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Wang Z, Guo Z, Luo Y, Ma L, Hu X, Chen F, Li D. A review of the traditional uses, pharmacology, and toxicology of areca nut. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:156005. [PMID: 39241389 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Areca nut, the fruit of A. catechu, is an important Chinese herbal medicine and is the first of China's "four southern medicines". The main chemical components are alkaloids, phenols, polysaccharides, amino acids, and terpenoids. The flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds of A. catechu contain high medicinal value. However, with the emergence of adverse reactions in people who chew areca nut, people have doubts about the safety of the use of areca nut. PURPOSE In view of the two sides of pharmacology and toxicology of areca nut, this study comprehensively reviewed the components of different parts of A. catechu, the mechanism of pharmacology and toxicology, and the relationship between dosage and pharmacology and toxicology, in order to provide a new reference for the safe application of areca nut. METHODS We used "Areca nut", "Betel nut", and known biologically active ingredients in areca nut, combined with "natural active ingredients", "pharmacological activity", and "toxicological effect" as keywords to search in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI up to March 2024. RESULTS A large number of studies have shown that low-dose areca nut has pharmacological effects such as deworming, anti-inflammatory, improving gastrointestinal function, lowering blood lipids, preventing atherosclerosis, anti-depression properties. The important mechanism involved in these effects is to reduce the generation of ROS, inhibit the activation of NADPH oxidase, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, affect MAPK, AKT, TLR, NF-κB, Nrf-2, PI3 K, STAT3 signaling pathway, reduce COX-2, IL-1β m RNA, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA gene expression, reduce IL-6, IL-8, IGE levels, activate AMPK signaling pathway, change the ion level in cells, and increase Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It interferes with the biochemical metabolic process of bacteria. Long-term consumption of areca nut in large quantities will cause some adverse reactions or related malignant diseases to the human body. CONCLUSION We reviewed the pharmacological and toxicological effects and related mechanisms of areca nut, revealed the relationship between dose and pharmacological and toxicological effects, and discussed how to reduce the toxicity of areca nut and improve the comprehensive utilization of areca nut. It provides a reference for the study of the relationship between areca nut and human health, as well as the safe and rational use and full development and utilization of areca nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinghua Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ningsih SS, Fadilah F, Jusman SWA, Syaidah R, Yashiro T. Profibrotic Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Predicted as the Key Targets of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb. in Keloids: An Epistatic and Molecular Simulation Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:662. [PMID: 38931330 PMCID: PMC11206663 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloid is characterized as the fibrotic tissue resulting from the increase of fibroblast activity. Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb. possesses bioactive compounds that have potential as antifibrotic agents, while the mechanism of action in keloid has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of gambir bioactive compounds with keloid target proteins using an epistatic and molecular simulation approach. The known bioactive compounds of gambir targets and keloid-related protein targets were screened using databases. The network was constructed and analyzed to obtain the core protein targets. The targets were enriched to describe the Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway related to the proteins. Eleven targets were defined as the main targets of gambir bioactive compounds related to keloid disease. Gambiriin C, Isogambirine, and Procyanidin B1 were identified as the most promising compounds with the highest binding energy to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) as the target proteins. GO enrichment and pathway analysis found that gambir bioactive compounds may act on keloid-related target proteins to regulate cell proliferation, migration, transcription, and signal transduction activity via profibrotic cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways. This study provides a reference for potential targets, compounds, and pathways to explain the mechanism of gambir against keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Suciati Ningsih
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta 12130, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widia A. Jusman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rahimi Syaidah
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (S.S.N.); (F.F.)
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Department of Histology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
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Ramarao KDR, Razali Z, Somasundram C, Kunasekaran W, Jin TL. Effects of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Properties of Piper betle Leaves. Molecules 2024; 29:1762. [PMID: 38675582 PMCID: PMC11051789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Piper betle leaf powder is increasingly utilised as a health supplement. In this study, P. betle leaves were subjected to four different drying methods: convective air-drying, oven-drying, sun-drying, and no drying, with fresh leaves as control. Their antioxidant properties were then evaluated using colourimetric assays and GC-MS. Results showed that the sun-dried leaves had the highest (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (66.23 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g), total polyphenol content (133.93 ± 3.76 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (81.25 ± 3.26 mg CE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (56.48 ± 0.11%), and the lowest alkaloid content (45.684 ± 0.265 mg/gm). GC-MS analysis revealed that major constituents of aqueous extracts of fresh and sun-dried P. betle leaves were hydrazine 1,2-dimethyl-; ethyl aminomethylformimidate; glycerin; propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (+/-)-; and 1,2-Cyclopentanedione. In conclusion, sun-dried leaves exhibited overall better antioxidant properties, and their aqueous extracts contained biologically active phytoconstituents that have uses in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.D.R.R.); (C.S.)
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.D.R.R.); (C.S.)
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.D.R.R.); (C.S.)
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wijenthiran Kunasekaran
- Wari Technologies Sdn. Bhd., 2A-2, Galleria Cyberjaya, Jalan Teknokrat 6, Cyber 5, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.K.); (T.L.J.)
| | - Tan Li Jin
- Wari Technologies Sdn. Bhd., 2A-2, Galleria Cyberjaya, Jalan Teknokrat 6, Cyber 5, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.K.); (T.L.J.)
