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Qu B, Liu X, Liang Y, Zheng K, Zhang C, Lu L. Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200401. [PMID: 36210339 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest reason for chronic liver diseases in the world and is commonly related to the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a deteriorating form of NAFLD, which can eventually develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The reason for NAFLD/NASH development is complicated, such as liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, liver fibrosis and gut microbiota. Apart from bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes, officially approved drug therapy for NAFLD/NASH treatment is lacking. Salidroside (SDS) is a phenolic compound extensively distributed in the tubers of Rhodiola plants, which possesses many significant biological activities. This review summarized the related targets regulated by SDS in treating NAFLD/NASH. It is indicated that SDS could improve the status of NAFLD/NASH by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, reducing inflammatory response, alleviating fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, although the multiple bioactivities of SDS have been confirmed, the clinical data are inadequate and need to become the focus of attention in the later study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xuemao Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yanjiao Liang
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Keke Zheng
- Department of Oncology Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Kumar N, Kaur B, Shukla S, Patel MK, Thakur MS, Kumar R, Chaurasia OP, Khatri M, Saxena S. Comparative analysis of phytochemical composition and anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits of Eruca sativa grown at high altitude than at lower altitude. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Neuroprotective effects of onion and garlic root extracts against Alzheimer's disease in rats: antimicrobial, histopathological, and molecular studies. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2022; 103:153-167. [PMID: 36606073 PMCID: PMC9642951 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder and the main reason for dementia. In this regard, there is a need to understand the alterations that occur during aging to develop treatment strategies to mitigate or prevent neurodegenerative consequences. Onion and garlic root extracts contain natural polyphenols with high antioxidant capacity; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of these extracts free from mycotoxin contamination on a rat model of AD. Antifungal and antibacterial assays were performed for onion and garlic extracts. Several groups of AD-induced rats were administered 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg onion or garlic extract through intragastric intubation for 30 days. After treatment, histopathological analysis, expression of apoptosis-related genes, and analyses of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were conducted in the brain tissues. The results indicate that treatment of AD-induced rats with several doses of onion and garlic root extracts decreased histopathological lesions, the expression levels of apoptotic genes, and the rate of DNA damage and inhibited intracellular ROS generation in the brain tissues. The results suggest that the protective role of onion root extract could be attributed to its content of flavonoids and flavonoid compounds through the improvement of antioxidant capacity and regulation of gene expression patterns. The higher activity levels of free radical scavenging of azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and antioxidant ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels found in garlic root extract are most probably responsible for its protective effect against neurodegenerative damage.
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Cui Z, Jin N, Amevor FK, Shu G, Du X, Kang X, Ning Z, Deng X, Tian Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han X, Feng J, Zhao X. Dietary Supplementation of Salidroside Alleviates Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Inflammatory Response to Promote Hepatocyte Regeneration via PI3K/AKT/Gsk3-β Pathway. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102034. [PMID: 35926351 PMCID: PMC9356167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a chronic hepatic disease which occurs when there is a disorder in lipid metabolism. FLHS is often observed in caged laying hens and characterized by a decrease in egg production and dramatic increase of mortality. Salidroside (SDS) is an herbal drug which has shown numerous pharmacological activities, such as protecting mitochondrial function, attenuating cell apoptosis and inflammation, and promoting antioxidant defense system. We aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of SDS on FLHS in laying hens and investigate the underlying mechanisms through which SDS operates these functions. We constructed oleic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver model in vitro and high-fat diet-induced FLHS of laying hens in vivo. The results indicated that SDS inhibited OA-induced lipid accumulation in chicken primary hepatocytes, increased hepatocyte activity, elevated the mRNA expression of proliferation related genes PCNA, CDK2, and cyclinD1 and increased the protein levels of PCNA and CDK2 (P < 0.05), as well as decreased the cleavage levels of Caspase-9, Caspase-8, and Caspase-3 and apoptosis in hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Moreover, SDS promoted the phosphorylation levels of PDK1, AKT, and Gsk3-β, while inhibited the PI3K inhibitor (P < 0.05). Additionally, we found that high-fat diet-induced FLHS hens had heavier body weight, liver weight, and abdominal fat weight, and severe steatosis in histology, compared with the control group (Con). However, hens fed with SDS maintained lighter body weight, liver weight, and abdominal fat weight, as well as normal liver without hepatic steatosis. In addition, high-fat diet-induced FLHS hens had high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the Con group, however, in the Model+SDS group, the levels of TC, TG, ALT, and AST decreased significantly, whereas the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly (P < 0.05). We also found that SDS significantly decreased the mRNA expression abundance of PPARγ, SCD, and FAS in the liver, as well as increased levels of PPARα and MTTP, and decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the Model+SDS group (P < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that 0.3 mg/mL SDS attenuated ROS generation, inhibited lipid accumulation and hepatocyte apoptosis, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation by targeting the PI3K/AKT/Gsk3-β pathway in OA-induced fatty liver model in vitro, and 20 mg/kg SDS alleviated high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in laying hens in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Kang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center of Razi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China.
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Kumar A, Shashni S, Kumar P, Pant D, Singh A, Verma RK. Phytochemical constituents, distributions and traditional usages of Arnebia euchroma: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113896. [PMID: 33524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study has indicated phytochemical composition, distribution and ethno-medicinal uses of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst, which is commonly known as "Ratanjot" in the Indian subcontinent. It has widely been used in the traditional systems of the Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese medicines recipes due to its anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties. Instead, the gap of earlier studies is well defined that will be helpful for researchers to carry out more analysis and increase medicinal importance of this plant. AIM OF STUDY The main aim of this review study is to demonstrate the phytochemical composition and traditional ethno-medicinal uses of A. euchroma all over the world. Earlier studies related to this plant have been discussed in the present study and on that basis, future perspective of A. euchroma is also proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of A. euchroma has been gathered from various electronic database, reference books and available literature. RESULTS The study has indicated that Arnebia euchroma owing to anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties is used in the traditional medicines and pharmaceutical industries for the treatment of hair problems, remitting, chronic diseases, burnt limbs, cough and cold, etc., and besides as a vegetable colorant and dyeing of cloths. The important phytochemical constituents viz., shikonin, acetyl-shikonin, iso-butyryl-shikonin, β,β-di-methylacryl-shikonin, isovaleryl-shikonin, β-hydroxy-isovaleryl-shikonin, deoxy-shikonin, isobutyl-shikonin, arnebinone, arnebin-7, stigmasterol, etc., isolated from the roots of Arnebia euchroma are used for curing various harmful diseases. CONCLUSIONS The earlier studies have confirmed that Arnebia euchroma is having wound healing, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties and thus used for the treatment of several diseases. Although, a little works is done on the experimental study regarding anti-HIV, anti-cancer diseases, etc., so there is a requirement of more exploration via analytical studies on phytochemical compounds to treat such diseases. Moreover, the information of its clinical and pharmacokinetics uses is also limited. Therefore, further research is needed to understand bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of this species. In-situ and ex-situ conservations for the management of this endangered species are also lacking in the Himalayan perspective. Such studies will emphasize to explore the possibilities for its conservation and development of agro-technological protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India; G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India.
