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Tomassi MV, D'Abramo A, Vita S, Corpolongo A, Vulcano A, Ascoli Bartoli T, Bartolini B, Faraglia F, Nicastri E. A case of severe Plasmodium ovale malaria with acute respiratory distress syndrome and splenic infarction in a male traveller presenting in Italy. Malar J 2024; 23:93. [PMID: 38575935 PMCID: PMC10993526 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium ovale malaria is usually considered a tropical infectious disease associated with low morbidity and mortality. However, severe disease and death have previously been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A case of severe P. ovale malaria in a healthy Caucasian man with a triangle splenic infarction and clinical progression towards Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome was reported despite a rapid response to oral chloroquine treatment with 24-h parasitaemia clearance. CONCLUSION Plasmodium ovale malaria is generally considered as a benign disease, with low parasitaemia. However, severe disease and death have occasionally been reported. It is important to be aware that occasionally it can progress to serious illness and death even in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Tomassi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Abramo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Vita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Corpolongo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bartolini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Faraglia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
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Conroy AL, Datta D, Hoffmann A, Wassmer SC. The kidney-brain pathogenic axis in severe falciparum malaria. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:191-199. [PMID: 36737313 PMCID: PMC11071448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe falciparum malaria is a medical emergency and a leading cause of death and neurodisability in endemic areas. Common complications include acute kidney injury (AKI) and cerebral malaria, and recent studies have suggested links between kidney and brain dysfunction in Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here, we review these new findings and present the hypothesis of a pivotal pathogenic crosstalk between the kidneys and the brain in severe falciparum malaria. We highlight the evidence of a role for distant organ involvement in the development of cerebral malaria and subsequent neurocognitive impairment post-recovery, describe the challenges associated with current diagnostic shortcomings for both AKI and brain involvement in severe falciparum malaria, and explore novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Conroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angelika Hoffmann
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Wassmer
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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3
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Kojom Foko LP, Hawadak J, Kouemo Motse FD, Eboumbou Moukoko CE, Kamgain Mawabo L, Pande V, Singh V. Non-falciparum species and submicroscopic infections in three epidemiological malaria facets in Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:900. [PMID: 36460990 PMCID: PMC9718470 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are growing reports on the prevalence of non-falciparum species and submicroscopic infections in sub-Saharan African countries but little information is available from Cameroon. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in four towns (Douala, Maroua, Mayo-Oulo, and Pette) from three malaria epidemiological strata (Forest, Sahelian, and Soudanian) of Cameroon. Malaria parasites were detected by Giemsa light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Non-falciparum isolates were characterized and their 18S gene sequences were BLASTed for confirmatory diagnosis. RESULTS PCR assay detected malaria parasites in 82.4% (98/119) patients, among them 12.2% (12/98) were asymptomatic cases. Three Plasmodium species viz. P. falciparum, P. ovale curtisi and P. vivax, and two co-infection types (P. falciparum + P. vivax and P. falciparum + P. ovale curtisi) were found. The remaining infections were mono-infections with either P. falciparum or P. ovale curtisi. All non-falciparum infections were symptomatic and microscopic. The overall proportion of submicroscopic infections was 11.8% (14/119). Most asymptomatic and submicroscopic infection cases were self-medicated with antimalarial drugs and/or medicinal plants. On analysis, P. ovale curtisi sequences were found to be phylogenetically closer to sequences from India while P. vivax isolates appeared closer to those from Nigeria, India, and Cameroon. No G6PD-d case was found among non-falciparum infections. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms our previous work on circulation of P. vivax and P. ovale curtisi and the absence of P. knowlesi in Cameroon. More studies are needed to address non-falciparum malaria along with submicroscopic infections for effective malaria management and control in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- grid.419641.f0000 0000 9285 6594ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New-Delhi 110077 India ,grid.411155.50000 0001 1533 858XDepartment of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand 263001 India
| | - Joseph Hawadak
- grid.419641.f0000 0000 9285 6594ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New-Delhi 110077 India ,grid.411155.50000 0001 1533 858XDepartment of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand 263001 India
| | - Francine Dorgelesse Kouemo Motse
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Douala, 24157 Douala, Cameroon ,Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, 1274 Yaoundé, Cameroon ,grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XLaboratory of Parasitology, Mycology and Virology, Postgraduate Training Unit for Health Sciences, Postgraduate School for Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of Douala, 24157 Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Veena Pande
- grid.411155.50000 0001 1533 858XDepartment of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand 263001 India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- grid.419641.f0000 0000 9285 6594ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New-Delhi 110077 India
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Brashear AM, Cui L. Population genomics in neglected malaria parasites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984394. [PMID: 36160257 PMCID: PMC9493318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria elimination includes neglected human malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale spp., and Plasmodium malariae. Biological features such as association with low-density infection and the formation of hypnozoites responsible for relapse make their elimination challenging. Studies on these parasites rely primarily on clinical samples due to the lack of long-term culture techniques. With improved methods to enrich parasite DNA from clinical samples, whole-genome sequencing of the neglected malaria parasites has gained increasing popularity. Population genomics of more than 2200 P. vivax global isolates has improved our knowledge of parasite biology and host-parasite interactions, identified vaccine targets and potential drug resistance markers, and provided a new way to track parasite migration and introduction and monitor the evolutionary response of local populations to elimination efforts. Here, we review advances in population genomics for neglected malaria parasites, discuss how the rich genomic information is being used to understand parasite biology and epidemiology, and explore opportunities for the applications of malaria genomic data in malaria elimination practice.
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Mbama Ntabi JD, Lissom A, Djontu JC, Diafouka-Kietela S, Vouvoungui C, Boumpoutou RK, Mayela J, Nguiffo-Nguete D, Nkemngo FN, Ndo C, Akoton R, Agonhossou R, Lenga A, Boussougou-Sambe ST, Djogbénou L, Wondji C, Adegnika AA, Borrmann S, Ntoumi F. Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:209. [PMID: 35706053 PMCID: PMC9200623 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species infections is scarce in many countries, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (hereafter Republic of the Congo) where malaria is highly endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of non-P. falciparum species infections in the region south of Brazzaville. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in volunteers living in rural and urban settings during the dry and rainy seasons in 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Plasmodium infection in blood samples was detected by microscopic analysis and nested PCR (sub-microscopic analysis). RESULTS Of the 773 participants enrolled in the study, 93.7% were from the rural area, of whom 97% were afebrile. The prevalence of microscopic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium spp. infection was 31.2% and 63.7%, respectively. Microscopic Plasmodium malariae infection was found in 1.3% of participants, while sub-microscopic studies detected a prevalence of 14.9% for P. malariae and 5.3% for Plasmodium ovale. The rate of co-infection of P. malariae or P. ovale with P. falciparum was 8.3% and 2.6%, respectively. Higher rates of sub-microscopic infection were reported for the urban area without seasonal fluctuation. In contrast, non-P. falciparum species infection was more pronounced in the rural area, with the associated risk of the prevalence of sub-microscopic P. malariae infection increasing during the dry season. CONCLUSION There is a need to include non-P. falciparum species in malaria control programs, surveillance measures and eradication strategies in the Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jolivet Mayela
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francis Nongley Nkemngo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Romaric Akoton
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), BP 88, Cotonou, Benin.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Romuald Agonhossou
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), BP 88, Cotonou, Benin.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Arsène Lenga
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Luc Djogbénou
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), BP 88, Cotonou, Benin.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Charles Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), BP 88, Cotonou, Benin.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in sub-Saharan Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061147. [PMID: 35744665 PMCID: PMC9227610 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P. ovale was until recently thought to be a single unique species. However, the deployment of more sensitive tools has led to increased diagnostic sensitivity, including new evidence supporting the presence of two sympatric species: P. ovale curtisi (Poc) and P. ovale wallikeri (Pow). The increased reports and evolution of P. ovale subspecies are concerning for sub-Saharan Africa where the greatest burden of malaria is borne. Employing published sequence data, we set out to decipher the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri using the tryptophan-rich protein and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes from Gabon, Senegal, Ethiopia and Kenya. Higher number of segregating sites were recorded in Poc isolates from Gabon than from Ethiopia, with a similar trend in the number of haplotypes. With regards to Pow, the number of segregating sites and haplotypes from Ethiopia were higher than from those in Gabon. Poc from Kenya, had higher segregating sites (20), and haplotypes (4) than isolates from Senegal (8 and 3 respectively), while nucleotide from Senegal were more diverse (θw = 0.02159; π = 0.02159) than those from Kenya (θw = 0.01452; π = 0.01583). Phylogenetic tree construction reveal two large clades with Poc from Gabon and Ethiopia, and distinct Gabonese and Ethiopian clades on opposite ends. A similar observation was recorded for the phylogeny of Poc isolates from Kenya and Senegal. With such results, there is a high potential that ovale malaria control measures deployed in one country may be effective in the other since parasite from both countries show some degree of relatedness. How this translates to malaria control efforts throughout the continent would be next step deserving more studies.
