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Panda M, Das B, Bantun F, Panda AK, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Qusty NF, Haque S, Ravindran B. Differential differentiation of B cell lymphopoiesis in lethal and non-lethal murine malaria models. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37144664 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2205200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells in protection against malaria and need of experiencing many episodes in humans to achieve a state of immunity is largely unknown. The cellular basis of such defects in terms of B cell generation, maturation and trafficking was studied by taking Plasmodium chabaudi, a non-lethal and Plasmodium berghei, a lethal murine model. A flow cytometry (FCF) based evaluation was used to study alterations in generation and maintenance of B cells in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria as well as in murine malaria models. A significant accumulation of mature B cells in bone marrow and immature B cells in circulation was a feature observed only in lethal malaria. At peak parasitaemia, both the models induce a significant decrease in T2 (transitional) B cells with expansion of T1B cells. Studies in patients with acute Pf malaria showed a significant expansion of memory B cells and TB cells with a concomitant decrease in naive2 B cells as compared with healthy controls. This study clearly demonstrates that acute malarial infection induces major disturbances in B cell development in lymphoid organs and trafficking in periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Panda
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, DBT-Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem F Qusty
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balachandran Ravindran
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, DBT-Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Mancebo-Pérez C, Vidal M, Aguilar R, Barrios D, Bardají A, Ome-Kaius M, Menéndez C, Rogerson SJ, Dobaño C, Moncunill G, Requena P. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in malaria exposure and pregnancy. Malar J 2022; 21:336. [DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Eotaxin-1 concentrations in plasma have been inversely associated with malaria exposure, malaria infection and pregnancy, but the effect of these conditions on the levels of the related chemokines eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 remains unknown.
Methods
Eotaxin-2 and -3 concentrations were measured in 310 peripheral or placental plasma samples from pregnant and non-pregnant individuals from Papua New Guinea (malaria-endemic country) and Spain (malaria-naïve individuals) with previous data on eotaxin-1 concentrations. Correlations between eotaxin concentrations were examined with the Spearman’s test. Differences in eotaxin concentrations among groups were evaluated with the Kruskal–Wallis or Mann Whitney tests. The pairwise Wilcoxon test was performed to compare eotaxin-2 concentration between peripheral and placental matched plasmas. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were estimated to assess the association between eotaxins and Plasmodium infection or gestational age.
Results
Eotaxin-2 concentrations in plasma showed a weak positive correlation with eotaxin-3 (rho = 0.35, p < 0.05) concentrations. Eotaxin-2 concentrations in the malaria-exposed non-pregnant group were significantly lower than the in the malaria-naive non-pregnant and the malaria-exposed pregnant groups. Eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were lower in malaria-exposed than in non-exposed groups (p < 0.05), but no differences were found associated to pregnancy. Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 plasma concentrations were negatively correlated with anti-Plasmodium IgG levels: PfDBL5ε-IgG (rhoEo2 = − 0.35, p = 0.005; rhoEo3 =− 0.37, p = 0.011), and eotaxin-3 was negatively correlated with PfDBL3x-IgG levels (rhoEo3 =− 0.36; p = 0.011). Negative correlations of eotaxin-2 and 3 in plasma were also observed with atypical memory B cells (rhoEo2 = − 0.37, p < 0.001; rhoEo3= − 0.28, p = 0.006), a B cell subset expanded in malaria-exposed individuals. In addition, a borderline negative association was observed between eotaxin-3 concentrations and Plasmodium infection (adjusted effect estimate, β = − 0.279, 95% CI − 0.605; 0.047, p = 0.091). Moreover, eotaxin-2 placental concentrations were significantly increased compared to peripheral concentrations in the malaria-exposed pregnant group whereas the contrary was observed in the non-exposed pregnant group (p < 0.005).
Conclusion
Although a clear epidemiological negative association is observed between eotaxins concentrations and malaria exposure and/or infection, pregnancy may alter this association for eotaxin-2. Further research is required to understand the role of these chemokines in this disease and in combination with pregnancy.
