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Teclegeorgish ZW, Mokgalaka NS, Kemboi D, Krause RWM, Siwe-Noundou X, Nyemba GR, Davison C, de la Mare JA, Tembu VJ. Phytochemicals from Pterocarpus angolensis DC and Their Cytotoxic Activities against Breast Cancer Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:301. [PMID: 38276759 PMCID: PMC10818308 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pterocarpus anglonesis DC is an indigenous medicinal plant belonging to the Pterocarpus genus of the Fabaceae family. It is used to treat stomach problems, headaches, mouth ulcers, malaria, blackwater fever, gonorrhea, ringworm, diarrhea, heavy menstruation, and breast milk stimulation. Column chromatography of the stem bark extracts resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, which included friedelan-3-one (1), 3α-hydroxyfriedel-2-one (2), 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one (3), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (4), Stigmasta-5-22-dien-3-ol (5), 4-O-methylangolensis (6), (3β)-3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7), and tetradecyl (E)-ferulate (8). The structures were established based on NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopic analyses. Triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), and non-cancerous mammary epithelial cell lines (MCF-12A) were used to test the compounds' cytotoxicity. Overall, the compounds showed either no toxicity or very low toxicity to all three cell lines tested, except for the moderate toxicity displayed by lupeol (4) towards the non-cancerous MCF-12A cells, with an IC50 value of 36.60 μM. Compound (3β)-3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7) was more toxic towards hormone-responsive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells than either triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70) or non-cancerous breast epithelial (MCF-12A) cells (IC50 values of 83.06 vs. 146.80 and 143.00 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecarias W. Teclegeorgish
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kabianga, Kericho 2030-20200, Kenya
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, P.O. Box 60, Medunsa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Getrude R. Nyemba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Candace Davison
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
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Zavareh VA, Gharibi S, Hosseini Rizi M, Nekookar A, Mirhendi H, Rahimmalek M, Szumny A. Satureja bachtiarica Induces Cancer Cell Death in Breast and Glioblastoma Cancer in 2D/3D Models and Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2713. [PMID: 38067141 PMCID: PMC10706021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming drug resistance and specifically targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical challenges in improving cancer therapy. Nowadays, the use of novel and native medicinal plants can provide new sources for further investigations for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of S. bachtiarica, an endemic plant with diverse medicinal applications, in suppressing and targeting cancer and cancer stem cells in glioblastoma and breast cancer. The effect of S. bachtiarica on viability, migration, invasion, and clonogenic potential of MDAMB-231 and U87-MG cells was assessed in both two- and three-dimensional cell culture models. Additionally, we evaluated its effects on the self-renewal capacity of mammospheres. The experimental outcomes indicated that S. bachtiarica decreased the viability and growth rate of cells and spheroids by inducing apoptosis and inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion of cells and spheroids. Additionally, colony and sphere-forming ability, as well as the expression of genes associated with EMT and stemness were reduced in mammospheres treated with S. bachtiarica. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the anti-cancer effects of S. bachtiarica, particularly in relation to breast CSCs. Therefore, S. bachtiarica may be a potential adjuvant for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian Zavareh
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mahnaz Hosseini Rizi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Abdolhossein Nekookar
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (V.A.Z.); (S.G.); (M.H.R.); (A.N.); (H.M.)
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Miraj S, Saeed H, Iqtedar M, Albekairi NA, Ahmed N, Danish MZ, Islam M, Rasool MF, Deen KM, Rathore HA. Docetaxel-Loaded Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (L-lactic Acid) Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer: Synthesis, Characterization, Method Validation, and Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1600. [PMID: 38004465 PMCID: PMC10675362 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize DTX-mPEG-PLA-NPs along with the development and validation of a simple, accurate, and reproducible method for the determination and quantification of DTX in mPEG-PLA-NPs. The prepared NPs were characterized using AFM, DLS, zetasizer, and drug release kinetic profiling. The RP-HPLC assay was developed for DTX detection. The cytotoxicity and anti-clonogenic effects were estimated using MTT and clonogenic assays, respectively, using both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in a 2D and 3D culture system. The developed method showed a linear response, high precision, accuracy, RSD values of ≤2%, and a tailing factor ≤2, per ICH guidelines. The DTX-mPEG-PLA-NPs exhibited an average particle size of 264.3 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 62.22%. The in vitro drug kinetic profile, as per the Krosmeyers-Peppas model, demonstrated Fickian diffusion, with initial biphasic release and a multistep sustained release over 190 h. The MTT assay revealed improved in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in the 2D cultures and MCF-7 3D mammosphere cultures. Significant inhibitions of the clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-231 were observed for all concentrations of DTX-mPEG-PLA-NPs. Our results highlight the feasibility of detecting DTX via the robust RP-HPLC method and using DTX-mPEG-PLA-NPs as a perceptible and biocompatible delivery vehicle with greater cytotoxic and anti-clonogenic potential, supporting improved outcomes in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Miraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.Z.D.); (M.I.)
