1
|
Supplementation with Two New Standardized Tea Extracts Prevents the Development of Hypertension in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081573. [PMID: 36009292 PMCID: PMC9404781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered to be both a cardiovascular disease and a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary ischemia or stroke. In many cases, hypertension occurs in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition in which other circumstances such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance are also present. The high incidence of MetS makes necessary the search for new strategies, ideally of natural origin and with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Among them, the tea plant is a good candidate, as it contains several bioactive compounds such as caffeine, volatile terpenes, organic acids, and polyphenols with positive biological effects. The aim of this study was to assess whether two new standardized tea extracts, one of white tea (WTE) and the other of black and green tea (CTE), exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular alterations associated with MetS. For this purpose, male C57/BL6J mice were fed a standard diet (Controls), a diet high in fats and sugars (HFHS), HFHS supplemented with 1.6% WTE, or HFHS supplemented with 1.6% CTE for 20 weeks. The chromatography results showed that CTE is more concentrated on gallic acid, xanthines and flavan-3-ols than WTE. In vivo, supplementation with WTE and CTE prevented the development of MetS-associated hypertension through improved endothelial function. This improvement was associated with a lower expression of proinflammatory and prooxidant markers, and—in the case of CTE supplementation—also with a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes in arterial tissue. In conclusion, supplementation with WTE and CTE prevents the development of hypertension in obese mice; as such, they could be an interesting strategy to prevent the cardiovascular disorders associated with MetS.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mehmood S, Maqsood M, Mahtab N, Khan MI, Sahar A, Zaib S, Gul S. Epigallocatechin gallate: Phytochemistry, bioavailability, utilization challenges, and strategies. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14189. [PMID: 35474461 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has gained the attention of current study due to its excellent health-promoting effects. It possesses anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and is under extensive investigation in functional foods for improvement. It is susceptible to lower stability, lesser bioavailability, and lower absorption rate due to various environmental, processing, formulations, and gastrointestinal conditions of the human body. Therefore, it is the foremost concern for the researchers to enhance its bioactivity and make it the most suitable therapeutic compound for its clinical applications. In the current review, factors affecting the bioavailability of EGCG and the possible strategies to overcome these issues are reviewed and discussed. This review summarizes structural modifications and delivery through nanoparticle-based approaches including nano-emulsions, encapsulations, and silica-based nanoparticles for effective use of EGCG in functional foods. Moreover, recent advances to enhance EGCG therapeutic efficacy by specifically targeting its molecules to increase its bioavailability and stability are also described. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The main green tea constituent EGCG possesses several health-promoting effects making EGCG a potential therapeutic compound to cure ailments. However, its low stability and bioavailability render its uses in many disorders. Synthesizing EGCG prodrugs by structural modifications helps against its low bioavailability and stability by overcoming premature degradation and lower absorption rate. This review paper summarizes various strategies that benefit EGCG under different physiological conditions. The esterification, nanoparticle approaches, silica-based EGCG-NPs, and EGCG formulations serve as ideal EGCG modification strategies to deliver superior concentrations with lesser toxicity for its efficient penetration and absorption across cells both in vitro and in vivo. As a result of EGCG modifications, its bioactivities would be highly improved at lower doses. The protected or modified EGCG molecule would have enhanced potential effects and stability that would contribute to the clinical applications and expand its use in various food and cosmetic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shomaila Mehmood
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Mahtab
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng C, Cao Y, Su Y, Cai H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yu D, Zong G. Association between Tea Consumption and Hypertension Risk among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3773-3780. [PMID: 34590120 PMCID: PMC8643596 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence on tea consumption and hypertension is inconclusive, and prospective studies among habitual tea drinkers remain limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of habitual tea consumption with hypertension risk and longitudinal blood pressure changes in 2 large cohorts. METHODS This study included participants aged 40-75 y from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (n = 31,351) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (n = 28,342), without hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Information on tea consumption was assessed during in-person interviews at enrollment and follow-up visits. Incident hypertension was identified by self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or