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Anorue EC, Joshua PE. Evaluation of anti-sickling effects of two varieties of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth on sickle cell beta thalassemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118280. [PMID: 38714239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Globally, the prevalence of sickle cell disease is on the rise, with developing countries experiencing particularly alarming mortality rate compared to developed nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) have acknowledged sickle cell disease as a significant global public health concern. Unfortunately, a cure for this condition is yet to be discovered, and existing allopathic treatments, while offering relief, come with serious side effects. In recent times, there has been a growing interest in exploring the potential of medicinal plants for treating sickle cell disease due to their content of secondary metabolites that may impact the disease's mechanisms. Cajanus cajan, a crucial grain legume in rain-fed agriculture in semi-arid tropics, has been traditionally used in folk medicine to manage various illnesses and is suggested to possess anti-sickling properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated two varieties of C. cajan for their effectiveness in treating sickle cell beta thalassemia, a variant of sickle cell disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into four groups consisting of the untreated group (group 1), group treated with standard drug (group 2), group treated with white C. cajan (group 3) and group treated with brown C. cajan (group 4). The effects of the two variety of C. cajan were measured by polymerization test, reversibility test, osmotic fragility test, deoxygenation and beta globin synthesis test. RESULT The results revealed that both varieties of C. cajan demonstrated a reduction in polymerization rates, reversed sickled red blood cells, increased the oxygen affinity of Hb-S/β, elevated the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, and maintained the membrane stability of red blood cells. Notably, the white variety exhibited superior anti-sickling properties compared to the brown variety. CONCLUSION This suggests that this significant leguminous crop could be utilized for the treatment and management of sickling disorders, particularly in low-income countries where conventional treatments may be financially inaccessible to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anorue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shalom Science and Technology Academy, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Pavan AR, Terroni B, Dos Santos JL. Endothelial dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease: Strategies for the treatment. Nitric Oxide 2024; 149:7-17. [PMID: 38806107 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), being the most prevalent sickle cell disease (SCD). SCA is characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction, which contributes significantly to various clinical conditions, including but not limited to pulmonary hypertension, priapism, cutaneous leg ulceration, and stroke. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in SCA is a multifaceted process involving a chronic inflammatory and hypercoagulable state. Key factors include hemolysis-associated elements like reduced arginine and nitric oxide (NO) availability, elevated levels of vascular adhesion molecules, the uncoupling effect of NO synthase, heightened arginase activity, an environment characterized by oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and occurrences of ischemia-reperfusion injury, along with apolipoprotein A-1 depletion. The urgency for novel interventions addressing ED is evident. Presently, there is a focus on investigating small molecules that disrupt the arginine-nitric oxide pathway, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while diminishing levels of cellular and vascular adhesion molecules. In this mini-review article, we delve into the progress made in strategies for treating ED in SCD with the aim of cultivating insights for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Terroni
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
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Gonçalves E, Smaoui S, Brito M, Oliveira JM, Arez AP, Tavares L. Sickle Cell Disease: Current Drug Treatments and Functional Foods with Therapeutic Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5845-5865. [PMID: 38921020 PMCID: PMC11202234 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA), the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD), is a genetic blood disorder. Red blood cells break down prematurely, causing anemia and often blocking blood vessels, leading to chronic pain, organ damage, and increased infection risk. SCD arises from a single-nucleotide mutation in the β-globin gene, substituting glutamic acid with valine in the β-globin chain. This review examines treatments evaluated through randomized controlled trials for managing SCD, analyzes the potential of functional foods (dietary components with health benefits) as a complementary strategy, and explores the use of bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients. While randomized trials show promise for certain drugs, functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds also hold therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to confirm clinical efficacy, optimal dosages, and specific effects of these compounds on SCD, potentially offering a cost-effective and accessible approach to managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela Gonçalves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.G.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymes Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
| | - Miguel Brito
- Health Research Centre of Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola;
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-092 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Arez
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, (IHMT), NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.G.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Loleny Tavares
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Mohamed AS, Abd El Dayem OY, El Shamy AM, El Sakhawy FS, El Gedaily RA. Comparative antisickling and antioxidant activities of Pseudobombax ellipticum cultivars in relation to their metabolite profiling using LC/MS. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21327-21335. [PMID: 37456543 PMCID: PMC10348089 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudobombax ellipticum is native to South America and is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal benefits. The plant is used traditionally in respiratory disorders such as dry cough, in the treatment of fever and stomach pain, and as an antimicrobial and analgesic. The antisickling and antioxidant effects of the flowers of P. ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand (red) and P. ellipticum cultivar alba (white) were compared using an in vitro assay in 2% sodium metabisulfite sickling induction model, DPPH, and metal chelation assays. Both red and white flowers exhibited antioxidant and antisickling activities. In DPPH assay, lower IC50 (34.89 ± 0.98 and 53.28 ± 1.14 μg mL-1) in red and white flowers respectively were detected relative to Trolox as a positive control (56.82 ± 0.87 μg mL-1). Comparable metal chelation activity (81.4 and 77.8 μM EDTA equivalent/mg) was detected in red and white flowers of both cultivars respectively. The average readings of the "reversal of sickling test "revealed a decrease in sickling percent from 49% to 15% in red flowers and to 18% in white flowers. Also, polymerization inhibition rate was increased from 0.34 to 1 and to 0.92 in red and white flowers respectively. Total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins were quantified in red and white flowers as (163.9, 43.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), (71.92, 34.5 mg rutin equivalent/g extract) and (127.0, 85.9 mg pelargonidine-3-mono glucoside equivalent/kg extract), respectively. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was further employed for detection and identification of anthocyanins in flower extracts. Eight new anthocyanins were identified for the first time in genus Pseudobombax. These results reveal the potential role for both red and white flower extracts as possible antisickling agents in sickle cell anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Omnia Y Abd El Dayem
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Al-Saray St. El Manial Cairo 11956 Egypt
| | - Ali M El Shamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Fatma S El Sakhawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Rania A El Gedaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
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Pereira A, Añibarro-Ortega M, Kostić M, Nogueira A, Soković M, Pinela J, Barros L. Upcycling Quince Peel into Bioactive Ingredients and Fiber Concentrates through Multicomponent Extraction Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020260. [PMID: 36829819 PMCID: PMC9952593 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to promote the total upcycling of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) peel into bioactive extracts (BEs) and fiber concentrates (FCs). The multicomponent extraction processes were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a 20-run experimental design, where the effects of time (1-120 min), temperature (25-95 °C), and EtOH percentage (0-100%) were combined. In addition to the extraction yields, BEs were analyzed for phenolic compounds, organic acids, and other water-soluble constituents, while FCs were characterized for their color and dietary fiber content. Statistically valid theoretical models were obtained by fitting these dependent variables to a quadratic equation and used to predict optimal extraction conditions. Those obtained for phenolic compounds and malic acid were experimentally validated, yielding 9.3 mg/g and 7.6 g/100 g of these bioactive constituents, respectively, and about 51% (w/w) FC. These BEs showed in vitro antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects against foodborne fungi and bacteria, standing out in some aspects in relation to synthetic food additives, mainly the malic acid-enriched BE. Overall, the developed extraction processes allowed valorizing of quince peel in FCs and BEs that could be used as natural fortifiers or preservatives in the formulation of foods, beverages and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mikel Añibarro-Ortega
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Kostić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - António Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.B.)