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Expression of CD117 (c-Kit) on Circulating B Cells in Pediatric Schistosomiasis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0016022. [PMID: 35862720 PMCID: PMC9387214 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00160-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Few B cells express CD27, the primary marker for memory B cells, in pediatric schistosomiasis, suggesting B cell malfunction. This study further demonstrates unexpected high expression of CD117 on circulating B cells in children highly exposed to Schistosoma mansoni infectious larvae. CD117 is expressed by immature or lymphoma B cells, but not by mature, circulating cells. We therefore sought to define the significance of CD117 on blood B cells. We found that CD117-positive (CD117+) B cells increased with the intensity of schistosome infection. In addition, CD117 expression was reduced on CD23+ B cells previously shown to correlate with resistance to infection. Stimulation with a panel of cytokines demonstrated that CD117 levels were upregulated in response to a combination of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for CD117, whereas IL-2 led to a reduction. In addition, stimulation with SCF generally reduced B cell activation levels. Upon further investigation, it was established that multiple circulating cells expressed increased levels of CD117, including monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and expression levels correlated with that of B cells. Finally, we identified a population of large circulating cells with features of reticulocytes. Overall, our results suggest that hyperexposure to intravascular parasitic worms elicits immature cells from the bone marrow. Levels of SCF were shown to reduce as children began to transition through puberty. The study results pose an explanation for the inability of children to develop significant immunity to infection until after puberty.
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Sabourin KR, Nalwoga A, Whitby D, Newton R, Rochford R. Environmental determinants of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) transmission in rural Uganda (ENDKU study): Contributions to research on KSHV infection and reactivation in African children; A longitudinal cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Parodi C, Barrio A, García Bustos MF, González Prieto AG, Pimentel J, Badano N, Albareda MC, Castro Eiro ME, Laucella SA, de Elizalde de Bracco MM. B-cell profile, B-cell activating factor concentration and IgG levels in human cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12759. [PMID: 32460372 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of B cells in human tegumentary leismaniasis (TL) analysing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), most prevalent form and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), aggressive form characterized by the destruction of the oral-nasal-pharyngeal cavities. METHODS AND RESULTS By flow cytometry analysis, we found decreased percentages of non-class-switched memory B cells in TL with the degree of the loss related to clinical severity. Using commercial ELISA, we reported high levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and IgG preferentially in aggressive CL and markedly in ML together with decreased BAFF receptors in the latter. We also found lower levels of BAFF after clinical recovery suggesting a relation between BAFF and disease activity. Mucosal leishmaniasis history of therapeutic failure presented high levels of BAFF accompanied by detectable concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-6 (assayed by commercial ELISA and cytometric bead arrays respectively), cytokines involved in exaggerated inflammatory responses and tissue damage in TL. CONCLUSION We demonstrate B-cell disturbances in TL with the degree of the alterations related to clinical severity. We suggest a relation between excess of BAFF and disease activity and point towards a possible implication of BAFF in the inflammatory phenomenon of ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Parodi
- Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Barrio
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - María F García Bustos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ana G González Prieto
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Julia Pimentel
- Instituto de Patología Experimental-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Noel Badano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Albareda
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa E Castro Eiro
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana A Laucella
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M de Elizalde de Bracco
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Soares RR, Cunha CF, Ferraz‐Nogueira R, Marins‐dos‐Santos A, Rodrigues‐da‐Silva RN, Soares I, Lima‐Junior J, Bertho AL, Ferreira MU, Scopel KKG. Apical membrane protein 1‐specific antibody profile and temporal changes in peripheral blood B‐cell populations in
Plasmodium vivax
malaria. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12662. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Reis Soares
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Clarissa F. Cunha
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Raquel Ferraz‐Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | - Irene Soares
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Josué Lima‐Junior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Kézia Katiani Gorza Scopel
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