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.Z.D.); (M.I.)
| | - Mehwish Iqtedar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Danish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.Z.D.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.Z.D.); (M.I.)
| | | | - Kashif Mairaj Deen
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Firouzi J, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Shokouhifar A, Rahimi M, Sodeifi N, Sahranavardfar P, Azimi M, Janzamin E, Safa M, Ebrahimi M. Silibinin exhibits anti-tumor effects in a breast cancer stem cell model by targeting stemness and induction of differentiation and apoptosis. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:415-429. [PMID: 36381630 PMCID: PMC9596878 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant breast cancer (BC) frequently contains a rare population of cells called cancer stem cells which underlie tumor relapse and metastasis, and targeting these cells may improve treatment options and outcomes for patients with BC. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of silibinin on the self-renewal capacity, tumorgenicity, and metastatic potential of mammospheres. Methods: The effect of silibinin on viability and proliferation of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 mammospheres, and MDA-MB-468 cell aggregation was determined after 72-120 hours of treatment. Colony and sphere formation ability, and the expression of stemness, differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-associated genes were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in mammospheres treated with an IC50 dose of silibinin. Additionally, the antitumor capacity of silibinin was assessed in vivo, in mice. Results: The results of the present study showed that silibinin decreased the viability of all mammospheres derived from MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cell aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Colony and sphere-forming ability, as well as the expression of genes associated with EMT were reduced in mammospheres treated with silibinin. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with stemness and metastasis was also decreased and the expression of genes associated with differentiation were increased. Intra-tumoral injection of 2 mg/kg silibinin decreased tumor volumes in mice by 2.8 fold. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that silibinin may have exerted its anti-tumor effects in BC by targeting the BC stem cells, reducing the tumorgenicity and metastasis. Therefore, silibinin may be a potential adjuvant for treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Firouzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | | | - Alireza Shokouhifar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | - Mahsa Rahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | - Niloufar Sodeifi
- Department of Pathology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Parisa Sahranavardfar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | - Masoumeh Azimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | - Ehsan Janzamin
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148
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Morphometrical, Morphological, and Immunocytochemical Characterization of a Tool for Cytotoxicity Research: 3D Cultures of Breast Cell Lines Grown in Ultra-Low Attachment Plates. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080415. [PMID: 35893848 PMCID: PMC9394479 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures may better mimic avascular tumors. Yet, they still lack characterization and standardization. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) generate multicellular aggregates (MCAs) of four breast cell lines: MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 (tumoral) and MCF12A (non-tumoral) using ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, (b) detail the methodology used for their formation and analysis, providing technical tips, and (c) characterize the MCAs using morphometry, qualitative cytology (at light and electron microscopy), and quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. Each cell line generated uniform MCAs with structural differences among cell lines: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 MCAs showed an ellipsoid/discoid shape and compact structure, while MCF12A and SKBR3 MCAs were loose, more flattened, and presented bigger areas. MCF7 MCAs revealed glandular breast differentiation features. ICC showed a random distribution of the proliferating and apoptotic cells throughout the MCAs, not fitting in the traditional spheroid model. ICC for cytokeratin, vimentin, and E-cadherin showed different results according to the cell lines. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were positive only in MCF7 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in SKBR3. The presented characterization of the MCAs in non-exposed conditions provided a good baseline to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of potential anticancer compounds.
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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Nie Z, Chen M, Gao Y, Huang D, Cao H, Peng Y, Guo N, Wang F, Zhang S. Ferroptosis and Tumor Drug Resistance: Current Status and Major Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879317. [PMID: 35668934 PMCID: PMC9163417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death, whose unique metabolic characteristics are commonly used to evaluate the conditions of various diseases especially in tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that ferroptosis can regulate tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Considering to the important role of chemotherapy in tumor treatment, drug resistance has become the most serious challenge. Revealing the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis is expected to solve tumor drug resistance and find new therapies to treat cancers. In this review, we discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and tumor drug resistance, summarize the abnormal ferroptosis in tissues of different cancer types and current research progress and challenges in overcoming treatment resistance, and explore the concept of targeting ferroptosis to improve tumor treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Nie
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Guo
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