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Ozawa S, Mukudai S, Kaneko M, Kinoshita S, Hashimoto K, Sugiyama Y, Hashimoto S, Akaki J, Hirano S. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicine Kyoseihatekigan on Vocal Fold Wound Healing. J Voice 2024; 38:503-509. [PMID: 34836738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Japanese herbal medicine kyoseihatekigan (KHG) has been used to alleviate the symptoms of croaky voice and globus hystericus, and each of its components has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial actions of KHG on the vocal folds remain largely unknown. We examined the effects of KHG on rat vocal fold wound healing and assessed its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. STUDY DESIGN Animal model. METHODS The vocal folds of Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally injured under endoscopy. Rats were divided into three groups based on KHG dosing from pre injury day 4 to post injury day 3: 0 mg/kg/day (sham group), 500 mg/kg/day (1% KHG group) and 1000 mg/kg/day (2% KHG group). Histologic changes were examined to assess the degree of inflammation and oxidative stress at day 3, and fibrosis at day 56. In addition, gene expression related to pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Histologic analysis showed that the 1% and 2% KHG treatments significantly decreased cell infiltration and the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenalx-immunopositive area, and increased hyaluronic acid at day 3. Both KHG treatments significantly decreased fibrosis at day 56. qPCR revealed that mRNA of interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 were significantly suppressed at day 1 and TGF-β1 mRNA was significantly downregulated at day 5 in both KHG groups. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that KHG has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the early phase of vocal fold wound healing, which can lead to better wound healing with less scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Mukudai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mami Kaneko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Kinoshita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Hashimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Junji Akaki
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Tan BC, Mahyuddin A, Sockalingam SNMP, Zakaria ASI. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of Uncaria gambier (Hunt) Roxb extract as a potential herbal-based pulpotomy medicament. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:331. [PMID: 37730579 PMCID: PMC10510159 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The downfall of formocresol as a pulpotomy medicament highlights the importance of cytotoxic evaluation and the establishment of a safe concentration of dental material prior to its usage in the oral cavity. Uncaria gambir is an herbal plant that possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as an alternative medicament for pulpotomy. However, there are not many studies published on its cytotoxicity, with some using non-standardised techniques and reported variable outcomes. Here, we investigated the concentration and time-dependent toxicity of Uncaria gambir extract towards the M3CT3-E1 cell line and compared it with the gold standard pulpotomy medicament: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODS Uncaria gambir extracts at concentrations ranging from 1000 to 7.8 µg/ml and MTA eluates at 4- and 48 h setting times were prepared. 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and culture media were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Cell viability on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 was analysed using Alamar Blue and Live and Dead Cell assay. Any morphological cellular changes were evaluated using transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Data were analysed using a two-way mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The interaction between the concentration and exposure time on the fluorescence intensity of Uncaria gambir extract and MTA 48 h was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). No cytotoxic effects on the cells were exerted by both MTA 48 h and Uncaria gambir extract at a concentration below 500 µg/mL. TEM analysis and Live and Dead Cell assay for both materials were comparable to the negative control. No significant differences in fluorescent intensity were observed between Uncaria gambir extract at 500 µg/mL and MTA 48 h (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Uncaria gambir extracts at a maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL are non-cytotoxic over time and are comparable to the MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Chin Tan
- Department of Family Oral Health, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Alida Mahyuddin
- Department of Family Oral Health, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - S Nagarajan M P Sockalingam
- Department of Family Oral Health, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria
- Department of Family Oral Health, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
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Islam MA, Jeong JY, Hossain MS, Tarek H, Khan N, Jamila N, Kim KS. Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves from Bangladesh for Polyphenolics by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Together with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Activities. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2186423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Atikul Islam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Ji Young Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Selim Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Tarek
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ho TJ, Tsai PH, Hsieh CH, Lin JH, Lin YW, Wu JR, Chen HP. Role of Herbal Extracts of Catechu from Uncaria gambir in the Treatment of Chronic Diabetic Wounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010066. [PMID: 36678562 PMCID: PMC9863412 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechu is a dried decoction from twigs with the leaves of Uncaria gambir. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities have been previously reported because of its high catechin and epicatechin content (>21%). It is also one of the components used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, “Jinchuang Ointment,” which has excellent efficacy in treating chronic diabetic wounds. An in vivo zebrafish embryo platform and an in vitro cell-based tube formation assay were used to measure the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts. Interestingly, for the first time, catechu extracts stimulated angiogenic activity on both platforms. The expression of the IL-8 gene was induced in HMEC1 cells after treatment with catechu extracts for 1 h only. In contrast, the upregulation of FGFR2, FGFR3, NF-κB, STAT3, and vimentin persisted for 24 h. A summary of the possible mechanisms underlying the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts in HMEC1 cells is shown. Unexpectedly, catechu extracts inhibited the migration of HaCaT cells. These results can account for the intense blood flow flux in porcine excisional wound sites in our previous studies, which provides insights into the therapeutic activity of catechu extract in chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
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A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Properties of Piper Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196774. [PMID: 36235309 PMCID: PMC9573611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that are able to inhibit the negative effects that come from free radicals. The phenomenon of imbalanced antioxidant production and the accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause oxidative stress. Excessive free radicals that enter the body cannot be warded off by endogenous antioxidant compounds so that the required antioxidant compounds can come from the outside, which helps in the performance of endogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants that come from outside consist of synthetic and natural antioxidants; however, synthetic antioxidants are not an option because they have toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients is an alternative method that is needed to create a new natural antioxidant compound. Piper species are being considered as possible medicinal plants for the development of new sources of antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out starting from the extract levels, fractions, and compounds of the Piper species, which showed good antioxidant activity. Currently, some of these plants are being used as ingredients in traditional medicines to treat allergies, toothaches, and coughs. This review examines the distribution, botanical data, pharmacology, especially antioxidant activity, and the compounds contained in five Piper species, namely Piper amalago L., Piper betle L., Piper hispidum Sw., Piper longum L., and Piper umbellatum L.