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Diyaolu OA, Oluwabusola ET, Attah AF, Olori EO, Fagbemi AA, Preet G, Soldatou S, Moody JO, Jaspars M, Ebel R. Can Crude Oil Exploration Influence the Phytochemicals and Bioactivity of Medicinal Plants? A Case of Nigerian Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238372. [PMID: 36500460 PMCID: PMC9740812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Nigerian Niger-Delta crude oil exploration often results in spills that affect indigenous medicinal plant biodiversity, likely changing the phytochemical profile of surviving species, their bioactivity or toxicity. In crude oil-rich Kokori and crude oil-free Abraka, classic examples of indigenous plants occupying the medicine-food interface include Vernonia amygdalina (VAL) and Ocimum gratissimum leaves (OGL). These plants are frequently utilised during pregnancy and in anaemia. To date, no scientific investigation has been reported on the potential changes to the phytochemical or bioactivity of the study plants. To discuss the similarities and dissimilarities in antisickling bioactivity and phytochemicals in VAL and OGL collected from Kokori (VAL-KK and OGL-KK) and Abraka (VAL-AB and OGL-AB), in silico, in vitro and comparative UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis was performed. Nine unique compounds were identified in OGL-KK, which have never been reported in the literature, while differences in antisickling potentials were observed in VAL-KK, OGL-KK and, VAL-AB, OGL-AB. Our findings show that VAL-AB and OGL-AB are richer and more diverse in phytochemicals and displayed a slightly higher antisickling activity than VAL-KK and OGL-KK. Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was performed to understand the potential compounds better; this study may provide a basis for explaining the effect of crude oil spills on secondary metabolites and a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatofunmilayo A. Diyaolu
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- Correspondence: (O.A.D.); (R.E.)
| | - Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Alfred F. Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Eric O. Olori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Adeshola A. Fagbemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lead City University, Ibadan 200255, Nigeria
| | - Gagan Preet
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Jones O. Moody
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- Correspondence: (O.A.D.); (R.E.)
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Ibrahim A, Muhammad SA. Antioxidant-Rich Nutraceutical as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sickle Cell Disease. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36069788 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited disease in which the "SS" individual possesses two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene. This disease is one of the most dominant genetic diseases in the world. SCD is marked by the propensity of red cell hemoglobin to polymerize and distort the red cell from a biconcave disk shape into a sickle shape, resulting in a typical vaso-occlusive episode and accelerated hemolysis. Plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds that are promising anti-sickling agents to scavenge free radicals, thereby ensuring oxidative balance. The current review highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical in the treatment and management of sickle cell disease. The anti-sickling potential of nutraceutical is attributed to the presence of antioxidant bioactive chemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals, which acts as scavengers of free radicals that prevent oxidative damage of the hemoglobin and prevent hemolysis, facilitating longer erythrocyte lifespan. The challenges of current therapies for SCD and future directions are also discussed.KEY TEACHING POINTSSickle cell disease is a genetically inherited disease in which SS individuals possess two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene.Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of secondary dysfunction in sickle cell patients.Antioxidants can play a vital role in maintaining a balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense systems.Nutraceutical rich in antioxidants such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals is potential therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease.An antioxidant-rich nutraceutical may act to reduce vaso-occlusive crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Epicatechin exerts dual action to shield sickling and hydroxyurea-induced myelosuppression: Implication in sickle cell anemia management. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116113. [PMID: 35691369 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is the key drug to treat Sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, its treatment is associated with the liability of myelosuppression. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of epicatechin as a supplementation therapy for the symptomatic management of SCA under HU therapy. A panel of experiments were performed at first to observe epicatechin's effect on sickling and hemolytic behaviour using SCA patient's blood (ex vivo). Thereafter, the effect of HU in the presence or absence of epicatechin was investigated on cytokine inhibition in rat splenocytes (ex vivo) as well as alterations in hematological parameters and kidney function tests in rats (in vivo). Then, any effect of epicatechin on pharmacokinetic modulation of HU in rats was elucidated along with the underlying mechanism using a battery of in vitro and in vivo models. Epicatechin exhibited potent action on anti-sickling, polymerization inhibition, and erythrocyte membrane stability. It did not show any inherent hemolytic activity and reduced TNF-α level during concomitant administration with HU. Based on hematological changes in rats, epicatechin treatment aided to the beneficial effect of HU and prevented the treatment-linked disadvantageous effects of HU like neutropenia. The plasma exposure of HU was significantly augmented in rats upon simultaneous oral administration of epicatechin with HU. Down-regulation of Oatp1b2 and catalase possibly contributed to the pharmacokinetic interaction of HU. Epicatechin is found to be a promising candidate and should be explored at a reduced dose level of HU towards offsetting the dose-dependent myelosuppressive effect of HU under the frame of supplementation therapy in SCA.
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Anti sickling potential and chemical profiling of traditionally used Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Pavan AR, Dos Santos JL. Advances in Sickle Cell Disease Treatments. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2008-2032. [PMID: 32520675 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200610175400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of red blood cells that is caused by a single mutation in the β -globin gene. The disease, which afflicts millions of patients worldwide mainly in low income countries, is characterized by high morbidity, mortality and low life expectancy. The new pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for SCD is urgent in order to promote treatments able to reduce patient's suffering and improve their quality of life. Since the FDA approval of HU in 1998, there have been few advances in discovering new drugs; however, in the last three years voxelotor, crizanlizumab, and glutamine have been approved as new therapeutic alternatives. In addition, new promising compounds have been described to treat the main SCD symptoms. Herein, focusing on drug discovery, we discuss new strategies to treat SCD that have been carried out in the last ten years to discover new, safe, and effective treatments. Moreover, non-pharmacological approaches, including red blood cell exchange, gene therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Cotoraci C, Ciceu A, Sasu A, Hermenean A. Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041883. [PMID: 33668657 PMCID: PMC7918704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralia Cotoraci
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Ciceu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Godis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania; (A.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Alciona Sasu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Godis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania; (A.C.); (A.H.)