| | - Sarla Shashni
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Raj Kumar Verma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India
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Kouam AF, Owona BA, Fifen R, Njayou FN, Moundipa PF. Inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways by a fraction from Entada africana alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04602. [PMID: 32904230 PMCID: PMC7452572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entada africana is used in non-conventional medicine for the management of liver ailments. A fraction, designated EaF10 (methylene chloride/methanol 90:10, v/v) with promising hepatoprotective activity has been isolated. Since the mechanisms underlying EaF10 hepatoprotective action remain unknown, this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic mechanism of the fraction against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities of EaF10 were assessed through four chemical antioxidant assays and its anti-hepatotoxic effect evaluated in vivo and in vitro by post-treatment (25 or 100 mg/Kg) or co-treatment (6.25-100 μg/mL) in CCl4-intoxicated mice and normal human liver cells line L-02 hepatocytes respectively; and biochemical and molecular parameters assessed respectively by spectrophotometry, and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. EaF10 exhibited strong antioxidant activities correlated with its polyphenol content. Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and nitrite oxide, liver contents of glutathione (GSH) protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde (MDA), liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cell viability showed the anti-hepatotoxic effect of EaF10, supported by histopathological observations. The fraction decreased the protein level of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1), induced nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) coupled to an increase of the mRNA levels of CAT, SOD1 and GST in CCl4-intoxicated L-02 hepatocytes. These findings evidenced that the studied plant fraction possesses a strong antioxidant capacity and prevents CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, likely through inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fondjo Kouam
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Ayissi Owona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Fifen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Nico Njayou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Growth Kinetics, Metabolites Production and Expression Profiling of Picrosides Biosynthetic Pathway Genes in Friable Callus Culture of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1298-1317. [PMID: 32725372 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for picrosides commercially and over-exploitation of Picrorhiza kurroa from natural habitat has to initiate alternative strategies for sustainable production of metabolites. In the present research, wild leaf explant of P. kurroa was used to produce friable callus under different culture condition, i.e., dark and light with two temperature variants (15 °C and 25 °C). Afterward, callus cell lines were screened based on growth biomass and metabolites content accumulation. The results revealed, maximum callus growth index along with antioxidant potential (IC50-40.88 μg/mL) and total phenol content (41.35 μg/mg) were observed under dark 25 °C. However, under light 15 °C, highest accumulation of picroside II (0.58 μg/mg), cinnamic acid (0.15 μg/mg), p-hydroxy acetophenone (0.30 μg/mg), total flavonoids (77.30 μg/mg), nitrogen (7.06%), carbohydrates (18.03%), and protein (44.12%) were detected. Major reported metabolite in callus was picroside I (1.63 μg/mg) under dark 15 °C. For the first time, picroside III content (range 0.15-0.56 μg/mg) was also detected and quantified in leaf-derived calli. Expression profiling of picroside biosynthetic pathway genes showed a positive correlation with the observed metabolites. Furthermore, an optimized protocol of metabolites enriched callus biomass could be used as potential strategy for sustainable production of picrosides at commercial scale.
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Dhar P, Das SK, Barhwal K, Hota SK, Mishra KP, Singh SB. Trans-Himalayan Phytococktail Confers Protection Against Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:279-292. [PMID: 31550185 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to cause neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Hippophae rhamnoides, Prunus armeniaca, and Rhodiola imbricata, the indigenous plants of Indian Trans-Himalaya are widely used in traditional Tibetan and Amchi system of medicine. These are rich sources of diverse bioactive metabolites having prophylactic and therapeutic uses against a wide array of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prophylactic and neuroprotective efficacy of formulated phytococktail (PC) against simulated HH-induced neurodegeneration in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: A PC containing H. rhamnoides fruit pulp, P. armeniaca fruit pulp, and R. imbricata dry root extract (100:50:1) was formulated. The neuroprotective efficacy of PC was evaluated in male SD rats following exposure to 7 day HH at simulated altitude (25,000 ft, 282 mm Hg). Rats were divided into four groups viz., normoxia group (NOR), normoxic group treated with PC (NORPC), 7 day hypoxic group treated with vehicle (7DH), and 7 day hypoxic group treated with PC (7DHPC). Memory impairment and neuromorphological alterations were measured. Targeted protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting study. Results: PC supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress markers during exposure to HH. Spatial memory impairment by HH was significantly ameliorated by PC. HH-induced augmented pyknosis, decreased dendritic arborization, and increased Hoechst-positive neurons in hippocampal CA3 region were significantly ameliorated by PC. Immunoblotting study showed upregulation of BDNF and TrkB expression by PC. PC also prevented the hippocampal neurodegeneration by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which leads to GSK-3β inactivation by its phosphorylation and alleviation of hippocampal Caspase3 expression leading to inhibition of apoptotic neuronal cell death. Conclusion: The present study advocates the potential role of PC as an effective neuroprotective supplement in preventing HH-induced neurodegeneration. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through BDNF/TrkB interaction following PC supplementation after exposure to HH inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhar