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Munggari IP, Kurnia D, Deawati Y, Julaeha E. Current Research of Phytochemical, Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Uses of Uncaria gambir Roxb.: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6551. [PMID: 36235088 PMCID: PMC9571117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria gambir Roxb. is a plant from Southeast Asia and is widely used as an alternative medicine with various applications. This plant has been widely used in traditional medicine. This paper aims to provide information on U. gambir, a summary of data on phytochemicals and on medical and nonmedical activities. Phytochemical studies reveal biologically active constituents such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Various studies have shown that extracts and compounds obtained from U. gambir have medical uses for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-helminthic, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperuricemic, anti-lipid peroxidation, antihyperlipidemic and other properties. In addition, this extract has other uses, such as adsorbent for dyes and metal ions, as well as corrosion inhibition. Thus, U. gambir, which is commonly used in traditional medicine, is a potential plant for many therapeutic applications and prospects for drug development as well as other applications such as adsorbent and corrosion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Euis Julaeha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Seo J, Lee U, Seo S, Wibowo AE, Pongtuluran OB, Lee K, Han SB, Cho S. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Piper betle Linn. (Piper betle L.) leaves and stems by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113734. [PMID: 36152408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are closely linked to various diseases. However, previous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts could prevent and alleviate these adverse outcomes. Piper betle Linn. (Piper betle L.) is a cosmopolitan plant that belongs to the Piperaceae family, whose leaves are edible and possess several health benefits. This study sought to characterize the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a methanol extract of Piper betle L. leaves and stems (MPBLLS). MPBLLS was found to have a dose-dependent radical scavenging effect, as demonstrated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Additionally, MPBLLS inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by reducing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, our findings suggested that the inhibitory effects of MPBLLS on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were due to the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MPBLLS and hydroxychavicol, a major constituent of MPBLLS, suppressed LPS-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Interestingly, MPBLLS increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels and transcription levels of Nrf2 target genes in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings suggest that MPBLLS could serve as a basis for the development of novel orally-administered therapies due to its inhibitory effects on oxidative and inflammatory stress. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Seo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Unju Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumin Seo
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Health Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Olivia Bunga Pongtuluran
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Food and Agriculture Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.
| | - KyuJong Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Murwani R, Kusumanti E, Naumova EN. Areca catechu L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis supplementation reduces faecal parasites and improves caecal histopathology in laying hens. Int J Vet Sci Med 2022; 10:52-63. [PMID: 35874604 PMCID: PMC9272918 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2022.2090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Retno Murwani
- Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Natural Product Laboratory –Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Endang Kusumanti
- Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Division of the Nutrition Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen H, Wang W, Yu S, Wang H, Tian Z, Zhu S. Procyanidins and Their Therapeutic Potential against Oral Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092932. [PMID: 35566283 PMCID: PMC9104295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Procyanidins, as a kind of dietary flavonoid, have excellent pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and so they can be used to treat various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, and obesity. Given the low bioavailability of procyanidins, great efforts have been made in drug delivery systems to address their limited use. Nowadays, the heavy burden of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, endodontic infections, etc., and their consequences on the patients’ quality of life indicate a strong need for developing effective therapies. Recent years, plenty of efforts are being made to develop more effective treatments. Therefore, this review summarized the latest researches on versatile effects and enhanced bioavailability of procyanidins resulting from innovative drug delivery systems, particularly focused on its potential against oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zilu Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7878-5725
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Hu X, Wu L, Du M, Wang L. Eco-friendly synthesis of size-controlled silver nanoparticles by using Areca catechu nut aqueous extract and investigation of their potent antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Armenia A, Wahyuni FS, Almahdy A, Abdillah R, Aquista PG, Putri DP, Zikra M. Blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering effects of purified gambir on diabetic hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:627-636. [PMID: 35446514 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antioxidants protect people from diabetes and its cardiovascular complication. Purified gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is a potential medicinal plant for treating this condition based on the antioxidant activity of its catechin compound. This study tries to reveal the potential activity of purified gambir as a blood pressure-lowering drug while lowering blood glucose in diabetic hypertensive rats induced by oral NaCl-Prednisone and Alloxan. METHODS Rats were induced by oral NaCl 0.8% and Prednisone 5 mg/kg BW for 14 days to obtain hypertensive condition. Alloxan 125 mg/kg BW was given intra peritoneal injection on the 8th day to obtain diabetic hypertensive condition. The animal was divided into five groups, normal control group treated with vehicle, treatment groups were treated with purified gambir at dose of 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg BW respectively, while the positive control group were treated with a combination of captopril-glibenclamide at dose of 2.25 and 0.45 mg/kg BW. All animals were treated orally for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose and cardiovascular parameters (SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, BF and BV) were measured on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. NO level were measured on day 0 and day 14. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. RESULTS The purified gambir has blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering activity (p<0.05). The NO levels of the treatment group also increased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that purified gambir could be an alternative medicine to manage blood glucose and blood pressure in the diabetic hypertensive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armenia Armenia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Fatma Sri Wahyuni
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Almahdy Almahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Rahmad Abdillah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Popy Genca Aquista
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Study Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Diana Puspita Putri
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Study Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Murhamah Zikra
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Study Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