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
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Syed MM, Doshi PJ, Bharshankh A, Dhavale DD, Kate SL, Kulkarni G, Doshi JB, Kulkarni MV. Repurposing of genistein as anti-sickling agent: elucidation by multi spectroscopic, thermophoresis, and molecular modeling techniques. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4038-4050. [PMID: 33305701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1852967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major medical problem in which mono-therapeutic interventions have so far shown only limited effectiveness. We studied the repurpose of genistein, which could prevent sickle hemoglobin from polymerizing under hypoxic conditions in this disease. Genistein an important nutraceutical molecule found in soybean. The present study examines the repurposing genistein as an anti- sickling agent. Genistein shows inhibition of Hb S polymerization as well as a sickle reversal. Also, we have explored the interaction of the genistein with sickle hemoglobin (Hb S), using fluorescence, far-UV-CD spectroscopy, MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST), FTIR, combined with molecular modeling computations. The quenching constant decreases with increasing temperature, a characteristic that coincides with the static type of quenching mechanism. Temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements and molecular modeling studies reveal that apart from the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions also play a crucial role in genistein and Hb S complex formation. In silico, distribution prediction of adsorption, digestion, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox) based on physical and chemical properties show that genistein is nontoxic and has ideal drug properties. The helicity and thermophoretic mobility of Hb S was a change in the presence of genistein, which leads to the destabilizing the Hb S polymer was examined using CD and MST, respectively. Our results open up the possibility for a promising therapeutic approach for the SCD by repurposed genistein as an anti-sickling agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntjeeb M Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja J Doshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Bharshankh
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip D Dhavale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudam L Kate
- Maharashtra Arogya Mandal's, Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Ahavidyalaya - College of Ayurveda and Research Centre Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girish Kulkarni
- Maharashtra Arogya Mandal's, Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Ahavidyalaya - College of Ayurveda and Research Centre Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jignesh B Doshi
- Toxoid Purification Department, Serum Institute of India Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Shah F, Dwivedi M, Parikh CV. Promising anti-sickling and fetal hemoglobin inducing effects of Boerhavia diffusa root extract on sickle cell erythrocytes. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Ilyas S, Sher M, Du E, Asghar W. Smartphone-based sickle cell disease detection and monitoring for point-of-care settings. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112417. [PMID: 32729535 PMCID: PMC7484220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a worldwide hematological disorder causing painful episodes, anemia, organ damage, stroke, and even deaths. It is more common in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited countries. Conventional laboratory-based diagnostic methods for SCD are time-consuming, complex, and cannot be performed at point-of-care (POC) and home settings. Optical microscope-based classification and counting demands a significant amount of time, extensive setup, and cost along with the skilled human labor to distinguish the normal red blood cells (RBCs) from sickled cells. There is an unmet need to develop a POC and home-based test to diagnose and monitor SCD and reduce mortality in resource-limited settings. An early-stage and timely diagnosis of SCD can help in the effective management of the disease. In this article, we utilized a smartphone-based image acquisition method for capturing RBC images from the SCD patients in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. A computer algorithm is developed to differentiate RBCs from the patient's blood before and after cell sickling. Using the developed smartphone-based technique, we obtained similar percentage of sickle cells in blood samples as analyzed by conventional method (standard microscope). The developed method of testing demonstrates the potential utility of the smartphone-based test for reducing the overall cost of screening and management for SCD, thus increasing the practicality of smartphone-based screening technique for SCD in low-resource settings. Our setup does not require any special storage requirements. This is the characteristic advantage of our technique as compared to other hemoglobin-based POC diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ilyas
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Mazhar Sher
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - E Du
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Syed MM, Doshi PJ, Dhavale DD, Doshi JB, Kate SL, Kulkarni G, Sharma N, Uppuladinne M, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Kulkarni MV. Potential of isoquercitrin as antisickling agent: a multi-spectroscopic, thermophoresis and molecular modeling approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2717-2736. [PMID: 31315526 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1645735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease caused by point mutation in hemoglobin (β-globin gene). Under oxygen saturation, sickle hemoglobin form polymers, leading to rigid erythrocytes. The transition of the blood vessels is altered and initiated by the adhesion of erythrocytes, neutrophils and endothelial cells. Sickle Hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization is a major cause in red blood cells (RBC), promoting sickling and destruction of RBCs. Isoquercitrin, a medicinal bioactive compound found in various medicinal plants, has multiple health benefits. The present study examines the potential of isoquercitrin as an anti-sickle agent, showing a significant decrease in the rate of polymerization as well as sickling of RBCs. Isoquercitrin-induced graded alteration in absorbance and fluorescence of HbS, confirmed their interaction. A negative value of ΔG° strongly suggests that it is a spontaneous exothermic reaction induced by entropy. Negative ΔH° and positive ΔS° predicted that hydrogen and hydrophobic binding forces interfered with a hydrophobic microenvironment of β6Val leading to polymerization inhibition of HbS. HbS-Isoquercitrin complex exhibits helical structural changes leading to destabilization of the HbS polymer as confirmed by CD spectroscopy. MST and DSC results indicate greater changes in thermophoretic mobility and thermal stability of sickle hemoglobin in the presence of isoquercitrin, respectively. These findings were also supported by molecular simulation studies using DOCK6 and GROMACS. Hence, we can conclude that isoquercitrin interacts with HbS through hydrogen bonding, which leads to polymerization inhibition. Consequently, isoquercitrin could potentially be used as a medication for the treatment of sickle cell disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntjeeb M Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Pooja J Doshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Dilip D Dhavale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | | | - Sudam L Kate
- College of Ayurveda and Research Centre Hadapsar, Maharashtra Arogya Mandal's Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Girish Kulkarni
- College of Ayurveda and Research Centre Hadapsar, Maharashtra Arogya Mandal's Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Neeru Sharma
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Mallikarjunachari Uppuladinne
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Mohan V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
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Phenolic Compounds from Water-Ethanol Extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera Produced in Cameroon, as Potential Protectors against In Vivo CCl 4-Induced Liver Injuries. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:5236851. [PMID: 30940993 PMCID: PMC6421029 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5236851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver diseases are a global health problem. Medicinal plants are being increasingly used to manage a wide variety of diseases including liver disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective activity of polyphenolic extract from the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera (T. tetraptera). Results The extract of T. tetraptera was administered at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 07 per os to rats before the induction of hepatotoxicity with of 2 ml/kg of 1:1 (v/v) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil through intraperitoneal route. The in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of T. tetraptera were conducted by the FRAP method, the phosphomolybdate method, and the inhibition potential of DPPH, ABTS, OH, and NO radicals. The extraction yield of T. tetraptera was 19.35%. This extract contains polyphenols (273.48 mg CAE/g DM), flavonoids (5.2549 mg SE/g DM), and flavonols (1.615 mg SE/g DM). This extract showed in vitro antioxidant activity, an inhibitor power of various free radicals, and radical scavenging potential dose-dependent. The fifty-percent inhibitory concentration of the extract (IC50) for the studied radical varied from 28.16 to 136 μg/L. In rats treated with the extract of T. tetraptera, in a dose-dependent manner, the levels of hepatotoxicity markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased while the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GHS) significantly increased compared to the control group. Conclusions The extracts from the fruit of T. tetraptera demonstrate antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects.
