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Lei M, Wu J, Tan Y, Shi Y, Yang W, Tu H, Tan W. β-asarone Protects Against Age-related Motor Decline via Activation of SKN-1/Nrf2 and Subsequent Induction of GST-4. Pharmacol Res 2024:107450. [PMID: 39366648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Decelerating motor decline is important for promoting healthy aging in the elderly population. Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains β-asarone as a pharmacologically active constituent. We found that β-asarone can decelerate motor decline in various age groups of Caenorhabditis elegans, while concurrently prolonging their lifespan and modulating synaptic transmission. To understand the mechanisms of its efficacy in motor improvement, we investigated and discovered that mitochondrial fragmentation, a marker for aging, is delayed after β-asarone treatment. Moreover, their efficacy is blocked by dysfunctional mitochondria. Corresponding to their role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, we found that SKN-1/Nrf2 and GST-4 are critical in the β-asarone treatment, and they appear to be activated via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. Well-developed intestinal microvilli are required for this process. Our study demonstrates the efficacy and mechanism of β-asarone treatment in age-related motor decline, contributing to the discovery of drugs for achieving healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiayu Wu
- College of biology and environmental science, Jishou,Jishou University, Jishou,Hunan,China.
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang L, Feng Z, Xiang J, Deng M, Zhou Z. Anti-inflammatory compounds from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser and their mechanism. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:3669-3675. [PMID: 37688474 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2255919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven compounds, named β-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), (+)-pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside (3), (-)-syringaresinol 4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)- β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 2-(3', 4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1, 3-pepper ring-5-aldehyde (6) and spinosin (7) were isolated from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser. 3, 4, 6 and 7 were isolated from this medicinal plant for the first time. Structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. The anti-inflammatory activity and related mechanisms of the seven compounds showed that compounds 1-7 all increased the levels of GSH-PX and SOD and decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Compound 4 showed the best effect of anti-inflammatory and Beclin-1 inhibition. These results suggest that compound 4 has stronger anti-inflammatory effect and provide preliminary evidence that the mechanism of action of compound 4 in attenuating LPS-induced inflammatory damage may be related to the inhibition of Beclin-1-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Western Guangdong Characteristic Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenying Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Western Guangdong Characteristic Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Western Guangdong Characteristic Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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Aleem M, Khan MI. Concept of dementia ( Nisy ā n) in Unani system of medicine and scientific validation of an important Unani pharmacopoeial preparation ' Majoon Vaj' for its management: a review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:139-153. [PMID: 37384842 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review focused on the concept of dementia in the Unani system of medicine and comprehensive, updated information on Majoon Vaj about the phytochemistry, nootropic, CNS activities and provide insights into potential opportunities for future research. METHODS The classical literature on Majoon Vaj for its anti-dementic properties, and therapeutic uses were gathered from nearly thirteen classical Unani books including Unani Pharmacopoeia. The information of pharmacognosy, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Majoon Vaj and its ingredient was collected by browsing the Internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). The relevant primary sources were probed, analysed, and included in this review. The keywords used to browse were Majoon Vaj, Dementia, Nootropic, Acorus calamus, Piper nigram, Zingiber officinalis, Nigella sativa, Carum carvi, Plumbago zeylanica, and β-asarone. Relevant Sources were gathered up to July 2021, and the chemical structures were drawn using ACD/ChemSketch software. The species name and synonyms were checked with WFO (2021): World Flora online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) an updated version of 'The Plant List.' RESULTS Majoon Vaj contains an excess of bioactive compounds e.g., alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, coumarins, carbohydrates, and fixed oils and its ingredients possess broad pharmacological properties, including cognitive-enhancing, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CONCLUSIONS The literature of Unani medicine is quite rich in discussing the pathophysiological basis of memory disorders. It argues that memory, retention, and retrieval are regulated by a complex process involving various faculties. Majoon Vaj seems to have great potential for therapeutic applications in the treatment of dementia and thus encourage more preclinical and clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aleem
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Md Imran Khan
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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Wang M, Tang HP, Wang S, Hu WJ, Li JY, Yu AQ, Bai QX, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Acorus tatarinowii Schott: A Review of Its Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114525. [PMID: 37299001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott (A. tatarinowii) is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects. A. tatarinowii is often used to treat various diseases, such as depression, epilepsy, fever, dizziness, heartache, stomachache, etc. More than 160 compounds of different structural types have been identified in A. tatarinowii, including phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, amides, and organic acids. These bioactive ingredients make A. tatarinowii remarkable for its pharmacological effects, including antidepressant, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antianxiety, neuroprotective, antifatigue, and antifungal effects, improving Alzheimer's disease, and so on. It is noteworthy that A. tatarinowii has been widely used in the treatment of brain diseases and nervous system diseases and has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research publications of A. tatarinowii and aimed to summarize the advances in the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology, which will provide a reference for further studies and applications of A. tatarinowii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Zainol Abidin IZ, Johari AN, Yazid MD, Zainal Ariffin Z, Eziwar Dyari HR, Zainal Ariffin SH. Osteogenic Potential and Bioactive Profiles of Piper sarmentosum Ethanolic Extract-Treated Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050708. [PMID: 37242491 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper sarmentosum is a well-known traditional herbal plant in various diseases treatments. Multiple scientific studies have also reported various biological activities exhibited by the plant's extract, such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antihyperglycemic activities, and, in addition, a bone protective effect in ovariectomized rats has been reported. However, no known Piper sarmentosum extract is involved in osteoblast differentiation using stem cells. Our study aims to identify the potential of P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells. Prior to the assay, the proliferation ability of the cells was observed for 14 days and the presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the culture was determined by the expression of SLAMF1 and CD34 genes. During the differentiation assay, the cells were treated with P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract for 14 days. Osteoblast differentiation was examined using an (alkaline phosphatase) ALP assay, by monitoring the expression of osteogenic gene markers and by von Kossa staining. The untreated cells served as the negative control, while cells treated with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate acted as the positive control. Finally, the determination of the compound profile was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The isolated cells were able to proliferate for 14 days during the proliferation assay. The expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers was also upregulated during the 14 days assay. Following the differentiation induction, the ALP activity exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) from day 3 of the differentiation assay. A molecular analysis also showed that the osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, OPN and OCN were upregulated compared to the positive control. The presence of mineralized cells with a brownish-stained morphology was observed, indicating the mineralization process increased in a time-dependent manner regardless of the concentration used. There were 54 compounds observed in the GC-MS analysis, including β-asarones, carvacrol and phytol, which have been shown to possess osteoinductive capacities. Our results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of P. sarmentosum can induce osteoblast differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells. The extract contains potent compounds which can potentially induce the differentiation of bone cells, i.e., osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anis Nabilah Johari