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Osborne PG, Pasupuleti RR, Wu MT, Lee CH, Ponnusamy VK. LC-MS/MS measurement of alkaloids in alkaline extracts of Areca nut preparations and their physiological effects. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Fan X, Jiang C, Dai W, Jing H, Du X, Peng M, Zhang Y, Mo L, Wang L, Chen X, Lou Z, Wang H. Effects of different extraction on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds of areca nut (husks and seeds). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Huang CH, Geng JH, Wu DW, Chen SC, Hung CH, Kuo CH. Betel Nut Chewing Was Associated with Obstructive Lung Disease in a Large Taiwanese Population Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100973. [PMID: 34683114 PMCID: PMC8537851 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of betel nut chewing in Taiwan is high at approximately 7%, however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between betel nut chewing and lung disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between betel nut chewing and lung function in 80,877 participants in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB). We further investigated correlations between betel nut chewing characteristics such as years of use, frequency, daily amount, and accumulative dose, with obstructive lung disease. We used data from the TWB. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The participants were classified into normal lung function and obstructive lung function (FEV1/FVC < 70%) groups. The participants were asked questions about betel nut chewing, including years of use, frequency, and daily amount. After multivariable analysis, betel nut chewing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.159; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with FEV1/FVC < 70% in all participants (n = 80,877). Further, in the participants who chewed betel nut (n = 5135), a long duration of betel nut chewing (per 1 year; OR = 1.008; p = 0.012), betel nut use every day (vs. 1–3 days/month; OR = 1.793; p = 0.036), 10–20 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.404; p = 0.019), 21–30 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.662; p = 0.010), ≥31 quids a day (vs. <10 quids; OR = 1.717; p = 0.003), and high cumulative dose (per 1 year × frequency × daily score; OR = 1.001; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with FEV1/FVC < 70%. In this large population-based cohort study, chewing betel nut was associated with obstructive lung disease. Furthermore, a long duration of betel nut chewing, more frequent use, higher daily amount, and high cumulative dose were associated with obstructive lung disease. This suggests that preventing betel nut chewing should be considered to reduce obstructive lung disease in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsin Huang
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-8036-783 (ext. 3440); Fax: +886-7-8063-346
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Road, Hsiao-Kang District, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (D.-W.W.); (C.-H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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El-Saadony MT, Zabermawi NM, Zabermawi NM, Burollus MA, Shafi ME, Alagawany M, Yehia N, Askar AM, Alsafy SA, Noreldin AE, Khafaga AF, Dhama K, Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, Cerbo AD, El-Tarabily KA, Abd El-Hack ME. Nutritional Aspects and Health Benefits of Bioactive Plant Compounds against Infectious Diseases: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1944183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nidal M. Zabermawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal M. Zabermawi
- Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital (KAAH), Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Burollus
- Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital (KAAH), Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Askar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sara A. Alsafy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Biosecurity and One health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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He Y, Wang C, Wang C, Xiao Y, Lin W. An Overview on Collagen and Gelatin-Based Cryogels: Fabrication, Classification, Properties and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2299. [PMID: 34301056 PMCID: PMC8309424 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research into cryogels have resulted in the development of many types of cryogels for various applications. Collagen and gelatin possess nontoxicity, intrinsic gel-forming ability and physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them very desirable candidates for the fabrication of cryogels. Collagen-based cryogels (CBCs) and gelatin-based cryogels (GBCs) have been successfully applied as three-dimensional substrates for cell culture and have shown promise for biomedical use. A key point in the development of CBCs and GBCs is the quantitative and precise characterization of their properties and their correlation with preparation process and parameters, enabling these cryogels to be tuned to match engineering requirements. Great efforts have been devoted to fabricating these types of cryogels and exploring their potential biomedical application. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive overviews focused on CBCs and GBCs have been reported currently. In this review, we attempt to provide insight into the recent advances on such kinds of cryogels, including their fabrication methods and structural properties, as well as potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing He
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenzhi Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhang Xiao
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Ansari A, Mahmood T, Bagga P, Ahsan F, Shamim A, Ahmad S, Shariq M, Parveen S. Areca catechu
: A phytopharmacological legwork. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy Integral University Lucknow India
| | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy Integral University Lucknow India
| | | | - Saba Parveen
- Faculty of Pharmacy Integral University Lucknow India
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Sari EF, Prayogo GP, Loo YT, Zhang P, McCullough MJ, Cirillo N. Distinct phenolic, alkaloid and antioxidant profile in betel quids from four regions of Indonesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16254. [PMID: 33004929 PMCID: PMC7529777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a chewing mixed package that mainly contains areca nut (AN), betel leaf (Leaf) or betel stem inflorescence (SI), and slaked lime, and is consumed with or without tobacco BQ chewing is common in South East Asia and has been strongly associated with malignant and potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity. Alkaloids such as arecoline are often accounted for the carcinogenic potential of BQ, however the chemical composition of BQ has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (by mean of ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), radical scavenging activity (DPPH test), polyphenolic profile and arecoline content in different components of BQ, namely AN, Leaf or SI, Husk, and blended BQ (BQ mix, containing AN, Leaf or SI and slaked lime). Samples were imported from 4 major regions of Indonesia, namely: Banda Aceh (BA), North Sumatra (NS), West Kalimantan (WK) and West Papua (WP). The highest TPC, FRAP, and DPPH values were detected in AN samples compared to other BQ components, while samples from WP region were of higher values compared to the other regions. High performance liquid chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis showed that Husk contains the widest range of polyphenols, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols and stilbenes. Catechin and epicatechin were the main polyphenols detected in BQ, and they were present at the highest concentrations in WP–AN sample. Arecoline was detected in all AN and BQ mix samples and was significantly correlated with catechin and epicatechin, and significantly negatively correlated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Notably, arecoline concentration changed significantly when AN was blended in BQ mixtures. The current study is the first to extensively characterise the chemical composition of BQ and provides insight for a better understanding of the interactions of BQ alkaloids and phenolics in the development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fitriana Sari
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia. .,Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia.
