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Dos Santos IL, Mitchell M, Nogueira PAS, Lafita-Navarro MC, Perez-Castro L, Eriom J, Kilgore JA, Williams NS, Guo L, Xu L, Conacci-Sorrell M. Targeting of neuroblastoma cells through Kynurenine-AHR pathway inhibition. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38431776 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma poses significant challenges in clinical management. Despite its relatively low incidence, this malignancy contributes disproportionately to cancer-related childhood mortality. Tailoring treatments based on risk stratification, including MYCN oncogene amplification, remains crucial, yet high-risk cases often confront therapeutic resistance and relapse. Here, we explore the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a versatile transcription factor implicated in diverse physiological functions such as xenobiotic response, immune modulation, and cell growth. Despite its varying roles in malignancies, AHR's involvement in neuroblastoma remains elusive. Our study investigates the interplay between AHR and its ligand kynurenine (Kyn) in neuroblastoma cells. Kyn is generated from tryptophan (Trp) by the activity of the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). We found that neuroblastoma cells displayed sensitivity to the TDO2 inhibitor 680C91, exposing potential vulnerabilities. Furthermore, combining TDO2 inhibition with retinoic acid or irinotecan (two chemotherapeutic agents used to treat neuroblastoma patients) revealed synergistic effects in select cell lines. Importantly, clinical correlation analysis using patient data established a link between elevated expression of Kyn-AHR pathway genes and adverse prognosis, particularly in older children. These findings underscore the significance of the Kyn-AHR pathway in neuroblastoma progression, emphasizing its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pedro A S Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joyane Eriom
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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García-Aguilar R, Ortega A, López-Bayghen E, Ramírez-Martínez L, Rodriguez-Campuzano A, Murillo-González F, Elizondo G, Vega L. Kynurenine attenuates mitochondrial depolarization and neuronal cell death induced by rotenone exposure independently of AhR-mediated parkin induction in SH-SY5Y differentiated cells. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:282-291. [PMID: 37979659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone is a pesticide commonly used in agriculture that is associated with the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) by inducing mitochondrial damage. As a protective cell response to different challenges, they activate mitophagy, which involves parkin activity. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase necessary in the initial steps of mitophagy, and its overexpression protects against parkinsonian effects in different models. Recent studies have reported that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, induces parkin expression. Kynurenine, an endogenous AHR ligand, promotes neuroprotection in chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, although its neuroprotective mechanism needs to be fully understood. Therefore, we evaluated whether the overexpression of parkin by AHR activation with kynurenine promotes autophagy and reduces the neurotoxicity induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated to dopaminergic neurons. SH-SY5Y neurons were treated with rotenone or pretreated with kynurenine or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and parkin levels, apoptosis, mitochondrial potential membrane, and autophagy were determined. The results showed that kynurenine and TCDD treatments induced parkin expression in an AHR-dependent manner. Kynurenine pretreatment inhibited rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis in 17%, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in 30% when compare to rotenone alone, together with a decrease in autophagy. By contrast, although TCDD treatment increased parkin levels, non-neuroprotective effects were observed. The kynurenine protective activity was AHR independent, suggesting that parkin induction might not be related to this effect. On the other hand, kynurenine treatment inhibited alpha amine-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol propionic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, which are well-known excitotoxicity mediators activated by rotenone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario García-Aguilar
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Ramírez-Martínez
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ada Rodriguez-Campuzano
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fátima Murillo-González
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Chaudhry KA, Jacobi JJ, Gillard BM, Karasik E, Martin JC, da Silva Fernandes T, Hurley E, Feltri ML, Attwood KM, Twist CJ, Smiraglia DJ, Long MD, Bianchi-Smiraglia A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a tumor promoter in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells through suppression of differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108303. [PMID: 38026169 PMCID: PMC10654598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. MYCN amplification is detected in almost half of high-risk cases and is associated with poorly differentiated tumors, poor patient prognosis and poor response to therapy, including retinoids. We identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a transcription factor promoting the growth and suppressing the differentiation of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. A neuroblastoma specific AhR transcriptional signature reveals an inverse correlation of AhR activity with patients' outcome, suggesting AhR activity is critical for disease progression. AhR modulates chromatin structures, reducing accessibility to regions responsive to retinoic acid. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of AhR results in induction of differentiation. Importantly, AhR antagonism with clofazimine synergizes with retinoic acid in inducing differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we propose AhR as a target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and that its antagonism, combined with current standard-of-care, may result in a more durable response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita A. Chaudhry
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Justine J. Jacobi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bryan M. Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Karasik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Martin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Kristopher M. Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Clare J. Twist
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dominic J. Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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4
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Chung SH, Yoo D, Ahn TB, Lee W, Hong J. Profiling Analysis of Tryptophan Metabolites in the Urine of Patients with Parkinson's Disease Using LC-MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1495. [PMID: 37895965 PMCID: PMC10610059 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is a representative neurodegenerative disorder and shows characteristic motor impediments, the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets for PD have not yet been clearly identified. Since several tryptophan metabolites produced by gut microbiota could pass the blood-brain barrier and, furthermore, might influence the central nervous system, tryptophan metabolites within the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin metabolic pathways might be the most potent targets for PD development. Furthermore, most metabolites are circulated via the blood, play roles in and/or are metabolized via the host organs, and finally are excreted into the urine. Therefore, profiling the overall tryptophan metabolic pathways in urine samples of patients with PD is important to understanding the pathological mechanisms, finding biomarkers, and discovering therapeutic targets for PD. However, the development of profiling analysis based on tryptophan metabolism pathways in human urine samples is still challenging due to the wide physiological ranges, the varied signal response, and the structural diversity of tryptophan metabolites in complicated urine matrices. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed to profile 21 tryptophan metabolites within the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin metabolic pathways in human urine samples using ion-pairing chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring determination. The developed method was successfully applied to urine samples of PD patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 20). Further, we investigated aberrant metabolites to find biomarkers for PD development and therapeutic targets based on the quantitative results. Unfortunately, most tryptophan metabolites in the urine samples did not present significant differences between control and PD patients, except for indole-3-acetic acid. Nonetheless, indole-3-acetic acid was reported for the first time for its aberrant urinary levels in PD patients and tentatively selected as a potential biomarker for PD. This study provides accurate quantitative results for 21 tryptophan metabolites in biological samples and will be helpful in revealing the pathological mechanisms of PD development, discovering biomarkers for PD, and further providing therapeutic targets for various PD symptoms. In the near future, to further investigate the relationship between gut microbial metabolites and PD, we will employ studies on microbial metabolites using plasma and stool samples from control and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyeon Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dallah Yoo
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (T.-B.A.)