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Li X, Li X, Zhang B, He B. The Role of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Progression. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9133658. [PMID: 35571530 PMCID: PMC9095362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9133658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small portion of tumor cells with self-renewal ability in tumor tissues and are a key factor in tumor resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. CSCs produce a large number of exosomes through various mechanisms, such as paracrine and autocrine signaling. Studies have shown that CSC-derived exosomes (CSC-Exos) carry a variety of gene mutations and specific epigenetic modifications indicative of unique cell phenotypes and metabolic pathways, enabling exchange of information in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, CSC-Exos carry a variety of metabolites, especially proteins and miRNAs, which can activate signaling pathways to further promote tumor development. CSC-Exos have dual effects on cancer development. Due to advances in liquid biopsy technology for early cancer detection, CSCs-Exos may become an important tool for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery. In this article, we will review how CSC-Exos exert the above effects based on the above two aspects and explore their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Malhão F, Macedo AC, Costa C, Rocha E, Ramos AA. Fucoxanthin Holds Potential to Become a Drug Adjuvant in Breast Cancer Treatment: Evidence from 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144288. [PMID: 34299562 PMCID: PMC8304772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a carotenoid derived from marine organisms that exhibits anticancer activities. However, its role as a potential drug adjuvant in breast cancer (BC) treatment is still poorly explored. Firstly, this study investigated the cytotoxic effects of Fx alone and combined with doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis) on a panel of 2D-cultured BC cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) and one non-tumoral cell line (MCF12A). Fucoxanthin induced cytotoxicity against all the cell lines and potentiated Dox cytotoxic effects towards the SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination triggering the highest cytotoxicity (Fx 10 µM + Dox 1 µM in MDA-MB-231) additionally showed significant induction of cell death and genotoxic effects, relative to control. In sequence, the same combination was tested on 3D cultures using a multi-endpoint approach involving bioactivity assays and microscopy techniques. Similar to 2D cultures, the combination of Fx and Dox showed higher cytotoxic effects on 3D cultures compared to the isolated compounds. Furthermore, this combination increased the number of apoptotic cells, decreased cell proliferation, and caused structural and ultrastructural damages on the 3D models. Overall, our findings suggest Fx has potential to become an adjuvant for Dox chemotherapy regimens in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malhão
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Macedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Zuo W, Kwok HF. Development of Marine-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060342. [PMID: 34203870 PMCID: PMC8232666 DOI: 10.3390/md19060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been a threat to human health with its high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, plays a key role in cancer treatment. However, it is not able to prevent tumor recurrence, drug resistance and treatment side effects, which makes it a very attractive challenge to search for new effective and specific anticancer drugs. Nature is a valuable source of multiple pharmaceuticals, and most of the anticancer drugs are natural products or derived from them. Marine-derived compounds, such as nucleotides, proteins, peptides and amides, have also shed light on cancer therapy, and they are receiving a fast-growing interest due to their bioactive properties. Their mechanisms contain anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis activities; cell cycle arrest; and induction of apoptosis. This review provides an overview on the development of marine-derived compounds with anticancer properties, both their applications and mechanisms, and discovered technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zuo
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macao;
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macao;
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fucoxanthin and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102379. [PMID: 34069132 PMCID: PMC8156579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is suggested to be preventable by certain food intakes. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is an anticancer agent contained abundantly in edible brown algae. However, epidemiological studies, in vivo and in vitro experiments for CRC, using Fx and Fx-rich foods, have not been fully outlined. To date, it has been reported that Fx, its metabolite of fucoxanthinol (FxOH) and Fx-rich algal extracts exerted anticancer potentials in human CRC cell lines, their cancer stem-cells-like spheroids and CRC animal models through a number of molecular mechanisms. Moreover, many in vivo experiments and interventional human trials have demonstrated that Fx, Fx-rich algal extracts and brown alga itself may improve CRC and/or certain risks, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidation, tumor microenvironment and/or gut microbiota. This review is the first report that summarizes the improving effects by Fx, FxOH and its rich brown algae for CRC and the risk factors. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks among the top 10 most prevalent cancers, can obtain a good outcome with appropriate surgery and/or chemotherapy. However, the global numbers of both new cancer cases and death from CRC are expected to increase up to 2030. Diet-induced lifestyle modification is suggested to be effective in reducing the risk of human CRC; therefore, interventional studies using diets or diet-derived compounds have been conducted to explore the prevention of CRC. Fucoxanthin (Fx), a dietary carotenoid, is predominantly contained in edible brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Himanthalia elongata (Sea spaghetti), which are consumed particularly frequently in Asian countries but also in some Western countries. Fx is responsible for a majority of the anticancer effects exerted by the lipophilic bioactive compounds in those algae. Interventional human trials have shown that Fx and brown algae mitigate certain risk factors for CRC; however, the direct mechanisms underlying the anti-CRC properties of Fx remain elusive. Fx and its deacetylated type “fucoxanthinol” (FxOH) have been reported to exert potential anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models through the suppression of many cancer-related signal pathways and the tumor microenvironment or alteration of the gut microbiota. We herein review the most recent studies on Fx as a potential candidate drug for CRC prevention.