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7
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Sercundes MK, Ortolan LS, da Silva Julio V, Bella LM, de Castro Quirino T, Debone D, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Christoffolete MA, Martins JO, D'Império Lima MR, Alvarez JM, Amarante-Mendes GP, Gonçalves LA, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Blockade of caspase cascade overcomes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 35145061 PMCID: PMC8831525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an enormous burden on global health that caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. Severe malaria can manifest in the lungs, an illness known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Not much is known about the development of malaria-associated ARDS (MA-ARDS), especially regarding cell death in the lungs. We had previously established a murine model that mimics various human ARDS aspects, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhages, pleural effusion, and hypoxemia, using DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here, we explored the mechanisms and the involvement of apoptosis in this syndrome. We found that apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS, primarily as facilitators of the alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. The protection of pulmonary endothelium by inhibiting caspase activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathogenicity of MA-ARDS. Therefore, intervention in the programmed death cell mechanism could help patients not to develop severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Sercundes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana S Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Global Infectious Disease, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viviane da Silva Julio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Bella
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thatyane de Castro Quirino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Debone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joilson O Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José M Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Antunes Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bal M, Rana R, Das A, Khuntia HK, Somalkar N, Sahoo N, Ghosal J, Pati S, Dutta A, Ranjit M. Neglected malaria parasites in hard-to-reach areas of Odisha, India: implications in elimination programme. Malar J 2021; 20:482. [PMID: 34949205 PMCID: PMC8698664 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information on the foci of Plasmodium species infections is essential for any country heading towards elimination. Odisha, one of the malaria-endemic states of India is targeting elimination of malaria by 2030. To support decision-making regarding targeted intervention, the distribution of Plasmodium species infections was investigated in hard-to-reach areas where a special malaria elimination drive, namely Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran (DAMaN) began in 2017. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2228 households during July to November 2019 in six districts, to evaluate the occurrence of Plasmodium species. The species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing, in case of Plasmodium ovale. Results Of the 3557 blood specimens tested, malaria infection was detected in 282 (7.8%) specimens by PCR. Of the total positive samples, 14.1% were P. ovale spp. and 10.3% were Plasmodium malariae infections. The majority of P. ovale spp. (75.8%) infections were mixed with either Plasmodium falciparum and/or Plasmodium vivax and found to be distributed in three geophysical regions (Northern-plateau, Central Tableland and Eastern Ghat) of the State, while P. malariae has been found in Northern-plateau and Eastern Ghat regions. Speciation revealed occurrence of both Plasmodium ovale curtisi (classic type) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (variant type). Conclusions In the present study a considerable number of P. ovale spp. and P. malariae were detected in a wide geographical areas of Odisha State, which contributes around 40% of the country’s total malaria burden. For successful elimination of malaria within the framework of national programme, P. ovale spp. along with P. malariae needs to be incorporated in surveillance system, especially when P. falciparum and P. vivax spp. are in rapid decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Bal
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Ramakanta Rana
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Arundhuti Das
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Khuntia
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Nilam Somalkar
- Regional Office for Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Sahoo
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyoti Ghosal
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Ambarish Dutta
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
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9
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Epidemiological, Physiological and Diagnostic Comparison of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101900. [PMID: 34679597 PMCID: PMC8534334 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Plasmodium ovale is divided into two non-recombinant sympatric species: Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi. In this mini review, we summarize the available knowledge on the clinical/biological aspects of P. ovale spp. malaria and current techniques for the diagnosis/characterisation of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. P. ovale wallikeri infections are characterized by a deeper thrombocytopenia and shorter latency compared to P. ovale curtisi infections, indicating that P. ovale wallikeri is more pathogenic than P. ovale curtisi. Rapid diagnosis for effective management is difficult for P. ovale spp., since specific rapid diagnostic tests are not available and microscopic diagnosis, which is recognized as the gold standard, requires expert microscopists to differentiate P. ovale spp. from other Plasmodium species. Neglect in addressing these issues in the prevalence of P. ovale spp. represents the existing gap in the fight against malaria.
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10
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Nundu SS, Culleton R, Simpson SV, Arima H, Muyembe JJ, Mita T, Ahuka S, Yamamoto T. Malaria parasite species composition of Plasmodium infections among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in rural and urban areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malar J 2021; 20:389. [PMID: 34600558 PMCID: PMC8487491 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a major public health concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and school-age children are relatively neglected in malaria prevalence surveys and may constitute a significant reservoir of transmission. This study aimed to understand the burden of malaria infections in school-age children in Kinshasa/DRC. METHODS A total of 634 (427 asymptomatic and 207 symptomatic) blood samples collected from school-age children aged 6 to 14 years were analysed by microscopy, RDT and Nested-PCR. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Plasmodium spp. by microscopy, RDT and PCR was 33%, 42% and 62% among asymptomatic children and 59%, 64% and 95% in symptomatic children, respectively. The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. by PCR was 58%, 20% and 11% among asymptomatic and 93%, 13% and 16% in symptomatic children, respectively. Among P. ovale spp., P. ovale curtisi, P. ovale wallikeri and mixed P. ovale curtisi + P. ovale wallikeri accounted for 75%, 24% and 1% of infections, respectively. All Plasmodium species infections were significantly more prevalent in the rural area compared to the urban area in asymptomatic infections (p < 0.001). Living in a rural as opposed to an urban area was associated with a five-fold greater risk of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage (p < 0.001). Amongst asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers, 43% and 16% of children harboured mixed Plasmodium with P. falciparum infections in the rural and the urban areas, respectively, whereas in symptomatic malaria infections, it was 22% and 26%, respectively. Few children carried single infections of P. malariae (2.2%) and P. ovale spp. (1.9%). CONCLUSION School-age children are at significant risk from both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria infections. Continuous systematic screening and treatment of school-age children in high-transmission settings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin S Nundu
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Richard Culleton
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Shirley V Simpson
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arima
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steve Ahuka
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Ansah F, Suurbaar J, Darko D, Anabire NG, Blankson SO, Domson BKS, Soulama A, Kpasra P, Chirawurah JD, Amenga-Etego L, Kanyong P, Awandare GA, Aniweh Y. Development of Cooperative Primer-Based Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1393-1403. [PMID: 34425259 PMCID: PMC8591562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale are increasingly gaining public health attention as the global transmission of falciparum malaria is decreasing. However, the absence of reliable Plasmodium species-specific detection tools has hampered accurate diagnosis of these minor Plasmodium species. In this study, SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assays were developed for the detection of P. malariae and P. ovale using cooperative primers that significantly limit the formation and propagation of primers-dimers. Both the P. malariae and P. ovale cooperative primer-based assays had at least 10-fold lower detection limit compared with the corresponding conventional primer-based assays. More important, the cooperative primer-based assays were evaluated in a cross-sectional study using 560 samples obtained from two health facilities in Ghana. The prevalence rates of P. malariae and P. ovale among the combined study population were 18.6% (104/560) and 5.5% (31/560), respectively. Among the Plasmodium-positive cases, P. malariae and P. ovale mono-infections were 3.6% (18/499) and 1.0% (5/499), respectively, with the remaining being co-infections with Plasmodium falciparum. The study demonstrates the public health importance of including detection tools with lower detection limits in routine diagnosis and surveillance of nonfalciparum species. This will be necessary for comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of malaria interventions and control measures aimed toward global malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Suurbaar
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Derrick Darko
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nsoh G Anabire
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samuel O Blankson
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bright K S Domson
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alamissa Soulama
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paulina Kpasra