| | - Tae-Beom Ahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (T.-B.A.)
| | - Wonwoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Uddin MN, Mondal T, Yao Y, Manley K, Lawrence DA. Oxidative stress and neuroimmune proteins in a mouse model of autism. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:201-217. [PMID: 36795226 PMCID: PMC10050529 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress including decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, elevated lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the blood from children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been reported. The mechanisms affecting the development of ASD remain unclear; however, toxic environmental exposures leading to oxidative stress have been proposed to play a significant role. The BTBRT+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) strain provides a model to investigate the markers of oxidation in a mouse strain exhibiting ASD-like behavioral phenotypes. In the present study, we investigated the level of oxidative stress and its effects on immune cell populations, specifically oxidative stress affecting surface thiols (R-SH), intracellular glutathione (iGSH), and expression of brain biomarkers that may contribute to the development of the ASD-like phenotypes that have been observed and reported in BTBR mice. Lower levels of cell surface R-SH were detected on multiple immune cell subpopulations from blood, spleens, and lymph nodes and for sera R-SH levels of BTBR mice compared to C57BL/6 J (B6) mice. The iGSH levels of immune cell populations were also lower in the BTBR mice. Elevated protein expression of GATA3, TGM2, AhR, EPHX2, TSLP, PTEN, IRE1α, GDF15, and metallothionein in BTBR mice is supportive of an increased level of oxidative stress in BTBR mice and may underpin the pro-inflammatory immune state that has been reported in the BTBR strain. Results of a decreased antioxidant system suggest an important oxidative stress role in the development of the BTBR ASD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nizam Uddin
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Tapan Mondal
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yunyi Yao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kevin Manley
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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6
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Duan Z, Shi L, He ZNT, Kuang C, Han T, Yang Q. The Protective Effect of IDO1 Inhibition in Aβ-Treated Neurons and APP/PS1 Mice. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231214861. [PMID: 37944012 PMCID: PMC10637170 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231214861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory associated disease, in which dysregulated kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a key role. Through KP, L-tryptophan is catabolized into neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolites. The overactivation of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1), the first rate-limiting enzyme of KP, and the abnormal accumulation of KP metabolites have been noted in AD, and blocking IDO1 has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy. However, the expression patterns of KP enzymes in AD, and whether these enzymes are related to AD pathogenesis, have not been fully studied. Herein, we examined the expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors and KP enzymes, and the activity of IDO1 and IDO1 effector pathway AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) in AD mice. We studied the effects of IDO1 inhibitors on Aβ-related neuroinflammation in rat primary neurons, mouse hippocampal neuronal cells, and APP/PS1 mice. The results further demonstrated the importance of IDO1-catalyzed KP in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ning Tony He
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiong Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Ueta Y, Aso K, Haga Y, Takahashi H, Satoh M. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism complicated by neuroblastoma. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 31:159-162. [PMID: 35928379 PMCID: PMC9297168 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-mo-old male infant was referred to our hospital with micropenis. Since his serum LH,
FSH, and testosterone levels were low (< 0.3 mIU/mL, 0.08 mIU/mL, and < 0.03 ng/mL,
respectively), Kallmann syndrome/normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was suspected. In
the process of searching for complications of Kallmann syndrome/normosmic hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism, a right adrenal gland tumor was incidentally discovered. The patient was
diagnosed with stage 1 neuroblastoma. A homozygous p.P147L (c.C440T) mutation in the
KISS1R gene was detected as a cause of the congenital hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism. KISS1-KISS1R signaling, which is essential for GnRH secretion, exhibits
anti-metastatic and/or anti-tumoral roles in numerous cancers. High KISS1
expression levels reportedly predict better survival outcomes than low
KISS1 expression levels in neuroblastoma. Therefore, decreased
KISS1-KISS1R signaling may have played a role in the neuroblastoma in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ueta
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Aso
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Haga
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Satoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Elastin-Derived Peptides in the Central Nervous System: Friend or Foe. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2473-2487. [PMID: 34374904 PMCID: PMC9560920 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is one of the main structural matrix proteins of the arteries, lung, cartilage, elastic ligaments, brain vessels, and skin. These elastin fibers display incredible resilience and structural stability with long half-life. However, during some physiological and pathophysiological conditions, elastin is prone to proteolytic degradation and, due to the extremely low turnover rate, its degradation is practically an irreversible and irreparable phenomenon. As a result of elastin degradation, new peptides called elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) are formed. A growing body of evidence suggests that these peptides play an important role in the development of age-related vascular disease. They are also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy people, and their amount increases in patients after ischemic stroke. Recently, elastin-like polypeptides have been reported to induce overproduction of beta-amyloid in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of action of EDPs in the nervous system is largely unknown and limited to only a few studies. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of EDPs in the nervous system.