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Sales-Dias J, Ferreira A, Lamy M, Domenici G, Monteiro SMS, Pires A, Lemos AR, Kucheryava K, Nobre LS, Sousa PMF, Bandeiras TM, Silva G, Barbas A. Development of antibodies against the notch ligand Delta-Like-1 by phage display with activity against breast cancer cells. N Biotechnol 2021; 64:17-26. [PMID: 33992842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling is a well-established oncogenic pathway, and its ligand Delta-like 1 (DLL1) is overexpressed in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers and associated with poor patient prognosis. Hence, DLL1 has become an interesting therapeutic target for breast cancer. Here, the development of specific functional blocking anti-DLL1 antibodies with potential activity against ER+ breast cancer cells is reported. Human DLL1 proteins, containing the essential regions for binding to the Notch receptor and Notch signalling activation, were produced and used to select specific scFv antibody fragments by phage display. Fifteen unique scFvs were identified and reformatted into full IgGs. Characterization of these antibodies by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry enabled selection of three specific anti-DLL1 IgGs, sharing identical VH regions, with nM affinities. Cellular assays on ER+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells showed that one of the IgGs (IgG-69) was able to partially impair DLL1-mediated activation of the Notch pathway, as determined by Notch reporter and RT-qPCR assays, and to attenuate cell growth. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with IgG-69 reduced mammosphere formation, suggesting that it decreases the breast cancer stem cell subpopulation. These results support the use of this strategy to develop and identify potential anti-DLL1 antibodies candidates against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sales-Dias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Márcia Lamy
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra M S Monteiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Pires
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana R Lemos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Khrystyna Kucheryava
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia S Nobre
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; Bayer Portugal, LDA, Rua Quinta Do Pinheiro, Carnaxide, 2790-143, Portugal.
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13
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Kimani S, Chakraborty S, Irene I, de la Mare J, Edkins A, du Toit A, Loos B, Blanckenberg A, Van Niekerk A, Costa-Lotufo LV, ArulJothi KN, Mapolie S, Prince S. The palladacycle, BTC2, exhibits anti-breast cancer and breast cancer stem cell activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114598. [PMID: 33979647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In women globally, breast cancer is responsible for most cancer-related deaths and thus, new effective therapeutic strategies are required to treat this malignancy. Platinum-based compounds like cisplatin are widely used to treat breast cancer, however, they come with limitations such as poor solubility, adverse effects, and drug resistance. To overcome these limitations, complexes containing other platinum group metals such as palladium have been studied and some have already entered clinical trials. Here we investigated the anti-cancer activity of a palladium complex, BTC2, in MCF-7 oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 triple negative (TN) human breast cancer cells as well as in a human breast cancer xenograft chick embryo model. BTC2 exhibited an average IC50 value of 0.54 μM, a desirable selectivity index of >2, inhibited the migration of ER+ and TN breast cancer cells, and displayed anti-cancer stem cell activity. We demonstrate that BTC2 induced DNA double strand breaks (increased levels of γ-H2AX) and activated the p-ATM/p-CHK2 and p-p38/MAPK pathways resulting in S- and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrests. Importantly, BTC2 sensitised breast cancer cells by triggering the intrinsic (cleaved caspase 9) and extrinsic (cleaved caspase 8) apoptotic as well as necroptotic (p-RIP3 and p-MLKL) cell death pathways and inhibiting autophagy and its pro-survival role. Furthermore, in the xenograft in vivo model, BTC2 displayed limited toxicity and arrested the tumour growth of breast cancer cells over a 9-day period in a manner comparable to that of the positive control drug, paclitaxel. BTC2 thus displayed promising anti-breast cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serah Kimani
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Suparna Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ikponmwosa Irene
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jo de la Mare
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - André du Toit
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Angelique Blanckenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Annick Van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K N ArulJothi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Selwyn Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
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Hermawan A, Khumaira A, Ikawati M, Putri H, Jenie RI, Angraini SM, Muflikhasari HA. Identification of key genes of hesperidin in inhibition of breast cancer stem cells by functional network analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 90:107427. [PMID: 33360419 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer therapy with classical chemotherapy is unable to eradicate breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Loss of p53 function causes growth and differentiation in cancer stem cells (CSCs); therefore, p53-targeted compounds can be developed for BCSCs-targeted drugs. Previously, hesperidin (HES), a citrus flavonoid, showed anticancer activities and increased efficacy of chemotherapy in several types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. This study was aimed to explore the key protein and molecular mechanism of hesperidin in the inhibition of BCSCs using bioinformatics and in vitro study. Bioinformatics analysis revealed about 75 potential therapeutic target proteins of HES in BCSCs (TH), in which TP53 was the only direct target protein (DTP) with a high degree score. Furthermore, the results of GO enrichment analysis showed that TH was taken part in the biological process of regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis also showed that TH is involved in several pathways, including cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway. In vitro experiment results showed that HES inhibited cell proliferation, mammosphere, and a colony formation, and migration in on MCF-7 3D cells (mammospheres). HES induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells 3D. In addition, HES treatment reduced the mRNA level of p21 but increased the mRNA level of cyclin D1 and p53 in the mammosphere. HES inhibits BCSCs in mammospheres. More importantly, this study highlighted p53 as a key protein in inhibition of BCSCs by HES. Future studies on the molecular mechanism are needed to validate the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Annisa Khumaira
