Chungju, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
- CONTACT Dae Youn Hwang Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do50463, Korea
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Kim JE, Go J, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Spicatoside A in red Liriope platyphylla displays a laxative effect in a constipation rat model via regulating mAChRs and ER stress signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:185-198. [PMID: 30387811 PMCID: PMC6257849 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla extract (EtRLP) has been used as an oriental medicine for treatment of several chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and obesity. To investigate the laxative activity of EtRLP, the levels of key constipation markers and their molecular regulators were examined following administration of EtRLP in constipation Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with loperamide (Lop). Compared with the Lop+Vehicle‑treated group, the excretion levels of urine and stool were significantly enhanced in the Lop+EtRLP‑treated group, even though feeding levels were kept constant. There was a significant improvement in histological structure, cytological ultrastructure and mucin secretion in transverse colon sections from the Lop+EtRLP‑treated group, compared with the Lop+Vehicle‑treated group. The Lop+EtRLP‑treated group exhibited a rapid recovery of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) signaling pathway and of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, compared with Lop+Vehicle‑treated group. Spicatoside A, one of the key components detected in EtRLP, recovered the levels of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and Gα in primary rat intestinal smooth muscle cells (pRISMCs). Taken together, the present results indicated that spicatoside A‑containing EtRLP had therapeutic effects against Lop‑induced constipation in SD rats via improvement of the mAChR downstream signaling pathway and the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbok National University, Chungju 361‑763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
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Zihad SMNK, Saha S, Rony MS, Banu H, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Grice ID. Assessment of the laxative activity of an ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. shoot. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:8-12. [PMID: 29222032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd., commonly known as Kanta Bans, plays an important ethnobotanical role, especially in Asia. In traditional medicine it has reportedly been used for the treatment of constipation, blood-diseases, leucodema, inflammation and urinary discharges. A number of ethnomedicinal records exist regarding the use of B. arundinaceae shoots as a laxative, however, there are no scientific studies reported on its laxative activity. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to evaluate the laxative activity of an ethanolic B. arundinaceae shoot extract in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS B. arundinacea shoots were collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh in July 2015. An ethanolic shoot extract was obtained and its laxative activity was evaluated by faecal consistency, gastrointestinal transit and entero-pooling assays in a mouse model. Furthermore, a phytochemical investigation of the extract was conducted by UHPLC-ESI-QqQ MS and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS analysis. RESULTS The ethanolic shoot extract of B. arundinacea showed significant laxative activity in our mouse model, with significant increases in (i) the amount of wet faeces, with the maximum effect at 2h for 500mg/kg (47.92%), (ii) gastrointestinal transit (67.18% and 60.03% for doses of 250 and 500mg/kg, respectively), and (iii) small intestine content at the test doses of 250 and 500mg/kg p.o. Phytochemical investigation identified a total of thirty compounds in the ethanolic shoot extract of B. arundinacea using UHPLC-ESI-QqQ MS and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide support for the traditional use of B. arundinacea shoot as a laxative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland.