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Mańdziuk M. Tris (2,3-Dibromopropyl) Isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO or TBC) Shows Different Toxicity Depending on the Degree of Differentiation of the Human Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) Cell Line. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1575-1588. [PMID: 34342853 PMCID: PMC8429403 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO or TBC) is a heterocyclic hexabromated flame retardant. It is widely used during the production of many synthetic compounds. High concentrations of TDBP-TAZTO were found in river water, surface sediments, soil, earthworms, and carp tissues. Moreover, it has been shown that this compound can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the gut and brain of carp. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been characterized as a multifunctional intracellular sensor and receptor. AhR is an activator of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2, which metabolize various toxic compounds. The aim of the study was to explain how/whether TDBP-TAZTO increases the expression and/or activity of the CYP1A1 enzyme and the AhR and TUBB3 expression during SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated for 7 and 14 days using retinoic acid. Cell viability, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and mRNA expression of CYP1A1, AhR, and TUBB3 were assessed. Our experiment showed that, during the differentiation process, the ability of TDBP-TAZTO to induce EROD activity in SH-SY5Y cells subsequently decreased, which may have been an effect of cell differentiation into neurons. Moreover, the results suggest that TDBP-TAZTO can affect the differentiation process. Since no CYP2B6 mRNA expression was detected, the CAR receptor may not be involved in the TDBP-TAZTO mechanism of action. However, more research is needed in this field to elucidate this mechanism precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marzena Mańdziuk
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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10
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Zaragoza-Ojeda M, Apatiga-Vega E, Arenas-Huertero F. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in central nervous system tumors: Biological and therapeutic implications. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 33907570 PMCID: PMC8063300 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, whose canonical pathway mainly regulates the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. However, it can also regulate several responses in a non-canonical manner, such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death and cell adhesion. AhR plays an important role in central nervous system tumors, as it can regulate several cellular responses via different pathways. The polymorphisms of the AHR gene have been associated with the development of gliomas. In addition, the metabolism of tumor cells promotes tumor growth, particularly in tryptophan synthesis, where some metabolites, such as kynurenine, can activate the AhR pathway, triggering cell proliferation in astrocytomas, medulloblastomas and glioblastomas. Furthermore, as part of the changes in neuroblastomas, AHR is able to downregulate the expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc, induce differentiation in tumor cells, and cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these data suggested that the modulation of the AhR pathway may downregulate tumor growth, providing a novel strategy for applications for the treatment of certain tumors through the control of the AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zaragoza-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Elisa Apatiga-Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
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11
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Davidsen N, Lauvås AJ, Myhre O, Ropstad E, Carpi D, Gyves EMD, Berntsen HF, Dirven H, Paulsen RE, Bal-Price A, Pistollato F. Exposure to human relevant mixtures of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) alters neurodevelopmental processes in human neural stem cells undergoing differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:17-34. [PMID: 33333158 PMCID: PMC7992035 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to cause cancer, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and interfere with reproduction and development. Concerns have been raised about the impact of POPs upon brain development and possibly neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing brain is a particularly vulnerable organ due to dynamic and complex neurodevelopmental processes occurring early in life. However, very few studies have reported on the effects of POP mixtures at human relevant exposures, and their impact on key neurodevelopmental processes using human in vitro test systems. Aiming to reduce this knowledge gap, we exposed mixed neuronal/glial cultures differentiated from neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to reconstructed mixtures of 29 different POPs using concentrations comparable to Scandinavian human blood levels. Effects of the POP mixtures on neuronal proliferation, differentiation and synaptogenesis were evaluated using in vitro assays anchored to common key events identified in the existing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The present study showed that mixtures of POPs (in particular brominated and chlorinated compounds) at human relevant concentrations increased proliferation of NSCs and decreased synapse number. Based on a mathematical modelling, synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth seem to be the most sensitive DNT in vitro endpoints. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to POPs may affect human brain development, potentially contributing to recently observed learning and memory deficits in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Jacobsen Lauvås
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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12