blood pressure measurements. RESULTS Current tea drinkers had a 7% higher risk than the non-current tea drinker group [HRs (95% CIs): women, 1.07 (1.01, 1.14); men, 1.07 (1.02, 1.12)]. The amount of tea drinking showed significant dose-response associations with hypertension: compared with the non-current group, HRs (95% CIs) for women and men were 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) and 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) for low (women/men: <100/200 g/mo), 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) and 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) for medium (women/men: 100-250/200-250 g/mo), and 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) and 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) for the high-amount group (women/men: >250 g/mo). Among participants without hypertension, compared with non-current tea drinkers, least-squares means of 3-y changes in blood pressure were 0.3-0.4 mm Hg higher for women and men as current drinkers and 0.7-0.9 mm Hg higher for men in the high-consumption group. Compared with those who never drank tea, women who drank tea consistently had 0.5 (0.2, 0.7) mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP), whereas men had 0.5 (0.04, 0.9) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and 0.3 (0.04, 0.6) mm Hg higher DBP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that habitual tea drinking is associated with a slightly higher risk of hypertension and a minor increase in blood pressure among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, which warrants confirmation by long-term intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Address correspondence to DY (e-mail: )
| | - Geng Zong
- Address correspondence to: GZ (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bazyar H, Hosseini SA, Saradar S, Mombaini D, Allivand M, Labibzadeh M, Alipour M. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:405-411. [PMID: 34187117 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bazyar
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Researcher Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sirous Saradar
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Delsa Mombaini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Researcher Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allivand
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Researcher Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Alipour
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou H, Fu LX, Li L, Chen YY, Zhu HQ, Zhou JL, Lv MX, Gan RZ, Zhang XX, Liang G. The epigallocatechin gallate derivative Y6 reduces the cardiotoxicity and enhances the efficacy of daunorubicin against human hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting carbonyl reductase 1 expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113118. [PMID: 32621953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea is the most ancient and popular beverage worldwide and its main constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has a potential role in the management of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. However, EGCG is frangible to oxidation and exhibits low lipid solubility and bioavailability, and we synthesized a derivative of EGCG in an attempt to overcome these limitations. AIM OF THE STUDY The anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin (DNR) is a potent anticancer agent. However, its severe cardiotoxic limits its clinical efficacy. Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is one of the most effective human reductases for producing hydroxyl metabolites and thus may be involved in increasing the cardiotoxicity and decreasing the antineoplastic effect of anthracycline antibiotics. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the co-therapeutic effect of Y6, a novel and potent adjuvant obtained by optimization of the structure of EGCG. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cellular concentrations of DNR and its metabolite DNRol were measured by HPLC to determine the effects of EGCG and Y6 on the inhibition of DNRol formation. The cytotoxic effects of EGCG and Y6 were tested by MTT assay in order to identify non-toxic concentrations of them. To understand their antitumor and cardioprotective mechanisms, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and CBR1 protein expression was measured via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining while gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Moreover, PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways were analyzed via Western blotting. HepG2 xenograft model was used to detect the effects of EGCG and Y6 on the antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity of DNR in vivo. Finally, to obtain further insight into the interactions of Y6 and EGCG with HIF-1α and CBR1, we performed a molecular modeling. RESULTS Y6(10 μg/ml or 55 mg/kg) decreased the expression of HIF-1α and CBR1 at both the mRNA and protein levels during combined drug therapy in vitro as well as in vivo, thereby inhibiting formation of the metabolite DNRol from DNR, with the mechanisms being related to PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling inhibition. In a human carcinoma xenograft model established with subcutaneous HepG2 cells, Y6(55 mg/kg) enhanced the antitumor effect and reduced the cardiotoxicity of DNR more effectively than EGCG(40 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Y6 has the ability to inhibit CBR1 expression through the coordinate inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling, then synergistically enhances the antitumor effect and reduces the cardiotoxicity of DNR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/toxicity