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Syed MM, Doshi PJ, Kulkarni MV, Dhavale DD, Kadam NS, Kate SL, Doshi JB, Sharma N, Uppuladinne M, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Doshi SJ, Bhattacharya N. Alizarin interaction with sickle hemoglobin: elucidation of their anti-sickling properties by multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4614-4631. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1557557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muntjeeb M. Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Pooja. J. Doshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Mohan V. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Dilip D. Dhavale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Nitin S. Kadam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Sudam L. Kate
- Maharashtra Arogya Mandal’s Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, College of Ayurveda and Research Centre Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Jignesh B. Doshi
- Toxoid Purification Department, Serum Institute of India Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Neeru Sharma
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Mallikarjunachari Uppuladinne
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Saurav J. Doshi
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Nandika Bhattacharya
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Villaret J, Marti G, Dubois F, Reybier K, Gaudre N, Haddad M, Valentin A. Adaptation of a microbead assay for the easy evaluation of traditional anti-sickling medicines: application to DREPANOSTAT and FACA. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:385-392. [PMID: 30261794 PMCID: PMC6161593 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1501585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sickle cell disease is a common inherited blood disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to lack of progress in drug discovery for a suitable treatment, sufferers often turn to traditional medicines that take advantage of the plant extracts activity used by traditional healers. OBJECTIVE This study optimizes an anti-sickling screening test to identify preparations capable of reverting sickle cells back to the morphology of normal red blood cells. We focused on the miniaturization and practicability of the assay, so that it can be adapted to the laboratory conditions commonly found in less developed countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested two traditional anti-sickling herbal medicines, FACA® and DREPANOSTAT®, composed of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler (Rutaceae) and Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. (Apocynaceae) at screening concentrations of hydroethanol extracts from 0.2 to 1 mg/mL. Potential bioactive molecules present in the extracts were profiled using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) method, identified through HRMS, MS/MS spectra and in silico fragmentation tools. RESULTS Hydroethanol extracts of FACA® and DREPANOSTAT® showed low anti-sickling activity, inhibiting less than 10% of the sickling process. The UHPLC-HRMS/MS profiles identified 28 compounds (18 in FACA® and 15 in DREPANOSTAT®, including common compounds) among which l-phenylalanine is already described as potential anti-sickling agent. When used as positive control, 7 mg/mL phenylalanine reduced the sickled RBC to 52%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This assay has been optimized for the easy screening of plant extracts or extracted compounds from bioassay guided fractionation, valuable to laboratories from less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joran Villaret
- Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Dubois
- Service Hématologie, Pôle Biologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Reybier
- Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Noémie Gaudre
- Service Médecine Vasculaire, Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Mohamed Haddad Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Pharma-Dev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CONTACT Alexis Valentin
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Tomas MB, Shiao TC, Nguyen PT, Bourgault S, Roy R. Synthesis of Analogs of Trans-Fagaramide and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Joël Essogo J, Moukette Moukette B, Tankeu FN, Nanfack P, Pieme CA. Zanthoxylum heitzii Modulates Ferric Nitrilotriacetate-Dependent Oxidative Alterations in Four Vital Organs: An In Vitro Organoprotective Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6058150. [PMID: 28852413 PMCID: PMC5567441 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6058150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a highly reactive compound used to induce degenerative disorders through oxidative stress (OS). Zanthoxylum heitzii (Z. heitzii) is a spice used as a medicinal plant to treat a variety of illnesses. This study investigated the ability of extracts from the leaves, fruits, roots, and barks of Z. Heitzii to inhibit Fe-NTA mediated oxidative damage in rats. The supernatant of rat liver homogenates was pretreated with the extracts for one hour before the induction of oxidative damage using a solution of Fe-NTA (400 mM). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidases were measured together with the marker of lipid peroxidation and the level of glutathione. The pretreated groups showed a significant increase in the activity of SOD, catalase, and peroxidases. The methanolic extract from the leaves of Z. heitzii (36.78 ± 3.30) and aqueous extract from the fruits (37.01 ± 2.52) showed the highest activities of SOD in the liver. The lowest concentration of MDA was found in the liver, and the glutathione was greater in the brain. Conclusively, these results suggest that Z. heitzii might be a chemoprotector which may be used in for prevention of distinct types of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Joël Essogo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francine Nzufo Tankeu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Nanfack
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kim M, Alapan Y, Adhikari A, Little JA, Gurkan UA. Hypoxia-enhanced adhesion of red blood cells in microscale flow. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12374. [PMID: 28387057 PMCID: PMC5679205 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advancement of microfluidic technology has facilitated the simulation of physiological conditions of the microcirculation, such as oxygen tension, fluid flow, and shear stress in these devices. Here, we present a micro-gas exchanger integrated with microfluidics to study RBC adhesion under hypoxic flow conditions mimicking postcapillary venules. METHODS We simulated a range of physiological conditions and explored RBC adhesion to endothelial or subendothelial components (FN or LN). Blood samples were injected into microchannels at normoxic or hypoxic physiological flow conditions. Quantitative evaluation of RBC adhesion was performed on 35 subjects with homozygous SCD. RESULTS Significant heterogeneity in RBC adherence response to hypoxia was seen among SCD patients. RBCs from a HEA population showed a significantly greater increase in adhesion compared to RBCs from a HNA population, for both FN and LN. CONCLUSIONS The approach presented here enabled the control of oxygen tension in blood during microscale flow and the quantification of RBC adhesion in a cost-efficient and patient-specific manner. We identified a unique patient population in which RBCs showed enhanced adhesion in hypoxia in vitro. Clinical correlates suggest a more severe clinical phenotype in this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseop Kim
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anima Adhikari
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jane A. Little