| | - Grace Puspita Prayogo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael John McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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Paranagama MP, Piyarathne NS, Nandasena TL, Jayatilake S, Navaratne A, Galhena BP, Williams S, Rajapakse J, Kita K. The Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibitory effects, antioxidant effects and the safety of a Sri Lankan traditional betel quid - an in vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:259. [PMID: 32819379 PMCID: PMC7439561 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Sri Lankan traditional betel quid (TBQ) which had been extensively used in the country before its colonization is claimed to have antiperiodontopathic effects in the Sri Lankan folklore. However, there is no reported scientific evidence to support the claimed antiperiodontopathic effects mediated by this TBQ. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of the Sri Lankan TBQ in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods We investigate the ethyl acetate extract of the Sri Lankan TBQ for its antibacterial effects against the keystone periodontopathic bacterium, P. gingivalis and also its antioxidant potential, which is important to protect the periodontium from oxidative stress. Further, its safety was analyzed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Results Ethyl acetate extract of this TBQ inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 125 μg/ml. It was found to be a rich source of polyphenols and displayed considerable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and a strong ferric reducing antioxidant power. This extract could protect the cultured human gingival fibroblasts from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. In addition, this TBQ extract was not genotoxic to human PBLs even at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. Moreover, it exhibited protective effects against bleomycin induced genotoxicity in PBLs. Conclusion Ethyl acetate extract of the Sri Lankan TBQ is a source of natural antibacterial compounds against P. gingivalis. It is also a source of natural antioxidants which can protect human gingival fibroblasts from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. These properties of the TBQ may have contributed to its claimed antiperiodontopathic effects. Besides, it was found to be relatively non-toxic to human cells. Thus this TBQ extract has a huge potential to be developed as a novel adjunctive therapeutic lead against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tharanga Lakmali Nandasena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sumedha Jayatilake
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayanthi Navaratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandula Prasanna Galhena
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Senani Williams
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayantha Rajapakse
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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Khan S, Singh S, Gaikwad S, Nawani N, Junnarkar M, Pawar SV. Optimization of process parameters for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Piper betle leaf aqueous extract, and evaluation of their antiphytofungal activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27221-27233. [PMID: 31065983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological methods offer eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study highlights a green process where AgNPs were synthesized and optimized by using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the aqueous extract of Piper betle (Pbet) leaf as the reducing and capping agent. The stable and optimized process for the synthesis of Pbet-AgNPs was exposure of reaction mixture into the sunlight for 40 min, pH 9.0, and 2 mM AgNO3 using 1:4 diluted Pbet leaf aqueous extract. The optimized Pbet-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared Pbet-AgNPs were spherical in shape with size in the range of 6-14 nm. These nanoparticles were stable for 6 months in aqueous solution at room temperature under dark conditions. The biogenic synthesized Pbet-AgNPs are found to have significant antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria brassicae and Fusarium solani. Synthesized Pbet-AgNPs potentially reduced the fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Microscopic observation of treated mycelium showed that Pbet-AgNPs could disrupt the mycelium cell wall and induce cellular permeability. Protein leakage assay supports these findings. Overall, this study revealed the efficacy of green synthesized AgNPs to control the plant fungal pathogens. Pbet leaves are a rich source of phenolic biomolecule(s). It was hypothesized that these biomolecule(s) mediated metal reduction reactions. In this context, the present work investigates the phytobiomolecule(s) of the aqueous extract of Pbet leaves using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HR-LCMS) method. The analysis revealed that eugenol, chavicol, and hydroxychavicol were present in the Pbet aqueous extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Khan
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Simran Singh
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Swapnil Gaikwad
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India.
| | - Neelu Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Manisha Junnarkar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Sarika Vishnu Pawar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India.