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Lien YC, Won KJ, Simmons RA. Transcriptomic and Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Signaling Pathways Critical for Pancreatic Islet Maturation. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5923720. [PMID: 33053583 PMCID: PMC7668240 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and reduced insulin secretion play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Fetal and neonatal islets are functionally immature and have blunted glucose responsiveness and decreased insulin secretion in response to stimuli and are far more proliferative. However, the mechanisms underlying functional immaturity are not well understood. Pancreatic islets are composed of a mixture of different cell types, and the microenvironment of islets and interactions between these cell types are critical for β-cell development and maturation. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic data from intact islets isolated from fetal (embryonic day 19) and 2-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were integrated to compare their gene and protein expression profiles. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was also applied to elucidate pathways and upstream regulators modulating functional maturation of islets. By integrating transcriptome and proteomic data, 917 differentially expressed genes/proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. A total of 411 and 506 of them were upregulated and downregulated in the 2-week-old islets, respectively. IPA revealed novel critical pathways associated with functional maturation of islets, such as AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, as well as the importance of lipid homeostasis/signaling and neuronal function. Furthermore, we also identified many proteins enriched either in fetal or 2-week-old islets related to extracellular matrix and cell communication, suggesting that these pathways play critical roles in islet maturation. Our present study identified novel pathways for mature islet function in addition to confirming previously reported mechanisms, and provided new mechanistic insights for future research on diabetes prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca A. Simmons, MD, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, 13th Fl, Rm 1308, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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Choudhary M, Malek G. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Mediator and Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular and Non-Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186777. [PMID: 32947781 PMCID: PMC7555571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which senses environmental, dietary or metabolic signals to mount a transcriptional response, vital in health and disease. As environmental stimuli and metabolic products have been shown to impact the central nervous system (CNS), a burgeoning area of research has been on the role of the AHR in ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we summarize our current knowledge, of AHR-controlled cellular processes and their impact on regulating pathobiology of select ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. We catalogue animal models generated to study the role of the AHR in tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting the AHR pathway as a therapeutic strategy, in the context of the maladies of the eye and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2351 Erwin Road, P.O. Box 3802, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2351 Erwin Road, P.O. Box 3802, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.M.)
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14
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Pesticides, cognitive functions and dementia: A review. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:31-51. [PMID: 32145396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely-used chemicals commonly applied in agriculture for the protection of crops from pests. Depending on the class of pesticides, the specific substances may have a specific set of adverse effects on humans, especially in cases of acute poisoning. In past years, evidence regarding sequelae of chronic, low-level exposure has been accumulating. Cognitive impairment and dementia heavily affect a person's quality of life and scientific data has been hinting towards an association between them and antecedent chronic pesticide exposure. Here, we reviewed animal and human studies exploring the association between pesticide exposure, cognition and dementia. Additionally, we present potential mechanisms through which pesticides may act neurotoxically and lead to neurodegeneration. Study designs rarely presented homogeneity and the estimation of the exposure to pesticides has been most frequently performed without measuring the synergic effects and the possible interactions between the toxicants within mixtures, and also overlooking low exposures to environmental toxicants. It is possible that a Real-Life Risk Simulation approach would represent a robust alternative for future studies, so that the safe exposure limits and the net risk that pesticides confer to impaired cognitive function can be examined. Previous studies that evaluated the effect of low dose chronic exposure to mixtures of pesticides and other chemicals intending to simulate real life exposure scenarios showed that hormetic neurobehavioral effects can appear after mixture exposure at doses considered safe for individual compounds and these effects can be exacerbated by a coexistence with specific conditions such as vitamin deficiency. However, there is an overall indication, derived from both epidemiologic and laboratory evidence, supporting an association between exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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15
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Elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG affects the proliferation of mouse cortical astrocytes with the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), and elastin-binding protein (EBP). Cytokine 2019; 126:154930. [PMID: 31760184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During aging and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, elastin molecules are degraded and elastin-derived peptides are released into the brain microenvironment. Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG) is a repeating hexapeptide in the elastin molecule. It is well documented that the peptide sequence binds with high affinity to elastin-binding protein (EBP) located on the cell surface, thereby transducing a molecular signal into the cell. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EBP, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) are involved in VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. Primary astrocytes were maintained in DMEM/F12 medium without phenol red, supplemented with 10 or 1% charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of VGVAPG peptide, and resazurin reduction was measured. In addition, Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes were silenced. After 48 h of exposure to 10 nM and 1 µM of VGVAPG peptide, the level of estradiol (E2) and the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins were measured. The results showed that at a wide range of concentrations, VGVAPG peptide increased the metabolism of astrocytes depending on the concentration of FBS. After silencing of Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes, VGVAPG peptide did not affect the cell metabolism which suggests the involvement of all the mentioned receptors in its mechanism of action. Interestingly, in the low-FBS medium, the silencing of Glb1 gene did not result in complete inhibition of VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. On the other hand, in the medium with 10% FBS VGVAPG increased Ki67 expression after Pparγ silencing, whereas in the medium with 1% FBS VGVAPG decreased Ki67 expression. Following the application of Ahr siRNA, VGVAPG peptide decreased the production of E2 and increased the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins.