| | - Md Sifujjaman Rony
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Hasna Banu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - I Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Lee HJ, Lee H, Choi YI, Lee JJ. Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Improvement of Intestinal Function in Rats. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:561-570. [PMID: 28943769 PMCID: PMC5599577 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.4.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the laxative effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which contains high levels of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, against loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group (N) and three experimental groups; loperamide treated group (C), loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 300 mg/kg treated group (MLEL), and loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 600 mg/kg treated group (MLEH). After 33 d, fecal pellet amount, fecal weight, water content of fecal, gastrointestinal transit time and length, and serum lipid profiles were measured. Constipation was induced via subcutaneous injection of loperamide (2.0 mg/kg b.w., twice a day) for the final 5 d of the experiment. After loperamide administration, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significantly increase in the fecal pellets number, wet weight, and water content in rats compared with the C group. Moreover, increases in the intestinal length and viable Lactobacillus numbers in the feces were observed in the LAB-fermented MLE groups. The intestinal transit time was shorter in the LAB-fermented MLE groups than in the C group. In addition, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and an increase in HDL-cholesterol level. These results indicated that oral administration of LAB-fermented MLE shows laxative effect in loperamide-induced constipated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Culinary Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Yang-Il Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Jabri MA, Wannes D, Hajji N, Sakly M, Marzouki L, Sebai H. Role of laxative and antioxidant properties of Malva sylvestris leaves in constipation treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kim JE, Go J, Sung JE, Lee HA, Yun WB, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28122499 PMCID: PMC5267432 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uridine (Urd), which has been reported as a major component of RNA, plays an important role in various biological process including neuroprotection, biochemical modulation and glycolysis, although its role in constipation has yet to be established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the laxative effects of Urd on chronic constipation. Methods The constipation phenotypes and their related mechanisms were investigated in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with 100 mg/kg of Urd. Results The number, weight and water contents of stools were significantly higher in the Lop + Urd treated group than the Lop + Vehicle treated group, while food intake and water consumption of the same group were maintained at a constant level. The thickness of the mucosa layer, muscle and flat luminal surface, as well as the number of goblet cells, paneth cells and lipid droplets were enhanced in the Lop + Urd treated group. Furthermore, the expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2 and M3 (mAChR M2 and M3) at the transcriptional and translational level was recovered in the Lop + Urd treated group, while some markers such as Gα and inositol triphosphate (IP3) in their downstream signaling pathway were completely recovered by Urd treatment. Moreover, the ability for mucin secretion and the expression of membrane water channel (aquaporine 8, AQP8) were increased significantly in the Lop + Urd treated group compared with Lop + Vehicle treated group. Finally, the activity of Urd was confirmed in primary smooth muscle of rat intestine cells (pRISMC) based on Gα expression and IP3 concentration. Conclusions The results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that Urd can be considered an important candidate for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea.
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Kim JE, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Lee HA, Lee HG, Choi YW, Hwang DY. Effects of five candidate laxatives derived from Liriope platyphylla on the 5-HT receptor signaling pathway in three cell types present in the transverse colon. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:431-441. [PMID: 27922695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The laxative effects of aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla (AEtLP) on loperamide (Lop)‑induced constipation have been reported; however, the key compounds and the mechanism underlying these effects remain unclear. Therefore, the laxative effects of five candidates derived from L. platyphylla: Diosgenin (DG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), adenosine (AD), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and uridine (UD) were investigated by examining the alteration of G protein α (Gα) expression, protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and inositol triphosphate (IP3) concentration levels in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5‑HT; serotonin) receptor signaling pathway. Primary rat intestine smooth muscle cells (pRISMCs), intestinal epithelial cells (IEC)‑18 and B35 cells were cotreated with Lop and the five compounds in order to screen the candidates. AEtLP, prucalopride (PCP) and bisacodyl (BS) served as positive controls. In pRISMCs, Gα expression levels were recovered in the majority of candidate‑treated groups, whereas PKC phosphorylation recovery was observed only in the DG, 5‑HMF and AD treatment groups. In IEC‑18 cells, the AD treatment group mimicked the effects of PCP on PKC phosphorylation levels, whereas the DG, 5‑HMF, HPC and UD treatment groups mimicked the effects of AEtLP and BS. In B35 cells, a greater upregulation of PKC phosphorylation levels were observed in the UD treatment group compared with the PCP and BS treatment groups, whereas DG, 5‑HMF and AD treatment reduced the PKC phosphorylation levels to a greater extent than AEtLP treatment. However, effects similar to AEtLP, PCP and BS on Gα expression levels were not detected in any treatment groups in IEC‑18 and B35 cells. Furthermore, the level of IP3 was enhanced only in pRISMCs, in which all five candidates were effective, while the greatest concentration was observed in the UD treatment group. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that UD may be considered the compound with the greatest laxative activity, which may regulate the 5‑HT receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Koh
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 627‑706, Republic of Korea
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Sabiu S, Ashafa OTA. Toxicological implications and laxative potential of ethanol root extract of Morella serrata in loperamide-induced constipated Wistar rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2901-2908. [PMID: 27267728 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1193885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Morella serrata L. (Myricaceae) is commonly used in South Africa to treat several diseases including constipation. OBJECTIVES This study investigated toxicological implications and laxative potential of the ethanol root extract of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS While normal control animals were placed on sterile placebo, the loperamide-constipated rats were treated with the extract at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg doses for 7 days, and their feeding patterns and faecal properties were monitored. Gastrointestinal transit ratio and the toxicity profile of the tested doses were thereafter evaluated. RESULTS The significantly increased faecal volume (192.08%), feed (63.63%), water intake (55.97%) and improved intestinal motility (95.05%) in the constipated rats following treatment with the extract (at 300 mg/kg) suggested laxative potential of the extract. The 1.5-2.0-fold normalization of the platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes counts in the extract-treated constipated rats suggests its non-haematotoxic tendency. Furthermore, the extract (at the highest investigated dose) reversed the attenuation in the concentrations of the electrolytes (0.5-2-fold), total protein (62.12%) and albumin (55.88%) in the constipated animals as well as attenuated activities of hepatic enzymes (0.5-3.0-fold) and levels of urea (126.67%), creatinine (40.32%), cholesterol (3-fold) and triglycerides (9-fold). These further support its non-toxic and therapeutic attributes against constipation. CONCLUSION Overall, the effect exhibited by M. serrata in this study competed well with Senokot (standard drug) and proved that it may be relatively safe and with excellent laxative potential, thus, supporting its pharmacological applications in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Sabiu
- a Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences , University of the Free State , Phuthaditjhaba , South Africa
| | - Omotayo Tom Anofi Ashafa
- a Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences , University of the Free State , Phuthaditjhaba , South Africa
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Kim JE, Go J, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Lee HA, Lee YH, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Gallotannin-Enriched Extract Isolated from Galla Rhois May Be a Functional Candidate with Laxative Effects for Treatment of Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161144. [PMID: 27618438 PMCID: PMC5019396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several natural products containing tannins are used as traditional medicines for treatment of constipation; however, their pharmacological mechanism is not well understood. The laxative effects of gallotannin-enriched extract isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) were investigated using a constipation model induced by loperamide (Lop) injection. After analysis for antioxidant activity of GEGR, alterations in the excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were measured in the transverse colon of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with Lop-induced constipation following treatment with 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/ml of GEGR. The number and weight of feces increased significantly by 48–79% and 128–159%, respectively, in the Lop+GEGR treated group relative to the Lop+vehicle treated group, while food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. The thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface, as well as the number of goblet cells and crypt of lieberkuhn were enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, mucin secretion increased significantly in a dose dependent manner in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, the downstream signaling pathway of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) M2 and M3 was recovered by GEGR treatment, although the expression level varied. The levels of Gα expression and inositol triphosphate (IP3) concentration were also recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group relative to the Lop+vehicle treated group. The results of the present study provide strong evidence that tannins distributed in various medicinal plants are important candidates for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Koh