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Kirinyet JK. An Assessment of Malaria Parasite Density among HIV/AIDS-Subjects at Different Levels of CD4 T-Cells Prior to Antimalarial Therapy at Chulaimbo Sub-County Hospital, Western Kenya. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:5697383. [PMID: 31354844 PMCID: PMC6632494 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5697383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria and HIV/AIDS infections are among the major public health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa, where they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent findings indicate that individual people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with lower levels of CD4 T-cell count below 200/mm3 tend to experience higher mean malaria parasite densities than their counterparts with higher CD4 T-cells counts. AIM The study was conducted to assess the pattern of malaria parasite density at different levels of CD4 T-cells among people living with HIV/AIDS in Western part of Kenya. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A randomized antimalarial treatment study among 126 people living with HIV/AIDS was conducted at Chulaimbo Sub-County Hospital, Western Kenya. All the participants enrolled into the study had their blood samples assessed for malaria parasite densities before commencement of antimalarial therapy and the results correlated with their CD4 T-cells levels obtained from their respective files. RESULTS Mean malaria parasite density on pretreatment samples was 43,168 parasites /μL of blood, median was 17,720, and mode was 4,000. Male participants had a higher geometrical mean parasite density (26,424) compared to females' (15,346) (p = 0.03). Low CD4 counts were associated with high density malaria parasitaemia and consequently, very high CD4 counts seemed to exhibit low malaria parasite density among PLWHA. An insignificant negative correlation, however, between CD4 T-cells count and malaria parasite densities was noted (p = 0.169). CONCLUSION The study was able to establish higher parasite density among individuals with ≤200 cells/μL than their counterparts with >200 cells/μL of CD4 T-cell levels in PLWHA resident in Western Kenya. Secondly, males significantly had a higher geometrical mean parasite density than females regardless of their CD4 status. It is anticipated that the results from this study could be used/applied in developing interventional measures to address malaria/HIV-AIDS coinfections aimed at saving life, particularly in the sub-Saharan African region where the two infections are rampant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Kirinyet
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
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Moormann AM, Nixon CE, Forconi CS. Immune effector mechanisms in malaria: An update focusing on human immunity. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12628. [PMID: 30972776 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed dramatic decreases in malaria-associated mortality and morbidity around the world. This progress has largely been due to intensified malaria control measures, implementation of rapid diagnostics and establishing a network to anticipate and mitigate antimalarial drug resistance. However, the ultimate tool for malaria prevention is the development and implementation of an effective vaccine. To date, malaria vaccine efforts have focused on determining which of the thousands of antigens expressed by Plasmodium falciparum are instrumental targets of protective immunity. The antigenic variation and antigenic polymorphisms arising in parasite genes under immune selection present a daunting challenge for target antigen selection and prioritization, and is a given caveat when interpreting immune recall responses or results from monovalent vaccine trials. Other immune evasion strategies executed by the parasite highlight the myriad of ways in which it can become a recurrent infection. This review provides an update on immune effector mechanisms in malaria and focuses on our improved ability to interrogate the complexity of human immune system, accelerated by recent methodological advances. Appreciating how the human immune landscape influences the effectiveness and longevity of antimalarial immunity will help explain which conditions are necessary for immune effector mechanisms to prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Moormann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Christina E Nixon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Catherine S Forconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Martínez-Orellana P, Maristany C, Baxarias M, Álvarez-Fernández A, Baldassarre A, Ordeix L, Solano-Gallego L. Total serum IgD from healthy and sick dogs with leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:119. [PMID: 30909975 PMCID: PMC6434875 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum is characterized by the development of both cellular and humoral immune responses. The dysfunction of T cell-mediated immunity leads to a lack of proliferation of T cells in response to Leishmania antigens with the consequence of parasite dissemination that seems to be related to a T cell exhaustion mediated by regulatory B cells expressing immunoglobulin D (IgD). The aim of this study was to determine and compare the total serum IgD in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and in clinically healthy dogs. Results A total of 147 dog sera were studied. All dogs were tested for L. infantum-specific antibodies by quantitative ELISA. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production was also determined by sandwich ELISA after blood stimulation with L. infantum soluble antigen (LSA) or concanavalin A (ConA). The quantification of total IgD was performed using a human IgD sandwich ELISA quantification set. Dogs were classified in three different groups. Group 1 included 40 clinically healthy non-infected dogs, all serologically negative to L. infantum-specific antibodies and non-producers of IFN-γ upon LSA stimulation. Group 2 included 63 clinically healthy infected dogs that were LSA IFN-γ producers (n = 61) and/or IFN-γ non-producers (n = 2) as well as negative to medium seropositive to L. infantum antigen. Finally, Group 3 included 44 dogs with clinical leishmaniosis (IFN-γ producers, n = 23; and IFN-γ non-producers, n = 21) that were negative to highly positive to L. infantum-specific antibodies. No significant differences were observed when the total IgD concentration was compared within groups. Additionally, total IgD of sick IFN-γ producers and IFN-γ non-producers was not significantly different. Finally, total IgD concentration was not statistically related to demographic parameters such as age, sex and breed. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that there were no differences between groups in total serum IgD. Total serum IgD does not appear to be a marker of disease in CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Maristany
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baxarias
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ordeix
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yeo KT, Embury P, Anderson T, Mungai P, Malhotra I, King C, Kazura J, Dent A. HIV, Cytomegalovirus, and Malaria Infections during Pregnancy Lead to Inflammation and Shifts in Memory B Cell Subsets in Kenyan Neonates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1465-1478. [PMID: 30674575 PMCID: PMC6379806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy can expose the fetus to microbial Ags, leading to inflammation that affects B cell development. Prenatal fetal immune priming may have an important role in infant acquisition of pathogen-specific immunity. We examined plasma proinflammatory biomarkers, the proportions of various B cell subsets, and fetal priming to tetanus vaccination in cord blood from human United States and Kenyan neonates. United States neonates had no identified prenatal infectious exposures, whereas Kenyan neonates examined had congenital CMV or mothers with prenatal HIV or Plasmodium falciparum or no identified infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had higher levels of IP-10, TNF-α, CRP, sCD14, and BAFF than United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, neonates with prenatal infections/infectious exposures had higher levels of cord blood IFN-γ, IL-7, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 compared with neonates with no infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had greater proportions of activated memory B cells (MBC) compared with United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, HIV-exposed neonates had greater proportions of atypical MBC compared with the other groups. Although HIV-exposed neonates had altered MBC subset distributions, detection of tetanus-specific MBC from cord blood, indicative of fetal priming with tetanus vaccine given to pregnant women, was comparable in HIV-exposed and non-HIV-exposed neonates. These results indicate that the presence of infections during pregnancy induces fetal immune activation with inflammation and increased activated MBC frequencies in neonates. The immunologic significance and long-term health consequences of these differences warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Thai Yeo
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Peter Mungai
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Arlene Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
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Suntararuks S, Worasuttayangkurn L, Akanimanee J, Suriyo T, Nookabkaew S, Srisamut N, Visitnonthachai D, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Sodium arsenite exposure impairs B cell proliferation and enhances vascular inflammation in Plasmodium berghei mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:7-13. [PMID: 30593951 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure has been linked to an impaired immune response and inflammation. Our study investigated the effects of sodium arsenite on host immune response and vascular inflammation during malarial infection. Mice were divided into three groups: control (C), Plasmodium berghei infection (I) and sodium arsenite exposure with Plasmodium berghei infection (As-I). The results showed that splenocyte proliferation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was suppressed in the I group, and the suppression was more pronounced in the As-I group, suggesting that acquired immunity in infected mice was worsening following arsenic exposure. ICAM-1, an adhesion protein involved in parasite-infected red blood cell (iRBC) binding to endothelium, and HIF-1α, a hypoxia marker protein in the descending aorta, were increased in the As-I group compared to the I group. Collectively, our results suggest that arsenic may increase host susceptibility to malaria through suppression of B cell proliferation and enhancement of adhesion between iRBC and endothelium by increasing ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Suntararuks
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Jaratluck Akanimanee
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumontha Nookabkaew
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nujorn Srisamut
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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12