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Wu PY, Yu IS, Lin YC, Chang YT, Chen CC, Lin KH, Tseng TH, Kargren M, Tai YL, Shen TL, Liu YL, Wang BJ, Chang CH, Chen WM, Juan HF, Huang SF, Chan YY, Liao YF, Hsu WM, Lee H. Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by Kynurenine Impairs Progression and Metastasis of Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5550-5562. [PMID: 31431462 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant disease of infancy, and amplification of the MYCN oncogene is closely associated with poor prognosis. Recently, expression of MYCN was shown to be inversely correlated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in neuroblastoma, and overexpression of AHR downregulated MYCN expression, promoting cell differentiation. Therefore, we further investigated the potential of AHR to serve as a prognostic indicator or a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. First, the clinical significance of AHR in neuroblastoma was examined. Positive AHR immunostaining strongly correlated with differentiated histology of neuroblastoma and predicted better survival for patients. The mouse xenograft model showed that overexpression of AHR significantly suppressed neuroblastoma tumor growth. In addition, activation of AHR by the endogenous ligand kynurenine inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. kynurenine treatment also upregulated the expression of KISS1, a tumor metastasis suppressor, and attenuated metastasis in the xenograft model. Finally, analysis of KISS1 levels in neuroblastoma patient tumors using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform revealed that KISS1 expression positively correlated with AHR, and high KISS1 expression predicted better survival for patients. In conclusion, our results indicate that AHR is a novel prognostic biomarker for neuroblastoma, and that overexpression or activation of AHR offers a new therapeutic possibility for patients with neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that AHR may function as a tumor suppressor in childhood neuroblastoma, potentially influencing the aetiologic and therapeutic targeting of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mati Kargren
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology & Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology & Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jeng Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Kuzin BA, Simonova OB. Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Potential Target for Anticancer Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Chen Y, Sha R, Xu L, Xia Y, Liu Y, Li X, Xie HQ, Tang N, Zhao B. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes migration ability of primary cultured rat astrocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:368-376. [PMID: 30528028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce expression of certain reactivation-associated genes in astrocytes, however, the consequent cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. During the process of astrocyte reactivation, migration is a critical cellular event. In the present study, we employed wound-healing assay and Transwell® motility assay to explore the effects of TCDD on cell migration in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We found that upon TCDD treatments at relative low concentrations (10-10 and/or 10-9 mol/L), the ability of primary astrocytes to migrate horizontally and vertically was promoted. In line with this cellular effect, the mRNA expression of two pro-migratory genes, including cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was induced by TCDD treatment. Dioxin exerts its toxic effects mainly through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. So the role of AhR pathway in the pro-migratory effects of TCDD was examined using an AhR antagonist, CH223191. We found that application of CH223191 significantly reversed the pro-migratory effects of TCDD. Interestingly, the basal ability of horizontal migration as well as basal levels of CDC42 and MMP2 expression were dramatically reduced suggesting a possible physiological role of AhR in maintaining the endogenous migration ability of the primary astrocytes. These findings support the notion that dioxin promotes astrocyte reactivation at molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Rui Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, s, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, s, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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19
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Wójtowicz AK, Sitarz-Głownia AM, Szczęsna M, Szychowski KA. The Action of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Mouse Cerebral Cells Involves an Impairment in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:183-195. [PMID: 30120713 PMCID: PMC6313375 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in various plastic compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and products including baby toys, packaging films and sheets, medical tubing, and blood storage bags. Epidemiological data suggest that phthalates increase the risk of the nervous system disorders; however, the impact of DEHP on the brain cells and the mechanisms of its action have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as well as Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression in primary mouse cortical neurons and glial cells in the in vitro mono-cultures. Our experiments showed that DEHP stimulated ROS production in both types of mouse neocortical cells. Moreover, the results strongly support involvement of the AhR/Cyp1A1 signaling pathway in the action of DEHP in neurons and glial cells. However, the effects of DEHP acting on the AhR signaling pathways in these two types of neocortical cells were different. In neurons, AhR mRNA expression did not change, but AhR protein expression decreased in response to DEHP. A similar trend was observed for Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression. Failure to induce Cyp1a1 in neurons was confirmed by EROD assay. In primary glial cells, a decrease in AhR protein level was accompanied by a decrease in AhR mRNA expression. In glial cells, mRNA and protein expression of Cyp1a1 as well as Cyp1a1-related EROD activity were significantly increased. As for Cyp1b1, both in neurons and glial cells Cyp1b1 mRNA expression did not significantly change, whereas Cyp1b1 protein level were decreased. We postulate that developmental exposure to DEHP which dysregulates AhR/Cyp1a1 may disrupt defense processes in brain neocortical cells that could increase their susceptibility to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka M Sitarz-Głownia
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczęsna
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Opole, kard. B. Kominka 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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20