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,Center for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kalpana Barhwal
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Hota
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India
| | - Kamla Prasad Mishra
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, India
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Lin SY, Dan X, Du XX, Ran CL, Lu X, Ren SJ, Tang ZT, Yin LZ, He CL, Yuan ZX, Fu HL, Zhao XL, Shu G. Protective Effects of Salidroside against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4)-Induced Liver Injury by Initiating Mitochondria to Resist Oxidative Stress in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3187. [PMID: 31261843 PMCID: PMC6651463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant effect of salidroside has been proven, but its role in liver injury is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of salidroside on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo. Mice were pretreated with salidroside (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected, i.p.) once per day for 14 consecutive days and then administered with CCl4 (15.95 g/kg, i.p.) for 24 h to produce a liver injury model. Salidroside attenuated hepatic transaminase elevation in serum and ameliorated liver steatosis and necrosis, thereby suggesting its protective effect on the liver. Salidroside antagonized CCl4-induced toxicity by equilibrating antioxidation system, thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation, and restoring mitochondrial structure and function. Salidroside exerts antioxidant and liver-protective effects by selectively inhibiting the activation of genes, including growth arrest and DNA -damage-inducible 45 α (Gadd45a), mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (Mapk7), and related RAS viral oncogene homolog 2 (Rras2), which induce oxidative stress in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These results revealed that salidroside can protect the liver from CCl4-induced injury by resisting oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Dan
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xia-Xia Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chong-Lin Ran
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shao-Jun Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zi-Ting Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li-Zi Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chang-Liang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua-Lin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Poutaraud A, Michelot-Antalik A, Plantureux S. Grasslands: A Source of Secondary Metabolites for Livestock Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6535-6553. [PMID: 28704611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for environmentally friendly practices in animal husbandry, in conjunction with the reduction of the use of synthetic chemicals, leads us to reconsider our agricultural production systems. In that context, grassland secondary metabolites (GSMs) could offer an alternative way to support to livestock health. In fact, grasslands, especially those with high dicotyledonous plant species, present a large, pharmacologically active reservoir of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and quinones). These molecules have activities that could improve or deteriorate health and production. This Review presents the main families of GSMs and uses examples to describe their known impact on animal health in husbandry. Techniques involved for their study are also described. A particular focus is put on anti-oxidant activities of GSMs. In fact, numerous husbandry pathologies, such as inflammation, are linked to oxidative stress and can be managed by a diet rich in anti-oxidants. The different approaches and techniques used to evaluate grassland quality for livestock health highlight the lack of efficient and reliable technics to study the activities of this complex phytococktail. Better knowledge and management of this animal health resource constitute a new multidisciplinary research field and a challenge to maintain and valorize grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poutaraud
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, INRA , UMR 1121, Colmar, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Alice Michelot-Antalik
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Plantureux
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Trans-Himalayan Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. root: a novel source of dietary amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:359-367. [PMID: 28242935 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew from Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert known for their nutritional and medicinal attributes were evaluated for the dietary amino acids, fatty acids and mineral composition. Nine essential and twelve non-essential amino acids were quantified. The contents ranged between 91.33 and 1640.67 µg/g. Histidine (1434.33 µg/g), lysine (1329.33 µg/g) and threonine (1015.67 μg/g) were dominant essential amino acids, while glycine (1640.67 µg/g), proline (1263.67 µg/g), alanine (1142.33 µg/g), cystine HCL (1136.33 μg/g) and nor leucine (1038.67 μg/g) were major non essential amino acids. The total lipid was found to be rich source of saturated fatty acids such as capric acid (19.91%), caproic acid (10.87%), palmitic acid (9.42%), lignoceric acid (6.16%) and behenic acid (5.71%), which together constituted 52% of the lipid content. Linoleic acid (15.06%), oleic acid (12.38%), arachidonic acid (8.38%), linolelaidic acid (6.11%) and docosadienoic acid (5.99%) were prominent unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were 35.64% and 12.33% of the lipid content respectively. Calcium (11034.17 mg/kg), potassium (2143.25 mg/kg), iron (1441.17 mg/kg), magnesium (581.99 mg/kg), phosphorous (376.72 mg/kg) and sodium (109.75 mg/kg) were detected as the major dietary minerals.