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jersley D Chirawurah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lucas Amenga-Etego
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Flexmedical Solutions Ltd., Eliburn Industrial Park, Livingston, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Oyedeji SI, Awobode HO, Ojurongbe O, Anumudu C, Bassi PU. Molecular Identification and Characterization of Plasmodium ovale curtisi in Field Isolates from Symptomatic Children in North-Central Nigeria. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:915-924. [PMID: 33710479 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasmodium ovale is not usually the focus of most malaria research or intervention programmes and has lately been termed the neglected human malaria parasites. The parasite exists as two genetically distinct sympatric species namely P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri but information on the distribution of P. ovale sub-species is lacking in Nigeria. The objective of this study, therefore, was aimed at characterizing the P. ovale sub-species in isolates from symptomatic individuals in North-central Nigeria. METHODS Parasites were identified by light microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films. Molecular characterization and confirmation of P. ovale sub-species were done by species-specific nested PCR and sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene. RESULTS A total of 412 children were enrolled into this study of which 88.6% (n = 365) were positive for Plasmodium species by nested PCR and P. falciparum was predominant. Of the 365 isolates, 4 (1.1%) had P. ovale infections and of these, 3 (0.8%) were mixed species infections of P. ovale with P. falciparum. DNA sequence analysis confirmed that all the four P. ovale parasites were P. ovale curtisi as their sequences were 99-100% identical to previously published P. ovale curtisi sequences in the GenBank and they cluster with the P. ovale curtisi sequences by phylogeny. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the occurrence of P. ovale curtisi in the study area. This has implications for public health and malaria elimination programmes, since they also serve as potential risk to travellers from malaria-free regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun Isaac Oyedeji
- Molecular Parasitology and Genetics Unit, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | | | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Chiaka Anumudu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter Usman Bassi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Chaturvedi R, Deora N, Bhandari D, Parvez S, Sinha A, Sharma A. Trends of neglected Plasmodium species infection in humans over the past century in India. One Health 2021; 11:100190. [PMID: 33251321 PMCID: PMC7683271 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts for malaria elimination in India focus solely on the more prevalent human malaria parasites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv). The three non-Pf/Pv species - Plasmodium malariae (Pm), Plasmodium ovale (Po) and Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) are seldom studied though they are often present as mixed infections with Pf/Pv and thus may be misdiagnosed. This study provides a comprehensive landscape of Pm, Po, and Pk infections from 1930 to 2020. METHODOLOGY We systematically searched for published literature on Pm, Po, and Pk in India from PubMed database and collated data from 35 studies. The data, starting from 1930, were mapped decade-wise across India. The prevalence of the three neglected Plasmodium species and their proportional contribution to reported Plasmodium mixed-infection were also calculated and analysed. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Amongst the three non-Pf/Pv species, Pm infections have been reported in greater numbers across India and were mostly mono-infections till 1980. From 1983 onwards, reports of Pm mixed infections with Pf/Pv started to emerge. In contrast, reports on occurrence of Po are still rare barring few mixed infection studies. Further, Pk mono- and mixed cases were first reported in 2004 in India and Pk now has been found reported from four Indian states. CONCLUSION This is the first account of country-wide assimilation of reported malaria parasite species data that covers Pm, Po, and Pk infection profiles from 1930 to 2020. This study illustrates the need to survey all 5 human malaria parasite species in India and to target them collectively during the malaria elimination phase.
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Key Words
- ACT, Artemisinin-based combination therapy
- AL, Artemether-Lumefantrine
- AS, Artesunate
- CDC, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
- DBS, Dried Blood Spots
- G6PD, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase.
- IV, intravenous
- LAMP, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
- Neglected Plasmodium species
- P. knowlesi
- P. malariae
- P. ovale
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- POC, Point of Care,
- RDT, Rapid Diagnostic Tests
- SP, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine
- malaria
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Chaturvedi
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimita Deora
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepam Bhandari
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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Mahittikorn A, Masangkay FR, Kotepui KU, Milanez GDJ, Kotepui M. Comparison of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infections by a meta-analysis approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6409. [PMID: 33742015 PMCID: PMC7979700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale species is considered a neglected tropical disease with limited information about its characteristics. It also remains unclear whether the two distinct species P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri exhibit differences in their prevalence, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, or laboratory parameters. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify these differences to support global malaria control and eradication programs. Studies reporting the occurrence of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri were explored in databases. Differences in proportion, clinical data, and laboratory parameters between the two species were estimated using a random-effects model and expressed as pooled odds ratios (ORs), mean difference (MD), or standardized MD depending on the types of extracted data. The difference in geographical distribution was visualized by mapping the origin of the two species. A total of 1453 P. ovale cases extracted from 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The p-value in the meta-analyses provided evidence favoring a real difference between P. ovale curtisi malaria cases (809/1453, 55.7%) and P. ovale wallikeri malaria cases (644/1453, 44.3%) (p: 0.01, OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.71-3.63, I2: 77%). Subgroup analyses established evidence favoring a real difference between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri malaria cases among the imported cases (p: 0.02, 1135 cases). The p value in the meta-analyses provided evidence favoring a real difference in the mean latency period between P. ovale curtisi (289 cases) and P. ovale wallikeri malaria (266 cases) (p: 0.03, MD: 27.59, 95% CI 1.99-53.2, I2: 94%), total leukocyte count (p < 0.0001, MD: 840, 95% CI 610-1070, I2: 0%, two studies) and platelet count (p < 0.0001, MD: 44,750, 95% CI 2900-60,500, I2: 32%, three studies). Four continents were found to have reports of P. ovale spp., among which Africa had the highest number of reports for both P. ovale spp. in its 37 countries, with a global proportion of 94.46%, and an almost equal distribution of both P. ovale spp., where P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri reflected 53.09% and 46.90% of the continent's proportion, respectively. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate the differences in the characteristics of the two distinct P. ovale species. Malaria caused by P. ovale curtisi was found in higher proportions among imported cases and had longer latency periods, higher platelet counts, and higher total leukocyte counts than malaria caused by P. ovale wallikeri. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the differences or similarities between these two species to promote malaria control and effective eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frederick Ramirez Masangkay
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Giovanni De Jesus Milanez
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Kojom Foko LP, Kouemo Motse FD, Kamgain Mawabo L, Pande V, Singh V. First evidence of local circulation of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and reliability of a malaria rapid diagnostic test among symptomatic outpatients in Douala, Cameroon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 91:104797. [PMID: 33676011 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The performances of a commonly used Plasmodium falciparum-detecting rapid diagnostic test (RDT) were determined in symptomatic individuals living in Cameroon. Discrepancies between RDT and light microscopy (LM) results were further investigated, with a focus on non-falciparum malaria (NFM) which are still largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) countries. In the present study, a total of 355 individuals aged 1-65 years were enrolled in the study. Their signs/symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were documented. The RDT reliability was evaluated using LM as gold standard method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Plasmodium 18S gene was performed for samples with discordant results between LM and RDT (i.e., RDT-/LM+, and RDT+/LM-). The PCR amplicons of NFM species were sequenced and BLASTed. The prevalence of malaria infection by LM was 95.7% (95% CI: 93.1-97.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of RDT for P. falciparum detection was 94.0% and 66.7%, respectively. By PCR assay, P. ovale curtisi (PoC) was found in 5 of the 30 discordant samples, and on sequence analysis these isolates were found to be phylogenetically closer to sequences reported from China-Myanmar border and Malaysia. This is the first report on molecular characterization of P. ovale subspecies in Cameroon. The study also outlines the good diagnostic performances of the RDT for detection of P. falciparum. Though, the presence of PoC indicated the importance of having RDTs targeting the NFM species in malaria diagnosis and treatment, which is presently limited in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loick P Kojom Foko
- Cell Biology Laboratory and Malaria Parasite Bank, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi 110077, India; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Kumaun University, Naini Tāl 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Francine D Kouemo Motse
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Kumaun University, Naini Tāl 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Cell Biology Laboratory and Malaria Parasite Bank, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi 110077, India.
