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Hu L, Liu N, Li Y, Zhang Q, Cui X, Shan C, Chen S, Li S, Liu R, Wen H. A novel strategy to identify the species-specific peptide biomarkers in Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) based on enzymatic digestion followed by LC-MS/MS methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115372. [PMID: 37018956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Guang Dilong [P. aspergillum (E. Perrier)], is an animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried body of Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) (TCM). Due to its widely application and high medical values, preparations of P. aspergillum (E. Perrier) may be adulterated by four other species, including three crucial Pheretima species [P. vulgaris (Chen), P. pectinifera (Mkhaeken), and P. guillemi (Michaelsen)] and one considerable adulteration [Metaphire magna (Chen)]. This study developed a novel and effective strategy for analyzing and authenticating Guang Dilong based on enzymatic digestion of protein. The nanoLC-MS/MS technique used to evaluate complete peptidomics profiles of trypsin-digested samples, resulting in the identification of species-specific peptide biomarkers in P. aspergillum (E. Perrier). The significance of different samples and peptides in the target species set was then investigated using mathematical set theory. Consequently, seven peptides were chosen as prospective biomarkers. Finally, five specific peptide biomarkers for differentiating Guang Dilong with other species were confirmed and validated using UFLC-MS/MS and MRM mode. The suggested technique may also be beneficial in evaluating the quality of other animal-derived goods for safety issues in order to avoid misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Yanchao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Abdelfattah MA, Mohamed AS, Ibrahim SA, Fahmy SR. Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid and extract alleviate glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and regulating osteoblastic/osteoclastic-related markers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2090. [PMID: 36746995 PMCID: PMC9902447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allolobophora calignosa (Ac) is a folk medicine for millennia, as it possesses many biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the chemo-preventive activity of A.calignosa coelomic fluid (AcCF) and A.calignosa extract (AcE) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in mice. Characterization and in vitro biological activity of AcE and AcCF has been assessed. Male CD-1 mice were subcutaneously received dexamethasone (DEX) (1 mg/kg, 5 times/week) and concurrently intraperitoneally treated with either AcCF (20 mg/kg) or AcE (45 mg/kg) every other day for 28 days. Serum and bone homogenates were subjected for qPCR and biochemical analysis. AcE and AcCF treatment significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and calcitonin levels, whereas activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum acidic phosphatase (ACP), bone acidic phosphatase (BACP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were significantly reduced compare with untreated GIOP mice. Treatment with AcE and AcCF modulates oxidative stress and downregulated Rank and Mmp9 expression, as well as increased glycosaminoglycan content in the organic bone matrix, resulting in osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Overall, AcCF and AcE show a chemo-preventive activity against GIOP by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating expression and/or activity of osteoblast/osteoclast-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman Saber Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Sohair R Fahmy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Wasunan P, Maneewong C, Daengprok W, Thirabunyanon M. Bioactive Earthworm Peptides Produced by Novel Protease-Producing Bacillus velezensis PM 35 and Its Bioactivities on Liver Cancer Cell Death via Apoptosis, Antioxidant Activity, Protection Against Oxidative Stress, and Immune Cell Activation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892945. [PMID: 36033863 PMCID: PMC9399677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms have long been used as traditional medicine. The purposes of this research were to create bioactive peptides from the unique Amynthas arenulus earthworm (PAAEs) and test their potentials on liver cancer bioprophylactic activity, antioxidant, oxidative stress protection, and immune cell activation. This earthworm had a high protein content ratio, at 55.39%. Besides, PM 35 is one out of 58 bacteria isolated from the earthworm carcasses that exhibited the highest protease and yield protein production which was chosen as the protease-producing bacteria to hydrolyze the protein. The genera were identified by 16S rRNA and 16S–23S rRNA comparison and confirmed as Bacillus velezensis PM 35. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize these hydrolysis parameters, i.e., the enzyme/substrate (E/S) concentration ratio [1%–3% (v/v)] and time (1–3 h) of the hydrolyzing earthworm’s proteins. The optimal hydrolyzing conditions were 3% (v/v) of E/S concentration ratio and 3 h of hydrolysis time, which found protein-hydrolysate yield (24.62%) and degree of hydrolysis (85.45%) as the highest. After being challenged in the gastrointestinal tract-resistant model, these PAAEs (MW <3 and 3–5 kDa) induced liver cancer cell (HepG2) death via apoptotic action modes (cell morphological change and DNA fragmentation). The PAAEs (MW <3 kDa) exhibited significant antioxidant activity via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP with IC50 values of 0.94, 0.44, and 6.34 mg/ml, respectively. The PAAEs (MW < 3 kDa) were non-cytotoxic and protected the mouse fibroblast cells (L929) against oxidative stress. These PAAEs (MW < 3 kDa, 0.2 mg/ml) stimulated the B lymphocytes (122.3%), and T lymphocytes (126.7%) proliferation. This research suggests that PAAEs can be used in a variety of applications, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimphan Wasunan
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Maneewong
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichittra Daengprok
- Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agroindustry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Thirabunyanon