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Song Q, Bi L, Jiao J, Shang J, Li Q, Shabuerjiang L, Bai M, Liu X. Zhachong Shisanwei Pill resists ischemic stroke by lysosome pathway based on proteomics and bioinformatics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115766. [PMID: 36183948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhachong Shisanwei Pill (ZSP) is a commonly used Mongolian medicine in treating cerebrovascular diseases and plays a role in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). AIM OF THE STUDY Based on determining the protective effect of ZSP on cerebral ischemia, they adopted the proteomics method to explore the mechanism of ZSP against IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model were prepared by wire embolization method, and divided into sham group, model group, ZSP high-dose group, medium-dose group, low-dose group and positive drug group. We collected the brain tissue of rats for 12 h after modeling. Neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume ratio evaluated pharmacodynamics, and we selected the optimal dose for subsequent experiments. Proteomics was used to screen out possible ZSP anti-IS mediated pathways and differentially expression proteins. Network pharmacology was used to verify the correlation between diseases and drugs. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to explore further the pharmacodynamic effect of ZSP against IS and its possible mechanism. RESULTS The cerebral infarction rate and neurological function score in rats showed that the medium-dose ZSP group had the best efficacy. Proteomics results showed that the anti-IS action of ZSP was mainly through lysosome pathway. LAMP2, AP3M1, and SCARB2 were the differentially changed proteins in this pathway. Network pharmacology verified this. HE staining and TEM results showed that ZSP could improve the pathological state of neurons in MCAO rats and reduce the number of lysosomes in MCAO rats. Western blot (WB) results showed that compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of LAMP2 and AP3M1 in the ZSP group were significantly down-regulated, and the protein expression levels of SCARB2 were significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION This study confirms that ZSP regulates the lysosomal pathway, which may protect IS by down-regulating LAMP2 and AP3M1 and up-regulating SCARB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiakang Jiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinfeng Shang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiannan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Lizha Shabuerjiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Meirong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Research and Development Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000, Tongliao, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Liu A, Hu J, Yeh TS, Wang C, Tang J, Huang X, Chen B, Huangfu L, Yu W, Zhang L. Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2283-2309. [PMID: 37458258 PMCID: PMC10556387 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230717144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tzu-Shao Yeh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jilong Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liexiang Huangfu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weili Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Kim CJ, Kwak TY, Bae MH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Therapeutic Potential of Active Components from Acorus gramineus and Acorus tatarinowii in Neurological Disorders and Their Application in Korean Medicine. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:326-343. [PMID: 36628348 PMCID: PMC9806153 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent a substantial healthcare burden worldwide due to population aging. Acorus gramineus Solander (AG) and Acorus tatarinowii Schott (AT), whose major component is asarone, have been shown to be effective in neurological disorders. This review summarized current information from preclinical and clinical studies regarding the effects of extracts and active components of AG and AT (e.g., α-asarone and β-asarone) on neurological disorders and biomedical targets, as well as the mechanisms involved. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, and RISS, were searched using the following keywords: asarone, AG, AT, and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and anxiety, epilepsy, and stroke. Meta-analyses and reviews were excluded. A total of 873 studies were collected. A total of 89 studies were selected after eliminating studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Research on neurological disorders widely reported that extracts or active components of AG and AT showed therapeutic efficacy in treating neurological disorders. These components also possessed a wide array of neuroprotective effects, including reduction of pathogenic protein aggregates, antiapoptotic activity, modulation of autophagy, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, regulation of neurotransmitters, activation of neurogenesis, and stimulation of neurotrophic factors. Most of the included studies were preclinical studies that used in vitro and in vivo models, and only a few clinical studies have been performed. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on AG and AT therapeutic effects as a basis for further clinical studies, and clinical trials are required before these findings can be applied to human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Ju Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kwak
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyeok Bae
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author Hwa Kyoung Shin, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8476, E-mail:, Byung Tae Choi, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8475, E-mail:
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author Hwa Kyoung Shin, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8476, E-mail:, Byung Tae Choi, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8475, E-mail:
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The Combination of Individual Herb of Mi-Jian-Chang-Pu Formula Exerts a Synergistic Effect in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9365760. [PMID: 36312894 PMCID: PMC9597002 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9365760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mi-Jian-Chang-Pu formula (MJCPF), composed of Crocus sativus L. and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, is a well-known TCM for treatment of hemiplegia, facial paralysis as well as language dysfunction caused by stroke both in ancient and modern times. By using pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolomics, our present study discusses whether the combination of individual herbs or major active components of MJCPF possess synergistic neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke (IS). 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into 9 groups, including sham group (N, vehicle), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group (M, vehicle), positive group (P, 36 mg/kg/day nimodipine), crocin I (A1, 40 mg/kg/day), β-asarone (B1, 15 mg/kg/day), crocin I + β-asarone (A1B1, 55 mg/kg/day), C. sativus (A, 580 mg/kg/day), A. tatarinowii (B, 480 mg/kg/day), and C. sativus + A. tatarinowii, also named MJCPF (AB, 1060 mg/kg/day) groups. All drugs were orally administered to rats once a day for 14 consecutive days. Neurological deficit score, cerebral infarct volume, body weight change, TTC, HE and IHC staining, behavioral evaluation, metabolic profiles, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. MCAO led to severe brain damage including large infarct volume, more severe brain tissue injury, and worse neurological function as compared to the sham rats. All treatment groups showed a significant neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamics' results demonstrated that MJCPF had a synergistic effect evidenced by small infarct volume, more regular arrangement of neuronal cells, and more improved neural function, and the levels of inflammatory factors were closer to normality. A total of 53 differential metabolites between MCAO and sham groups were screened by integration of serum and brain metabolisms, all of which were restored at varying degrees in treatment. PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed that the levels of differential metabolites treated with MJCPF were closer to the sham group than the individual herb and single compound alone or A1B1 combination. The pharmacokinetic parameters further verified the above results that MJCPF could synergistically promote drug absorption greater than others. Our integrated pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, and pharmacokinetic approach reveals the synergistic effect of MJCPF on treatment of IS, which powerfully contribute to the understanding of scientific connotation of TMC formula.