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Bioassay guided screening, optimization and characterization of antioxidant compounds from high altitude wild edible plants of Ladakh. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3244-3252. [PMID: 27784919 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seven edible plants including three unexplored species of high altitude (Ladakh) region were screened for antioxidant activity by bioassay guided fractionation method. The objective of the study was to dereplicate the complex phytochemical matrix of a plant in reference to antioxidant activity in vitro. The screening result showed that ethylacetate fraction of Nepeta longibracteata possesses maximum antioxidant activity, comparable to that of green tea. It also exhibited significant protecting effect against oxidative stress induced by t-BHP in human RBCs. Phytochemical profiling of the most active fraction by nontargeted RP-HPLC-MS and MS/MS technique showed that rosmarinic acid and methylrosmarinate constituted nearly 51 % of the total metabolites apart from twelve other major chemotypes.
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Yu D, Pu W, Li D, Wang D, Liu Q, Wang Y. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Different Organs ofPotentilla fruticosaL. from Two Main Production Areas of China. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1140-1148. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danmeng Yu
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Pu
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Qiaoxiao Liu
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Forestry; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
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Chaves TP, Fernandes FHA, Santana CP, Santos JS, Medeiros FD, Felismino DC, Santos VL, Catão RMR, Coutinho HDM, Medeiros ACD. Evaluation of the Interaction between the Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) LP Queiroz Extract and Antimicrobials Using Biological and Analytical Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155532. [PMID: 27192209 PMCID: PMC4871567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) LP Queiroz (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of northeastern Brazil, occurring mainly in the Caatinga. Its medicinal use is widespread and is an important therapeutic option against diarrhea, dysentery, and respiratory and urinary infections, among other diseases. In this study we determined the chemical marker and evaluated the interaction between P. pyramidalis extract and a commercial antimicrobial through the use of biological and analytical models. To obtain the extract, an ethanol-water mixture (50:50 v/v) was used as solvent. It was nebulized in a spray dryer using colloidal silicon dioxide as a drying adjuvant. The extract (ENPp) was subjected to HPLC analysis to verify the presence of certain secondary metabolites. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract against Gram-negative bacteria was determined by broth microdilution and the MIC of synthetic antimicrobial drugs in the presence and absence of the extract. The antioxidant activity of ENPp was evaluated by the DPPH method. The compatibility between the antimicrobial and the extract was evaluated by thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated in vivo in rodents. The results indicate significant additive action of the extract on synthetic antibiotics, considerable antioxidant activity and absence of toxicity. This extract shows high potential for the development of formulations for antimicrobial therapy when used with a vegetable-active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Chaves
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Felipe Hugo A. Fernandes
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleildo P. Santana
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jocimar S. Santos
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francinalva D. Medeiros
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Délcio C. Felismino
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vanda L. Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Raïssa Mayer R. Catão
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cláudia D. Medeiros
- Laboratory of drug assay and development, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
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Yang ZR, Wang HF, Zuo TC, Guan LL, Dai N. Salidroside alleviates oxidative stress in the liver with non- alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:16. [PMID: 27075663 PMCID: PMC4831194 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by fat accumulation in the hepatocyte, inflammation, liver cell injury, and varying degrees of fibrosis, and can lead to oxidative stress in liver. Here, we investigated whether Salidroside, a natural phenolic antioxidant product, can protect rat from liver injury during NASH. Methods NASH model was established by feeding the male SD rats with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. Four groups of male SD rats including, normal diet control group, NASH model group, and Salidroside treatment group with150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg respectively, were studied. Salidroside was given by oral administration to NASH in rats from 9 weeks to 14 weeks. At the end of 14 weeks, liver and