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Pasini EM, Kocken CHM. Parasite-Host Interaction and Pathophysiology Studies of the Human Relapsing Malarias Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Infections in Non-Human Primates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614122. [PMID: 33680982 PMCID: PMC7925837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a serious health concern across the globe. Historically neglected, non-Falciparum human malarias were put back on the agenda by a paradigm shift in the fight against malaria from malaria control to malaria eradication. Here, we review the modeling of the relapsing parasites Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) and Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) in non-human primates with a specific focus on the contribution of these models to our current understanding of the factors that govern parasite-host interactions in P. vivax and P. ovale parasite biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Pasini
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Clemens H M Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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Large Variations in Malaria Parasite Carriage by Afebrile School Children Living in Nearby Communities in the Central Region of Ghana. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:4125109. [PMID: 33029151 PMCID: PMC7528039 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indicators of successful malaria control interventions include a reduction in the prevalence and densities of malaria parasites contained in both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections as well as a reduction in malaria transmission. Individuals harboring malaria parasites in asymptomatic infections serve as reservoirs for malaria transmission. This study determined the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage in afebrile children attending six different schools in two districts, the Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly (CCMA) and the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem (KEEA) of the Central Region of Ghana. Methods This cross sectional study recruited afebrile children aged between 3 and 15 years old from six randomly selected schools in the Central Region of Ghana. Finger-pricked blood was collected and used to prepare thick and thin blood smears as well as spot a strip of filter paper (Whatman #3). Nested PCR was used to identify Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax in DNA extracted from the filter paper spots. The multiplicity of P. falciparum infection was determined using merozoite surface protein 2 genotyping. Results Out of the 528 children sampled, PCR identified 27.1% to harbor Plasmodium parasites in asymptomatic infections, whilst microscopy identified malaria parasites in 10.6% of the children. The overall PCR estimated prevalence of P. falciparum and P. malariae was 26.6% and 1.3%, respectively, with no P. ovale or P. vivax identified by PCR or microscopy. The RDT positivity rate ranged from 55.8% in Simiw to 4.5% in Kuful. Children from the Simiw Basic School accounted for 87.5% of all the asymptomatic infections. The multiplicity of P. falciparum infection was predominantly monoclonal and biclonal. Conclusions The low prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage by the children living in the Cape Coast Metropolis suggests that the malaria control interventions in place in CCMA are highly effective and that additional malaria control interventions are required for the KEEA district to reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers. No molecular evidence of P. ovale and P. vivax was identified in the afebrile children sampled from the selected schools.
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Severity and mortality of severe Plasmodium ovale infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235014. [PMID: 32559238 PMCID: PMC7304606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium ovale can infect humans, causing malaria disease. We aimed to investigate the severity and mortality of severe P. ovale infection to increase the awareness of physicians regarding the prognosis of this severe disease and outcome-related deaths in countries in which this disease is endemic. Articles that were published in the PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases prior to January 5, 2020 and reported the prevalence of severe P. ovale infection were systematically searched and reviewed. Studies that mainly reported severe P. ovale infection according to the 2014 WHO criteria for the treatment of malaria were included. Two reviewers selected, identified, assessed, and extracted data from studies independently. The pooled prevalence of severe P. ovale mono-infections was estimated using the command “metaprop case population, random/fixed”, which yielded the pooled estimate, 95% confidence interval (CI) and the I2 value, indicating the level of heterogeneity. Meta-analyses of the proportions were performed using a random-effects model to explore the different proportions of severity between patients with P. ovale and those with other Plasmodium species infections. Among the eight studies that were included and had a total of 1,365 ovale malaria cases, the pooled prevalence of severe P. ovale was 0.03 (95% CI = 0.03–0.05%, I2 = 54.4%). Jaundice (1.1%), severe anemia (0.88%), and pulmonary impairments (0.59%) were the most common severe complications found in patients infected with P. ovale. The meta-analysis demonstrated that a smaller proportion of patients with P. ovale than of patients with P. falciparum had severe infections (P-value = 0.01, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16–0.81, I2 = 72%). The mortality rate of severe P. ovale infections was 0.15% (2/1,365 cases). Although severe complications of P. ovale infections in patients are rare, it is very important to increase the awareness of physicians regarding the prognosis of severe P. ovale infections in patients, especially in a high-risk population.
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Yerlikaya S, Campillo A, Gonzalez IJ. A Systematic Review: Performance of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale Monoinfections in Human Blood. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:265-276. [PMID: 29554284 PMCID: PMC6009649 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increased use and worldwide distribution of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that distinguish between Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum species, little is known about their performance detecting Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk), Plasmodium malariae (Pm), and Plasmodium ovale (Po). This review seeks to analyze the results of published studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of malaria RDTs in detecting Pk, Pm, and Po monoinfections. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched to identify studies that reported the performance of RDTs in detecting Pk, Pm, and Po monoinfections. Results Among 40 studies included in the review, 3 reported on Pk, 8 on Pm, 5 on Po, 1 on Pk and Pm, and 23 on Pm and Po infections. In the meta-analysis, estimates of sensitivities of RDTs in detecting Pk infections ranged 2%-48%. Test performances for Pm and Po infections were less accurate and highly heterogeneous, mainly because of the small number of samples tested. Conclusions Limited data available suggest that malaria RDTs show suboptimal performance for detecting Pk, Pm, and Po infections. New improved RDTs and appropriately designed cross-sectional studies to demonstrate the usefulness of RDTs in the detection of neglected Plasmodium species are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yerlikaya
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Campillo
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Iveth J Gonzalez
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Yman V, Wandell G, Mutemi DD, Miglar A, Asghar M, Hammar U, Karlsson M, Lind I, Nordfjell C, Rooth I, Ngasala B, Homann MV, Färnert A. Persistent transmission of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species in an area of declining Plasmodium falciparum transmission in eastern Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007414. [PMID: 31136585 PMCID: PMC6555537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in the global burden of malaria over the past two decades has encouraged efforts for regional malaria elimination. Despite the need to target all Plasmodium species, current focus is mainly directed towards Plasmodium falciparum, and to a lesser extent P. vivax. There is a substantial lack of data on both global and local transmission patterns of the neglected malaria parasites P. malariae and P. ovale spp. We used a species-specific real-time PCR assay targeting the Plasmodium 18s rRNA gene to evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of all human malaria parasites over a 22-year period in a rural village in Tanzania.We tested 2897 blood samples collected in five cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1994 and 2016. Infections with P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale spp. were detected throughout the study period, while P. vivax was not detected. Between 1994 and 2010, we found a more than 90% reduction in the odds of infection with all detected species. The odds of P. falciparum infection was further reduced in 2016, while the odds of P. malariae and P. ovale spp. infection increased 2- and 6-fold, respectively, compared to 2010. In 2016, non-falciparum species occurred more often as mono-infections. The results demonstrate the persistent transmission of P. ovale spp., and to a lesser extent P. malariae despite a continued decline in P. falciparum transmission. This illustrates that the transmission patterns of the non-falciparum species do not necessarily follow those of P. falciparum, stressing the need for attention towards non-falciparum malaria in Africa. Malaria elimination will require a better understanding of the epidemiology of P. malariae and P. ovale spp. and improved tools for monitoring the transmission of all Plasmodium species, with a particular focus towards identifying asymptomatic carriers of infection and designing appropriate interventions to enhance malaria control. The reduction in the global burden of malaria has encouraged efforts for elimination. Attempts to control and monitor transmission have mainly focused on the predominant malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. However, eliminating malaria requires the elimination of all human malaria parasites and limited interest has been directed towards estimating the disease burden attributable to the neglected malaria parasites P. ovale spp. and P. malariae. The authors used molecular methods to analyse 2897 blood samples collected in five cross-sectional surveys over a period of 22 years, and described the transmission patterns of all human malaria parasites in a Tanzanian village. They demonstrate a persistent transmission of P. malariae and P. ovale spp. despite a substantial reduction in transmission of P. falciparum, highlighting the need for more attention towards non-falciparum malaria. The authors discuss the implications of these findings in the context of current efforts for regional malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grace Wandell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Doreen D Mutemi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Aurelie Miglar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Karlsson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Lind
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cleis Nordfjell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Rooth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Billy Ngasala
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manijeh Vafa Homann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira ECD, Fontes CJF, Melo AVGD, Oliveira RCD, Guterres A, Fernandes J, Silva RGD, Atanaka M, Espinosa MM, Lemos ERSD. Malaria and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Gold Mining in the Amazon Region, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101852. [PMID: 31130600 PMCID: PMC6571568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
People living in mining regions are exposed to numerous biological agents by several specific types of transmission mechanisms. This study is designed to describe fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases confirmed by serology and molecular analysis, where a seroprevalence survey was conducted in the gold mining regions of the state of Mato Grosso, in the official Amazon region, Brazil. Two fatal cases of HPS were confirmed in a mining area in the Legal Amazon, where malaria is one of the most important public health problems. A molecular analysis detected the presence of the genome of the Castelo dos Sonhos virus. Out of the 112 blood samples analyzed, five were positive for Plasmodium infection (four P. falciparum and one P. vivax), and four were seropositive for hantavirus, showing a seroprevalence of 3.57%. One of the four miners who was seroreactive for hantavirus concomitantly had P. falciparum infection, which was confirmed by thick blood smear. This manuscript highlights the importance of considering hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as a diagnostic possibility in febrile infection associated with pulmonary manifestations in mining areas where malaria cases are often identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettel
- Nursing Department, Mato Grosso State University Campus Tangará da Serra, Tangara da Serra (MT) 78300-000, Brazil.