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang L, Niu Y, Ren R, Su C, Wang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Beneficial effects of mijianchangpu decoction on ischemic stroke through components accessing to the brain based on network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114882. [PMID: 34848358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To explore the effective components, potential targets and neuroprotective related mechanisms of Mijianchangpu decoction (MJCPD), a well-known TCM used by the Chinese Hui minorities to treat stroke, on the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) by using experimental models combined with network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective efficacy of MJCPD was estimated by applying the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced cerebral ischemia rats, and the neurological deficits score, TTC and HE staining as well as behavioral evaluation tests were employed to evaluate the beneficial effects. Meanwhile, the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the neuroprotective effects were identified by detecting the constituents in the brain of the MCAO rats with UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS techniques, and these compounds were then underwent for network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, the targets of the bioactive compounds of MJCPD were predicted using Pharmmapper database, and simultaneously, the targets of IS disease were obtained from disease databases including DisGenet, OMIM, and GeneCards. Secondly, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between the targets and diseases were established to give the possible therapeutic targets for IS. Thirdly, the go function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, the effective compounds, core targets and possible pathways were obtained by analyzing the connectivity of the network. More importantly, the core targets were verified by western blot experiments to validate the reliability of this study. RESULTS MJCPD exhibited significant neuroprotective effect on IS, and 16 bioactive components of MJCPD were identified in the brain of the MCAO rats. 59 and 1982 targets related with IS disease were explored from Pharmapper and disease databases, respectively, and 32 intersecting targets were obtained as hypothetical therapeutic targets. Based on the results of the compound-target-pathway and PPI network with the degree was greater than the median, 8 effective compounds (suberic acid, epishyobunone, crocetin monomethyl ester, sfaranal, (Z)-6-octadccenoic acid, nerolidol and gurjunene) and 5 hub targets (SRC, MAPK8, MAPK14, EGFR and MAPK1) as well as 12 pathways were predicted. Western blot results showed that EGFR, p38, ERK and SRC proteins were expressed significantly different after MJCPD treatment as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION The present study employed network pharmacology, pharmacodynamics and molecular biology techniques to predict and validate the core potential targets and signaling pathways as well as the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the treatment of IS. All of which are very helpful to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of MJCPD, and obviously, the active compounds and targets in this study can also provide clues for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ruru Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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11
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Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Asarone in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020281. [PMID: 35204164 PMCID: PMC8868500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, associated with an aging population, has intensified the societal burden associated with these diseases, for which no effective treatment strategies currently exist. Therefore, the identification and development of novel therapeutic approaches, able to halt or reverse neuronal loss by targeting the underlying causal factors that lead to neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death, are urgently necessary. Plants and other natural products have been explored as sources of safe, naturally occurring secondary metabolites with potential neuroprotective properties. The secondary metabolites α- and β-asarone can be found in high levels in the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Acorus calamus (L.). α- and β-asarone exhibit multiple pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on the therapeutic potential of α- and β-asarone in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as cerebral ischemic disease, and epilepsy. Current research indicates that α- and β-asarone exert neuroprotective effects by mitigating oxidative stress, abnormal protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deficit, and promoting neuronal cell survival, as well as activating various neuroprotective signalling pathways. Although the beneficial effects exerted by α- and β-asarone have been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo animal studies, additional research is required to translate laboratory results into safe and effective therapies for patients with AD, PD, and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Zhang T, Guo S, Niu Y, Huang K, Bu F, Ren H, Zhang Y, Shang E, Duan JA, Qian D. The influence of essential oils from ZhaLi NuSi Prescription on the pharmacokinetics of its non-volatile components in normal rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5257. [PMID: 34611921 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hui Medicine ZhaLi NuSi Prescription (ZLNS) is described in "Hui Hui Prescription," and it has been used to treat cerebral infarction in Hui Region, China. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and applied to simultaneously determine geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, caffeic acid, magnoflorine, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, β-ecdysterone, icariin, rhein, and baohuoside I in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these components and the influence of essential oils (EOs) on them were investigated in normal rats. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0 - t , AUC0 - ∞ , t1/2 , tmax , cmax ) of the aforementioned compounds were significantly changed after co-administering with ZLNS EO. The AUC values of oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, and baohuoside I with EOs were decreased significantly. This is the first report for the comparative pharmacokinetic study of ZLNS bioactive components in normal rats, which may provide the basis for drug interaction study in vivo and insight into their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kaidi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanshu Bu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Erxin Shang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Pan H, Xu Y, Cai Q, Wu M, Ding M. Effects of β-Asarone on Ischemic Stroke in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats by an Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE) Pathway-Dependent Mechanism. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931884. [PMID: 34083500 PMCID: PMC8186271 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of β-asarone on ischemic stroke model rats. Material/Methods Ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Before and after modeling, cognitive function was evaluated via fear conditioning test and neurological deficit was determined via Longa and Bederson scores. Following treatment with β-asarone or nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor for 20 consecutive days, the cerebral infarction was detected via TTC staining and Cresyl Violet staining in brain tissues. TUNEL staining and western blot analysis for apoptosis-related proteins were performed to assess the apoptosis of neurons. Nrf2-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway-related proteins were examined by RT-qPCR or western blot. Results The cognitive and neurological function was defective in MCAO rats. The infarction volumes and the apoptosis of cortical neurons were significantly increased in brain tissues of model rats, which were ameliorated after treatment with β-asarone. Meanwhile, the increase in pro-apoptotic proteins and decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins were found in brain tissues of model rats, which were markedly ameliorated by β-asarone treatment. However, Nrf2 inhibitor worsened the cerebral infarction and the apoptosis of neurons. Western blot results showed that β-asarone treatment activated the Nrf2-ARE pathway-related proteins in model rats, which was inhibited by Nrf2 inhibitor. Conclusions Our findings suggest that β-asarone treatment ameliorated the cerebral infarction in MCAO rats, which could be related to activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Pan