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Aguilar R, Ubillos I, Vidal M, Balanza N, Crespo N, Jiménez A, Nhabomba A, Jairoce C, Dosoo D, Gyan B, Ayestaran A, Sanz H, Campo JJ, Gómez-Pérez GP, Izquierdo L, Dobaño C. Antibody responses to α-Gal in African children vary with age and site and are associated with malaria protection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9999. [PMID: 29968771 PMCID: PMC6030195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally-acquired antibody responses to malaria parasites are not only directed to protein antigens but also to carbohydrates on the surface of Plasmodium protozoa. Immunoglobulin M responses to α-galactose (α-Gal) (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R)-containing glycoconjugates have been associated with protection from P. falciparum infection and, as a result, these molecules are under consideration as vaccine targets; however there are limited field studies in endemic populations. We assessed a wide breadth of isotype and subclass antibody response to α-Gal in children from Mozambique (South East Africa) and Ghana (West Africa) by quantitative suspension array technology. We showed that anti-α-Gal IgM, IgG and IgG1–4 levels vary mainly depending on the age of the child, and also differ in magnitude in the two sites. At an individual level, the intensity of malaria exposure to P. falciparum and maternally-transferred antibodies affected the magnitude of α-Gal responses. There was evidence for a possible protective role of anti-α-Gal IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies. However, the most consistent findings were that the magnitude of IgM responses to α-Gal was associated with protection against clinical malaria over a one-year follow up period, especially in the first months of life, while IgG levels correlated with malaria risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Crespo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - David Dosoo
- Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Ben Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Aintzane Ayestaran
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hèctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Ubillos I, Campo JJ, Requena P, Ome-Kaius M, Hanieh S, Rose H, Samol P, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Bardají A, Mueller I, Menéndez C, Rogerson S, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Chronic Exposure to Malaria Is Associated with Inhibitory and Activation Markers on Atypical Memory B Cells and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:966. [PMID: 28878766 PMCID: PMC5573441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In persistent infections that are accompanied by chronic immune activation, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and malaria, there is an increased frequency of a phenotypically distinct subset of memory B cells lacking the classic memory marker CD27 and showing a reduced capacity to produce antibodies. However, critical knowledge gaps remain on specific B cell changes and immune adaptation in chronic infections. We hypothesized that expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) and reduction of activated peripheral marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells in constantly exposed individuals might be accompanied by phenotypic changes that would confer a tolerogenic profile, helping to establish tolerance to infections. To better understand malaria-associated phenotypic abnormalities on B cells, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic area of Papua Nueva Guinea and 9 Spanish malaria-naïve individuals using four 11-color flow cytometry panels. We assessed the expression of markers of B cell specificity (IgG and IgM), activation (CD40, CD80, CD86, b220, TACI, and CD150), inhibition (PD1, CD95, and CD71), and migration (CCR3, CXCR3, and CD62l). We found higher frequencies of active and resting aMBC and marked reduction of MZ-like B cells, although changes in absolute cell counts could not be assessed. Highly exposed women had higher PD1+-, CD95+-, CD40+-, CD71+-, and CD80+-activated aMBC frequencies than non-exposed subjects. Malaria exposure increased frequencies of b220 and proapoptotic markers PD1 and CD95, and decreased expression of the activation marker TACI on MZ-like B cells. The increased frequencies of inhibitory and apoptotic markers on activated aMBCs and MZ-like B cells in malaria-exposed adults suggest an immune-homeostatic mechanism for maintaining B cell development and function while simultaneously downregulating hyperreactive B cells. This mechanism would keep the B cell activation threshold high enough to control infection but impaired enough to tolerate it, preventing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J. Campo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pilar Requena
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Honor Rose
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Paula Samol
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Borhis G, Richard Y. Subversion of the B-cell compartment during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:15. [PMID: 25884828 PMCID: PMC4374497 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on HIV infection have identified new human B-cell subsets with a potentially important impact on anti-viral immunity. Current work highlights the occurrence of similar B-cell alterations in other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, suggesting that common strategies have been developed by pathogens to counteract protective immunity. For this review, we have selected key examples of human infections for which B-cell alterations have been described, to highlight the similarities and differences in the immune responses to a variety of pathogens. We believe that further comparisons between these models will lead to critical progress in the understanding of B-cell mechanisms and will open new target avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenoline Borhis
- INSERM u1016, Cochin Institute, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, Roussy Bldg., Paris, 75014, France. .,CNRS, Paris, UMR8104, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Yolande Richard
- INSERM u1016, Cochin Institute, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, Roussy Bldg., Paris, 75014, France. .,CNRS, Paris, UMR8104, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014, France.