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bordbar M, Pasalar M, Safaei S, Kamfiroozi R, Zareifar S, Zekavat O, Haghpanah S. Complementary and alternative medicine use in thalassemia patients in Shiraz, southern Iran: A cross-sectional study. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:141-146. [PMID: 29322002 PMCID: PMC5755989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in thalassemia patients in south of Iran. The survey was done using a validated questionnaire which was distributed among 122 thalassemia patients. Only 108 questionnaires were completed and turned back (response rate 88.5%). Patients referred to an outpatient thalassemia clinic in Shiraz, southern Iran for blood transfusion. The mean age of the patients was 22.9 ± 7.9 years (range 4–45 years) with female/male ratio 1.84. Seventy four (68.5%) of the responders used CAM at least once during their life, and about half of them used it concurrently with their conventional treatments. The most reported CAM product was mint juice (50%). The most common reason of CAM use was increased general health. The most common information source about CAM was physicians who were the most trusted source as well. CAM is frequently being used in thalassemia patients to ensure their sense of well-being and help them overcome the complications of their illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Safaei
- Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran
| | - Roza Kamfiroozi
- Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sohelia Zareifar
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Zekavat
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sezaneh Haghpanah
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nurain IO, Bewaji CO, Johnson JS, Davenport RD, Zhang Y. Potential of Three Ethnomedicinal Plants as Antisickling Agents. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:172-182. [PMID: 28043127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Many drugs that are available for treating the disease are insufficiently effective, toxic, or too expensive. Therefore, there is a pressing need for safe, effective, and inexpensive therapeutic agents from indigenous plants used in ethnomedicines. The potential of aqueous extracts of Cajanus cajan leaf and seed, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides leaf, and Carica papaya leaf in sickle cell disease management was investigated in vitro using freshly prepared 2% sodium metabisulfite for sickling induction. The results indicated that the percentage of sickled cells, which was initially 91.6% in the control, was reduced to 29.3%, 41.7%, 32.8%, 38.2%, 47.6%, in the presence of hydroxyurea, C. cajan seed, C. cajan leaf, Z. zanthoxyloides leaf, and C. papaya leaf extracts, respectively, where the rate of polymerization inhibition was 6.5, 5.9, 8.0, 6.6, and 6.0 (×10-2) accordingly. It was also found that the RBC resistance to hemolysis was increased in the presence of the tested agents as indicated by the reduction of the percentage of hemolyzed cells from 100% to 0%. The phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of important phytochemicals including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides in all the plant extracts. Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of important secondary metabolites in the plants. These results suggest that the plant extracts have some potential to be used as alternative antisickling therapy to hydroxyurea in SCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila O Nurain
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin , Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Clement O Bewaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin , Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Jarrett S Johnson
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robertson D Davenport
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Francine TN, Prosper Cabral BN, Constant Anatole P, Bruno MM, Pauline N, Jeanne NY. Larvicidal activities of hydro-ethanolic extracts of three Cameroonian medicinal plants against Aedes albopictus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ama Moor VJ, Pieme CA, Chetcha Chemegne B, Manonji H, Njinkio Nono BL, Tchoula Mamiafo C, Moukette Moukette B, Tankeu Nzufo F, Tazoacha A. Oxidative profile of sickle cell patients in a Cameroonian urban hospital. BMC Clin Pathol 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 27688734 PMCID: PMC5031280 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-016-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a class of hemoglobinopathy resulting from a single mutation in the ß-globin chain inducing the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the sixth amino acid position which leads to the production of abnormal haemoglobin (haemoglobin S [HbS]). Studies demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress in the development of the sickle cell disease. Methods The study aim was to determine the level of oxidative stress markers in a group of sickle cell homozygous patients (SS) in the Yaounde Central Hospital above 15 years of age. Hemolysates obtained from patients were used to investigate some oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total protein concentration. Results Eighty four individuals, 42 males and 42 females participated (50 % each) with an age range of 15 to 55 years. The levels of markers were significantly higher in the healthy AA group than sickle (SS) (p < 0.05), with the exception of MDA which was significantly high in sickle cell (SS) patients than healthy (p = 0.037). With respect to the gender, both healthy and SS females showed a greater Total anti-oxidant capacity (65 μM) compared to the males (55 μM). Conclusion The increase in the oxidative stress level especially MDA in sickle cell homozygous patients compared to healthy AA individuals confirms that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Chetcha Chemegne
- Departement of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Heamatology Unit, Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Helene Manonji
- Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Borgia Legrand Njinkio Nono
- Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Corine Tchoula Mamiafo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francine Tankeu Nzufo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Asonganyi Tazoacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Tankeu FN, Pieme CA, Biapa Nya CP, Njimou RJ, Moukette BM, Chianese A, Ngogang JY. In vitro organo-protective effect of bark extracts from Syzygium guineense var macrocarpum against ferric-nitrilotriacetate-induced stress in wistar rats homogenates. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:315. [PMID: 27561333 PMCID: PMC5000502 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Overconsumption of oxygen in mammalian cells often lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from different mechanisms. Escape of scavenging enzymes/components or nutritional failure are the most important origins. Plant-derived molecules may protect biological molecules either by quenching free radicals, delaying or preventing the ROS formation or by restoring antioxidant enzymes activities. The present study assessed the antioxidant, phenolic profile and protective effect of barks extracts of Syzyguim guineense var macrocarpum against ferric nitriloacetate-induced stress in the liver, heart kidney and brain tissues of wistar rat homogenates. Methods Three extracts (aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol) from the barks of S. guineense var macrocarpum were used in this study. The spectrophotometric standardized methods were used to determine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the extracts. The protective properties of these plant extracts were also investigated as well as the quantification of secondary metabolites content (total phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols content). The HPLC method helped for characterizing phenolic compounds present in these extracts. Results and Discussion All the extracts exhibited a free radical scavenging potential in a concentration dependent manner which varied from 15.18 ± 0.80 to 97.15 ± 0.71 % depending to the type of extract and the method used. The ethanol extract had the higher phenolic content (432.85 mg QE/g extract), including total flavonoids (961.66 mg QE/g extract) and flavonols content (25.12 mg QE/g extract) and higher total antioxidant capacity. Among the phenolic compounds present in the extracts, the HLPC profile revealed the presence of syringic acid and apigenin in all the extracts. The extracts demonstrated their protective effect mostly in liver and brain homogenates by delaying or preventing lipid peroxidation, restoring enzymatic activities and enhancing glutathione levels. Conclusion The overall results demonstrated that the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and protective effects in liver and brain liver homogenates.