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hsieh SK, Xu JR, Lin NH, Li YC, Chen GH, Kuo PC, Chen WY, Tzen JTC. Antibacterial and laxative activities of strictinin isolated from Pu'er tea (Camellia sinensis). J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:722-729. [PMID: 28911609 PMCID: PMC9337302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Strictinin, the major phenolic compound in Pu'er teas produced from young leaves and buds of wild trees, was isolated to evaluate its antibacterial and laxative activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of strictinin against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined as 250 μM and 2000 μM, respectively, apparently higher than those of several antibiotics commonly used for bacterial infections. The additive and synergistic effects on the inhibitory activities of strictinin combined with other commercial antibiotics were observed in two bacteria tested in this study via the analysis of fractional inhibitory concentrations. Laxative activity was observed on defecation of the rats fed with strictinin. Further analysis showed that the laxative effect of strictinin was presumably caused by accelerating small intestinal transit, instead of enhancing gastric emptying, increasing food intake, or inducing diarrhea in the rats. Taken together with the antiviral activities demonstrated previously, it is suggested that strictinin is one of the active ingredients responsible for the antiviral, antibacterial, and laxative effects of wild Pu'er tea, and has the potential to be developed as a mild natural substitute for antibiotics and laxatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kuo Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Rui Xu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nan-Hei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yue-Chiun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Heng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Jabri MA, Mamadou G, Limas-Nzouzi N, Sebai H, El-Benna J, Marzouki L, Eto B, Amri M. Effects of aqueous extracts from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods on small intestinal motility in rats and jejunal permeability in mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed to assess the effects of carob pod aqueous extracts (CPAE, pulp, seeds or mixture) on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and intestinal epithelium permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | | | | | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre
- Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab
- Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
- Tunis 2092
- Tunisia
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Constipation enhances the propensity to seizure in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models of mice. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 44:200-6. [PMID: 25745976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases, affecting about 60 million people worldwide. The cellular and neurocircuit bases of epilepsy are poorly understood. Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as straining, hard stool, and infrequent defecation. Population-based studies have shown that the prevalence of constipation is up to 30% of the population in developed countries. The causal link between seizure and constipation is a common belief among patients and physicians, but there are no scientific data to support this association. The current investigation evaluated the effects of constipation induced by loperamide (a peripheral μ-opioid receptor agonist without effect on central nervous system receptors) and clidinium (a quaternary amine antimuscarinic agent with reduced central nervous system effects) on two different seizure models of mice: (1) myoclonic, clonic, and generalized tonic seizures and death induced by intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole and (2) clonic seizure threshold induced by intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazole. We demonstrated that the measured intestinal transit (%intestinal transit) decreased after loperamide or clidinium treatment for 3days. Constipation in mice which was induced by loperamide or clonidine caused a decrease in threshold to clonic seizure in the intravenous pentylenetetrazole seizure model. Moreover loperamide- or clidinium-induced constipation decreased latencies to, clonic, and tonic seizures and death in the intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole model of mice. Serum ammonia levels were slightly elevated in both loperamide- and clidinium-treated mice. In conclusion, loperamide- or clidinium-induced constipated mice are more prone to seizure which might confirm the belief of patients and physicians about constipation as a trigger of seizure.
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Choi JS, Kim JW, Cho HR, Kim KY, Lee JK, Sohn JH, Ku SK. Laxative effects of fermented rice extract in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1847-1854. [PMID: 25371743 PMCID: PMC4218700 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common problem in males and females. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the laxative effects of fermented rice extract (FRe) on rats with loperamide-induced constipation. FRe (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally once per day for six days following 1 h loperamide treatment. The laxative effects of FRe were compared with those of sodium picosulfate (S. picosulfate). Following the induction of constipation in the rats, a marked decrease was observed in the fecal pellet number and water content discharged over 24 h, the surface mucus thickness in the colonic lumen, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, thickness of the colonic mucosa and the number of mucus-producing cells, while an increase was observed in the number of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen and their mean diameter, as compared with the normal vehicle control rats. These conditions were significantly alleviated following the administration of the three doses of FRe when compared with the loperamide control group. However, the alleviating effects were lower than those of S. picosulfate, with the exception of the intestinal charcoal transit ratio. Similar effects on the intestinal charcoal transit ratio were detected for the three doses of FRe when compared with the S. picosulfate-treated rats. In conclusion, the results indicated that FRe exhibits a laxative effect without causing diarrhea, as compared with sodium picosulfate; thus, FRe may be effective as a complementary medicine in patients suffering from lifestyle-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- RIS Center, IACF, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea ; Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Glucan Corporation, Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corporation, Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Glucan Corporation, Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Hak Sohn
- RIS Center, IACF, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea ; Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Hou ML, Chang LW, Lin CH, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats and microarray analysis of drug-metabolizing genes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1291-1299. [PMID: 25046826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhein is a pharmacological active component found in Rheum palmatum L. that is the major herb of the San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a medicinal herbal product used as a remedy for constipation. Here we have investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and constipated rats. Microarray analysis was used to explore whether drug-metabolizing genes will be altered after SHXXT treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats was studied by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Gene expression profiling in drug-metabolizing genes after SHXXT treatment was investigated by microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS A validated LC-MS/MS method was applied to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrate that the loperamide-induced constipation reduced the absorption of rhein. Cmax significantly reduced by 2.5-fold, the AUC decreased by 27.8%; however, the elimination half-life (t1/2) was prolonged by 1.6-fold. Tmax and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly prolonged by 2.8-fold, and 1.7-fold, respectively. The volume of distribution (Vss) increased by 2.2-fold. The data of microarray analysis on gene expression indicate that five drug-metabolizing genes, including Cyp7a1, Cyp2c6, Ces2e, Atp1b1, and Slc7a2 were significantly altered by the SHXXT (0.5 g/kg) treatment. CONCLUSION The loperamide-induced constipation reduced the absorption of rhein. Since among the 25,338 genes analyzed, there were five genes significantly altered by SHXXT treatment. Thus, information on minor drug-metabolizing genes altered by SHXXT treatment indicates that SHXXT is relatively safe for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Hou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Choi JS, Kim JW, Kim KY, Lee JK, Sohn JH, Ku SK. Synergistic effect of fermented rice extracts on the probiotic and laxative properties of yoghurt in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:878503. [PMID: 25214876 PMCID: PMC4158107 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The objective was to evaluate the synergistic effects of fermented rice extracts (FRe) on the laxative and probiotic properties of yoghurt in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Methods. After constipation induction, yoghurt containing FRe (BFRe; 0.05%, 0.1%, or 1%) was administered orally once per day for 6 days. Results. Loperamide treatment caused marked decreases in fecal pellet numbers and water content discharged, as well as in the surface mucosal thickness of the colonic lumen, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, thickness, and number of mucous-producing goblet cells in the colonic mucosa, whereas it increased the remnant fecal pellet number and the mean diameter of the colonic lumen. However, this loperamide-induced constipation was ameliorated by treatment with FRe, yoghurt single formula, or 0.05%, 0.1%, or 1% BFRe (10 mL/kg). Additionally, the viable numbers of Lactobacillus in the cecal contents and feces were markedly higher than those in constipated rats. Moreover, greater probiotic and laxative effects were detected in BFRe-treated rats than in rats treated with equivalent doses of yoghurt or FRe single formula. Conclusion. The results suggest that addition of FRe to liquid yoghurt will enhance the probiotic and beneficial laxative effects of yoghurt in the digestive tract, without causing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- RIS Center, IACF, Silla University, Gwaebup-dong, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Glucan Corp. No. 305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Glucan Corp. No. 305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Hoenggye-ri 27, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijan-gun, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kwang Lee