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mongkol Thirabunyanon,
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D’Angeli F, Guadagni F, Genovese C, Nicolosi D, Trovato Salinaro A, Spampinato M, Mannino G, Lo Furno D, Petronio Petronio G, Ronsisvalle S, Sipala F, Falzone L, Calabrese V. Anti-Candidal Activity of the Parasitic Plant Orobanche crenata Forssk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1373. [PMID: 34827311 PMCID: PMC8615231 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) are part of the human microbiome. However, they possess numerous virulence factors, which confer them the ability to cause both local and systemic infections. Candidiasis can involve multiple organs, including the eye. In the present study, we investigated the anti-candidal activity and the re-epithelizing effect of Orobanche crenata leaf extract (OCLE). By the microdilution method, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of OCLE on both C. albicans and C. glabrata growth. By crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we showed the ability of OCLE to inhibit the biofilm formation and the viability of yeast cells, respectively. By germ tube and adhesion assays, we proved the capacity of OCLE to affect the morphological transition of C. albicans and the adhesion of both pathogens to human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), respectively. Besides, by MTT and wound healing assay, we evaluated the cytotoxic and re-epithelizing effects of OCLE on ARPE-19. Finally, the Folin-Ciocalteu and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a high content of phenols and the presence of several bioactive molecules in the extract. Our results highlighted new properties of O. crenata, useful in the control of Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (F.G.)
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (F.G.)
- InterInstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Genovese
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, “Kore” University of Enna, Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Nacture S.r.l, Spin-Off University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Nacture S.r.l, Spin-Off University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via Francesco de Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (V.C.)
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Yu H, Feng R, Mao X, Yang X, Zhou Y, Hu Q, Ji S. Marker peptide screening and species-specific authentication of Pheretima using proteomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3167-3176. [PMID: 33687523 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pheretima is a common and valuable animal-derived medication used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are four species of Pheretima specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), i.e. Pheretima aspergillum, P. vulgaris, P. guillelmi, and P. pectinifera. A recent report revealed ~ 55% of Pheretima in the commercial marketplace may be adulterated by other species, contrary to the Pharmacopoeia standard. The safety, efficacy, and authenticity of Pheretima is an important issue. Currently, the availability of specific quality-markers for the various species and effective identification methods are still limited. In this study, label-free quantification proteomics of species from Pheretima and Amynthas was carried out using nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS), and marker peptides were identified based on their ion intensities using multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis). A total of 48,476 peptides with high confidence corresponding to 13,397 proteins were identified from all samples. The marker peptides were validated by comparison with synthetic peptide reference standards using LC-MS/MS operating in a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. A multiple-peptide identification strategy was proposed for the authentication of Pheretima and subsequently applied to samples obtained from retail outlets in various regions of China. The results showed that eight out of the 15 samples tested were deemed authentic Pheretima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiuhong Mao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiangyun Yang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Ltd, 27 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Ltd, 27 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Qing Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shen Ji
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Du C, Li Y, Xia X, Du E, Lin Y, Lian J, Ren C, Li S, Wei W, Qin Y. Identification of a novel collagen-like peptide by high-throughput screening for effective wound-healing therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:541-553. [PMID: 33493562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and wound healing are still serious clinical complications globally and lack satisfactory cures. Inspired by the impressive regeneration ability of the post-injury earthworms and their widely accepted medicinal properties, we screened and identified a novel collagen-like peptide from the amputated earthworms using high-throughput techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and mass spectrum. The identified collagen-like peptide col4a1 was cloned and expressed to comprehensively investigate the wound healing effect and underlying mechanism. It exerted significant effects on wound healing both in vitro and in vivo, including enhanced viability, proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, granulation, and collagen deposition. Moreover, the col4a1 functioned via binding with integrin α2β1 and upregulating the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. This work demonstrates that the novel collagen-like peptide col4a1 obtained from the amputated earthworms enables enhanced wound healing and provides new opportunities for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Xiaoling Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Erxia Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Yuhua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junyi Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Wei Wei
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yiru Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China.