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24
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Ciampi F, Sordillo LM, Gandy JC, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M, Santillo A. Evaluation of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in a bovine in vitro model of oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8938-8947. [PMID: 32713694 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to many inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle especially during periods of increased metabolic activity such as around calving. Endothelial cells play a key role in maintaining normal inflammatory responses, but they are especially susceptible to macromolecule damage during times of oxidative stress. Therefore, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were used to study the effect of natural tannin-based extracts on oxidative stress that may improve health and well-being of cattle. Tannins are secondary metabolites in plants with potent antioxidant activity that have been used as natural feed additives for food-producing animals. However, there is little information on how tannin-rich plant extracts may affect oxidative stress in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum; PMG), tara (Caesalpinia spinosa; TA), chestnut (Castanea sativa; CH), and gambier (Uncaria gambir; GM) natural extracts using an in vitro BAEC model of oxidative stress. Natural extracts were tested at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Viability, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and isoprostanes were determined on cultured BAEC treated with different plant natural extracts. No changes in cell viability was detected following PMG and GM treatments. In contrast, there was a 30% reduction of BAEC viability following treatment with CH or TA extracts. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was significantly less abundant in cells treated with natural extracts than with the lipopolysaccharide control. Moreover, antioxidant activity varied according to the tested extract, showing a reduction of 63, 45, 51, and 27% in PMG, GM, CH, and TA, respectively. The formation of isoprostanes as a consequence of lipid peroxidation after induction of oxidative stress also were significantly decreased in PMG-treated cells when compared with the untreated cells. Theses findings suggest that PMG extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress without detrimental effects on cell viability. Further in vitro and in vivo research is warranted to explore the antioxidant potential of PMG extract as a dietary supplement to control oxidative stress in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciampi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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25
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Al-Tayar BA, Ahmad A, Yusoff ME, Abdullah SF, Mohamad NK, Md Hashim SN, Kishida S, Kishida M, Nakamura N, Kibe T, Harun MH. Cytotoxic Effects of Betel Quid and Areca Nut Aqueous Extracts on Mouse Fibroblast, Human Mouth-Ordinary-Epithelium 1 and Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1005-1009. [PMID: 32334462 PMCID: PMC7445995 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Betel quid chewing is more common among the older generation in rural areas of Malaysia. Oral cancer in Asia has been associated with the habit of chewing betel quid and areca nut. Objective: This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effects of betel quid and areca nut extracts on the fibroblast (L929), mouth-ordinary-epithelium 1 (MOE1) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) cell lines. Methods: L929, MOE1 and HSC-2 cells were treated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/ml of betel quid and areca nut extracts for 24, 48 and 72 h. MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability. Results: Both extracts, regardless of concentration, significantly reduced the cell viability of L929 compared with the control (P<0.05). Cell viability of MOE1 was significantly enhanced by all betel quid concentrations compared with the control (P<0.05). By contrast, 0.4 g/ml of areca nut extract significantly reduced the cell viability of MOE1 at 48 and 72 h of incubation. Cell viability of HSC-2 was significantly lowered by all areca nut extracts, but 0.4 g/ml of betel quid significantly increased the cell viability of HSC-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Areca nut extract is cytotoxic to L929 and HSC-2, whereas the lower concentrations of areca nut extract significantly increased the cell viability of MOE1 compared to the higher concentration and control group. Although betel quid extract is cytotoxic to L929, the same effect is not observed in MOE1 and HSC-2 cell lines. Further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Abdullah Al-Tayar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ezany Yusoff
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fadilah Abdullah
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Khairiena Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Kishida
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kibe
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masitah Hayati Harun
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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26
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Salehi B, Konovalov DA, Fru P, Kapewangolo P, Peron G, Ksenija MS, Cardoso SM, Pereira OR, Nigam M, Nicola S, Pignata G, Rapposelli S, Sestito S, Anil Kumar NV, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Segura-Carretero A, P Mishra A, Sharifi-Rad M, Cho WC, Taheri Y, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad J. Areca catechu-From farm to food and biomedical applications. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2140-2158. [PMID: 32159263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The family Arecaceae includes 181 genera and 2,600 species with a high diversity in physical characteristics. Areca plants, commonly palms, which are able to grow in nearly every type of habitat, prefer tropical and subtropical climates. The most studied species Areca catechu L. contains phytochemicals as phenolics and alkaloids with biological properties. The phenolics are mainly distributed in roots followed by fresh unripe fruits, leaves, spikes, and veins, while the contents of alkaloids are in the order of roots, fresh unripe fruits, spikes, leaves, and veins. This species has been reputed to provide health effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, metabolic, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. However, in many developing countries, quid from this species has been associated with side effects, which include the destruction of the teeth, impairment of oral hygiene, bronchial asthma, or oral cancer. Despite these side effects, which are also mentioned in this work, the present review collects the main results of biological properties of the phytochemicals in A. catechu. This study emphasizes the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and clinical effectiveness in humans. In this sense, A. catechu have demonstrated effectiveness in several reports through in vitro and in vivo experiments on disorders such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, or anticancer. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that this species presents clinical effectiveness on neurological disorders. Hence, A. catechu extracts could be used as a bioactive ingredient for functional food, nutraceuticals, or cosmeceuticals. However, further studies, especially extensive and comprehensive clinical trials, are recommended for the use of Areca in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Dmitry A Konovalov
- Department of Pharmacognozy and Botany, Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, A branch of Volgograd State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Pascaline Fru
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Petrina Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mileski S Ksenija
- Department of Morphology and Systematic of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olivia R Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre for Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Nanjangud V Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Abhay P Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.,Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, Utah, USA
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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27