- JKnutra, No. 502, 17 Joongdaero 23-gil, Songpa-ku, Seoul 138-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- RIS Center, IACF, Silla University, Gwaebup-dong, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Souli A, Sebai H, Rtibi K, Chehimi L, Sakly M, Amri M, El-Benna J. Effects of dates pulp extract and palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on gastrointestinal transit activity in healthy rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:782-6. [PMID: 24611963 PMCID: PMC4098977 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed to measure the chemical composition and the effects of dates pulp extract and palm sap on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) activity in healthy adult rats. In this respect, male Wistar rats fasted for 24 hours were used and received per orally (p.o.) sodium chloride (NaCl) (0,9%) (control group) or various doses of dates pulp extract (150 and 300 mg/kg, body weight [b.w.]) and palm sap (0.4 and 4 mL/kg, b.w.). Two other groups of rats (batch tests) received, respectively, clonidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, 1 mg/kg, b.w.) and yohimbine (an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist, 2mg/kg, b.w.). Chemical analysis showed that the dates pulp extract is more rich in sugars and minerals, especially potassium and sucrose, as compared with palm sap composition. On the other hand, in vivo study showed that the aqueous dates pulp extract significantly, and dose dependently, increased the GIT activity while the palm sap slightly increased it. Moreover, a converse effect has been observed using clonidine (decreased 68%) and yohimbine (increased 33%) on the GIT activity. These findings suggest that dates pulp extract and palm sap have a stimulating effect on GIT activity in rats and confirm their use in traditional Tunisian medicine for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellaziz Souli
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, Béja, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, Béja, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, Béja, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Chehimi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine X, Paris, France
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Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:35-43. [PMID: 24707303 PMCID: PMC3973809 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loperamide has long been known as an opioid-receptor agonist useful as a drug for treatment of diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease as well as to induce constipation. To determine and characterize putative biomarkers that can predict constipation induced by loperamide treatment, alteration of endogenous metabolites was measured in the serum of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with loperamide for 3 days using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data. The amounts and weights of stool and urine excretion were significantly lower in the loperamide-treated group than the No-treated group, while the thickness of the villus, crypt layer, and muscle layer was decreased in the transverse colon of the same group. The concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine (Cr) were also slightly changed in the loperamide-treated group, although most of the serum components were maintained at a constant level. Furthermore, pattern recognition of endogenous metabolites showed completely separate clustering of the serum analysis parameters between the No-treated group and loperamide-treated group. Among 35 endogenous metabolites, four amino acids (alanine, glutamate, glutamine and glycine) and six endogenous metabolites (acetate, glucose, glycerol, lactate, succinate and taurine) were dramatically decreased in loperamide-treated SD rats. These results provide the first data pertaining to metabolic changes in SD rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Additionally, these findings correlate the changes in 10 metabolites with constipation.
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Ko J, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:333. [PMID: 24274470 PMCID: PMC4222752 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Liriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP). Methods Alterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Results The amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.
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Seo JY, Kim SS, Kim HJ, Liu KH, Lee HY, Kim JS. Laxative effect of peanut sprout extract. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:262-6. [PMID: 23964312 PMCID: PMC3746159 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain phenolic compounds are known to exhibit laxative properties. Seed sprouts, such as those of peanut, are known to promote de novo biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. This study was conducted to examine the potential laxative properties of 80% (v/v) ethanolic extract of peanut sprout (PSE), which contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds such as resveratrol. For this, SD rats were orally administered PSE while a control group was incubated with saline. Laxative effects were examined in both groups of rats. Constipation induced by loperamide in SD rats was improved by administration of PSE. Constipated rats showed increased intestinal movement of BaSO4 upon administration of PSE compared to the control, and the groups administered 100 or 1,000 mg PSE/kg bw were not significantly different in transit time of the indicator. However, colon length was not statistically different among the experimental groups, although it was longer in the group incubated with 1 g PSE/kg bw compared to other groups. Further, there was no significant difference in stool number among the experimental groups. Taken together, these findings show that PSE has a laxative effect in a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Song MY, Ku SK, Kim HJ, Han JS. Low molecular weight fucoidan ameliorating the chronic cisplatin-induced delayed gastrointestinal motility in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4468-78. [PMID: 23022014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Delayed gastrointestinal (GI) motility is frequent adverse effect associated with chemotherapy due to oxidative stress, activation of 5-HT3 receptors or serotonin releases from enterochromaffin cells. Fucoidan, extracts from brown seaweeds, has been showed antioxidant related favorable pharmacological activities including digestive tract protective effects. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF) obtained by acid hydrolysis of high molecular weight fucoidan has been showed more favorable bioactivities. This study was conducted to determine whether or not LMF can prevent delayed GI motility induced by the antineoplastic drug cisplatin chronically administered, once per week for five consecutive weeks. LMF ameliorating the chronic cisplatin treatment related body weight decreases, delayed GI motility, and enhanced the antioxidant defense systems. In addition, LMF also inhibited the cisplatin treatment related GI gastrin and serotonin changes, including enzyme activities involved in serotonin metabolism and enterochromaffin cells. The overall effects of LMF 10mg/kg were similar to that of ondansetron 1mg/kg, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The present results supported that LMF have favorable ameliorating effect on the delayed GI motility induced by chemotherapy, modulated the GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells with antioxidant effects. This effect of LMF may help improve accompanying digestive disorders by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Yong Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Seoul 153-803, Republic of Korea
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Najeeb-ur-Rehman, Mehmood MH, Al-Rehaily AJ, Mothana RAA, Gilani AH. Species and tissue-specificity of prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of Fumaria parviflora. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22405321 PMCID: PMC3324389 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Fumaria parviflora Linn. (Fumariaceae), is a small branched annual herb found in many parts of the world including Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This study was designed to provide pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Fumaria parviflora in gut motility disorders. Methods The in-vivo prokinetic and laxative assays were conducted in mice. Isolated intestinal preparations (ileum and jejunum) from different animal species (mouse, guinea-pig and rabbit) were separately suspended in tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution bubbled with carbogen and maintained at 37°C. The spasmogenic responses were recorded using isotonic transducers coupled with PowerLab data acquisition system. Results The aqueous-methanol extract of Fumaria parviflora (Fp.Cr), which tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones showed partially atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative activities in the in-vivo in mice at 30 and 100 mg/kg. In the in-vitro studies, Fp.Cr (0.01-1 mg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect both in mouse tissues (jejunum and ileum), and rabbit jejunum but had no effect in rabbit ileum. In guinea-pig tissues (ileum and jejunum), the crude extract showed a concentration-dependent stimulatory effect with higher efficacy in ileum and the effect was partially blocked by atropine, indicating the involvement of more than one types of gut-stimulant components (atropine-sensitive and insensitive). This could be a plausible reason for the greater efficacy of Fp.Cr in gut preparations of guinea-pig than in rabbit or mouse. Conclusions This study shows the prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of the plant extract partially mediated through cholinergic pathways with species and tissue-selectivity, and provides a sound rationale for the medicinal use of Fumaria parviflora in gut motility disorders such as, indigestion and constipation. This study also suggests using different species to know better picture of pharmacological profile of the test material.
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Konan AB, Amonkan AK, Ahui MLB, Bouafou GMK, Kouakou LK, Kpahé FZ, Datté JY. Myostimulating effect of sesamum radiatum aqueous leaf extract in isolated Guinea-pig Taenia caeci contractile activity. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2011; 8:377-385. [PMID: 22654214 PMCID: PMC3218465 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried to examine the effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Sesamum radiatum, a laxative plant on the contractile activity of Taenia caeci, an intestinal smooth muscle. Strips of Taenia caeci were rapidly removed from guinea-pig and were suspended between two L-shaped stainless steel hooks in a 10 ml organ bath with Mac Ewen solution. The isometric contractile force of the Taenia caeci strips were recorded by using a strain gauge. S. radiatum aqueous leaf extract (ESera) is a spasmogenic substance. This myostimulant effect is characterized by the increase of the rhythm and the amplitude of isolated guinea-pig Taenia caeci smooth muscle in normal solution and by the development of contracture in modified solution and in solution without calcium. A similar effect was observed with ACh which caused a graded increase of the contractile activity of Taenia caeci. The effects induced by ESera and ACh were reversed in the presence of atropine. The spasmogenic effect induced by ESera could justify partially the use of S. radiatum as laxative in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Konan
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Pharmacologie, Département BA-PA, UFR-Biosciences, Université de Cocody, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.
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