- Department, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiaba (MT) 78000-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Institute, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21000-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Institute, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21000-000, Brazil.
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Institute, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21000-000, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Gomes da Silva
- Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Institute, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21000-000, Brazil.
| | - Marina Atanaka
- Department, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiaba (MT) 78000-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Institute, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21000-000, Brazil.
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22
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Assessment of false negative rates of lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium ovale detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007254. [PMID: 30856189 PMCID: PMC6428349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for malaria diagnosis, but test performance and the factors that lead to failure of Plasmodium ovale detection are not well understood. In this study, three pLDH-based RDTs were evaluated using cases in China that originated in Africa. The sensitivity of Wondfo Pf/Pan, CareStart pLDH PAN and SD BIOLINE Pf/Pan in P. ovale detection was 70, 55 and 18%, respectively. CareStart was worse at detecting P. o. curtisi (36.5%) than at detecting P. o. wallikeri (75.0%), and SD could not detect P. o. curtisi. The overall detection ratio of all three RDTs decreased with parasite density and pLDH concentration. Wondfo, CareStart and SD detected only 75.0, 78.1 and 46.9% of the P. ovale cases, respectively, even when the parasitemia were higher than 5000 parasites/μL. Subspecies of P. ovale should be considered while to improve RDT quality for P. ovale diagnosis to achieve the goal of malaria elimination. Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) are under-estimated and overshadowed by other malaria parasites in tropical countries, which can cause chronic infections that last from months to years. The chronic infection caused by P. ovale should be of concern in the context of the long-term goal of eliminating malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is one of the WHO recommended tools to confirm the infection of plasmodium parasites, which can distinguish Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum species as well. However, little is known about their performance detecting P. ovale, and the factors that affect the efficiency of RDTs in the detection of P. ovale have not been systemically investigated. This study suggested that the performance of the three pLDH-based RDTs for P. ovale detection was not optimal, the low parasite density and pLDH concentration contributed to the failure of the RDT test for P. ovale. It provided information for the application of malaria RDTs in the field and for research and development to improve RDTs for malaria diagnosis.
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Lu F, Ahmed MA, Xu S, Xu S, Han JH, Liu Q, Chen J, Zhu G, Zhou H, Cao J, Han ET. Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in Chinese travelers: Prevalence of novel genotypes of circumsporozoite protein in the African continent. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 70:9-14. [PMID: 30763775 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Imported malaria due to Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri infections from African countries has increased recently (2011-2014) in Chinese travelers. We report novel genotypes, their prevalence and the predominant haplotypes of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from 20 African countries in Chinese travelers. These genotypes should be considered while designing a CSP-based vaccine against P. ovale malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Atique Ahmed
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Qianyan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoding Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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24
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D'Abramo A, Gebremeskel Tekle S, Iannetta M, Scorzolini L, Oliva A, Paglia MG, Corpolongo A, Nicastri E. Severe Plasmodium ovale malaria complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome in a young Caucasian man. Malar J 2018; 17:139. [PMID: 29609605 PMCID: PMC5879577 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Plasmodium ovale is considered the cause of only mild malaria, a case of severe malaria due to P. ovale with acute respiratory distress syndrome is reported. Case presentation A 37-year old Caucasian man returning home from Angola was admitted for ovale malaria to the National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani in Rome, Italy. Two days after initiation of oral chloroquine treatment, an acute respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed through chest X-ray and chest CT scan with intravenous contrast. Intravenous artesunate and oral doxycycline were started and he made a full recovery. Conclusion Ovale malaria is usually considered a tropical infectious disease associated with low morbidity and mortality. However, severe disease and death have occasionally been reported. In this case clinical failure of oral chloroquine treatment with clinical progression towards acute respiratory distress syndrome is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D'Abramo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Saba Gebremeskel Tekle
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Iannetta
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Scorzolini
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Paglia
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Corpolongo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
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Joste V, Kamaliddin C, Kendjo E, Hubert V, Argy N, Houzé S. Distinction of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction with High Resolution Melting revelation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:300. [PMID: 29321578 PMCID: PMC5762660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium ovale curtisi (Poc) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (Pow) have been described as two distinct species, only distinguishable by molecular methods such as PCR. Because of no well-defined endemic area and a variable clinical presentation as higher thrombocytopenia and nausea associated with Pow infection and asymptomatic forms of the pathology with Poc infection, rapid and specific identification of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate a new quantitative real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting revelation (qPCR-HRM) for identification of both species. Results were compared with a nested-PCR, considered as a gold standard for Pow and Poc distinction. 356 samples including all human Plasmodium species at various parasitaemia were tested. The qPCR-HRM assay allowed Poc and Pow discrimination in 66 samples tested with a limit of detection evaluated at 1 parasite/µL. All these results were concordant with nested-PCR. Cross-reaction was absent with others blood parasites. The qPCR-HRM is a rapid and convenient technique to Poc and Pow distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Joste
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France.
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - C Kamaliddin
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR216- MERIT, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75006, France
| | - E Kendjo
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Pitié Salpetrière hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - V Hubert
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR216- MERIT, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75006, France
| | - N Argy
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR216- MERIT, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75006, France
| | - S Houzé
- National French Malaria Reference Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, 75018, Paris, France
- UMR216- MERIT, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, 75006, France
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[Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi Malaria in Senegal in 2016]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:286-290. [PMID: 29127650 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-017-0578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently in Senegal, a case of Plasmodium ovale malaria had led to a diagnostic difficulty due to the ignorance of this parasite and the neglect of it. The objective of this study was to actively investigate cases of P. ovale malaria that would be misdiagnosed in the health centre structures of Senegal. The study was conducted in three areas that reflect different epidemiological strata of malaria. Microscopy was performed by microscopy experts on suspected malaria patients. The results were validated by Rougemont real-time PCR. Positive P. ovale cases were genotyped by nested PCR targeting the potra gene. A total of 406 samples were taken. Microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin smears recorded 228 cases of Plasmodium falciparum (97%), 3 cases of Plasmodium malariae (1.3%), and 4 cases of P. ovale (1.7%). The cases of P. ovale observed at microscopy were confirmed by real-time PCR. Genotyping of P. ovale revealed 3 cases of P. ovale wallikeri and 1 case of P. ovale curtisi. The prevalence of P. ovale malaria remains low in Senegal. However, malaria microscopists should be trained to recognize non-falciparum species in order to avoid the diagnostic delays and unnecessary investigations. National malaria control program should consider those species for the better management of malaria control in the country. Simplified molecular methods like, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be useful to better characterize the epidemiology of non-falciparum malaria.