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Xu
- Zhu Kezhen College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Cai
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Meiling Wu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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14
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Islam MS, Azim F, Saju H, Zargaran A, Shirzad M, Kamal M, Fatema K, Rehman S, Azad MAM, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Pesticides and Parkinson's disease: Current and future perspective. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 115:101966. [PMID: 33991619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate use of pesticides has globally exposed mankind to a number of health hazards. Still their production is rising at the rate of 11 % annually and, has already exceeded more than 5 million tons in 2000 (FAO 2017). Plenty of available data reveals that pesticides exposures through agricultural use and food-preservative residue consumption may lead to neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive motor impairment and a neurodegenerative disorder, considered as the leading source of motor disability. Pesticides strongly inhibit mitochondrial Complex-I, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), thus leading to pathophysiologic implications of PD. Current medical treatment strategies, including pharmacotherapeutics and supportive therapies can only provide symptomatic relief. While complementary and alternative medicines including traditional medicine or acupuncture are considered as beneficial ways of treatment with significant clinical effect. Medically non-responding cases can be treated by surgical means, 'Deep Brain Stimulation'. Cell therapy is also an emerging and promising technology for disease modeling and drug development in PD. Their main aim is to replace and/or support the lost and dying dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Recently I/II clinical phase trial (Japan) have used dopaminergic progenitors generated from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells which can unveil a successful cell therapy to treat PD symptoms efficiently. This review focuses on PD caused by pesticides use, current treatment modalities, and ongoing research updates. Since PD is not a cell-autonomous disease rather caused by multiple factors, a combinatorial therapeutic approach may address not only the motor-related symptoms but also non-motor cognitive-behavioral issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahidul Islam
- Dept. of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Fazli Azim
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; IHITC: Isolation Hospital & Infection Treatment Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hedaeytullah Saju
- School of Persian Medicine (Traditional Medicine), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arman Zargaran
- School of Persian Medicine (Traditional Medicine), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meysam Shirzad
- School of Persian Medicine (Traditional Medicine), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostofa Kamal
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Kaniz Fatema
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Sumbul Rehman
- Faculty of Unani Medicine, Department of Ilmul Advia (Unani Pharmacology), Aligarh Muslim University, India.
| | - M A Momith Azad
- Dept of Research & Product Development (Natural Medicine), The IBN SINA Pharma Ltd, Bangladesh.
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Dept. of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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15
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Lee YC, Kao ST, Cheng CY. Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract reduces cerebral edema caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: involvement in regulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:374. [PMID: 33298024 PMCID: PMC7726880 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Acorus tatarinowii Schott [Shi Chang Pu (SCP)] extract administered at the start of 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed by 3 d of reperfusion, and to determine mechanisms involved in anti-edema effects in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex. Method Rats were intraperitoneally administered the SCP extract at a dose of 0.25 g/kg (SCP-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (SCP-0.5 g), or 1 g/kg (SCP-1 g) at the start of MCAo. Result SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments effectively reduced the cerebral infarct size, ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced blood–brain barrier permeability, and restored neurological function. SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments markedly downregulated the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and upregulated ZO-3 expression in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion. Conclusions SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction and cerebral edema partially by mitigating astrocytic swelling and blood–brain barrier disruption. Moreover, the anti-cerebral edema effects of SCP extract treatments are possibly associated with the downregulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated ICAM-1/MMP-9 signaling in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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The effects of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and caudal fin tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14165. [PMID: 32843675 PMCID: PMC7447815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Malaysia, Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is commonly used in traditional medicines. However, its biological effects including in vivo embryonic toxicity and tissue regenerative properties are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicities and caudal fin tissue regeneration in the presence of P. sarmentosum aqueous extracts. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the extract were studied using GC–MS analysis and DPPH assay, respectively. Embryo toxicity tests involving survival, heartbeat, and morphological analyses were conducted to determine P. sarmentosum extract toxicity (0–60 µg/mL); concentrations of 0–400 µg/mL of the extract were used to study tissue regeneration in the zebrafish caudal fin. The extract contained several phytochemicals with antioxidant activity and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 50.56 mg/mL). Embryo toxicity assays showed that a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed the highest rates of lethality regardless of exposure time. Slower embryogenesis was observed at 40 µg/mL, with non-viable embryos first detected at 50 µg/mL. Extracts showed significant differences (p < 0.01) for tissue regeneration at all concentrations when compared to non-treated samples. In conclusion, Piper sarmentosum extracts accelerated tissue regeneration, and extract concentrations at 60 µg/mL showed the highest toxicity levels for embryo viability.