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Yatsushiro S, Yamamoto T, Yamamura S, Abe K, Obana E, Nogami T, Hayashi T, Sesei T, Oka H, Okello-Onen J, Odongo-Aginya EI, Alai MA, Olia A, Anywar D, Sakurai M, Palacpac NM, Mita T, Horii T, Baba Y, Kataoka M. Application of a cell microarray chip system for accurate, highly sensitive, and rapid diagnosis for malaria in Uganda. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30136. [PMID: 27445125 PMCID: PMC4995311 DOI: 10.1038/srep30136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy operative diagnosis is necessary to prevent the spread of malaria. A cell microarray chip system including a push column for the recovery of erythrocytes and a fluorescence detector was employed for malaria diagnosis in Uganda. The chip with 20,944 microchambers (105 μm width and 50 μm depth) was made of polystyrene. For the analysis, 6 μl of whole blood was employed, and leukocytes were practically removed by filtration through SiO2-nano-fibers in a column. Regular formation of an erythrocyte monolayer in each microchamber was observed following dispersion of an erythrocyte suspension in a nuclear staining dye, SYTO 21, onto the chip surface and washing. About 500,000 erythrocytes were analyzed in a total of 4675 microchambers, and malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes could be detected in 5 min by using the fluorescence detector. The percentage of infected erythrocytes in each of 41 patients was determined. Accurate and quantitative detection of the parasites could be performed. A good correlation between examinations via optical microscopy and by our chip system was demonstrated over the parasitemia range of 0.0039-2.3438% by linear regression analysis (R(2) = 0.9945). Thus, we showed the potential of this chip system for the diagnosis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouki Yatsushiro
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Takeki Yamamoto
- Panasonic Co., Automotive &Industrial Systems Company, 1006 Ooaza-Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Kaori Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Eriko Obana
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nogami
- Panasonic Co., Automotive &Industrial Systems Company, 1006 Ooaza-Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Panasonic Co., Automotive &Industrial Systems Company, 1006 Ooaza-Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Sesei
- Panasonic Co., Automotive &Industrial Systems Company, 1006 Ooaza-Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oka
- Panasonic Co., Automotive &Industrial Systems Company, 1006 Ooaza-Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Alex Olia
- Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166 Gulu, Uganda
| | - Dennis Anywar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166 Gulu, Uganda
| | - Miki Sakurai
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nirianne Mq Palacpac
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,MEXT Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
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Abere TA, Okoye CJ, Agoreyo FO, Eze GI, Jesuorobo RI, Egharevba CO, Aimator PO. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:414. [PMID: 26597857 PMCID: PMC4657272 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae) together with other medicinal plants serve as antisickling remedies in Africa. This study was aimed at investigating the antisickling activity of the leaves of the plant as well as establishing the toxicological profile. METHOD Chemical tests were employed in phytochemical investigations. Evaluation of the antisickling activity involved the inhibition of sodium metabisulphite-induced sickling of the HbSS red blood cells obtained from confirmed sickle cell patients who were not in crises. Concentrations of the crude extract and its fractions were tested with normal saline and p-hydroxybenzoic acid serving as controls. Acute toxicological evaluation was carried out in mice while 30-day assessment was done in rats. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Percentage sickling inhibitions of the aqueous methanol extracts of S. dulcis were significant all through the period of assay p < 0. 05 compared to normal saline, but not significant with PHBA. The fractions had less activity compared to the crude extracts. The LD 50 of the extract in mice was above 8000 mg/kg body weight when administered orally. Toxicological evaluations at 250 and 500 mg/kg showed mild congestion in virtually all the target organs. CONCLUSION The antisickling results confirmed traditional usage of Scoparia dulcis in the management of Sickle cell disorders and a candidate for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavs A Abere
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Chiagozie J Okoye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Freddy O Agoreyo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Gerald I Eze
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Rose I Jesuorobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Clement O Egharevba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Pauline O Aimator
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
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Moussavi N, Malterud KE, Mikolo B, Dawes D, Chandre F, Corbel V, Massamba D, Overgaard HJ, Wangensteen H. Identification of chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity against the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:503. [PMID: 26427956 PMCID: PMC4591583 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zanthoxylum heitzii bark extracts have insecticidal properties and have been reported to be used against malaria in Western Africa. Previously, it has been shown that a hexane extract of the bark is toxic to adult females of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector. As part of our project on the control of malaria vectors using plant extracts, the phytochemistry of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract has been investigated with the aim to identify the major components with adulticidal and larvicidal effects on An. gambiae. Methods Z. heitzii stem bark was extracted with hexane, and the extract was fractionated to isolate major components from the bark, identified by NMR spectroscopy. Isolated compounds were tested for toxicity towards adult female An. gambiae mosquitoes and for larvicidal effects towards An. gambiae. Results The alkaloid dihydronitidine, the sesquiterpenoid caryophyllene oxide, the amide pellitorine and the lignan sesamin were identified as the major constituents in Z. heitzii bark. Pellitorine was toxic to both adult insects (LD50 50 ng/mg insect) and larvae (LD50 13 μg/ml). None of the other compounds were toxic to adults, but caryophyllene oxide and sesamin exhibited moderate larvicidal effects (LD50 > 150 μg/ml). A mixture of the four compounds in the same ratio as in the hexane extract showed higher toxicity (LD50 34 ng/mg insect) towards adult insects than the pure compounds. Conclusion The toxicity of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract to An. gambiae is mostly due to pellitorine, although interactions between pellitorine and other, inactive constituents may enhance the activity of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Moussavi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Section Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karl Egil Malterud
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Section Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bertin Mikolo
- National Polytechnic High School, Marien Ngouabi University, BP 69, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Dag Dawes
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Section Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Daniel Massamba