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Akishina AA, Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Slezinger MS, Simonova OB, Kuzin BA. NAP Family CG5017 Chaperone Pleiotropically Regulates Human AHR Target Genes Expression in Drosophila Testis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010118. [PMID: 30597983 PMCID: PMC6337364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the regulatory mechanism of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), target genes of transcription are necessary for understanding the normal developmental and pathological processes. Here, we examined the effects of human AHR ligands on male fecundity. To induce ectopic human AhR gene expression, we used Drosophilamelanogaster transformed with human AhR under the control of a yeast UAS promoter element capable of activation in the two-component UAS-GAL4 system. We found that exogenous AHR ligands decrease the number of Drosophila gonadal Tj-positive cells. We also found both an increase and decrease of AHR target gene expression, including in genes that control homeostasis and testis development. This suggests that gonadal AHR activation may affect the expression of gene networks that control sperm production and could be critical for fertility not just in Drosophila but also in humans. Finally, we found that the activation of the expression for some AHR target genes depends on the expression of testis-specific chaperone CG5017 in gonadal cells. Since CG5017 belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family and may participate in epigenetic regulation, we propose that this nucleotropic chaperone is essential to provide the human AHR with access to only the defined set of its target genes during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina A Akishina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Julia E Vorontsova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Roman O Cherezov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Slezinger
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga B Simonova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Boris A Kuzin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Kuzin BA, Simonova OB. [Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor as a potential target for anticancer therapy]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:397-415. [PMID: 30378556 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186405397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, whose functions are related to xenobiotic detoxification, response to inflammation, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Recent investigations suggest that AHR also plays an important role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Increased expression of AHR is observed in several types of tumors and tumor cell lines. In addition, it turned out that the composition of pharmaceutical drugs used in oncotherapy includes some ligands AHR. These facts allow us to consider an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor as a potential target for anticancer therapy, especially for the treatment of severe cancers whose treatment options are very limited or do not exist at all. In this review the examples of AHR ligands' effect on tumor cell cultures and on model mice lines with AHR-dependent response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Vorontsova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R O Cherezov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B A Kuzin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O B Simonova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Akishina AA, Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Mertsalov IB, Zatsepina OG, Slezinger MS, Panin VM, Petruk S, Enikolopov GN, Mazo A, Simonova OB, Kuzin BA. Xenobiotic-induced activation of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes in Drosophila is mediated by the epigenetic chromatin modifiers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102934-102947. [PMID: 29262535 PMCID: PMC5732701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is the key transcription factor that controls animal development and various adaptive processes. The AHR’s target genes are involved in biodegradation of endogenous and exogenous toxins, regulation of immune response, organogenesis, and neurogenesis. Ligand binding is important for the activation of the AHR signaling pathway. Invertebrate AHR homologs are activated by endogenous ligands whereas vertebrate AHR can be activated by both endogenous and exogenous ligands (xenobiotics). Several studies using mammalian cultured cells have demonstrated that transcription of the AHR target genes can be activated by exogenous AHR ligands, but little is known about the effects of AHR in a living organism. Here, we examined the effects of human AHR and its ligands using transgenic Drosophila lines with an inducible human AhR gene. We found that exogenous AHR ligands can increase as well as decrease the transcription levels of the AHR target genes, including genes that control proliferation, motility, polarization, and programmed cell death. This suggests that AHR activation may affect the expression of gene networks that could be critical for cancer progression and metastasis. Importantly, we found that AHR target genes are also controlled by the enzymes that modify chromatin structure, in particular components of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive complexes 1 and 2. Since exogenous AHR ligands (alternatively – xenobiotics) and small molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers are often used as pharmaceutical anticancer drugs, our findings may have significant implications in designing new combinations of therapeutic treatments for oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina A Akishina
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia E Vorontsova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman O Cherezov
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Il'ya B Mertsalov
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G Zatsepina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Slezinger
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grigori N Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga B Simonova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A Kuzin
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Xu T, Xie HQ, Li Y, Xia Y, Chen Y, Xu L, Wang L, Zhao B. CDC42 expression is altered by dioxin exposure and mediated by multilevel regulations via AhR in human neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10103. [PMID: 28860601 PMCID: PMC5578991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that dioxin causes dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) in a variety of tissues or cells. However, little is known about dioxin effects on neuronal miRs expression. In the present study, 277 differentially expressed miRs were identified by miRs microarray analysis in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, at 10−10 M) treated SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Among them, 53 miRs exhibited changes of more than 0.4-fold. Consistent with the microarray data, we verified the induction effect of TCDD on hsa-miR-608 expression, which is a primate-specific miR associated with brain functions. Bioinformatics analysis showed involvement of hsa-miR-608 in cytoskeleton organization, in which one of the hsa-miR-608 target genes, Cell Division Cycle 42 (CDC42), might play a role. We also confirmed induction of CDC42 expression by TCDD in SK-N-SH cells. TCDD induced the expression of CDC42 mRNA in hsa-miR-608 inhibitor transfected cells more obviously than in control cells, suggesting involvement of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in the TCDD-induced CDC42 regulation. Furthermore, CH223191, an antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), counteracted TCDD-induced hsa-miR-608 and CDC42 expression. These results indicated that AhR not only mediates transcriptional induction of CDC42, but also hsa-miR-608-induced post-transcriptional regulation of CDC42 in dioxin treated neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Heidi Q Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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24