serum were harvested, and the liver injury, oxidative stress and histological features were evaluated. Results NASH rats exhibited significant increases in the following parameters as compared to normal diet control rats: fat droplets with foci of inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver. ALT, AST in serum and TG, TC in hepatocyte elevated. Oxidative responsive genes including CYP2E1 and Nox2 increased. Additionally, NASH model decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, GPX, and CAT in the liver due to their rapid depletion after battling against oxidative stress. Compared to NASH model group, treatment rats with Salidroside effectively reduced lipid accumulation, inhibited liver injury in a does-dependent manner. Salidroside treatment restored antioxidant enzyme levels, inhibited expression of CYP2E1 and Nox2 mRNA in liver, which prevented the initial step of generating free radicals from NASH. Conclusion The data presented here show that oral administration of Salidroside prevented liver injury in the NASH model, likely through exerting antioxidant actions to suppress oxidative stress and the free radical–generating CYP2E1 enzyme, Nox2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-ran Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tie-cheng Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-li Guan
- Department of Digestive Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
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Pu W, Wang D, Zhou D. Structural Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Astragalus taipaishanensis and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13914. [PMID: 26350974 PMCID: PMC4563559 DOI: 10.1038/srep13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight phenolic compounds were isolated using bio-guided isolation and purified from the roots of Astragalus taipaishanensis Y. C. Ho et S. B. Ho (A. taipaishanensis) for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR as 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy isoflavan (1), formononetin (2), isoliquiritigenin (3), quercetin (4), kaempferol (5), ononin (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7) and vanillic acid (8). Six flavonoids (compounds 1-6) exhibited stronger antioxidant activities (determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays) than those of BHA and TBHQ and also demonstrated noticeable protective effects (particularly quercetin and kaempferol) on Escherichia coli under oxidative stress. Additionally, the chemical constituents compared with those of Astragalus membranaceus and the structure-activity relationship of the isolated compounds were both analyzed. The results clearly demonstrated that A. taipaishanensis has the potential to be selected as an alternative medicinal and food plant that can be utilized in health food products, functional tea and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Pu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Kumar J, Dhar P, Tayade AB, Gupta D, Chaurasia OP, Upreti DK, Toppo K, Arora R, Suseela MR, Srivastava RB. Chemical composition and biological activities of trans-Himalayan alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118255. [PMID: 25693168 PMCID: PMC4333294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve, a filamentous charophyte, collected from the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert, was identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical characters. Extracts of this alga were made using solvents of varying polarity viz. n-hexane, acetonitrile, methanol and water. The antioxidant capacities and phenolic profile of the extracts were estimated. The methanol extract showing highest antioxidant capacity and rich phenolic attributes was further investigated and phytochemical profiling was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) hyphenated technique. The cytotoxic activity of methanol extract was evaluated on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and colon carcinoma RKO cell lines. The anti-hypoxic effect of methanol extract of the alga was tested on in vivo animal system to confirm its potential to ameliorate oxidative stress. The antioxidant assays viz. ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacities, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching property and lipid peroxidation exhibited analogous results, wherein the algal extracts showed significantly high antioxidant potential. The extracts were also found to possess high content of total proanthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of thirteen chemotypes in the methanol extract representing different phytochemical groups like fatty acid esters, sterols, unsaturated alcohols, alkynes etc. with substantial phyto-pharmaceutical importance. The methanol extract was observed to possess anticancer activity as revealed from studies on HepG2 and RKO cell lines. In the present study, S. porticalis methanol extract also provided protection from hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and accelerated the onset of adaptative changes in rats during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The bioactive phytochemicals present in this trans-Himalayan alga are of enormous interest and can be utilized sustainably for discovery of novel drugs against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory, Radiation Biotechnology Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Dalip K. Upreti