- National Polytechnic High School, Marien Ngouabi University, BP 69, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier, Cedex 5, France. .,Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, Norway. .,Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Section Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Moukette BM, Pieme AC, Biapa PCN, Njimou JR, Stoller M, Bravi M, Yonkeu Ngogang J. In Vitro Ion Chelating, Antioxidative Mechanism of Extracts from Fruits and Barks of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Their Protective Effects against Fenton Mediated Toxicity of Metal Ions on Liver Homogenates. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:423689. [PMID: 26356679 PMCID: PMC4556075 DOI: 10.1155/2015/423689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and protective potential of T. tetraptera extracts against ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated spectrophotometrically against several radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(•)), hydroxyl radical (HO(•)), and nitric oxide (NO(•))), followed by the ferric reducing power, total phenols, flavonoid, and flavonol contents. The effects of the extracts on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase activities were also determined using the standard methods as well as the polyphenol profile using HPLC. The results showed that the hydroethanolic extract of T. tetraptera (CFH) has the lowest IC50 value with the DPPH, ABTS, OH, and NO radicals. The same extract also exhibited the significantly higher level of total phenols (37.24 ± 2.00 CAE/g dried extract); flavonoids (11.36 ± 1.88 QE/g dried extract); and flavonols contents (3.95 ± 0.39 QE/g dried extract). The HPLC profile of T. tetraptera revealed that eugenol (958.81 ± 00 mg/g DW), quercetin (353.78 ± 00 mg/g DW), and rutin (210.54 ± 00 mg/g DW) were higher in the fruit than the bark extracts. In conclusion, extracts from T. tetraptera may act as a protector against oxidative mediated ion toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Anatole Constant Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Prosper Cabral Nya Biapa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana No. 18, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Stoller
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana No. 18, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bravi
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana No. 18, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Moukette BM, Pieme CA, Biapa PCN, Moor VJA, Berinyuy E, Ngogang JY. Afrostyrax lepidophyllus extracts exhibit in vitro free radical scavenging, antioxidant potential and protective properties against liver enzymes ion mediated oxidative damage. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:344. [PMID: 26264271 PMCID: PMC4534151 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies described the phytochemical constituents of plants in relation with the free radical scavenging property and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant property, and the protective effects of ethanolic and aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves and barks of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Huaceae) against ion mediated oxidative damages. METHODS Four extracts (ethanol and aqueous-ethanol) from the leaves and barks of A. lepidophyllus were used in this study. The total phenols content, the antiradical and antioxidant properties were determined using standard colorimetric methods. RESULTS The plant extracts had a significant scavenging potential on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals with the IC50 varied between 47 and 200 µg/mL depending on the part of plant and the type of extract. The ethanol extract of A. lepidophyllus bark (GEE) showed the highest polyphenolic (35.33 ± 0.29) and flavonoid (12.00 ± 0.14) content. All the tested extracts demonstrated a high protective potential with the increased of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION Afrostyrax lepidophyllus extracts exhibited higher antioxidant potential and significant protective potential on liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Prosper Cabral Nya Biapa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Eustace Berinyuy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Ntchapda F, Maguirgue K, Adjia H, Etet PFS, Dimo T. Hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-atherosclerogenic effects of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:359-65. [PMID: 26003594 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti-dyslipidemic, antioxidant and anti-atherosclerogenic properties of this extract in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat, a model of metabolic syndrome-induced atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases. METHODS Normocholesterolemic (NC) male rats were divided into six groups (n=10) and fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet for 30 days (5 groups), or normal rat chow (normal control group). Rats given a HC diet also received distilled water (disease control), the potent hypocholesterolemic agent with anti-atherosclerotic activity atorvastatin (2 mg/kg, positive control), or one of the three doses of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark aqueous extract tested (225, 300 and 375 mg/kg) concomitantly for four months. Signs of general toxicity, body temperature and weight, and water and food intake were monitored in live animals. After sacrifice, lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers were assessed in the blood and liver, aorta, and feces, and histopathological analysis of aorta was performed. RESULTS Plant extract prevented the elevation of aortic total cholesterol and triglycerides, and hepatic low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was decreased and aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation prevented. CONCLUSIONS These observations strongly suggest that stem bark aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum heitzii has anti-atherosclerogenic properties, at least partly mediated by antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
| | - Kakesse Maguirgue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Hamadjida Adjia
- Department of neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, 2960, Chemin de la Tour, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Paul Faustin Seke Etet
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Moukette Moukette B, Pieme CA, Nya Biapa PC, Ngogang JY. In vitro antioxidant and anti-lipoperoxidative activities of bark extracts of Xylopia aethiopica against ion-mediated toxicity on liver homogenates. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 12:195-204. [PMID: 25941917 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), products of normal cell metabolism may cause damage to biological macromolecules leading to severe health threats when they are present in high concentrations. Aromatic plants contain phytochemicals rich of antioxidants that prevent oxidant formation or scavenge oxidants produced under oxidative stress conditions. In the present study, we investigated the free radical scavenging effects, the antioxidant and ion toxicity preventive effect of Xylopia aethiopica (X. aethiopica), a plant of the family of Annonaceae used as spice in Cameroon. The scavenging properties of extracts of X. aethiopica were tested on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl (OH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. The total antioxidant capacity was assayed by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum antioxidant power (PAP), reduction assays. The protective potential was carried on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidases. The results showed that both the ethanolic (BEE) and the hydroethanolic (BEH) extracts from the barks of X. aethiopica scavenged all the tested radicals. The sample BEH showed the highest total antioxidant capacity both in the FRAP and the PAP. This result was positively correlated to its higher phenolic content (30.74±0.44 CAE/g dried extract). The higher protective capacity of BEH on SOD, catalase and peroxidase activities was comparable to that of the vitamin C used as standard. In conclusion, X. aethiopica has a higher antioxidant and protective potential against ion-mediated oxidative damage and may be considered as a potential drug against metal-mediated toxicity.