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Sari LM, Hakim RF, Mubarak Z, Andriyanto A. Analysis of phenolic compounds and immunomodulatory activity of areca nut extract from Aceh, Indonesia, against Staphylococcus aureus infection in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vet World 2020; 13:134-140. [PMID: 32158163 PMCID: PMC7020107 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.134-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of areca nut extract. The phytochemical content and phenolic composition of the extract were also determined. Materials and Methods: An extract of areca nut was prepared using 96% ethanol and subsequently screened for phytochemical content using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was tested in 35 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups: One control group and three experimental groups in which the rats received 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg of oral areca nut extract biweekly (BW). The extract was orally administered 14 days before the intraperitoneal challenge with Staphylococcus aureus (1×108 CFU/mL). On the 14th day of the experiment, rats in all the four groups were sacrificed. Measurement of the levels of red blood cells, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophil, and macrophages were recorded. The activities of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, and creatinine were also determined. Results: Areca nut was found to contain an alkaloid, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of catechin as the major compound along with quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract in rats infected with S. aureus produced a significant increase in the concentration of WBC but did not affect Hct, Hb, and other cell types. Among the different doses tested, 1000 mg/kg BW was found to be most effective in cellular immunity models. No harmful effects on the liver and kidney functions were observed. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of areca nut might be attributed to the presence of catechin and quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract increased the number of WBCs and improved the activity and capacity of macrophages significantly in rats infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rachmi Fanani Hakim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Zaki Mubarak
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Andriyanto Andriyanto
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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28
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Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Perumal S, Vinodh R, Lee YR. Betel-derived nitrogen-doped multicolor carbon dots for environmental and biological applications. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Shafiei Z, Rahim ZHA, Philip K, Thurairajah N, Yaacob H. Potential effects of Psidium sp., Mangifera sp., Mentha sp. and its mixture (PEM) in reducing bacterial populations in biofilms, adherence and acid production of S. sanguinis and S. mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104554. [PMID: 31563709 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psidium sp., Mangifera sp. and Mentha sp. and its mixture (PEM) are known to have antimicrobial and anti-adherence effects. DESIGN Here, we have investigated these individual plant extracts and its synergistic mixture (PEM) for its anti-cariogenic effect to reduce populations of single and mixed-species of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic or/and biofilm and their others reduced virulence. Bacterial populations in the biofilm after 24 h, hydrophobic cell surface activity to n-hexadecane and pH changes at 5 min' intervals until 90 min of incubation were recorded. Total phenolic content and bioactive compounds in the crude aqueous plant extracts were analysed. Regulatory gene expressions of S. mutans adhesins genes (gtfB, gtfC, gbpB and spaP) upon treatment with PEM were investigated in planktonic and biofilm conditions. RESULTS All plant extracts strongly reduced S. mutans in the biofilm compared to S. sanguinis in single and mixed-species. PEM reduced S. mutans by 84% with S. sanguinis 87% in the mixed population. Psidium sp. and PEM highly reduced cell-surface hydrophobicity of the two bacteria thus reducing adherence and biofilm formation. PEM and Mangifera sp. lowered initial pH change in the mixed populations of S. sanguinis and S. mutans. PEM downregulated the S. mutans gtfB gene expression in the single species planktonic and mixed-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of PEM in reducing S. mutans within the biofilm, cell-surface hydrophobicity, acid production and adhesin gene (gtfB) expression in mixed-species with S. sanguinis indicates its potential as an antibacterial agent against dental caries. This is attributed to the phenolic content in the PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaleha Shafiei
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Haji Abdul Rahim
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, Jalan SS6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nalina Thurairajah
- Centre for Pre-U studies, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hashim Yaacob
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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30
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Tsou HH, Ko HT, Chen CT, Wang TW, Lee CH, Liu TY, Wang HT. Betel quid containing safrole enhances metabolic activation of tobacco specific 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:13-21. [PMID: 31071628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) and betel quid (BQ) chewing are two known risk factors that have synergistic potential for the enhancing the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Taiwan. Most mutagens and carcinogens are metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) to exert their mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Previous studies have shown that metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), by CYP2A6 activity determines NNK-induced carcinogenesis. In addition, safrole affects cytochrome P450 activity in rodents. However, the effect of BQ safrole on the metabolism of tobacco-specific NNK and its carcinogenicity remains elusive. This study demonstrates that safrole (1 mg/kg/d) induced CYP2A6 activity, reduced urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels, and increased NNK-induced DNA damage, including N7-methylguanine, 8-OH-deoxyguanosine and DNA strand breaks in a Syrian golden hamster model. Furthermore, altered NNK metabolism and increased NNK-induced DNA damage were also observed in healthy subjects with CS and BQ chewing histories compared to healthy subjects with CS histories. In conclusion, BQ containing safrole induced tobacco-specific NNK metabolic activation, resulting in higher NNK-induced genotoxicity. This study provides valuable insight into the synergistic mechanisms of CS- and BQ-induced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tung Ko
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wen Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Singh TP, Chauhan G, Agrawal RK, Mendiratta SK. In vitro study on antimicrobial, antioxidant, FT-IR and GC–MS/MS analysis of Piper betle L. leaves extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Zebua EA, Silalahi J, Julianti E. Hypoglicemic activity of gambier (Uncaria gambir robx.) drinks in alloxan-induced mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Development of gelatin/ascorbic acid cryogels for potential use in corneal stromal tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:123-136. [PMID: 29128534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To offer an ideal hospitable environment for corneal keratocyte growth, the carrier materials can be functionalized with incorporation of signaling molecules to regulate cell biological events. This study reports, for the first time, the development of gelatin/ascorbic acid (AA) cryogels for keratocyte carriers in vitro and in vivo. The cryogel samples were fabricated by blending of gelatin with varying amounts of AA (0-300 mg) and carbodiimide cross-linking via cryogelation technique. Hydrophilic AA content in the carriers was found to significantly affect cross-linking degree and pore dimension of cryogels, thereby dictating their mechanical and biological stability and AA release profile. The cryogel carriers with low-to-moderate AA loadings were well tolerated by rabbit keratocyte cultures and anterior segment eye tissues, demonstrating good ocular biocompatibility. Although higher incorporated AA level contributed to enhanced metabolic activity and biosynthetic capacity of keratocytes grown on cryogel matrices, the presence of excessive amounts of AA molecules could lead to toxic effect and limit cell proliferation and matrix production. The cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress was shown to be strongly dependent on AA release, which further determined cell culture performance and tissue reconstruction efficiency. With the optimum AA content in carrier materials, intrastromally implanted cell/cryogel constructs exhibited better capability to enhance tissue matrix regeneration and transparency maintenance as well as to mitigate corneal damage in an alkali burn-induced animal model. It is concluded that understanding of antioxidant molecule-mediated structure-property-function interrelationships in gelatin/AA cryogels is critical to designing carrier materials for potential use in corneal stromal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Multifunctional cryogel material can offer an ideal hospitable environment for cell-mediated tissue reconstruction. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of gelatin/ascorbic acid (AA) cryogels as keratocyte carriers for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The AA loading during cryogel fabrication is found to have a significant effect on cross-linking degree and pore dimension, mechanical and biological stability, ocular biocompatibility, cell culture performance, and cytoprotective activity, giving comprehensive insight into fine-tuning the structure-property-function interrelationships of keratocyte carrier material. Using an alkali burn-induced animal model, we present evidence that with the optimum AA loading into cryogel materials, intrastromally implanted cell/carrier constructs exhibited better capability to enhance tissue matrix regeneration and transparency maintenance as well as to mitigate corneal damage.