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Shin S, Keleş S. Annotation Regression for Genome-Wide Association Studies with an Application to Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Data. STATISTICS IN BIOSCIENCES 2017; 9:50-72. [PMID: 28781711 PMCID: PMC5542423 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-016-9154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful at finding thousands of disease-associated genetic variants (GVs), identifying causal variants and elucidating the mechanisms by which genotypes influence phenotypes are critical open questions. A key challenge is that a large percentage of disease-associated GVs are potential regulatory variants located in noncoding regions, making them difficult to interpret. Recent research efforts focus on going beyond annotating GVs by integrating functional annotation data with GWAS to prioritize GVs. However, applicability of these approaches is challenged by high dimensionality and heterogeneity of functional annotation data. Furthermore, existing methods often assume global associations of GVs with annotation data. This strong assumption is susceptible to violations for GVs involved in many complex diseases. To address these issues, we develop a general regression framework, named Annotation Regression for GWAS (ARoG). ARoG is based on a finite mixture of linear regressions model where GWAS association measures are viewed as responses and functional annotations as predictors. This mixture framework addresses heterogeneity of effects of GVs by grouping them into clusters and high dimensionality of the functional annotations by enabling annotation selection within each cluster. ARoG further employs permutation testing to evaluate the significance of selected annotations. Computational experiments indicate that ARoG can discover distinct associations between disease risk and functional annotations. Application of ARoG to autism and schizophrenia data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium led to identification of GVs that significantly affect interactions of several transcription factors with DNA as potential mechanisms contributing to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Shin
- Department of Statistics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
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25
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Wright EJ, De Castro KP, Joshi AD, Elferink CJ. Canonical and non-canonical aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:87-92. [PMID: 32296737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research on the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) has unveiled its involvement in the toxicity of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and a myriad of normal physiological processes. The molecular dissection of AhR biology has centered on a canonical signaling pathway in an effort to mechanistically reconcile the diverse pathophysiological effects of exposure to environmental pollutants. As a consequence, we now know that canonical signaling can explain many but not all of the AhR-mediated effects. Here we describe recent findings that point to non-canonical signaling pathways, and focus on a novel AhR interaction with the Krüppel-like Factor 6 protein responsible for previously un-recognized epigenetic changes in the chromatin affecting gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Karen Pereira De Castro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Aditya D Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
| | - Cornelis J Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0654, USA
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26
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Gostomska-Pampuch K, Ostrowska A, Kuropka P, Dobrzyński M, Ziółkowski P, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Gamian A, Całkosiński I. Protective effects of levamisole, acetylsalicylic acid, and α-tocopherol against dioxin toxicity measured as the expression of AhR and COX-2 in a chicken embryo model. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:523-536. [PMID: 27942866 PMCID: PMC5359382 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are classed as persistent organic pollutants and have adverse effects on multiple functions within the body. Dioxins are known carcinogens, immunotoxins, and teratogens. Dioxins are transformed in vivo, and interactions between the products and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) lead to the formation of proinflammatory and toxic metabolites. The aim of this study was to determine whether α-tocopherol (vitamin E), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and levamisole can decrease the amount of damage caused by dioxins. Fertile Hubbard Flex commercial line chicken eggs were injected with solutions containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or containing TCDD and the test compounds. The chicken embryos and organs were analyzed after 7 and 13 days. The levels at which AhR and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins (which are induced during inflammation) were expressed were evaluated by performing immunohistochemical analyses on embryos treated with TCDD alone or with TCDD and the test compounds. TCDD caused developmental disorders and increased AhR and COX-2 expression in the chicken embryo tissues. Vitamin E, levamisole, ASA, and ASA plus vitamin E inhibited AhR and COX-2 expression in embryos after 7 days and decreased AhR and COX-2 expression in embryos after 13 days. ASA, levamisole, and ASA plus vitamin E weakened the immune response and prevented multiple organ changes. Vitamin E was not fully protective against developmental changes in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alicja Ostrowska
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Całkosiński
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618, Wrocław, Poland
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Decock A, Ongenaert M, De Wilde B, Brichard B, Noguera R, Speleman F, Vandesompele J. Stage 4S neuroblastoma tumors show a characteristic DNA methylation portrait. Epigenetics 2016; 11:761-771. [PMID: 27599161 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1226739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stage 4S neuroblastoma (NB) is a special type of NB found in infants with metastases at diagnosis and is associated with an excellent outcome due to its remarkable capacity to undergo spontaneous regression. As genomics have not been able to explain this intriguing clinical presentation, we here aimed at profiling the DNA methylome of stage 4S NB to better understand this phenomenon. To this purpose, differential methylation analyses between International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4S, stage 4 and stage 1/2 were performed, using methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) sequencing data of 14 stage 4S, 14 stage 4, and 13 stage 1/2 primary NB tumors (all MYCN non-amplified in order not to confound results). Stage 4S-specific hyper- and hypomethylated promoters were determined and further characterized for genomic localization and function by cytogenetic band enrichment, gene set enrichment, transcription factor target enrichment and differential RNA expression analyses. We show that specific chromosomal locations are enriched for stage 4S differentially methylated promoters and that stage 4S tumors show characteristic hypermethylation of specific subtelomeric promoters. Furthermore, genes involved in important oncogenic pathways, in neural crest development and differentiation, and in epigenetic processes are differentially methylated and expressed in stage 4S tumors. Based on these findings, we describe new biological mechanisms possibly contributing to the stage 4S-specific tumor biology and spontaneous regression. In conclusion, this study is the first to describe the highly characteristic stage 4S DNA methylome. These findings will open new avenues to further unravel the NB pathology in general and stage 4S disease specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Decock