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran Toppo
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory, Radiation Biotechnology Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
- Office of the Director General-Life Sciences, DRDO Bhawan, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - M. R. Suseela
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Dzeufiet PDD, Mogueo A, Bilanda DC, Aboubakar BFO, Tédong L, Dimo T, Kamtchouing P. Antihypertensive potential of the aqueous extract which combine leaf of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), stems and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf. (Poaceae), fruits of Citrus medical L. (Rutaceae) as well as honey in ethanol and sucrose experimental model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:507. [PMID: 25519078 PMCID: PMC4301628 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract obtained from the mixture of fresh leaf of Persea americana, stems and fresh leaf of Cymbopogon citratus, fruits of Citrus medica and honey on ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats each and daily treated for 5 weeks. The control group received distilled water (1 mL/kg) while rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 received ethanol 40 degrees (3 g/kg/day), 10% sucrose as drinking water and the two substances respectively. The remaining groups received in addition to sucrose and ethanol, the aqueous extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) or nifedipine (10 mg/kg) respectively. Many parameters including hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS The concomitant consumption of ethanol and sucrose significantly (p < 0.001) increased the blood pressure and the heart rate compared to distilled water treated-rats. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, glucose, proteins, AST, ALT, creatinin, potassium, sodium and albumin increased while the HDL-cholesterol decreased under ethanol and sucrose feeding. Chronic ethanol and sucrose intake significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrites whereas elevated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histological analysis revealed among other vascular congestion, inflammation, tubular clarification and thickening of the vessel wall in rats treated with alcohol and sucrose. Administration of the aqueous extract or nifedipine prevented the hemodynamic, biochemical, oxidative and histological impairments induced chronic ethanol and sucrose consumption. CONCLUSION Current results suggest that the aqueous extract used in this study possess antihypertensive activity against ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats by the improvement of biochemical and oxidative status, and by protecting liver, kidney and vascular endothelium against damages induced by chronic consumption of ethanol and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Amélie Mogueo
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Danielle Claude Bilanda
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bibi-Farouck Oumarou Aboubakar
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Léonard Tédong
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
- />Department of Physiology, High Institute of Health, “Université des Montagnes”, P.O Box 208, Bangangte, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- />Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Yang L, Zhou D, Zhang J. Purification and characterization of flavonoids from the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and correlation between their structure and antioxidant activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105725. [PMID: 25157400 PMCID: PMC4144902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine flavonoids were isolated and characterized from the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques as quercetin (1), afzelin (2), quercitrin (3), trifolin (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (5), isorhamnetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), hyperoside (7), vitexin (8) and rutin (9). All compounds were isolated from the leaves of Z. bungeanum for the first time. Five compounds (2, 4, 5, 6 and 8) were found for the first time in the genus Zanthoxylum. To learn the mechanisms underlying its health benefits, in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays) and in vivo (protective effect on Escherichia coli under peroxide stress) antioxidant activities of the nine flavonoids were measured. Quercetin and quercetin glycosides (compounds 1, 3, 5, 7, 9) showed the highest antioxidant activity. Structure-activity relationships indicated that the -OH in 4′ position on the B ring and the -OH in 7 position on the A ring possessed high antioxidant activity; B ring and/or A ring with adjacent -OH groups could greatly increase their antioxidant ability. Also, due to the different structures of various flavonoids, they will certainly exhibit different antioxidant capacity when the reactions occur in solution or in oil-in-water emulsion. These findings suggest that Z. bungeanum leaves may have health benefits when consumed. It could become a useful supplement for pharmaceutical products and functional food ingredients in both nutraceutical and food industries as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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Kumar J, Dhar P, Tayade AB, Gupta D, Chaurasia OP, Upreti DK, Arora R, Srivastava RB. Antioxidant capacities, phenolic profile and cytotoxic effects of saxicolous lichens from trans-Himalayan cold desert of Ladakh. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98696. [PMID: 24937759 PMCID: PMC4061001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen saxicolous lichens from trans-Himalayan Ladakh region were identified by morpho-anatomical and chemical characteristics. The n-hexane, methanol and water extracts of the lichens were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities. The lichen extracts showing high antioxidant capacities and rich phenolic content were further investigated to determine their cytotoxic activity on human HepG2 and RKO carcinoma cell lines. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacities and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching property exhibited analogous results where the lichen extracts showed high antioxidant action. The lichen extracts were also found to possess good amount of total proanthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol. The methanolic extract of Lobothallia alphoplaca exhibited highest FRAP value. Methanolic extract of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging capacity. The n-hexane extract of Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca exhibited highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Highest antioxidant capacity in terms of β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching property was observed in the water extract of Xanthoria elegans. Similarly, Melanelia disjuncta water extract showed highest NO scavenging capacity. Among n-hexane, methanol and water extracts of all lichens, the methanolic extract of Xanthoparmelia mexicana showed highest total proanthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol content. From cytotoxic assay, it was observed that the methanolic extracts of L. alphoplaca and M. disjuncta were exhibiting high cytotoxic effects against cancer cell growth. Similarly, the water extract of Dermatocarpon vellereum, Umbilicaria vellea, X. elegans and M. disjuncta and the methanolic extract of M. disjuncta and X. stenophylla were found to possess high antioxidant capacities and were non-toxic and may be used as natural antioxidants for stress related problems. Our studies go on to prove that the unique trans-Himalayan lichens are a hitherto untapped bioresource with immense potential for discovery of new chemical entities, and this biodiversity needs to be tapped sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory, Radiation Biotechnology Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Dalip K. Upreti
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory, Radiation Biotechnology Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
- Office of the Director General-Life Sciences, DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Dhar P, Tayade AB, Kumar J, Chaurasia OP, Srivastava RB, Singh SB. Nutritional profile of phytococktail from trans-Himalayan plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83008. [PMID: 24376624 PMCID: PMC3871620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the nutritive value, vitamin content, amino acid composition, fatty acid content, and mineral profile of a phytococktail comprising sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and roseroot (Rhodiola imbricata) from trans-Himalaya. The free vitamin forms in the phytococktail were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS). Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins were detected as the principle vitamins. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with pre-column derivatization was used for identification and quantification of amino acids. Eight essential and eleven non-essential amino acids were quantified, and the content ranged between 76.33 and 9485.67 µg/g. Among the essential amino acids, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-lysine, L-leucine, and L-histidine were found to be the dominant contributors. We also quantified the fatty acids in the phytococktail by using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derivatization. The analysis revealed the presence of 4 major fatty acids contributing to the total lipid content. Palmitic acid was found to be the rich source of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and constituted ∼31% of the total lipid content. Among the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), palmitoleic acid (43.47%), oleic acid (20.89%), and linoleic acid (4.31%) were prominent. The mineral profiling was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and it was found to contain a number of important dietary mineral elements. The harsh climatic conditions, difficult terrain, and logistic constraints at high altitude regions of Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert lead to the scarcity of fresh fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the source of multiple vitamins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary minerals from the phytococktail would provide great health benefit in the stressful environment and could be used as a high value nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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