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Study Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Aisyiah Yogyakarta, Jalan Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Nogotirto, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55592, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sonia Meta Angraini
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Haruma Anggraini Muflikhasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Alves C, Serrano E, Silva J, Rodrigues C, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Botana LM, Alpoim MC, Pedrosa R. Sphaerococcus coronopifolius bromoterpenes as potential cancer stem cell-targeting agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110275. [PMID: 32480221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major threats to human health and, due to distinct factors, it is expected that its incidence will increase in the next decades leading to an urgent need of new anticancer drugs development. Ongoing experimental and clinical observations propose that cancer cells with stem-like properties (CSCs) are involved on the development of lung cancer chemoresistance. As tumour growth and metastasis can be controlled by tumour-associated stromal cells, the main goal of this study was to access the antitumor potential of five bromoterpenes isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius red alga to target CSCs originated in a co-culture system of fibroblast and lung malignant cells. Cytotoxicity of compounds (10-500 μM; 72 h) was evaluated on monocultures of several malignant and non-malignant cells lines (HBF, BEAS-2B, RenG2, SC-DRenG2) and the effects estimated by MTT assay. Co-cultures of non-malignant human bronchial fibroblasts (HBF) and malignant human bronchial epithelial cells (RenG2) were implemented and the compounds ability to selectively kill CSCs was evaluated by sphere forming assay. The interleucine-6 (IL-6) levels were also determined as cytokine is crucial for CSCs. Regarding the monocultures results bromosphaerol selectively eliminated the malignant cells. Both 12S-hydroxy-bromosphaerol and 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol steroisomers were cytotoxic towards non-malignant bronchial BEAS-2B cell line, IC50 of 4.29 and 4.30 μM respectively. However, none of the steroisomers induced damage in the HBFs. As to the co-cultures, 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol revealed the highest cytotoxicity and ability to abrogate the malignant stem cells; however its effects were IL-6 independent. The results presented here are the first evidence of the potential of these bromoterpenes to abrogate CSCs opening new research opportunities. The 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol revealed to be the most promising compound to be test in more complex living models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Eurico Serrano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carlos Rodrigues
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Aveiro, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Science, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria C Alpoim
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
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Cotas J, Marques V, Afonso MB, Rodrigues CMP, Pereira L. Antitumour Potential of Gigartina pistillata Carrageenans against Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell-Enriched Tumourspheres. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E50. [PMID: 31940929 PMCID: PMC7024308 DOI: 10.3390/md18010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gigartina pistillata is a red seaweed common in Figueira da Foz, Portugal. Here, the antitumour potential of G. pistillata carrageenan, with a known variable of the life cycle, the female gametophyte (FG) and tetrasporophyte (T) was evaluated against colorectal cancer stem cell (CSC) -enriched tumourspheres. FTIR-ATR analysis of G. pistillata carrageenan extracts indicated differences between life cycle phases, being FG a κ/ι hybrid carrageenan and T a ʎ/ξ hybrid. Both carrageenan extracts presented IC50 values inferior to 1 μg/mL in HT29-derived CSC-enriched tumourspheres, as well as reduced tumoursphere area. The two extracts were also effective at reducing cellular viability in SW620- and SW480-derived tumourspheres. These results indicate that carrageenans extracted from two G. pistillata life cycle phases have antitumour potential against colorectal cancer stem-like cells, specially the T carrageenan.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Marta B. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Lefranc F, Koutsaviti A, Ioannou E, Kornienko A, Roussis V, Kiss R, Newman D. Algae metabolites: from in vitro growth inhibitory effects to promising anticancer activity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:810-841. [PMID: 30556575 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1957 to 2017 Algae constitute a heterogeneous group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, mainly found in the marine environment. Algae produce numerous metabolites that help them cope with the harsh conditions of the marine environment. Because of their structural diversity and uniqueness, these molecules have recently gained a lot of interest for the identification of medicinally useful agents, including those with potential anticancer activities. In the current review, which is not a catalogue-based one, we first highlight the major biological events that lead to various types of cancer, including metastatic ones, to chemoresistance, thus to any types of current anticancer treatment relating to the use of chemotherapeutics. We then review algal metabolites for which scientific literature reports anticancer activity. Lastly, we focus on algal metabolites with promising anticancer activity based on their ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. Thus, we highlight compounds that have, among others, one or more of the following characteristics: selectivity in reducing the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, potential for killing cancer cells through non-apoptotic signaling pathways, ability to circumvent MDR-related efflux pumps, and activity in vivo in relevant pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6688. [PMID: 31040372 PMCID: PMC6491486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the US are early-stage lesions. The etiological understanding and treatment of these lesions have become major clinical challenges. Because breast cancer risk factors are often linked to aberrant nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that abnormal NO levels might contribute to the formation of early-stage breast lesions. We recently reported that the basal level of NO in the normal breast epithelia plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, whereas its reduction contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we show that the basal level of NO in breast cells plummets during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH4, under oxidative stress. Importantly, pharmacological deprivation of NO in prepubertal to pubertal animals stiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues. These lesions overexpress a fibrogenic cytokine, TGFβ, and an oncogene, ERBB2, accompanied by the occurrence of senescence and stem cell-like phenotype. Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorates their proliferative phenotype. This study sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential prevention by manipulating the basal NO level.