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17
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Saki G, Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Panahi N, Vahdati A. Effect of β-asarone in normal and β-amyloid-induced Alzheimeric rats. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:699-706. [PMID: 32399120 PMCID: PMC7212238 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION β-Asarone is a major component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. It has pharmacological effects that include antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the effect of β-asarone on neurodegeneration induced by intrahippocampal administration of β-amyloid was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: normal control, sham-operated control, β-asarone (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) alone, Alzheimeric control rats (β-amyloid, intrahippocampal), β-asarone (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) together with β-amyloid, and treatment was performed accordingly. Animals were injected with β-amyloid bilaterally. Animals received β-asarone daily using an intragastric tube for 50 days, starting from 30 days before administration of the β-amyloid. The rats were sacrificed and parameters of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were measured in hippocampus homogenate. Histopathological changes were examined by Bielschowsky staining. RESULTS Our results showed that administration of β-asarone (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD (1.09 ±0.02, 1.21 ±0.02, p < 0.001, respectively) and GPX (58.94 ±0.78, 68.92 ±3.64, p < 0.001, respectively) in comparison with Alzheimeric control rats (SOD and GPX level for Alzheimeric control group: 0.44 ±0.01, 35.09 ±1.15, respectively). Histopathological examination showed that β-asarone decreased cell loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimeric rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that β-asarone is effective in providing protection against oxidative stress and neuronal damage induced by β-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshid Saki
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Panahi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Sharma V, Sharma R, Gautam DS, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Martins N. Role of Vacha ( Acorus calamus Linn.) in Neurological and Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1176. [PMID: 32325895 PMCID: PMC7230970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn. (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive literature survey is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - DevNath Singh Gautam
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for research and Innovation in Heath (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Long Y, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Liu S, Li N, Peng W. Nose to brain drug delivery - A promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104795. [PMID: 32278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), one of the major causes of death from stroke in the world, not only causes tremendous damage to human health, but also brings heavy economic burden to society. Current available treatments for CIRI, including mechanical therapies and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CIRI. Many studies have confirmed that the herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant resources, good curative effect and little side effects, which can be used as potential drug for treatment of CIRI through multiple targets. It's known that oral administration commonly has low bioavailability, and injection administration is inconvenient and unsafe. Many drugs can't delivery to brain through routine pathways due to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Interestingly, increasing evidences have suggested the nasal administration is a potential direct route to transport drug into brain avoiding the BBB and has the characteristics of high bioavailability for treating brain diseases. Therefore, intranasal administration can be treated as an alternative way to treat brain diseases. In the present review, effective methods to treat CIRI by using active ingredients derived from herbal medicine through nose to brain drug delivery (NBDD) are updated and discussed, and some related pharmacological mechanisms have also been emphasized. Our present study would be beneficial for the further drug development of natural agents from herbal medicines via NBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Songyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Shi B, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Jia P, Bian L, Zheng X. Effect of co-administration of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on pharmacokinetic fate of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2349-2362. [PMID: 32222035 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A combination of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma has been widely used as the herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine to treat stroke, migraine, and epilepsy. However, the underlying synergistic mechanism of the herb pair remains unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on the pharmacokinetic parameters of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat, and in vitro absorption behavior of the three compounds using rat everted gut sac, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion, and Caco-2 cell monolayer models. The pharmacokinetic study exhibited clear changes in the key pharmacokinetic parameters of the three main coumarins through co-administering with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (50 mg/kg), the area under curve and the maximum plasma concentration of xanthotoxol increased 1.36 and 1.31 times; the area under curve, the maximum plasma concentration, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and the time to reach peak concentration of oxypeucedanin hydrate increased by 1.35, 1.18, 1.24, 1.19 and 1.49 times, respectively; the area under curve, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and time to reach peak concentration of byakangelicin climbed 1.29, 1.27, 1.37, and 1.28 times, respectively. The three coumarin components were absorbed well in the jejunum and ileum in the intestinal perfusion model, when co-administered with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (100 μg/mL). The in vivo and in vitro experiments showed good relevance and consistency. The results demonstrated that the three coumarin compounds from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix were absorbed through the active transportation, and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil could promote the intestinal absorption and transport of these compounds by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baimei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.,District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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Effect of α-asarone on ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment in mice and its underlying mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 238:116898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Das BK, Swamy AV, Koti BC, Gadad PC. Experimental evidence for use of Acorus calamus (asarone) for cancer chemoprevention. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01585. [PMID: 31193009 PMCID: PMC6513775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major non-communicable diseases posing substantial challenges in both developing and developed countries. The options available for treatment of different cancer are associated with various limitations, including severe toxicity, drug resistance, poor outcomes and a high risk of relapse. Hence, an increased attention and necessity for screening of various phytochemicals from natural sources for superior and safer alternative has been ongoing for several decades. In recent years, phytochemicals like galantamine, erwinaze, rivastigmine, resveratrol from natural sources have been found to be important therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cardiovascular effects. Acorus calamus (Sweet flag), and/or its bioactive phytochemical alpha (α)-and beta (β)-asarone, is a well-known drug in the traditional system of medicine which possesses anti-tumor and chemo-preventive activities as evident from numerous pre-clinical studies both in-vitro and in-vivo. In this article, we critically review the current available scientific evidences of A. calamus and/or asarone for cancer chemoprevention based on preclinical in-vitro and in-vivo models. In addition, we also have compiled and discussed the molecular targets of mechanism(s) involved in the anti-cancer activity of A. calamus/asarone. Still, extensive in-vivo studies are necessary using various animal models to understand the molecular mechanism behind the pharmacological activity of the bioactive phytochemicals derived from A. calamus. It is strongly believed that the comprehensive evidence presented in this article could deliver a possible source for researchers to conduct future studies pertaining to A. calamus and/or its bioactive phytochemicals asarone for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhrigu Kumar Das
- KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India.,Off-campus Basic and Applied Sciences Research Centre of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research at KLE College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahm Viswanatha Swamy
- KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj C Koti
- KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod C Gadad
- KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India.,Off-campus Basic and Applied Sciences Research Centre of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research at KLE College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
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Lynn NH, Linn TZ, Yanmei C, Shimozu Y, Taniguchi S, Hatano T. 1H Quantitative NMR analyses of β-asarone and related compounds for quality control of Acorus rhizome herbal drugs in terms of the effects of their constituents on in vitro acetylcholine esterase activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:892-900. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1569493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We used quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to measure the contents of major constituents of Acorus rhizome materials used as herbal drugs. The inhibitory effects of crude n-hexane extracts and their individual constituents on in vitro acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated. The crude extracts had unexpectedly weak inhibitory effects (46–64% inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL), despite the high content (46–64%) of β-asarone, which independently had a potent effect (IC50 2.9 µM [0.61 µg/mL]). Further investigation revealed participation of eudesmin A, a lignan constituent, in the suppression of the inhibitory effect of β-asarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwe Haymar Lynn
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Thein Zaw Linn
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Cui Yanmei
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimozu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shoko Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Zhang T, Wu X, Cao S, Park S. Efficacy of the Oriental herbal medicine, Jie Yu Dan, for alleviating post-stroke aphasia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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He X, Cai Q, Li J, Guo W. Involvement of brain-gut axis in treatment of cerebral infarction by β-asaron and paeonol. Neurosci Lett 2018; 666:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanism of β-Asarone against A β1-42-Induced Injury in Astrocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8516518. [PMID: 29599803 PMCID: PMC5828282 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8516518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that activated astrocytes play important roles in AD, and β-asarone, a major component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, was shown to be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD. While our previous study found that β-asarone could improve the cognitive function of rats hippocampally injected with Aβ, the effects of β-asarone on astrocytes remain unclear, and this study aimed to investigate these effects. A rat model of Aβ1-42 (10 μg) was established, and the rats were intragastrically treated with β-asarone at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg or donepezil at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg. The sham and model groups were intragastrically injected with an equal volume of saline. Animals were sacrificed on the 28th day after administration of the drugs. In addition, a cellular model of Aβ1-42 (1.1 μM, 6 h) was established, and cells were treated with β-asarone at doses of 0, 2.06, 6.17, 18.5, 55.6, and 166.7 μg/mL. β-Asarone improved cognitive impairment, alleviated Aβ deposition and hippocampal damage, and inhibited GFAP, AQP4, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression. These results suggested that β-asarone could alleviate the symptoms of AD by protecting astrocytes, possibly by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and then downregulating AQP4 expression.
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Chellian R, Pandy V, Mohamed Z. Pharmacology and toxicology of α- and β-Asarone: A review of preclinical evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 32:41-58. [PMID: 28732807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asarone is one of the most researched phytochemicals and is mainly present in the Acorus species and Guatteria gaumeri Greenman. In preclinical studies, both α- and β-asarone have been reported to have numerous pharmacological activities and at the same time, many studies have also revealed the toxicity of α- and β-asarone. PURPOSE The purpose of this comprehensive review is to compile and analyze the information related to the pharmacokinetic, pharmacological, and toxicological studies reported on α- and β-asarone using preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. Besides, the molecular targets and mechanism(s) involved in the biological activities of α- and β-asarone were discussed. METHODS Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google scholar were searched and the literature from the year 1960 to January 2017 was retrieved using keywords such as α-asarone, β-asarone, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, pharmacological activities (e.g. depression, anxiety). RESULTS Based on the data obtained from the literature search, the pharmacokinetic studies of α- and β-asarone revealed that their oral bioavailability in rodents is poor with a short plasma half-life. Moreover, the metabolism of α- and β-asarone occurs mainly through cytochrome-P450 pathways. Besides, both α- and/or β-asarone possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, antianxiety, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-Parkinson's, antiepileptic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antithrombotic, anticholestatic and radioprotective activities through its interaction with multiple molecular targets. Importantly, the toxicological studies revealed that both α- and β-asarone can cause hepatomas and might possess mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and teratogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, further preclinical studies are required to confirm the pharmacological properties of α-asarone against depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, psychosis, drug dependence, pain, inflammation, cholestasis and thrombosis. Besides, the anticancer effect of β-asarone should be further studied in different types of cancers using in vivo models. Moreover, further dose-dependent in vivo studies are required to confirm the toxicity of α- and β-asarone. Overall, this extensive review provides a detailed information on the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological activities of α-and β-asarone and this could be very useful for researchers who wish to conduct further preclinical studies using α- and β-asarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Chellian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu W, Zhang B, Xin Z, Ren D, Yi L. GC-MS Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometric Methods Reveals Key Bioactive Components in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071342. [PMID: 28671555 PMCID: PMC5535835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This present study aims to identify the key bioactive components in acorus tatarinowii rhizoma (ATR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with various bioactivities. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to describe the relationship between the radical scavenging activity and the volatile components. The PLSR model was improved by outlier elimination and variable selection and was evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation and external validation in this study. Based on the PLSR model, eleven chemical components were identified as the key bioactive components by variable importance in projection. The final PLS regression model with these components has good predictive ability. The Q2 was 0.8284, and the root mean square error for prediction was 2.9641. The results indicated that the eleven components could be a pattern to predict the radical scavenging activity of ATR. In addition, we did not find any specific relationship between the radical scavenging ability and the habitat of the ATRs. This study proposed an efficient strategy to predict bioactive components using the combination of quantitative chromatography fingerprints and PLS regression, and has potential perspective for screening bioactive components in complex analytical systems, such as TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Dabing Ren