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Daunorubicin/toxicity
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Xiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Ling Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mei-Xian Lv
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ri-Zhi Gan
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian S, Zhang YJ, Ma QH, Xu Y, Sun HP, Pan CW. Associations between habitual tea consumption and 5-year longitudinal changes of systolic blood pressure in older Chinese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104245. [PMID: 32889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tea consumption may contribute to the management of blood pressure; however, evidence from longitudinal studies is lacking. This study aimed to examine the relationship between habitual tea consumption and trajectories of systolic blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chinese adults aged 60 years or older. METHODS A prospective cohort of 3870 participants was investigated from 2014 to 2018. Trajectories of systolic blood pressure were identified using latent mixture modeling with the Proc Traj procedure. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to explore associations between tea consumption habits and trajectories of systolic blood pressure. RESULTS In the overall sample, participants were less likely to be habitual tea drinkers if they were in the "moderate-stable" (144.4-149.9 mm Hg), "moderate-increasing" (157.2-180.0 mm Hg), and "elevated-increasing" (184.7-209.8 mm Hg) groups as compared to those in the "low-stable" group (125.3-130.0 mm Hg). The "elevated-decreasing" group (170.7 - 167.2 mmHg) consistently showed no significant difference in the likelihood of habitual tea drinking as compared to the "low-stable" group. CONCLUSIONS This community-based prospective study indicated that habitual tea consumption was associated with relatively favorable long-term systolic blood pressure statuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing-Hua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Peng Sun
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Wang R, Huang J, Cai Q, Yang CS, Wan X, Xie Z. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Regulating Blood Pressure: Evidences and Promises. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1115. [PMID: 31109113 PMCID: PMC6567086 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have overtaken cancers as the number one cause of death. Hypertension is the most dangerous factor linked to deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Many researchers have reported that tea has anti-hypertensive effects in animals and humans. The aim of this review is to update the information on the anti-hypertensive effects of tea in human interventions and animal studies, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms, based on ex-vivo tissue and cell culture data. During recent years, an increasing number of human population studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of tea on hypertension. However, the optimal dose has not yet been established owing to differences in the extent of hypertension, and complicated social and genetic backgrounds of populations. Therefore, further large-scale investigations with longer terms of observation and tighter controls are needed to define optimal doses in subjects with varying degrees of hypertensive risk factors, and to determine differences in beneficial effects amongst diverse populations. Moreover, data from laboratory studies have shown that tea and its secondary metabolites have important roles in relaxing smooth muscle contraction, enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, reducing vascular inflammation, inhibiting rennin activity, and anti-vascular oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of these activities remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ruru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jinbao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qingshuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chung S Yang
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng J, Yang J, Chang Y, Qiao L, Dang H, Luo K, Guo H, An Y, Ma C, Shao H, Tian J, Yuan Y, Xie L, Xing W, Cheng J. Caffeine-free hawk tea lowers cholesterol by reducing free cholesterol uptake and the production of very-low-density lipoprotein. Commun Biol 2019; 2:173. [PMID: 31098406 PMCID: PMC6506518 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants show important therapeutic value in chronic disease treatment. However, due to their diverse ingredients and complex biological effects, the molecular mechanisms of medicinal plants are yet to be explored. By means of several high-throughput platforms, here we show hawk tea extract (HTE) inhibits Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1)-mediated free cholesterol uptake, thereby inducing the transcription of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) downstream of the sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) pathway. Meanwhile, HTE suppresses hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-mediated transcription of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein B (APOB), thereby decreasing the production of very-low-density lipoprotein. The catechin EGCG ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate) and the flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin are identified as the bioactive components responsible for the effects on the NPC1L1-SREBP2-LDLR axis and HNF4α-MTP/APOB axis, respectively. Overall, hawk tea works as a previously unrecognized cholesterol-lowering agent in a multi-target and multi-component manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yannan An