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Bailey PC, Lee RM, Vitolo MI, Pratt SJP, Ory E, Chakrabarti K, Lee CJ, Thompson KN, Martin SS. Single-Cell Tracking of Breast Cancer Cells Enables Prediction of Sphere Formation from Early Cell Divisions. iScience 2018; 8:29-39. [PMID: 30268511 PMCID: PMC6170521 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammosphere assay has become widely employed to quantify stem-like cells in a population. However, the problem is there is no standard protocol employed by the field. Cell seeding densities of 1,000 to 100,000 cells/mL have been reported. These high densities lead to cellular aggregation. To address this, we have individually tracked 1,127 single MCF-7 and 696 single T47D human breast tumor cells by eye over the course of 14 days. This tracking has given us detailed information for the commonly used endpoints of 5, 7, and 14 days that is unclouded by cellular aggregation. This includes mean sphere sizes, sphere-forming efficiencies, and a well-defined minimum size for both lines. Importantly, we have correlated early cell division with eventual sphere formation. At 24 hr post seeding, we can predict the total spheres on day 14 with 98% accuracy in both lines. This approach removes cell aggregation and potentially shortens a 5- to 14-day assay to a 24 hours. Single-cell tracking removes confounding aggregation from the mammosphere assay Tracking reveals sphere-forming efficiencies much higher than commonly reported True clonal spheres are smaller than commonly reported At 24 hours, tracking can predict total day 14 spheres with 98% accuracy
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Bailey
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rachel M Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor Ory
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kristi Chakrabarti
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cornell J Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Cheng Q, Chen A, Du Q, Liao Q, Shuai Z, Chen C, Yang X, Hu Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Wen GR, An J, Jing H, Tuo B, Xie R, Xu J. Novel insights into ion channels in cancer stem cells (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1435-1441. [PMID: 30066845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are immortal cells in tumor tissues that have been proposed as the driving force of tumorigenesis and tumor invasion. Previously, ion channels were revealed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that ion channels are present in various CSCs; however, the functions of ion channels and their mechanisms in CSCs remain unknown. The present review aimed to focus on the roles of ion channels in the regulation of CSC behavior and the CSC-like properties of cancer cells. Evaluation of the relationship between ion channels and CSCs is critically important for understanding malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijiao Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Anhai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhangli Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Changmei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yaxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ju Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Songpo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guo Rong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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21
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Leung HW, Ko CH, Yue GGL, Herr I, Lau CBS. The natural agent 4-vinylphenol targets metastasis and stemness features in breast cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:185-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Jafari SM, Joshaghani HR, Panjehpour M, Aghaei M. A2B adenosine receptor agonist induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 41:61-72. [PMID: 29218545 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a crucial role in the development, recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Targeting signaling pathways in CSCs is considered to be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the role of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) and its associated signaling pathways in governing the proliferation and viability of breast cancer cell line derived CSCs. METHODS CSCs were isolated from the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 using a mammosphere assay. The effect of the A2BAR agonist BAY606583 on cell proliferation was evaluated using XTT and mammosphere formation assays, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin-V staining and cell cycle analyses were performed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cyclin-D1, CDK-4 and (phosphorylated) ERK1/2 were assessed using Western blotting. RESULTS Our data revealed that the breast cancer cell line derived mammospheres were enriched for CSCs. We also found that A2BAR stimulation with its agonist BAY606583 inhibited mammosphere formation and CSC viability. In addition, we found that the application of BAY606583 led to CSC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the cyclin-D1/Cdk-4 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways, respectively. Notably, we found that BAY606583 significantly down-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the breast cancer cell line derived CSCs. CONCLUSIONS From our results we conclude that A2BAR induces breast CSC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through downregulation of the ERK1/2 cascade. As such, A2BAR may be considered as a novel target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Biochemistry & Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Medical Laboratory Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran. .,Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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23
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Subramani R, Lakshmanaswamy R. Pregnancy and Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:81-111. [PMID: 29096898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women worldwide. The majority of breast cancers are sporadic and the etiology is not well understood. Several factors have been attributed to altering the risk of breast cancer. A full-term pregnancy is a crucial factor in altering the risk. Early full-term pregnancy has been shown to reduce the lifetime risk of breast cancer, while a later first full-term pregnancy increases breast cancer risk. Epidemiological and experimental data demonstrate that spontaneous or induced abortions do not significantly alter the risk of breast cancer. In this study, we briefly discuss the different types and stages of breast cancer, various risk factors, and potential mechanisms involved in early full-term pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer. Understanding how early full-term pregnancy induces protection against breast cancer will help design innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. This understanding can also help in the development of molecular biomarkers that can be of tremendous help in predicting the risk of breast cancer in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
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24