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Lam KYC, Yao P, Wang H, Duan R, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Asarone from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome prevents oxidative stress-induced cell injury in cultured astrocytes: A signaling triggered by Akt activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179077. [PMID: 28598994 PMCID: PMC5466315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome (ATR; the dried rhizome of Acori tatarinowii Schott) is a well-known herb being used for mental disorder in China and Asia. Volatile oil is considered as the active ingredient of ATR, and asarones account for more than 90% of total volatile oil. Here, the protective effects of ATR oil and asarones, both α-asarone and β-asarone, were probed in cultured rat astrocytes. The cyto-protective effect of ATR oil and asarones against tBHP-induced astrocyte injury was revealed, and additionally ATR oil and asarones reduced the tBHP-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In parallel, the activity of anti-oxidant response element (ARE) promoter construct (pARE-Luc), being transfected in cultured astrocytes, was markedly induced by application of ATR oil and asarones. The mRNAs encoding anti-oxidant enzymes, e.g. glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were induced by ATR oil and asarones in a dose-dependent manner. The ATR oil/asarone-induced gene expression could be mediated by Akt phosphorylation; because the applied LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, fully abolished the induction. These results demonstrated that α-asarone and β-asarone could account, at least partly, the function of ATR being a Chinese medicinal herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Y. C. Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Rahimi R, Irannejad S, Noroozian M. Avicenna’s pharmacological approach to memory enhancement. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1147-1157. [PMID: 28176148 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Irannejad
- Research Training Group 1876: Early Concepts of Man and Nature: Universal, Local, Borrowed, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Huang L, Deng M, He Y, Lu S, Liu S, Fang Y. β-asarone increases MEF2D and TH levels and reduces α-synuclein level in 6-OHDA-induced rats via regulating the HSP70/MAPK/MEF2D/Beclin-1 pathway: Chaperone-mediated autophagy activation, macroautophagy inhibition and HSP70 up-expression. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:370-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lam KYC, Ku CF, Wang HY, Chan GKL, Yao P, Lin HQ, Dong TTX, Zhang HJ, Tsim KWK. Authentication of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma ( Shi Chang Pu) and its adulterants by morphological distinction, chemical composition and ITS sequencing. Chin Med 2016; 11:41. [PMID: 27708691 PMCID: PMC5037583 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR; rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott) (Shi Chang Pu) is widely used in Chinese medicine (CM) to resuscitate, calm the mind, resolve shi (dampness) and harmonize the wei (stomach). Seven different species have been identified as belonging to the genus Acorus, all of which can be found in China. However, it can be difficult to distinguish the different species of Acorus because of their morphological similarities. The aim of this study was to authenticate Acorus species using macroscopic and microscopic techniques, chemical analysis and DNA authentication and to compare the resolution power and reliability of these different methods. METHODS Four batches of ATR, Acori Graminei Rhizoma (AGR), Acori Calami Rhizoma (ACR) and Anemones Altaicae Rhizoma (AAR) (totaling 16 samples) were collected from Hong Kong and mainland China. The major characteristic features of these Acorus species were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The identified samples were also analyzed by UHPLC analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA) on UHPLC results were used to differentiate between the samples. An internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was selected as a molecular probe and a modified DNA extraction method was developed to obtain trace amounts of DNA from the different Acorus species. All extracted DNA sequences were edited by Bioedit and aligned with the ClustalW. And the sequence distances were calculated using the Maximum Parsimony method. RESULTS Macroscopic and microscopic analyses allowed for AAR to be readily distinguished from ATR, AGR and ACR. However, it was difficult to distinguish between ATR, AGR and ACR because of their similar morphological features. Chemical profiling revealed that α- and β-asarone were only found in the ATR, AGR and ACR samples, but not in the AAR samples. Furthermore, PCA and HCA allowed for the differentiation of these three species based on their asarone contents. Morphological authentication and chemical profiling allowed for the partial differentiation of ATR, AGR ACR and AAR. DNA analysis was the only method capable of accurately differentiating between all four species. CONCLUSION DNA authentication exhibited higher resolution power and reliability than conventional morphological identification and UHPLC in differentiating between different Acorus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Yin-Ching Lam
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuen-Fai Ku
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China
| | - Gallant Kar-Lun Chan
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huang-Quan Lin
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science, and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China
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Wu J, Zhang XX, Sun QM, Chen M, Liu SL, Zhang X, Zhou JY, Zou X. β-Asarone inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2016; 34:3043-50. [PMID: 26502896 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Asarone is the main volatile oil of Chinese herb Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. It exhibits a wide range of biological activities in many human organs. However, few studies have investigated the effect of β-asarone on gastric cancer. The present study investigated the effect of β-asarone on the proliferation and apoptosis of three types of differentiated human gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, BGC-823 and MKN-28) in vitro as well as the related molecular mechanisms. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, immunofluorescence test and transmission electron microscopy all confirmed that β-asarone had an obvious dose-dependent inhibitive effect on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells and induced apoptosis of the cell lines. Transwell invasion, wound-healing and matrix‑cell adhesion experiments confirmed that β-asarone inhibited the invasion, migration and adhesion of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting found that β-asarone significantly activated caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Bak and suppressed Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin activity. Moreover, β-asarone increased the expression of RECK, E-cadherin and decreased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14 and N-cadherin. The present study demonstrated that β-asarone effectively inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells, induces their apoptosis and decreased the invasive, migratory and adhesive abilities.