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Hong Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, 102206 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qian BJ, Tian CC, Ling XH, Yu LL, Ding FY, Huo JH, Zhu LC, Wen YL, Zhang JH, Jing P. miRNA-150-5p associate with antihypertensive effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate revealed by aorta miRNome analysis of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Life Sci 2018; 203:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Fu J, Lv H, Chen F. Diversity and Variation of Bacterial Community Revealed by MiSeq Sequencing in Chinese Dark Teas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162719. [PMID: 27690376 PMCID: PMC5045175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese dark teas (CDTs) are now among the popular tea beverages worldwide due to their unique health benefits. Because the production of CDTs involves fermentation that is characterized by the effect of microbes, microorganisms are believed to play critical roles in the determination of the chemical characteristics of CDTs. Some dominant fungi have been identified from CDTs. In contrast, little, if anything, is known about the composition of bacterial community in CDTs. This study was set to investigate the diversity and variation of bacterial community in four major types of CDTs from China. First, the composition of the bacterial community of CDTs was determined using MiSeq sequencing. From the four typical CDTs, a total of 238 genera that belong to 128 families of bacteria were detected, including most of the families of beneficial bacteria known to be associated with fermented food. While different types of CDTs had generally distinct bacterial structures, the two types of brick teas produced from adjacent regions displayed strong similarity in bacterial composition, suggesting that the producing environment and processing condition perhaps together influence bacterial succession in CDTs. The global characterization of bacterial communities in CDTs is an essential first step for us to understand their function in fermentation and their potential impact on human health. Such knowledge will be important guidance for improving the production of CDTs with higher quality and elevated health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plants Biology and Resources Utilization of Agriculture Ministry, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Haipeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plants Biology and Resources Utilization of Agriculture Ministry, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996–4561, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia G, Lin C, Liu S. Tannase-mediated biotransformation assisted separation and purification of theaflavin and epigallocatechin by high speed counter current chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography: A comparative study. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:880-9. [PMID: 27389804 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large scale isolation and purification of theaflavin (TF) and epigallocatechin (EGC) has been successfully developed by tannase-mediated biotransformation combining high-speed countercurrent chromatography. After tannase hydrolysis of a commercially available theaflavins extract (TE), the content of TF and EGC in tannase-mediated biotransformation product (TBP) achieved approximately 3 times enrichment. SEM studies revealed smooth tannase biotransformation and the possibility of recovery of the tannase. A single 1.5 hours' HSCCC separation for TF and EGC employing a two-phase solvent system could simultaneously produce 180.8 mg of 97.3% purity TF and 87.5 mg of 97.3% purity EGC. However, a preparative HPLC separation of maximum injection volume containing 120 mg TBP prepared 11.2 mg TF of 94.9% purity and 7.7 mg EGC of 89.9% purity. HSCCC separation demonstrated significant advantages over Prep HPLC in terms of sample loading size, separation time, environmental friendly solvent systems, and the production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Xia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chunfang Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu J, Liu S, Zhou H, Hanson T, Yang L, Chen Z, Zhou M. Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:853-65. [PMID: 27372743 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tea is the most ancient and popular beverage in the world, and its beneficial health effects has attracted tremendous attention worldwide. However, the prospective evidence relating green tea consumption to total and cause-specific mortality is still limited and inconclusive. We recruited 164,681 male participants free of pre-existing disease during 1990-1991, with green tea consumption and other covariates assessed by the standardized questionnaire and mortality follow up continued until 2006 (mean 11 years; total person-years: 1,961,791). Cox regression analyses were used to quantify the associations of green tea consumption with all-cause (n = 32,700), CVD (n = 11,839) and cancer (n = 7002) mortality, adjusting simultaneously for potential confounders. At baseline, 18 % reported regular consumption of green tea. Compared with non-green tea drinkers, regular drinkers had significantly lower all-cause mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) being 0.94 (95 % CI 0.89, 0.99) for ≤5 g/day, 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) for 5-10 g/day and 0.89 (0.85, 0.93) for >10 g/day. For CVD mortality, the corresponding HRs were 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) and 0.86 (0.79, 0.93), respectively, while for cancer they were 0.86 (0.78, 0.98), 0.92 (0.83, 1.00) and 0.79 (0.71, 0.88), respectively. The patterns of these associations varied by smoking, alcohol drinking and locality. This large prospective study shows that regular green tea consumption is associated with significantly reduced risk of death from all-cause, CVD and cancer among Chinese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3-7LF, UK