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Dziwornu GA, Caira MR, Mare JADL, Edkins AL, Bolton JJ, Beukes DR, Sunassee SN. Isolation, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity of New Metabolites from the South African Endemic Red Algal Species Laurencia alfredensis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040513. [PMID: 28333106 PMCID: PMC6154597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine red algae of the genus Laurencia have been widely studied for their structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. We report here the natural product investigation of the organic extract of a newly identified South African endemic species, Laurencia alfredensis. A sequence of column chromatography, preparative TLC and normal phase HPLC resulted in the isolation of eleven compounds comprising three labdane-type diterpenes (1–3), four polyether triterpenes (4–7), three cholestane-type ecdysteroids (8–10) and a glycolipid (11). Compounds 1–3, 5–8 and 10 have not previously been reported, while compound 9 is reported here for the first time from a natural source and the known compound 11 isolated for the first time from the genus Laurencia. The structural elucidation and the relative configuration assignments of the compounds were accomplished by extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV and IR spectroscopic techniques, while the absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated against the MDA-MB-231 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. Compound 2 exhibited low micromolar antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 9.3 µM) against the triple negative breast carcinoma and compound 7 was similarly active (IC50 = 8.8 µM) against the cervical cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin A Dziwornu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Mino R Caira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - John J Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
- Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Denzil R Beukes
- School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Suthananda N Sunassee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
- Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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25
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de la Mare JA, Jurgens T, Edkins AL. Extracellular Hsp90 and TGFβ regulate adhesion, migration and anchorage independent growth in a paired colon cancer cell line model. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:202. [PMID: 28302086 PMCID: PMC5356307 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour metastasis remains the major cause of death in cancer patients and, to date, the mechanism and signalling pathways governing this process are not completely understood. The TGF-β pathway is the most commonly mutated pathway in cancer, however its role in cancer progression is controversial as it can function as both a promoter and a suppressor of metastasis. Although previous studies have suggested a role for the molecular chaperone Hsp90 in regulating the TGF-β pathway, the level at which this occurs as well as the consequences in terms of colon cancer metastasis are unknown. Methods The paired SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines, derived from a primary tumour and its lymph node metastasis, respectively, were used as an in vitro model to study key cellular processes required for metastasis. The status of the TGF-β pathway was examined in these cells using ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of addition or inhibition of the TGF-β pathway and Hsp90 on adhesion, migration and anchorage-independent growth, was determined in the cell lines. Results When comparing the canonical TGF-β1 pathway in the genetically paired cell lines our data suggests that this pathway may be constitutively active in the SW620 metastasis-derived cell line and not the SW480 primary tumour-derived line. In addition, we report that, when present in combination, TGF-β1 and Hsp90β stimulate anchorage-independent growth, reduce adhesion and stimulate migration. This effect is potentiated by inhibition of the TGF-β1 receptor and occurs via an alternate TGF-β1 pathway, mediated by αvβ6 integrin. Interestingly, in the SW620 cells, activation of this alternate TGF-β1 signalling machinery does not appear to require inhibition of the canonical TGF-β1 receptor, which would allow them to respond more effectively to the pro-metastasis stimulus of a combination of Hsp90β and TGF-β1 and this could account for the increased migratory capacity of these cells. Conclusions In this study we report an apparent synergy between TGF-β1 and Hsp90β in stimulating migratory behaviour of colon cancer cells when signalling occurs via αvβ6 integrin as opposed to the canonical TGF-β1 pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3190-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne de la Mare
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
| | - Tamarin Jurgens
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa.
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Van Pham P, Vu BT, Lu-Chinh Phan N, Le HT, Phan NK. In vitro spontaneous differentiation of human breast cancer stem cells and methods to control this process. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Wahler J, So JY, Cheng LC, Maehr H, Uskokovic M, Suh N. Vitamin D compounds reduce mammosphere formation and decrease expression of putative stem cell markers in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:148-55. [PMID: 25445919 PMCID: PMC4361333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that are believed to be the cells responsible for the establishment and maintenance of tumors. Moreover, BCSCs are suggested to be the main cause of progression to metastasis and recurrence of cancer because of their tumor-initiating abilities and resistance to conventional therapies. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an early precursor in breast carcinogenesis which progresses to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We have previously reported that a vitamin D compound, BXL0124, inhibits the progression of DCIS to IDC. In the present study we sought to determine whether this effect was mediated through an influence on BCSCs. In MCF10DCIS cells treated with vitamin D compounds (1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124), the breast cancer stem cell-like population, identified by the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) and CD49f(+)/CD24(-/low) subpopulations, was reduced. To determine the effects of vitamin D compounds on cancer stem cell activity, the MCF10DCIS mammosphere cell culture system, which enriches for mammary progenitor cells and putative BCSCs, was utilized. Untreated MCF10DCIS mammospheres showed a disorganized and irregular shape. When MCF10DCIS cells were treated with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124, the mammospheres that formed exhibited a more organized, symmetrical and circular shape, similar to the appearance of spheres formed by the non-malignant, normal mammary epithelial cell line, MCF10A. The mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) was significantly decreased upon treatment with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124, indicating that these compounds have an inhibitory effect on mammosphere development. Treatment with 1α25(OH)2D3 or BXL0124 repressed markers associated with the stem cell-like phenotype, such as CD44, CD49f, c-Notch1, and pNFκB. Furthermore, 1α25(OH)2D3 and BXL0124 reduced the expression of pluripotency markers, OCT4 and KLF-4 in mammospheres. This study suggests that vitamin D compounds repress the breast cancer stem cell-like population, potentially contributing to their inhibition of breast cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jae Young So