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Li Z, Wei J, Xiao H, Zhu L, Weng X, Jin J, Zhang J, Wang H, Ge J, Tao T, Pei L, Dong X, Wang L. Bone-strengthening supplement (BSP) promotes bone and cartilage repair, for the treatment of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head: an MRI-based study. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7449-7455. [PMID: 31934292 PMCID: PMC6943448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no effective drug treatment is available for bone and joint disease, a disorder of the bone and cartilage cells. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is an example of bone and joint disease. It is progressive, with femoral head collapse resulting from the death of osteocytes and the bone marrow, leading to a poor quality of life and surgical interventions. However, the mechanism of this disease is still unknown, and the effects of current therapy are not satisfactory. In our previous study, we showed, using an ONFH rat model, that a new Chinese medicine, "bone-strengthening supplement" (BSP), enhances bone growth, promotes bone density, and restores blood circulation in the femoral head, and can significantly relieve pain, improve hip joint function, and reduce claudication. In the present study, we evaluated the curative effect of BSP in patients with ONFH using MRI with a double-blind randomized protocol. BSP significantly relieved pain unlike the control treatment; in addition, this treatment could improve MRI signal in ONFH patients. These results suggest that, overall; BSP can restore blood circulation and promote bone and cartilage growth during restoration of bone necrosis and the treatment of bone and joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan HospitalBeijing 100015, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jianxing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalBeijing 100007, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100102, China
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100102, China
| | - Heming Wang
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jirong Ge
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350003, China
| | - Tianzun Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Lingpeng Pei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, University of MINZUBeijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Zhongguancun HospitalBeijing 100190, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jianxing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalBeijing 100007, China
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Wang D, Cui L, Chang X, Guan D. Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Artemisia annua and investigate their effect on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in human osteoblast-like MG-63 Cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 202:111652. [PMID: 31760374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Biocompatibility and stability of nanoparticles using plants have been widely investigated due to its applications in the biomedical industry. Currently, there is a growing interest in nanoparticles in bone remodelling. Artemisia annua is an herbal plant commonly used in the treatment of various ailments. This study investigated the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the green synthesis technique from A. annua and the effects of A. annua ZnO-NPs on osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of osteoclast formation. The formulated ZnO-NPs from A. annua were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic methods Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method was adopted to test the antimicrobial efficacy of ZnO-NPs. The viability of MG-63 cells were assayed by MTT test and Osteogenic-related assays like Real-time PCR and Mineralization assay were adopted to determine the effects of A. annua ZnO-NPs on the multiplication and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The characterization of A. annua ZnO-NPs revealed the crystalline nature with high zinc content and the presence of bioactive compounds from A. annua extract. The synthesized A. annua ZnO-NPs indicate significant antimicrobial potential. Besides, A. annua ZnO-NPs enhanced the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization without causing significant cytotoxic impact on MG-63 cells. These effects indicate that A. annua ZnO-NPs can both stimulate bone formation via the differentiation of MG-63 cells. Hence, it was concluded that A. annua ZnO-NPs can be a promising agent for the treatment of bone deformities and bone-related diseases, however further research also required to explore the clear mechanism of A. annua ZnO-NPs in the formation and differentiation of MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lihuang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Dehong Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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Zhu X, Wu HY, Shaw PC, Peng W, Su W. Specific DNA identification of Pheretima in the Naoxintong capsule. Chin Med 2019; 14:41. [PMID: 31583012 PMCID: PMC6767644 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pheretima is a minister drug in Naoxintong capsule (NXTC), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Owing to the loss of morphological and microscopic characteristics and the lack of recognized chemical marker, it is difficult to identify Pheretima in NXTC. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using DNA techniques to authenticate Pheretima, especially when it is processed into NXTC. Methods DNA was extracted from crude drugs of the genuine and adulterant species, as well as nine batches of NXTCs. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, specific primers were designed for two genera of genuine species, Metaphire and Amynthas, respectively. PCR amplification was performed with the designed primers on crude drugs of Pheretima and NXTCs. The purified PCR products were sequenced and the obtained sequences were identified to species level with top hit of similarity with BLAST against GenBank nucleotide database. Results Primers MF2R2 and AF3R1 could amplify specific DNA fragments with sizes around 230–250 bp, both in crude drugs and NXTC. With sequencing and the BLAST search, identities of the tested samples were found. Conclusion This study indicated that the molecular approach is effective for identifying Pheretima in NXTC. Therefore, DNA identification may contribute to the quality control and assurance of NXTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhu