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27
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Val F, Machado K, Barbosa L, Salinas JL, Siqueira AM, Costa Alecrim MG, del Portillo H, Bassat Q, Monteiro WM, Guimarães Lacerda MV. Respiratory Complications of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:733-743. [PMID: 28722625 PMCID: PMC5590608 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a major global public health problem, is mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and is responsible for nearly half a million deaths annually. Although P. vivax malaria was not believed to cause severe disease, recent robust studies have proved otherwise. However, the clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of severe vivax malaria and, especially, its respiratory complications remain poorly understood. A systematic search for articles reporting respiratory complications associated with vivax malaria was performed in Lilacs, Cochrane, Scielo, Web of Science, and Medline databases irrespective of publication date. Prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated mortality among vivax patients were calculated from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, whereas factors associated with mortality were calculated from data pooled from case reports and series of cases. A total of 101 studies were included (49 cross-sectional or longitudinal and 52 case reports or series of cases). Prevalence of ARDS was 2.8% and 2.2% in children and adults, respectively, with nearly 50% mortality. Moreover, female sex (P = 0.013), having any comorbidity (P = 0.036), lower body temperature (P = 0.032), lower hemoglobin (P = 0.043), and oxygen saturation (P = 0.053) values were significantly associated with mortality. Plasmodium vivax malaria respiratory complications included ARDS and were associated with high mortality. Demographics and clinical characteristics upon presentation to hospital were associated with mortality among patients with respiratory complications in vivax malaria. This study reaffirms the evidence of severe and fatal complications of P. vivax malaria and its associated respiratory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kim Machado
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Barbosa
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - André Machado Siqueira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Graças Costa Alecrim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hernando del Portillo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) and ICREA and Institut d’Investigacioì Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) and ICREA, Badalona, Spain
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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28
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Akerele D, Ljolje D, Talundzic E, Udhayakumar V, Lucchi NW. Molecular diagnosis of Plasmodium ovale by photo-induced electron transfer fluorogenic primers: PET-PCR. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640824 PMCID: PMC5480860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of malaria infections continues to be challenging and elusive, especially in the detection of submicroscopic infections. Developing new malaria diagnostic tools that are sensitive enough to detect low-level infections, user friendly, cost effective and capable of performing large scale diagnosis, remains critical. We have designed novel self-quenching photo-induced electron transfer (PET) fluorogenic primers for the detection of P. ovale by real-time PCR. In our study, a total of 173 clinical samples, consisting of different malaria species, were utilized to test this novel PET-PCR primer. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated using nested-PCR as the reference test. The novel primer set demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 99.2% (95% CI 85.2–99.8% and 95.2–99.9% respectively). Furthermore, the limit of detection for P. ovale was found to be 1 parasite/μl. The PET-PCR assay is a new molecular diagnostic tool with comparable performance to other commonly used PCR methods. It is relatively easy to perform, and amiable to large scale malaria surveillance studies and malaria control and elimination programs. Further field validation of this novel primer will be helpful to ascertain the utility for large scale malaria screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Akerele
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dragan Ljolje
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eldin Talundzic
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Naomi W. Lucchi
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Groger M, Fischer HS, Veletzky L, Lalremruata A, Ramharter M. A systematic review of the clinical presentation, treatment and relapse characteristics of human Plasmodium ovale malaria. Malar J 2017; 16:112. [PMID: 28284211 PMCID: PMC5346189 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased efforts to control and ultimately eradicate human malaria, Plasmodium ovale malaria is for the most part outside the focus of research or public health programmes. Importantly, the understanding of P. ovale-nowadays regarded as the two distinct species P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi-largely stems from case reports and case series lacking study designs providing high quality evidence. Consecutively, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the clinical presentation, appropriate treatment and relapse characteristics of P. ovale malaria. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a systematic appraisal of the current evidence for severe manifestations, relapse characteristics and treatment options for human P. ovale malaria. METHODS AND RESULTS This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the international prospective register for systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016039214). P. ovale mono-infection was a strict inclusion criterion. Of 3454 articles identified by the literature search, 33 articles published between 1922 and 2015 met the inclusion criteria. These articles did not include randomized controlled trials. Five prospective uncontrolled clinical trials were performed on a total of 58 participants. P. ovale was sensitive to all tested drugs within the follow-up periods and on interpretable in vitro assays. Since its first description in 1922, only 18 relapsing cases of P. ovale with a total of 28 relapse events were identified in the scientific literature. There was however no molecular evidence for a causal relationship between dormant liver stages and subsequent relapses. A total of 22 severe cases of P. ovale malaria were published out of which five were fatal. Additionally, two cases of congenital P. ovale malaria were reported. CONCLUSIONS Current knowledge of P. ovale malaria is based on small trials with minor impact, case reports and clinical observations. This systematic review highlights that P. ovale is capable of causing severe disease, severe congenital malaria and may even lead to death. Evidence for relapses in patients with P. ovale malaria adds up to only a handful of cases. Nearly 100 years after P. ovale's first description by Stephens the evidence for the clinical characteristics, relapse potential and optimal treatments for P. ovale malaria is still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Groger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Hannah S. Fischer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luzia Veletzky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Michael Ramharter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Cao Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Cotter C, Zhou H, Zhu G, Tang J, Tang F, Lu F, Xu S, Gu Y, Zhang C, Li J, Cao J. The increasing importance of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae in a malaria elimination setting: an observational study of imported cases in Jiangsu Province, China, 2011-2014. Malar J 2016; 15:459. [PMID: 27604629 PMCID: PMC5015233 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following initiation of China’s National Malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010, indigenous malaria infections in Jiangsu Province decreased significantly. Meanwhile imported Plasmodium infections have increased substantially, particularly Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. Given the risk for malaria resurgence, there is an urgent need to understand the increase in imported P. ovale and P. malariae infections as China works to achieve national malaria elimination. Methods An observational study of imported malaria cases in Jiangsu Province, China was carried out for the period of 2011–2014. Results A total of 1268 malaria cases were reported in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2014. Although imported Plasmodium falciparum cases (n = 1058) accounted for 83.4 % of all reported cases in Jiangsu, P. ovale cases (14, 19, 30, and 46) and their proportion (3.7, 9.6, 8.8, and 13.0 %) of all malaria cases increased over the 4 years. Similarly, P. malariae cases (seven, two, nine, and 10) and proportion (1.9, 1.0, 2.6, and 2.8 %) of all malaria cases increased slightly during this time. A total of 98 cases of Plasmodium ovale curtisi (47/98, 48 %) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (51/98, 52 %) were identified as well. Latency periods were significant among these Plasmodium infections (p = 0.00). Also, this study found that the latency periods of P. ovale sp., P. malariae and Plasmodium vivax were significantly longer than P. falciparum. However, for both P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri infections, the latency period analysis was not significant (p = 0.81). Misdiagnosis of both P. ovale and P. malariae was greater than 71.5 and 71.4 %, respectively. The P. ovale cases were misdiagnosed as P. falciparum (35 cases, 32.1 %), P. vivax (43 cases, 39.4 %) by lower levels of CDCs or hospitals. And, the P. malariae cases were misdiagnosed as P. falciparum (ten cases, 35.7 %), P. vivax (nine cases, 32.1 %) and P. ovale sp. (one case, 3.6 %). Geographic distribution of imported P. ovale sp. and P. malariae cases in Jiangsu Province mainly originated from sub-Saharan Africa such as Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Angola. Conclusions Although the vast majority of imported malaria cases were due to P. falciparum, the increase in other rare Plasmodium species originating from sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia should be closely monitored at all levels of health providers focusing on diagnosis and treatment of malaria. In addition to a receptive vector environment, long latency periods and misdiagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale sp. increase the risk of re-introduction of malaria in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chris Cotter
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huayun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoding Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Gu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Julin Li
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Non-falciparum malaria in Dakar: a confirmed case of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection. Malar J 2016; 15:429. [PMID: 27557982 PMCID: PMC4997729 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium ovale is rarely described in Senegal. A case of clinical malaria due to P. ovale wallikeri in West Central of Senegal is reported. Case A 34-year-old male baker in Dakar, with no significant previous medical history, was admitted to a health clinic with fever and vomiting. Fever had been lasting for 4 days with peaks every 48 h. As monospecific Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 RDT was negative, he was treated with antibiotics. However, owing to persisting symptoms, he was referred to the emergency unit of the Youssou Mbargane Diop Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. Clinical examination found impaired general condition. All other physical examinations were normal. Laboratory tests showed anaemia (haemoglobin 11.4 g/dl), severe thrombocytopaenia (platelets 30 × 109/mm3), leukopenia (3650/mm3), lymphocytopenia (650/mm3). Renal function was normal as indicated by creatininaemia and uraemia (11 mg/l and 0.25 g/l, respectively) and liver enzymes were slightly elevated (aspartate aminotransferase 77 UI/l and alanine aminotransferase 82 UI/l). Blood smear evaluations in Parasitology Laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital showed malaria parasites of the species P. ovale with a 0.08 % parasitaemia. Molecular confirmation was done by real time PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. The P. ovale infection was further analysed to species level targeting the potra gene and was identified as P. ovale wallikeri. According to the hospital’s malaria treatment guidelines for severe malaria, treatment consisted of intravenous quinine at hour 0 (start of treatment) and 24 h after initial treatment, followed by artemether–lumefantrine 24 h later. A negative microscopy was noted on day 3 post-treatment and the patient reported no further symptoms. Conclusion Malaria due to non-falciparum species is probably underestimated in Senegal. RDTs specific to non-falciparum species and/or pan specific RDTs should be included as tools of diagnosis to fight against malaria in Senegal. In addition, a field-deployable molecular tool such as the loop-mediated isothermal amplification can be considered as an additional useful tool to detect low malaria parasite infections and for speciation. In addition, national malaria control policies should consider other non-falciparum species in treatment guidelines, including the provision of primaquine for the treatment of relapsing parasites.