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Larry C Cheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hubert Maehr
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Milan Uskokovic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Abstract
Biomass derived from marine microalgae and macroalgae is globally recognized as a source of valuable chemical constituents with applications in the agri-horticultural sector (including animal feeds and health and plant stimulants), as human food and food ingredients as well as in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Algal biomass supply of sufficient quality and quantity however remains a concern with increasing environmental pressures conflicting with the growing demand. Recent attempts in supplying consistent, safe and environmentally acceptable biomass through cultivation of (macro- and micro-) algal biomass have concentrated on characterizing natural variability in bioactives, and optimizing cultivated materials through strain selection and hybridization, as well as breeding and, more recently, genetic improvements of biomass. Biotechnological tools including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genomics have recently been extended to algae but, in comparison to microbial or plant biomass, still remain underdeveloped. Current progress in algal biotechnology is driven by an increased demand for new sources of biomass due to several global challenges, new discoveries and technologies available as well as an increased global awareness of the many applications of algae. Algal diversity and complexity provides significant potential provided that shortages in suitable and safe biomass can be met, and consumer demands are matched by commercial investment in product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland,
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29
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The palladacycle, AJ-5, exhibits anti-tumour and anti-cancer stem cell activity in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:206-218. [PMID: 25444915 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women worldwide but despite enormous efforts to address this problem, there is still limited success with most of the current therapeutic strategies. The current study describes the anti-cancer activity of a binuclear palladacycle complex (AJ-5) in oestrogen receptor positive (MCF7) and oestrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells as well as human breast cancer stem cells. AJ-5 is shown to induce DNA double strand breaks leading to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and autophagy cell death pathways which are mediated by the p38 MAP kinase. This study provides evidence that AJ-5 is potentially an effective compound in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Brefeldin A reduces anchorage-independent survival, cancer stem cell potential and migration of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Molecules 2014; 19:17464-77. [PMID: 25356567 PMCID: PMC6271931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells in tumors or established cancer cell lines that can initiate and sustain the growth of tumors in vivo. Cancer stem cells can be enriched in serum-free, suspended cultures that allow the formation of tumorspheres over several days to weeks. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a mycotoxin that induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in eukaryotic cells. We found that BFA, at sub-microgram per milliliter concentrations, preferentially induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 suspension cultures (EC50: 0.016 µg/mL) compared to adhesion cultures. BFA also effectively inhibited clonogenic activity and the migration and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) activity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blotting analysis indicated that the effects of BFA may be mediated by the down-regulation of breast CSC marker CD44 and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, as well as the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, BFA also displayed selective cytotoxicity toward suspended MDA-MB-468 cells, and suppressed tumorsphere formation in T47D and MDA-MB-453 cells, suggesting that BFA may be effective against breast cancer cells of various phenotypes.
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31
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Motti CA, Thomas-Hall P, Hagiwara KA, Simmons CJ, Willis R, Wright AD. Accelerated identification of halogenated monoterpenes from Australian specimens of the red algae Plocamium hamatum and Plocamium costatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1193-1200. [PMID: 24797660 DOI: 10.1021/np500059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two species of red algae belonging to the genus Plocamium, P. hamatum from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and P. costatum, from Pandalowie Bay, South Australia, were investigated to assess their chemical variation and as potential sources of new halogenated monoterpenes. The hyphenated technique HPLC-UV-MS-SPE-NMR was used to assess the algal extracts and to determine its potential for accelerated identification of halogenated monoterpenes generally. A combination of the hyphenated and traditional chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation and characterization of a total of 10 halogenated monoterpene metabolites, eight of which are reported for the first time. Their structures, including configurations, were determined through interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometric, infrared, and X-ray data. The two species of Plocamium produced different secondary metabolites and contained a significant number of new polyhalogenated monoterpenes. The investigation also showed the hyphenated technique HPLC-UV-MS-SPE-NMR to be useful for preliminary investigation of the chemical content of algal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science , PMB no. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, 4810, Australia
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32
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Kumar SR, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Fucoxanthin: a marine carotenoid exerting anti-cancer effects by affecting multiple mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5130-47. [PMID: 24351910 PMCID: PMC3877908 DOI: 10.3390/md11125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid exhibiting several health benefits. The anti-cancer effect of fucoxanthin and its deacetylated metabolite, fucoxanthinol, is well documented. In view of its potent anti-carcinogenic activity, the need to understand the underlying mechanisms has gained prominence. Towards achieving this goal, several researchers have carried out studies in various cell lines and in vivo and have deciphered that fucoxanthin exerts its anti-proliferative and cancer preventing influence via different molecules and pathways including the Bcl-2 proteins, MAPK, NFκB, Caspases, GADD45, and several other molecules that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis. Thus, in addition to decreasing the frequency of occurrence and growth of tumours, fucoxanthin has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Some studies show that this effect is selective, i.e., fucoxanthin has the capability to target cancer cells only, leaving normal physiological cells unaffected/less affected. Hence, fucoxanthin and its metabolites show great promise as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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