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Huang L, Deng M, He Y, Lu S, Ma R, Fang Y. β-asarone and levodopa co-administration increase striatal dopamine level in 6-hydroxydopamine induced rats by modulating P-glycoprotein and tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier and promoting levodopa into the brain. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:634-43. [PMID: 26991136 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Hainan Medical University; Haikou China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Yuping He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Ruanxin Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Yongqi Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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36
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Hakimizadeh E, Kazemi Arababadi M, Shamsizadeh A, Roohbakhsh A, Allahtavakoli M. The Possible Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Pathology of Stroke. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:131-136. [PMID: 27287756 DOI: 10.1159/000446481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent and dangerous health problem, which triggers an intense inflammatory response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. TLRs are the essential components of the response of the innate immunity system, and, therefore, they are one of the key factors involved in recognizing pathogens and internal ligands. Among TLRs, TLR4 significantly participates in the induction of inflammation and brain functions; hence, it has been hypothesized that this molecule is associated with several immune-related brain diseases such as stroke. It has also been proved that animals with TLR4 deficiency have higher protection against ischemia and that the absence of TLR4 reduces neuroinflammation and injuries associated with brain trauma. TLR4 deficiency may play a neuroprotective role in the occurrence of stroke. This article reviews recent information regarding the impact of TLR4 on the pathogenicity of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences,Rafsanjan, Iran
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Xu F, Wu H, Zhang K, Lv P, Zheng L, Zhao J. Pro-neurogenic effect of β-asarone on RSC96 Schwann cells in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:278-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thakare MM, Surana SJ. β-Asarone modulate adipokines and attenuates high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in Wistar rats. Pharmacol Res 2015; 103:227-35. [PMID: 26675715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated the effect of β-asarone on food preference and its therapeutic potential against high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats. In food preference study, free access to HFD was given only for 4h in addition to standard laboratory chow in rats and the preferential intake between chow and HFD was measured. For obesity induction, HFD was administered for 12 weeks and the HFD fed rats were treated with β-asarone in the last 4 weeks, starting from 9th week onwards. Food intake, body weight was measured biweekly. Glucose tolerance and the levels of glucose, lipids, free fatty acids, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed. HFD fed rats showed progressive increase in body weight and developed glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. In addition, they showed increased adiposity and the disturbed pattern of adipokine levels In the food preference paradigm, β-asarone produced selective decrease in HFD intake in rats. In obese rats, β-asarone treatment not only reduced body weight but also prevented HFD-induced metabolic alterations, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and adipokine imbalance. The observed beneficial effects of β-asarone appear due its ability to reduce intake of energy dense food by affecting food palatability, and to normalize the levels of leptin and adiponectin in rats. Overall, our results suggest that β-asarone is a novel candidate molecule with significant therapeutic potential in the management of obesity and associated abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malesh M Thakare
- Department of Pharmacology, RC Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, RC Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang X, Yi L, Deng B, Chen L, Shi S, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y. Discrimination of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Acori Calami Rhizoma based on quantitative gas chromatographic fingerprints and chemometric methods. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4078-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- College of Animal Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lian Chen
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Changsha China
- Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Changsha China
| | - Shuting Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha China
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Hung IL, Hung YC, Wang LY, Hsu SF, Chen HJ, Tseng YJ, Kuo CE, Hu WL, Li TC. Chinese Herbal Products for Ischemic Stroke. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1365-79. [PMID: 26477801 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal products (CHPs) have been described in ancient medicine systems as treatments for various stroke-associated ailments. This study is aimed to investigate the prescription patterns and combinations of CHPs for ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Prescriptions of CHPs for ischemic stroke were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Every prescription with a leading diagnosis of ischemic stroke made during 2000-2010 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to the pattern of co-prescriptions. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess demographic and risk factors that are correlated with CHP use. The dataset of inpatient claims data contained information on 15,896 subjects who experienced ischemic stroke from 2000 to 2010. There was an average of 5.82 CHPs in a single prescription for subjects with ischemic stroke. Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang (BYHWT) (40.32%) was by far the most frequently prescribed formula CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two-formula-CHP was BYHWT with Shu-jin-huo-xue-tang (SJHXT) (4.40%). Dan Shen (16.50%) was the most commonly used single CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two single CHPs was Shi Chang Pua with Yuan Zhi (4.79%). We found that BYHWT and Dan Shen were the most frequently prescribed formula and single CHP for ischemic stroke, respectively. These results provide information about individualized therapy and may contribute to further pharmacologic experiments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡ School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yi Wang
- † Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Hsu
- § Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taiwan.,¶ Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ju Chen
- ∥ Management Office for Health Data, College of Public Health, China Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Tseng
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Kuo
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,†† Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡‡ Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- ** Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,§§ Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee YH, Kim HJ, Yoo H, Jung SY, Kwon BJ, Kim NJ, Jin C, Lee YS. Synthesis of (2-amino)ethyl derivatives of quercetin 3-O-methyl ether and their antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4970-4979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Patel DN, Ho HK, Tan LL, Tan MMB, Zhang Q, Low MY, Chan CL, Koh HL. Hepatotoxic potential of asarones: in vitro evaluation of hepatotoxicity and quantitative determination in herbal products. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:25. [PMID: 25750624 PMCID: PMC4335289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α and β asarones are natural constituents of some aromatic plants, especially species of the genus Acorus (Araceae). In addition to reports of beneficial properties of asarones, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are also reported. Due to potential toxic effects of β-asarone, a limit of exposure from herbal products of ~2 μg/kg body weight/day has been set temporarily until a full benefit/risk assessment has been carried out by the European Medicines Agency. Therefore, it is important to monitor levels of β-asarone in herbal products. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid and validated GC-MS method for quantitative determination of asarones and applied it in 20 pediatric herbal products after detecting high concentrations of β-asarone in a product suspected to be implicated in hepatotoxicity in a 3 month old infant. Furthermore, targeted toxicological effects were further investigated in human hepatocytes (THLE-2 cells) by employing various in vitro assays, with the goal of elucidating possible mechanisms for the observed toxicity. Results showed that some of the products contained as much as 4–25 times greater amounts of β-asarone than the recommended levels. In 4 of 10 samples found to contain asarones, the presence of asarones could not be linked to the labeled ingredients, possibly due to poor quality control. Cell-based investigations in THLE-2 cells confirmed the cytotoxicity of β-asarone (IC50 = 40.0 ± 2.0 μg/mL) which was associated with significant lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. This observed cytotoxic effect is likely due to induction of oxidative stress by asarones. Overall, the results of this study ascertained the usability of this GC-MS method for the quantitative determination of asarones from herbal products, and shed light on the importance of controlling the concentration of potentially toxic asarones in herbal products to safeguard consumer safety, especially when the target consumers are young children. Further investigations of the toxicity of asarones are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavalkumar N Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore
| | - Han K Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore
| | - Liesbet L Tan
- Health Products Regulation, Vigilance, Compliance and Enforcement Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Singapore
| | - Mui-Mui B Tan
- Health Products Regulation, Vigilance, Compliance and Enforcement Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Singapore
| | - Qian Zhang
- Health Products Regulation, Vigilance, Compliance and Enforcement Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Singapore
| | - Min-Yong Low
- Applied Sciences Group, Pharmaceutical Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Singapore
| | - Cheng-Leng Chan
- Health Products Regulation, Vigilance, Compliance and Enforcement Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Singapore
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore
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43
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Lim HW, Kumar H, Kim BW, More SV, Kim IW, Park JI, Park SY, Kim SK, Choi DK. β-Asarone (cis-2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-allyl phenyl), attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathway in LPS activated BV-2 microglia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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