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15
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Gómez-Pérez GP, van Bruggen R, Grobusch MP, Dobaño C. Plasmodium falciparum malaria and invasive bacterial co-infection in young African children: the dysfunctional spleen hypothesis. Malar J 2014; 13:335. [PMID: 25158979 PMCID: PMC4161853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with recent or acute malaria episodes are at increased risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI). However, the exact nature of the malaria-IBI association is still unclear. Young children have an age-related spleen immunologic immaturity, mainly due to the still ongoing development of the marginal zone (MZ) B cell subset. By mounting a rapid antibody response against encapsulated bacteria, these cells are critical for the defence against highly pathogenic microorganisms that do not elicit classical T cell-dependent responses. There is increasing evidence that the anatomy of the spleen becomes disorganized during malaria infection, with complete dissolution of the MZ and apoptosis of MZ B cells. Correspondingly, a reduction in the frequency of the peripheral equivalent of the MZ B cells has been found in malaria endemic areas. A remarkable similarity exists in IBI susceptibility between African children with malaria and hyposplenic or splenectomized patients. However, studies specifically assessing the immune function of the spleen in controlling bacterial infections in young children with malaria are scarce. Here, it is hypothesized that Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection constitutes a detrimental factor in the still immature spleen function of young children, resulting in a factually hyposplenic state during malaria episodes, putting children with malaria at a high risk to develop life-threatening bacterial infections. Studies to confirm or reject this hypothesis are greatly needed, as well as the development of affordable and feasible tools to assess the immune spleen function against encapsulated bacteria in children with malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria P Gómez-Pérez
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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16
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Wilmore JR, Asito AS, Wei C, Piriou E, Sumba PO, Sanz I, Rochford R. AID expression in peripheral blood of children living in a malaria holoendemic region is associated with changes in B cell subsets and Epstein-Barr virus. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1371-80. [PMID: 25099163 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and holoendemic malaria infections. The role of EBV in the development of malignancy has been studied in depth, but there is still little known about the mechanisms by which malaria affects Burkitt's lymphomagenesis. Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression is necessary for the introduction of c-myc translocations that are characteristic of BL, but a link between AID and EBV or malaria is unclear. To determine whether frequency of malaria exposure leads to increased AID expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) we examined two cohorts of children in western Kenya with endemic and sporadic malaria transmission dynamics. High frequency of malaria exposure led to increased expression of AID, which coincided with decreases in the IgM(+) memory B cells. In the children from the malaria endemic region, the presence of a detectible EBV viral load was associated with higher AID expression compared to children with undetectable EBV, but this effect was not seen in children with sporadic exposure to malaria. This study demonstrates that intensity of malaria transmission correlates with AID expression levels in the presence of EBV suggesting that malaria and EBV infection have a synergistic effect on the development of c-myc translocations and BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R Wilmore
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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17
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Requena P, Campo JJ, Umbers AJ, Ome M, Wangnapi R, Barrios D, Robinson LJ, Samol P, Rosanas-Urgell A, Ubillos I, Mayor A, López M, de Lazzari E, Arévalo-Herrera M, Fernández-Becerra C, del Portillo H, Chitnis CE, Siba PM, Bardají A, Mueller I, Rogerson S, Menéndez C, Dobaño C. Pregnancy and Malaria Exposure Are Associated with Changes in the B Cell Pool and in Plasma Eotaxin Levels. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2971-83. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Elias SC, Choudhary P, de Cassan SC, Biswas S, Collins KA, Halstead FD, Bliss CM, Ewer KJ, Hodgson SH, Duncan CJA, Hill AVS, Draper SJ. Analysis of human B-cell responses following ChAd63-MVA MSP1 and AMA1 immunization and controlled malaria infection. Immunology 2014; 141:628-44. [PMID: 24303947 PMCID: PMC3956436 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of non-sterilizing natural immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been shown in low transmission areas following multiple exposures. However, conflicting data from endemic areas suggest that the parasite may interfere with the induction of effective B-cell responses. To date, the impact of blood-stage parasite exposure on antigen-specific B cells has not been reported following controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Here we analysed human B-cell responses in a series of Phase I/IIa clinical trials, which include CHMI, using candidate virus-vectored vaccines encoding two blood-stage antigens: merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). Previously vaccinated volunteers show boosting of pre-existing antigen-specific memory B-cell (mBC) responses following CHMI. In contrast, unvaccinated malaria-naive control volunteers developed an mBC response against MSP1 but not AMA1. Serum IgG correlated with the mBC response after booster vaccination but this relationship was less well maintained following CHMI. A significant reduction in peripheral MSP1-specific mBC was observed at the point of diagnosis of blood-stage infection. This was coincident with a reduction in peripheral blood B-cell subsets expressing CXCR3 and elevated serum levels of interferon-γ and CXCL9, suggesting migration away from the periphery. These CHMI data confirm that mBC and antibody responses can be induced and boosted by blood-stage parasite exposure, in support of epidemiological studies on low-level parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Elias
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Scholzen A, Teirlinck AC, Bijker EM, Roestenberg M, Hermsen CC, Hoffman SL, Sauerwein RW. BAFF and BAFF receptor levels correlate with B cell subset activation and redistribution in controlled human malaria infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3719-29. [PMID: 24646735 PMCID: PMC4028688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Characteristic features of Plasmodium falciparum malaria are polyclonal B cell activation and an altered composition of the blood B cell compartment, including expansion of CD21(-)CD27(-) atypical memory B cells. BAFF is a key cytokine in B cell homeostasis, but its potential contribution to the modulation of the blood B cell pool during malaria remains elusive. In the controlled human malaria model (CHMI) in malaria-naive Dutch volunteers, we therefore examined the dynamics of BAFF induction and B cell subset activation and composition, to investigate whether these changes are linked to malaria-induced immune activation and, in particular, induction of BAFF. Alterations in B cell composition after CHMI closely resembled those observed in endemic areas. We further found distinct kinetics of proliferation for individual B cell subsets across all developmental stages. Proliferation peaked either immediately after blood-stage infection or at convalescence, and for most subsets was directly associated with the peak parasitemia. Concomitantly, plasma BAFF levels during CHMI were increased and correlated with membrane-expressed BAFF on monocytes and dendritic cells, as well as blood-stage parasitemia and parasite-induced IFN-γ. Correlating with increased plasma BAFF and IFN-γ levels, IgD(-)CD38(low)CD21(-)CD27(-) atypical B cells showed the strongest proliferative response of all memory B cell subsets. This provides unique evidence for a link between malaria-induced immune activation and temporary expansion of this B cell subset. Finally, baseline BAFF-R levels before CHMI were predictive of subsequent changes in proportions of individual B cell subsets. These findings suggest an important role of BAFF in facilitating B cell subset proliferation and redistribution as a consequence of malaria-induced immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Scholzen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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A gammaherpesvirus Bcl-2 ortholog blocks B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis and promotes the survival of developing B cells in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003916. [PMID: 24516386 PMCID: PMC3916410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, HHV-8) establish lifelong latency in their hosts and are associated with the development of several types of malignancies, including a subset of B cell lymphomas. These viruses are thought to co-opt the process of B cell differentiation to latently infect a fraction of circulating memory B cells, resulting in the establishment of a stable latency setpoint. However, little is known about how this infected memory B cell compartment is maintained throughout the life of the host. We have previously demonstrated that immature and transitional B cells are long-term latency reservoirs for murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68), suggesting that infection of developing B cells contributes to the maintenance of lifelong latency. During hematopoiesis, immature and transitional B cells are subject to B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated negative selection, which results in the clonal deletion of autoreactive B cells. Interestingly, numerous gammaherpesviruses encode homologs of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, suggesting that virus inhibition of apoptosis could subvert clonal deletion. To test this, we quantified latency establishment in mice inoculated with MHV68 vBcl-2 mutants. vBcl-2 mutant viruses displayed a marked decrease in the frequency of immature and transitional B cells harboring viral genome, but this attenuation could be rescued by increased host Bcl-2 expression. Conversely, vBcl-2 mutant virus latency in early B cells and mature B cells, which are not targets of negative selection, was remarkably similar to wild-type virus. Finally, in vivo depletion of developing B cells during chronic infection resulted in decreased mature B cell latency, demonstrating a key role for developing B cells in the maintenance of lifelong latency. Collectively, these findings support a model in which gammaherpesvirus latency in circulating mature B cells is sustained in part through the recurrent infection and vBcl-2-mediated survival of developing B cells.