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Moukette BM, Pieme CA, Njimou JR, Biapa CPN, Marco B, Ngogang JY. In vitro antioxidant properties, free radicals scavenging activities of extracts and polyphenol composition of a non-timber forest product used as spice: Monodora myristica. Biol Res 2015; 48:15. [PMID: 25885269 PMCID: PMC4393590 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive production of free radicals causes direct damage to biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates leading to tumor development and progression. Natural antioxidant molecules from phytochemicals of plant origin may directly inhibit either their production or limit their propagation or destroy them to protect the system. In the present study, Monodora myristica a non-timber forest product consumed in Cameroon as spice was screened for its free radical scavenging properties, antioxidant and enzymes protective activities. Its phenolic compound profile was also realized by HPLC. Results This study demonstrated that M. myristica has scavenging properties against DPPH•, OH•, NO•, and ABTS• radicals which vary in a dose depending manner. It also showed an antioxidant potential that was comparable with that of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and vitamin C used as standard. The aqueous ethanol extract of M. myristica barks (AEH); showed a significantly higher content in polyphenolic compounds (21.44 ± 0.24 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract) and flavonoid (5.69 ± 0.07 quercetin equivalent mg/g of dried weight) as compared to the other studied extracts. The HPLC analysis of the barks and leaves revealed the presence of several polyphenols. The acids (3,4-OH-benzoic, caffeic, gallic, O- and P- coumaric, syringic, vanillic), alcohols (tyrosol and OH-tyrosol), theobromine, quercetin, rutin, catechine and apigenin were the identified and quantified polyphenols. All the tested extracts demonstrated a high protective potential on the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase activities. Conclusion Finally, the different extracts from M. myristica and specifically the aqueous ethanol extract reveal several properties such as higher free radical scavenging properties, significant antioxidant capacities and protective potential effects on liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Cabral Prosper Nya Biapa
- Laboratory of Medicinal plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box: 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Bravi Marco
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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Moukette Moukette B, Constant Anatole P, Nya Biapa CP, Njimou JR, Ngogang JY. Free radicals quenching potential, protective properties against oxidative mediated ion toxicity and HPLC phenolic profile of a Cameroonian spice: Piper guineensis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:792-805. [PMID: 28962415 PMCID: PMC5598232 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerations on antioxidants derived from plants have continuously increased during this decade because of their beneficial effects on human health. In the present study we investigated the free radical scavenging properties of extracts from Piper guineense (P. guineense) and their inhibitory potentials against oxidative mediated ion toxicity. The free radical quenching properties of the extracts against [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•), hydroxyl radical (HO•), nitric oxide (NO•)] radical and their antioxidant potentials by FRAP and phosphomolybdenum were determined as well as their protective properties on liver enzymes. The phenolic profile was also investigated by HPLC. The results obtained, revealed that the extracts significantly inhibited the DPPH, NO, HO and ABTS radicals in a concentration depending manner. They also showed a significant ferrous ion chelating ability through FRAP and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant potential. Their polyphenol contents varied depending on the type of extracts and the solvent used. The hydroethanolic extracts (FFH) and the ethanolic extracts (FFE) of P. guineense leaves showed the higher level of phenolic compounds respectively of 21.62 ± 0.06 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract (CAE/g DE) and 19.01 ± 0.03 CAE/g DE. The HPLC phenolic compounds profile revealed a higher quantity of Eugenol, quercetin, rutin and catechin in the stem than in the leaves. The presence of these molecules could be responsible of the protective potentials of P. guineense extracts against lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase and peroxidase. In conclusion, P. guineense extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant property and may be used as a prospective protector against metal related toxicity.
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Key Words
- 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (PubChem CID: 74358)
- 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (PubChem CID: 77519615)
- ABTS, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid
- Antioxidant
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067)
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
- Eugenol
- Eugenol (PubChem CID: 3314)
- FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HPLC
- Ion toxicity
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malonaldialdehyde
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- O-coumaric acid
- P-coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542)
- P. guineense
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805)
- Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742)
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429)
- Tyrosol (PubChem CID: 10393)
- Vit C, vitamine C
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pieme Constant Anatole
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cabral Prosper Nya Biapa
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Moukette BM, Pieme CA, Biapa PCN, Njimou JR, Moor VJA, Stoller M, Bravi M, Ngogang JY. Phenolic Content of Hypodaphnis Zenkeri and Its Antioxidant Effects against Fenton Reactions' Mediated Oxidative Injuries on Liver Homogenate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:866-89. [PMID: 26785245 PMCID: PMC4665496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions, endogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to completely inactivate the free radicals generated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This state causes serious cell damage leading to a variety of human diseases. Natural antioxidants can protect cells against oxidative stress. Hypaodaphnis zenkeri (H. zenkiri) is a plant consumed as a spice in the Cameroonian diet, and its bark has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aims at investigating the antioxidant activity, which includes free radical scavenging and protective properties of an extract from H. Zenkiri against oxidative damage on a liver homogenate. The free radical assays determined the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and the enzymes, whose protection was to be considered in the liver homogenate, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. The antioxidative activities were studied using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reductive activity, and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant power (PAP) methods. In addition, the phenolic contents of the extracts were examined. The results showed that these extracts demonstrated significant scavenging properties and antioxidant activities, with the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark of H. zenkeri (EEH) being the most potent. This extract had the highest total polyphenol (21.77 ± 0.05 mg caffeic acid (CAE)/g dried extract (DE)) and flavonoids (3.34 ± 0.13 mg quercetin (QE)/g dried extract) content. The same extract had significantly greater protective effects on enzyme activities compared to other extracts. The high performance liquied chromatography (HPLC) profile showed higher levels of caffeic acid, OH-tyrosol acid, and rutin in the leaves compared to the bark of H. zenkeri. In conclusion, the ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the bark and leaves from H. zenkeri showed an antioxidant and protective potential against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences,University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences,University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Prosper Cabral Nya Biapa
- Laboratory of Medecinal plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences,University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Marco Stoller
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Bravi
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Via Eudossiana 18, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences,University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.
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Pieme CA, Santosh GK, Tekwu EM, Askun T, Aydeniz H, Ngogang JY, Bhushan S, Saxena AK. Fruits and barks extracts of Zanthozyllum heitzii a spice from Cameroon induce mitochondrial dependent apoptosis and Go/G1 phase arrest in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:54. [PMID: 25723957 PMCID: PMC4335363 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zanthoxylum heitzii is a spice used to prepare several dishes and to treat tumors, syphilis, malaria, cardiac palpitations, urogenital infections in the west region of Cameroon, but the antitumor mechanisms and chemical composition are not yet investigated. This study was aimed to determine the antiproliferative effects of four extracts from the fruits and barks of Zanthoxyllum heitzii (Rutaceae) on apoptosis in human promyelocytic cells, their mechanisms and the chemical composition. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the fifty percent inhibition (IC50) concentration of the cell lines after treatment. The effect on morphology was observed using a light or fluorescence microscopy. The rate of apoptosis and the cell cycle were measured using flow cytometry (FCM). The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried with HPLC/MS methods. Results The phytochemical analysis of the extracts indicated the presence of four known polyphenols (Syringic acid, Juglon, Luteolin and Myricetin) in both fruits and barks of Z. heitzii but in different quantities. Syringic acid and Myricetin concentrations were between 17-21 fold higher in the fruits than the stem bark. Rhamnetin (393.35 μg/mL) and Oleuropein (63.10 μg/mL) were identified only in the stem barks of Z. heitzii. Among the four extracts tested for cytotoxicity properties, only the methanol extract of fruits and barks significantly inhibited cell proliferation of HL-60 cells with IC50 value of 20 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL respectively. HL-60 cells treated with Z. heitzii extracts significantly produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concurrent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Modifications in the DNA distribution and enhanced of G1/G0 phase cell cycle arrest were observed in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions Polyphenols from Z. heitzii plant exert inhibitory effect on HL-60 cells through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Anatole Pieme
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, PO BOX 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 18001, India.
| | - Guru Kumar Santosh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 18001, India.
| | - Emmanuel Mouafo Tekwu
- Laboratory for TB research, Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO BOX 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Balikesir, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, 10145, Turkey.
| | - Tülin Askun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Balikesir, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, 10145, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Aydeniz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Balikesir, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, 10145, Turkey.
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, PO BOX 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 18001, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 18001, India.
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