- 1Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Hoi-Yan Wu
- 2Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- 2Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China.,3Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China.,4School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Wei Peng
- 1Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Weiwei Su
- 1Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
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Deng Z, Gao S, Xiao X, Yin N, Ma S, Li W, Li Y. The effect of earthworm extract on mice S180 tumor growth and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108979. [PMID: 31100538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to explore the potential treatment for cancers, and the most common therapies include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As an alternative medication, earthworms have drawn increased attention considering its abundance in resource, easy access and minor side effects compared to traditional therapies. However, few studies had focused on the antitumor effect of earthworm-derived components. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether earthworm extract has an effect on tumor cell apoptosis and growth. Earthworm extract (EE) was purified through multiple steps of centrifugation and chromatography. Mice were inoculated with ascitic fluid derived from mice inoculated with S180 sarcoma tumor cells and fed orally with different amounts of EE for 25 days. Tumor samples were analyzed for size and cell apoptosis. And we found that the weight and sizes of tumor decreased gradually as the amount of EE administered increased. More apoptotic cells and lowered level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a biomarker of tumor invasiveness, was detected in EE-treated group than the untreated group. Our results suggested that EE could dramatically promote tumor apoptosis and reduce tumor size in vivo, suggesting a novel alternative therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 800045, CO, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- The Animal Health Inspection Institute of Yuelu District, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine (8-Year Program), Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyang Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine (8-Year Program), Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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11
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Kangquan Recipe Regulates the Expression of BAMBI Protein via the TGF- β/Smad Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6281819. [PMID: 31186664 PMCID: PMC6521302 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6281819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Kangquan Recipe (KQR) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound made by our research group for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Whether KQR can treat BPH as a single drug or play a role in the treatment of BPH in combination therapy needs further study. Aim of the Study To investigate the effect of KQR on the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related factors in rats with BPH. In-depth analysis revealed the relevant signal transduction mechanism by which KQR acts to treat BPH. Materials and Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of 8 rats each. In addition to the control group, 40 rats were castrated and then injected with testosterone propionate to form a prostatic hyperplasia model. After 30 days, three groups received different concentrations of KQR (14 g/kg, 7 g/kg, and 3.5 g/kg), and the finasteride group received 0.5 mg/kg finasteride. The BPH group and the control group received the same volume of saline. All groups were treated for a total of 30 days. Rat body weight, prostate volume, wet weight, index, histology, and the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, BAMBI, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in the prostate tissue were measured after the end of treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the BPH group had increased prostate wet weight, volume, and index, and the histology showed significant BPH. Compared with the BPH group, the three KQR groups and the finasteride group all had varying levels of reduction in the prostate wet weight, volume, and index of the prostate and varying degrees of improvement in the histological manifestations of BPH. KQR downregulates the mRNA and/or protein expression of TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and N-cadherin protein in prostate tissue and increases the mRNA and protein expression of BAMBI and E-cadherin protein. Conclusions In the model of BPH induced by testosterone propionate after castration, KQR can inhibit the conduction of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of BAMBI protein and reversing EMT in rat prostate tissue.