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Sutherland CJ. Persistent Parasitism: The Adaptive Biology of Malariae and Ovale Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:808-819. [PMID: 27480365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium malariae causes malaria in humans throughout the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri are sympatric sibling species common in sub-Saharan Africa and also found in Oceania and Asia. Although rarely identified as the cause of malaria cases in endemic countries, PCR detection has confirmed all three parasite species to be more prevalent, and persistent, than previously thought. Chronic, low-density, multispecies asymptomatic infection is a successful biological adaptation by these Plasmodium spp., a pattern also observed among malaria parasites of wild primates. Current whole-genome analyses are illuminating the species barrier separating the ovale parasite species and reveal substantial expansion of subtelomeric gene families. The evidence for and against a quiescent pre-erythrocytic form of P. malariae is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Sutherland
- Department of Immunology and Infection and Public Health England Malaria Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
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33
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Ansari HR, Templeton TJ, Subudhi AK, Ramaprasad A, Tang J, Lu F, Naeem R, Hashish Y, Oguike MC, Benavente ED, Clark TG, Sutherland CJ, Barnwell JW, Culleton R, Cao J, Pain A. Genome-scale comparison of expanded gene families in Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi with Plasmodium malariae and with other Plasmodium species. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:685-96. [PMID: 27392654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria in humans is caused by six species of Plasmodium parasites, of which the nuclear genome sequences for the two Plasmodium ovale spp., P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri, and Plasmodium malariae have not yet been analyzed. Here we present an analysis of the nuclear genome sequences of these three parasites, and describe gene family expansions therein. Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri are genetically distinct but morphologically indistinguishable and have sympatric ranges through the tropics of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Both P. ovale spp. show expansion of the surfin variant gene family, and an amplification of the Plasmodium interspersed repeat (pir) superfamily which results in an approximately 30% increase in genome size. For comparison, we have also analyzed the draft nuclear genome of P. malariae, a malaria parasite causing mild malaria symptoms with a quartan life cycle, long-term chronic infections, and wide geographic distribution. Plasmodium malariae shows only a moderate level of expansion of pir genes, and unique expansions of a highly diverged transmembrane protein family with over 550 members and the gamete P25/27 gene family. The observed diversity in the P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi surface antigens, combined with their phylogenetic separation, supports consideration that the two parasites be given species status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas J Templeton
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Subudhi
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Raeece Naeem
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen Hashish
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary C Oguike
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taane G Clark
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Sutherland
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Public Health England Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W Barnwell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Richard Culleton
- Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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Richter J, Franken G, Holtfreter MC, Walter S, Labisch A, Mehlhorn H. Clinical implications of a gradual dormancy concept in malaria. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2139-48. [PMID: 27079460 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria recurrences after an initially successful therapy and malarial fever occurring a long time after infection are well-known problems in malariology. Currently, two distinct types of malaria recurrences are defined: recrudescence and relapse. A recrudescence is thought to originate from circulating Plasmodium blood stages which do not cause fever before a certain level of a microscopically detectable parasitemia is reached. Contrary, a relapse is thought to originate from quiescent intracellular hepatic parasite stages called hypnozoites. Recrudescences would typically occur in infections due to Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium knowlesi, and Plasmodium malariae, whereas relapses would be caused exclusively by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. This schematic view is, however, insufficiently supported by experimental evidence. For instance, hypnozoites of P. ovale have never been experimentally documented. On the other hand, the nonfinding of P. malariae hypnozoites turned into the proof for the nonexistence of P. malariae hypnozoites. Clinical relapse-type recurrences have been observed in both P. ovale and P. malariae infections, and decade-long incubation times have also been reported in P. falciparum infections. We propose a gradual hypothesis in accordance with the continuity concept of biological evolution: both, relapse and recrudescence may be potentially caused by all Plasmodium spp. We hypothesize that the difference between the various Plasmodium spp. is quantitative rather than qualitative: there are Plasmodium spp. which frequently cause relapses such as P. vivax, particularly the P.v. Chesson strain, species which cause relapses less frequently, such as P. ovale and sometimes P. malariae, and species which may exceptionally cause relapses such as P. falciparum. All species may cause recrudescences. As clinical consequences, we propose that 8-aminquinolines may be considered in a relapse-type recrudescence regardless of the causal Plasmodium sp., whereas primaquine relapse prevention might not be routinely indicated in malaria due to P. ovale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Richter
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Franken
- Institute for the History of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martha C Holtfreter
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Walter
- Institute for Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Labisch
- Institute for the History of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Mehlhorn
- Institute for Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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35
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[Pulmonary complications of malaria: An update]. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 146:354-8. [PMID: 26897507 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is the most important parasitic disease worldwide, being a public health challenge in more than 90 countries. The incidence of pulmonary manifestations has increased in recent years. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most severe form within the pulmonary complications of malaria, with high mortality despite proper management. This syndrome manifests with sudden dyspnoea, cough and refractory hypoxaemia. Patients should be admitted to intensive care units and treated with parenteral antimalarial drug treatment and ventilatory and haemodynamic support without delay. Therefore, dyspnoea in patients with malaria should alert clinicians, as the development of respiratory distress is a poor prognostic factor.