| | - Haiming Zhou
- Division of Statistics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | - Timothy Hanson
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3-7LF, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3-7LF, UK
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nyarukowa C, Koech R, Loots T, Apostolides Z. SWAPDT: A method for Short-time Withering Assessment of Probability for Drought Tolerance in Camellia sinensis validated by targeted metabolomics. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 198:39-48. [PMID: 27137993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing droughts affecting crop production on a global scale. Classical breeding and selection strategies for drought-tolerant cultivars will help prevent crop losses. Plant breeders, for all crops, need a simple and reliable method to identify drought-tolerant cultivars, but such a method is missing. Plant metabolism is often disrupted by abiotic stress conditions. To survive drought, plants reconfigure their metabolic pathways. Studies have documented the importance of metabolic regulation, i.e. osmolyte accumulation such as polyols and sugars (mannitol, sorbitol); amino acids (proline) during drought. This study identified and quantified metabolites in drought tolerant and drought susceptible Camellia sinensis cultivars under wet and drought stress conditions. For analyses, GC-MS and LC-MS were employed for metabolomics analysis.%RWC results show how the two drought tolerant and two drought susceptible cultivars differed significantly (p≤0.05) from one another; the drought susceptible exhibited rapid water loss compared to the drought tolerant. There was a significant variation (p<0.05) in metabolite content (amino acid, sugars) between drought tolerant and drought susceptible tea cultivars after short-time withering conditions. These metabolite changes were similar to those seen in other plant species under drought conditions, thus validating this method. The Short-time Withering Assessment of Probability for Drought Tolerance (SWAPDT) method presented here provides an easy method to identify drought tolerant tea cultivars that will mitigate the effects of drought due to climate change on crop losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nyarukowa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Robert Koech
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Tea Research Institute (TRI), P.O. Box 820-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Theodor Loots
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feyh A, Bracero L, Lakhani HV, Santhanam P, Shapiro JI, Khitan Z, Sodhi K. Role of Dietary Components in Modulating Hypertension. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY 2016; 7:433. [PMID: 27158555 PMCID: PMC4857880 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health issue, particularly in medically underserved populations that may suffer from poor health literacy, poverty, and limited access to healthcare resources. Management of the disease reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, vision impairment due to retinal damage, and renal failure. In addition to pharmacological therapy, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are effective in managing hypertension. Current diet guidelines include the DASH diet, a low-fat and low-sodium diet that encourages high consumption of fruits and vegetables. While the diet is effective in controlling hypertension, adherence to the diet is poor and there are few applicable dietary alternatives, which is an issue that can arise from poor health literacy in at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the effect of specific dietary components, both positive and negative, when formulating a dietary approach to hypertension management that ultimately aims to improve patient adherence to the treatment, and achieve better control of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Feyh
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Lucas Bracero
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Santhanam
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Zeid Khitan
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brown L, Poudyal H, Panchal SK. Functional foods as potential therapeutic options for metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2015; 16:914-41. [PMID: 26345360 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity as part of metabolic syndrome is a major lifestyle disorder throughout the world. Current drug treatments for obesity produce small and usually unsustainable decreases in body weight with the risk of major adverse effects. Surgery has been the only treatment producing successful long-term weight loss. As a different but complementary approach, lifestyle modification including the use of functional foods could produce a reliable decrease in obesity with decreased comorbidities. Functional foods may include fruits such as berries, vegetables, fibre-enriched grains and beverages such as tea and coffee. Although health improvements continue to be reported for these functional foods in rodent studies, further evidence showing the translation of these results into humans is required. Thus, the concept that these fruits and vegetables will act as functional foods in humans to reduce obesity and thereby improve health remains intuitive and possible rather than proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Brown
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - H Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S K Panchal
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|