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Huang C, Li W, Zhang Q, Chen L, Chen W, Zhang H, Ni Y. Anti-inflammatory activities of Guang-Pheretima extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:46. [PMID: 29391009 PMCID: PMC5795835 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guang-Pheretima, which is originated from Pheretima aspergillum, has been documented in academic Chinese herbal studies for nearly 2000 years for its prominent treating effects of various inflammatory diseases such as asthma, cough and fever. However, the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of Guang-Pheretima has been rarely reported. Hence, we investigated the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of Guang-Pheretima aqueous extracts on inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. METHOD RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with various concentrations of Guang-Pheretima decoction (GPD) or protein-free Guang-Pheretima decoction (PF-GPD) and subsequently stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger the inflammatory response. Productions of nitric oxide (NO) were determined by Griess reaction, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The protein expressions and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) amounts of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were analyzed by Western Blot and Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Finally, the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was observed by Western Blot. RESULTS GPD of the experimental concentrations showed no anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, PF-GPD at concentrations of 40-320 μg/mL significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced the production of inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, as well as the related key synthases including iNOS and COX-2. Moreover, PF-GPD markedly suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the excellent anti-inflammatory properties of PF-GPD, and suggest that Guang-Pheretima may be used to treat and prevent certain inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital), 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qiufeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 232 Wai Huan Road East, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Wang D, Calabrese EJ, Lian B, Lin Z, Calabrese V. Hormesis as a mechanistic approach to understanding herbal treatments in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 184:42-50. [PMID: 29080703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been long practiced and is becoming ever more widely recognized as providing curative and/or healing treatments for a number of diseases and physiological conditions. This paper posits that herbal medicines used in TCM treatments may act through hormetic dose-response mechanisms. It is proposed that the stimulatory (i.e., low dose) and inhibitory (i.e., high dose) components of the hormetic dose response correspond to respective "regulating" and "curing" aspects of TCM herbal treatments. Specifically, the "regulating" functions promote adaptive or preventive responses, while "curing" treatments alleviate the clinical symptoms. Patterns of hormetic responses are described, and the applicability of these processes to herbal medicines of TCM are explicated. It is noted that a research agenda aimed at elucidating these mechanisms and patterns would be expansive and complex. However, we argue its value, in that hormesis may afford something akin to a Rosetta Stone with which to interpret, translate, and explain TCM herbology in ways that are aligned with biomedical perspectives that could enable a more integrative approach to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Baoling Lian
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Wang Q, Duan LX, Xu ZS, Wang JG, Xi SM. The protective effect of the earthworm active ingredients on hepatocellular injury induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:304-11. [PMID: 27470367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The earthworm is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine. There are more than 40 prescriptions including earthworms in the "Compendium of Materia Medica". TCM theory holds that earthworms exert antispasmodic and antipyretic effects through the liver meridian to calm the liver. However, the clinical effect of earthworms on liver injury has not been clearly demonstrated. We have previously established a method to extract the active ingredients from earthworms (hereinafter referred to as EWAs) [1]. In the present study, we observed protective effect of the EWAs on tunicamycin-induced ERS (endoplasmic reticulum stress) model in human hepatic L02 cells. The results showed that the EWAs promote proliferation and reduced apoptosis of ERS model in L02 cells (P<0.01). The up-regulation of ERS-related proteins, including PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), eIF2a (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a), ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) and CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein), in L02 cell under ERS was inhibited by treatment of the EWAs (P<0.01). In summary, our data suggest the EWAs can significant attenuate ERS-induced hepatocyte injury via PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Leng-Xin Duan
- Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Zheng-Shun Xu
- Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Wang
- Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shou-Min Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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An intelligentized strategy for endogenous small molecules characterization and quality evaluation of earthworm from two geographic origins by ultra-high performance HILIC/QTOF MSE and Progenesis QI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3881-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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