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Liew JWK, Mahmud R, Tan LH, Lau YL. Diagnosis of an imported Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in Malaysia. Malar J 2016; 15:8. [PMID: 26738724 PMCID: PMC4704402 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-1070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium ovale is rare and not exactly known to be autochthonous in Malaysia. There are two distinct forms of the parasite, namely P. ovale curtisi (classic form) and P. ovale wallikeri (variant form). Here, the first sequence confirmed case of an imported P. ovale wallikeri infection in Malaysia is presented. Microscopy found Plasmodium parasites with morphology similar to P. ovale or Plasmodium vivax in the blood films. Further confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the small-subunit rRNA gene of the parasite was unsuccessful. Genus-specific PCR was then performed and the product was sequenced and analysed. Sequence analyses confirmed the aetiological agent as P. ovale wallikeri. New species-specific primers (rOVA1v and rOVA2v) were employed and P. ovale wallikeri was finally confirmed. The findings highlight the need to look out for imported malaria infections in Malaysia and the importance of a constantly updated and validated diagnostic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lian Huat Tan
- Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chavatte JM, Tan SBH, Snounou G, Lin RTPV. Molecular characterization of misidentified Plasmodium ovale imported cases in Singapore. Malar J 2015; 14:454. [PMID: 26577930 PMCID: PMC4650842 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium ovale, considered the rarest of the malaria parasites of humans, consists of two morphologically identical but genetically distinct sympatric species, Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri. These parasites resemble morphologically to Plasmodium vivax with which they also share a tertian periodicity and the ability to cause relapses, making them easily misidentified as P. vivax. Plasmodium ovale infections are rarely reported, but given the likelihood of misidentification, their prevalence might be underestimated. METHODS Morphological and molecular analysis of confirmed malaria cases admitted in Singapore in 2012-2014 detected nine imported P. ovale cases that had been misidentified as P. vivax. Since P. ovale had not been previously officially reported in Singapore, a retrospective analysis of available, frozen, archival blood samples was performed and returned two additional misidentified P. ovale cases in 2003 and 2006. These eleven P. ovale samples were characterized with respect to seven molecular markers (ssrRNA, Potra, Porbp2, Pog3p, dhfr-ts, cytb, cox1) used in recent studies to distinguish between the two sympatric species, and to a further three genes (tufa, clpC and asl). RESULTS The morphological features of P. ovale and the differential diagnosis with P. vivax were reviewed and illustrated by microphotographs. The genetic dimorphism between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri was assessed by ten molecular markers distributed across the three genomes of the parasite (Genbank KP050361-KP050470). The data obtained for seven of these markers were compared with those published and confirmed that both P. ovale species were present. This dimorphism was also confirmed for the first time on: (1) two genes from the apicoplast genome (tufA and clpC genes); and, (2) the asl gene that was used for phylogenetic analyses of other Plasmodium species, and that was found to harbour the highest number of dimorphic loci between the two P. ovale species. CONCLUSION Misidentified P. ovale infections are reported for the first time among imported malaria cases in Singapore. Genetic dimorphism between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri was confirmed using markers from the parasites' three genomes. The apparent increase of imported P. ovale since 2012 (with yearly detection of cases) is puzzling. Given decrease in the overall number of malaria cases recorded in Singapore since 2010 the 'resurgence' of this neglected species raises public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Chavatte
- Malaria Reference Centre - National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, 3 Biopolis Drive, Synapse #05-14/16, 138623, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sarah Bee Hui Tan
- Malaria Reference Centre - National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, 3 Biopolis Drive, Synapse #05-14/16, 138623, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Georges Snounou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UPMC UMRS CR7, 75005, Paris, France.
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI) Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1135, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL 8255, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Valentine Lin
- Malaria Reference Centre - National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, 3 Biopolis Drive, Synapse #05-14/16, 138623, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4, Level 3, 117545, Singapore, Singapore.
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Chaturvedi N, Bhandari S, Bharti PK, Basak SK, Singh MP, Singh N. Sympatric distribution of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in India: implication for the diagnosis of malaria and its control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2015; 109:352-4. [PMID: 25716936 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the first evidence of sympatric distribution of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri from India. METHODS Fingerprick blood samples were collected from fever cases in district Bastar, Chhattisgarh State for malaria screening by microscopy and PCR. RESULTS Two cases of mono infection of P. ovale, and a fatal case of cerebral malaria with a mixed infection of P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. ovale were confirmed by PCR. Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need of molecular diagnosis of malaria cases in forested areas for treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chaturvedi
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH) formerly known as Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals (RMRCT), ICMR, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur-482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Bhandari
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH) formerly known as Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals (RMRCT), ICMR, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur-482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen K Bharti
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH) formerly known as Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals (RMRCT), ICMR, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur-482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay K Basak
- District Malaria office & Govt. Maharani Hospital and Associated Medical College Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mrigendra P Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Jabalpur, RMRCT Campus, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur, Madhya Prades, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH) formerly known as Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals (RMRCT), ICMR, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur-482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Tomar LR, Giri S, Bauddh NK, Jhamb R. Complicated malaria: A rare presentation of Plasmodium ovale. Trop Doct 2015; 45:140-2. [DOI: 10.1177/0049475515571989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. Complications are commonly seen in Plasmodium falciparum ( P. falciparum) and Plasmodium vivax ( P. vivax) infection, but due to Plasmodium ovale ( P. ovale) infection is rarely described in literature. Here we report a case of severe disease due to P. ovale infection complicated with jaundice, thrombocytopenia, hypotension and acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant Ramkumarsingh Tomar
- Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Giri
- Professor, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Bauddh
- Postgraduate Resident, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Jhamb
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
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40
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Characterization of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in Western Kenya utilizing a novel species-specific real-time PCR assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003469. [PMID: 25590587 PMCID: PMC4295880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium ovale is comprised of two genetically distinct subspecies, P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. Although P. ovale subspecies are similar based on morphology and geographical distribution, allelic differences indicate that P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri are genetically divergent. Additionally, potential clinical and latency duration differences between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri demonstrate the need for investigation into the contribution of this neglected malaria parasite to the global malaria burden. Methods In order to detect all P. ovale subspecies simultaneously, we developed an inclusive P. ovale-specific real-time PCR assay based on conserved regions between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in the reticulocyte binding protein 2 (rbp2) gene. Additionally, we characterized the P. ovale subspecies prevalence from 22 asymptomatic malaria infections using multilocus genotyping to discriminate P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. Results Our P. ovale rbp2 qPCR assay validation experiments demonstrated a linear dynamic range from 6.25 rbp2 plasmid copies/microliter to 100,000 rbp2 plasmid copies/microliter and a limit of detection of 1.5 rbp2 plasmid copies/microliter. Specificity experiments showed the ability of the rbp2 qPCR assay to detect low-levels of P. ovale in the presence of additional malaria parasite species, including P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae. We identified P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in Western Kenya by DNA sequencing of the tryptophan-rich antigen gene, the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and the rbp2 gene. Conclusions Our novel P. ovale rbp2 qPCR assay detects P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri simultaneously and can be utilized to characterize the prevalence, distribution, and burden of P. ovale in malaria endemic regions. Using multilocus genotyping, we also provided the first description of the prevalence of P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in Western Kenya, a region holoendemic for malaria transmission. Humans can be infected with five malaria parasite species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. knowlesi, and P. ovale. Although the vast majority of malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide can be attributed to P. falciparum, non-falciparum malaria parasites can also cause clinical disease. Researchers use nucleic acid based detection methods, such a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to detect low-density malaria parasitemias that can evade microscopic detection. P. ovale was recently identified to exist as two subspecies, P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri, that look identical but differ genetically. In this study, we developed a novel real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to detect all P. ovale parasites, based on a conserved gene between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. We also used DNA sequencing to differentiate between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri from a small sample of P. ovale asymptomatic infections in Western Kenya. Through the use of our novel rbp2 qPCR assay, we aim to characterize the prevalence of P. ovale in future epidemiological studies in order to better understand this neglected malaria parasite species.
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Strydom KA, Ismail F, Frean J. Plasmodium ovale: a case of not-so-benign tertian malaria. Malar J 2014; 13:85. [PMID: 24612535 PMCID: PMC3984724 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria is most commonly associated with Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium vivax is increasingly recognized as being capable of causing severe disease. In contrast, Plasmodium ovale is considered as a cause of benign disease and evidence supporting the occurrence of severe or complicated ovale infection is rare. This report describes a case of severe P. ovale infection in a patient presenting with jaundice, respiratory distress, severe thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and hypotension. He had no apparent underlying risk factors for severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy-Anne Strydom
- National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Roucher C, Rogier C, Sokhna C, Tall A, Trape JF. A 20-year longitudinal study of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae prevalence and morbidity in a West African population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87169. [PMID: 24520325 PMCID: PMC3919715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical Africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. However, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species. METHODS AND FINDINGS We did a longitudinal study of the inhabitants of Dielmo village, Senegal, between June, 1990, and December, 2010. We monitored the inhabitants for fever during this period and performed quarterly measurements of parasitemia. We analyzed parasitological and clinical data in a random-effect logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between the level of parasitemia and the risk of fever and to establish diagnostic criteria for P. ovale and P. malariae clinical attacks. The prevalence of P. ovale and P. malariae infections in asymptomatic individuals were high during the first years of the project but decreased after 2004 and almost disappeared in 2010 in relation to changes in malaria control policies. The average incidence densities of P. ovale and P. malariae clinical attacks were 0.053 and 0.093 attacks per person per year in children <15 years and 0.024 and 0.009 attacks per person per year in adults ≥ 15 years, respectively. These two malaria species represented together 5.9% of the malaria burden. CONCLUSIONS P. ovale and P. malariae were a common cause of morbidity in Dielmo villagers until the recent dramatic decrease of malaria that followed the introduction of new malaria control policies. P. ovale and P. malariae may constitute an important cause of morbidity in many areas of tropical Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Roucher
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail:
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