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Li S, Chen R, Luo K, Guo Y, Xiao M, Du G. Areca nut extract protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2893-2899. [PMID: 28587356 PMCID: PMC5450612 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a crucial pathogenic factor for osteoporosis. Areca nuts are rich in phenolics, which have high antioxidant activity. In the present study, an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model was used to investigate the protective effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on bone loss and related processes. A total of 24 8-week-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 per group): I Sham-operated control; II, bilateral OVX; and III, bilateral OVX + ANE. Group III were treated orally with ANE at a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight daily for 6 months. ANE supplementation for 6 months improved trabecular bone microarchitecture and significantly increased bone mineral density in the distal femur (P<0.05) compared with Group II. Furthermore, serum levels of the osteoclast differentiation-inducing factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (both P<0.05), in OVX mice and these effects were significantly inhibited by ANE treatment (both P<0.05). ANE supplementation also resulted in significantly decreased serum hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels compared with Group II, while the levels of glutathione and catalase activity were significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The current study indicated that the protective effects of ANE against bone loss were mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of the release of ROS and bone resorption. These results suggested that ANE could have therapeutic value in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Clinical College of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Agribusiness Central Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of some important betel vine landraces. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim TH. A novel α-glucosidase inhibitory constituent from Uncaria gambir. J Nat Med 2016; 70:811-5. [PMID: 27262298 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of an aqueous methanolic extract of manufactured gambir product from Uncaria gambir with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed to isolate a novel prenyl resorcinol derivative (1) together with seven known compounds, including two flavone glycosides (2, 3), three catechin analogues (4-6), and two simple phenolics (7, 8). Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analysis of physical and spectroscopic data (NMR, UV, [α]D, and MS). All isolates were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among the compounds, novel compound 1, possessing an unprecedented spirocyclopropane ring in the molecule, showed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in this assay. On the other hand, compounds 4 and 7 showed less potent inhibitory effects in this same bioassay, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 17.3 ± 1.0 μM and 27.0 ± 0.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Begum S, Schensul JJ, Nair S, Donta B. Initiating Smokeless Tobacco Use across Reproductive Stages. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7547-54. [PMID: 26625760 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) among women is increasing in India, especially among those with limited education and resources. Preventing the initiation of SLT among women is critical since it has known negative consequences for oral and reproductive health. Most research on tobacco initiation in India focuses on adolescents. This paper addresses the unrecognized issues of post marital initiation among women of reproductive age, highlighting the importance of reproductive stages in women's tobacco initiation. The objective is to examine the correlates of SLT initiation among low income women in Mumbai from pre-marriage through early marriage, first pregnancy and beyond, using case examples to illustrate initiation during each of these stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2011-2012, cross-sectional community level survey data were collected from a representative sample of 409 daily SLT-using married women aged 18-40 years in a low income community in Mumbai. Information on socio-demographics, initiation by reproductive stage, types of tobacco use, childhood exposure to tobacco, learning to use, and initiation influences and reasons were collected through a researcher-administered survey. Univariate and bivariate analysis assessed factors influencing initiation of SLT use by reproductive stage. In addition 42 narratives of tobacco use were collected from a purposive sample of pregnant and non-pregnant married women addressing the same questions in detail. Narratives were transcribed, translated, and coded for key concepts including initiation of tobacco use. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of women initiated SLT use before marriage, 44% initiated after marriage but before pregnancy, 18.1% initiated during their first pregnancy and the remainder started after their first pregnancy. Mean age of marriage among women in this study was 16 years. Younger women (i.e. age at time of the interview of less than 30 years) were 0.47 [95% CI (0.32, 0.87)] percent less likely to initiate after marriage than women aged more than 30 years. Women who got married before 18 years of age were 2.34 [95% CI (1.40, 3.93)] times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Childhood exposure was a predictor for initiating SLT use prior to marriage but not after. Women reporting tooth and gum pain were 1.85 times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Husband and neighbours were the most significant influences on post-marital initiation. Narratives highlighted differences in processes of initiation pre and post marriage and during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Most tobacco prevention interventions are directed to adolescents in school. This study suggests that especially for low literate or illiterate women, school based interventions are ineffective. To be effective strategies to prevent SLT initiation must reach women in urban areas at or immediately after marriage and during their first pregnancy. Messages must negate culturally rooted beliefs about the health benefits of SLT in order to prevent initiation and onset of daily use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Begum
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Parel, U.S.A. E-mail : ,
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