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The Plasmodium falciparum translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is incorporated more efficiently into B cells than its human homologue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85514. [PMID: 24465583 PMCID: PMC3894975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum secretes a homologue of the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) into serum of infected individuals, although its role in pathogenesis or virulence is unknown. To determine the effect of P. falciparum TCTP on B cells as compared to human TCTP, fluorescently labeled proteins were incubated on primary cultures of mouse splenic B cells and analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Our results indicate that both recombinant proteins are incorporated into B cells, but differ significantly in their rate and percentage of incorporation, being significantly higher for P. falciparum TCTP. Furthermore, P. falciparum TCTP showed a lower B cell proliferative effect than human TCTP, suggesting a mechanism through which the former could interfere in the host's immune response.
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22
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Zeng B, Kwak-Kim J, Liu Y, Liao AH. Treg Cells Are Negatively Correlated with Increased Memory B Cells in Pre-eclampsia While Maintaining Suppressive Function on Autologous B-Cell Proliferation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:454-63. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin; University of Medicine and Science; Vernon Hills IL USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin; University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Family Planning Research Institute; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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23
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Ayieko C, Maue AC, Jura WGZO, Noland GS, Ayodo G, Rochford R, John CC. Changes in B Cell Populations and Merozoite Surface Protein-1-Specific Memory B Cell Responses after Prolonged Absence of Detectable P. falciparum Infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67230. [PMID: 23826242 PMCID: PMC3695086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical immunity to malaria declines in the absence of repeated parasite exposure. However, little is known about how B cell populations and antigen-specific memory B cells change in the absence of P. falciparum infection. A successful indoor residual insecticide spraying campaign in a highland area of western Kenya, led to an absence of blood-stage P. falciparum infection between March 2007 and April 2008. We assessed memory B cell responses in 45 adults at the beginning (April 2008) and end (April 2009) of a subsequent 12-month period during which none of the adults had evidence of asymptomatic parasitemia or clinical disease. Antibodies and memory B cells to the 42-kDa portion of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-142) were measured using ELISA and ELISPOT assays, respectively. B cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry. From 2008 to 2009, the prevalence of MSP-142-specific memory B cells (45% vs. 55%, respectively, P = 0.32) or antibodies (91% vs. 82%, respectively, P = 0.32) did not differ significantly, although specific individuals did change from positive to negative and vice versa, particularly for memory B cells, suggesting possible low-level undetected parasitemia may have occurred in some individuals. The magnitude of MSP-142-specific memory B cells and levels of antibodies to MSP-142 also did not differ from 2008 to 2009 (P>0.10 for both). However, from 2008 to 2009 the proportions of both class-switched atypical (CD19+IgD-CD27-CD21-IgM-) and class-switched activated (CD19+IgD-CD27+CD21-IgM-) memory B cells decreased (both P<0.001). In contrast, class-switched resting classical memory B cells (CD19+IgD-CD27+CD21+IgM-) increased (P<0.001). In this area of seasonal malaria transmission, a one- year absence of detectable P. falciparum infection was not associated with changes in the prevalence or level of MSP-142 specific memory B cells, but was associated with major changes in overall memory B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander C. Maue
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Gregory S. Noland
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Rosemary Rochford
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Chandy C. John
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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24
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Scholzen A, Sauerwein RW. How malaria modulates memory: activation and dysregulation of B cells in Plasmodium infection. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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