- a Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG) , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Maté Ongenaert
- a Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Bram De Wilde
- a Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG) , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Brichard
- d Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Rosa Noguera
- e Department of Pathology , Medical School, University of Valencia, and Health Research Institute INCLIVA , Valencia , Spain
| | - Frank Speleman
- a Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG) , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- a Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG) , Ghent , Belgium.,f Bioinformatics Institute Ghent - From Nucleotides to Networks (BIG N2N) , Ghent , Belgium
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28
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Xu K, Yang Z, Shi R, Luo C, Zhang Z. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rat brain lesions following traumatic brain injury. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:72. [PMID: 27506546 PMCID: PMC4977631 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with multiple functions operating in a variety of organs, including the brain. Recent studies have revealed that AhR played a functional role in traumatic injuries. This paper aims to study the expression of AhR during the early phase following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rat brains by immunohistochemistry. Methods Weight-drop induced TBI was performed in rats. The expression of AhR in brain of TBI rats were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Neuron expression of AhR in the rat brains of experiment group had been upregulated since day 3 in lesional hemisphere compared to that of the control group and mainly located in the cytoplasm, indicating an inactivated state. Interestingly, the accumulation of AhR+ non-neuron cells became significant as early as 18 h after injury, which had kept increasing until 24 h post injury and then decreased slowly. For AhR+ non-neuron cells, the AhR mainly located in cell nucleus, indicating a reactive status. Furthermore, double staining showed that most AhR+ non-neuron cells co-localized with W3/13, a marker for T lymphocytes, but not with ED-1 (for activated microglia/macrophages) or GFAP (for activated astrocytes), suggesting that most AhR+ non-neuron cells were T lymphocytes. Conclusion This is the first study concerning AhR expression in brains following TBI, and our data demonstrated that AhR was upregulated and activated in T lymphocytes following TBI. More research is needed to make a more conclusive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Luo
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Rebuli ME, Patisaul HB. Assessment of sex specific endocrine disrupting effects in the prenatal and pre-pubertal rodent brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:148-59. [PMID: 26307491 PMCID: PMC4762757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain sex differences are found in nearly every region of the brain and fundamental to sexually dimorphic behaviors as well as disorders of the brain and behavior. These differences are organized during gestation and early adolescence and detectable prior to puberty. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) interfere with hormone action and are thus prenatal exposure is hypothesized to disrupt the formation of sex differences, and contribute to the increased prevalence of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders that present with a sex bias. OBJECTIVE Available evidence for the ability of EDCs to impact the emergence of brain sex differences in the rodent brain was reviewed here, with a focus on effects detected at or before puberty. METHODS The peer-reviewed literature was searched using PubMed, and all relevant papers published by January 31, 2015 were incorporated. Endpoints of interest included molecular cellular and neuroanatomical effects. Studies on behavioral endpoints were not included because numerous reviews of that literature are available. RESULTS The hypothalamus was found to be particularly affected by estrogenic EDCs in a sex, time, and exposure dependent manner. The hippocampus also appears vulnerable to endocrine disruption by BPA and PCBs although there is little evidence from the pre-pubertal literature to make any conclusions about sex-specific effects. Gestational EDC exposure can alter fetal neurogenesis and gene expression throughout the brain including the cortex and cerebellum. The available literature primarily focuses on a few, well characterized EDCs, but little data is available for emerging contaminants. CONCLUSION The developmental EDC exposure literature demonstrates evidence of altered neurodevelopment as early as fetal life, with sex specific effects observed throughout the brain even before puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Rebuli
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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30
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Climaco-Arvizu S, Domínguez-Acosta O, Cabañas-Cortés MA, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gonzalez FJ, Vega L, Elizondo G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor influences nitric oxide and arginine production and alters M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Life Sci 2016; 155:76-84. [PMID: 27153778 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of environmental pollutants. It is also implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Ahr-null macrophages overproduce several proinflammatory cytokines following LPS-mediated stimulation, suggesting that AHR affects the balance between the inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine whether the loss of AHR modifies macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peritoneal macrophages from wild-type and Ahr-null mice were differentiated into M1 or M2 phenotype by treatment with LPS/IFNγ or IL-4, and several M1 and M2 markers were determined by qPCR and ELISA assays. Macrophage phagocytic capacity was determined through phagocytosis of yeast and Leishmania major infection assays. Nitric oxide (NO) and urea production, and arginase activity were also determined. KEY FINDINGS When macrophages were polarized to the M1 phenotype, Ahr-null cells presented a mixed response; higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα were observed after IFNγ- and LPS-mediated activation. However, Ahr-null cells also exhibited decreased NO production and phagocytic capacity. When macrophage was polarized to the M2 phenotype, Ahr-null cells exhibited lower levels of Fizz1, Ym1, and IL-10. In contrast, arginase activity was increased when compared to wild-type macrophages. In addition, macrophages from Ahr-null mice were more susceptible to L. major infection. SIGNIFICANCE Disruption of the Ahr gene alters macrophage polarization when compared to WT macrophage. These changes may affect the development and resolution of several diseases such as bacterial or parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Climaco-Arvizu
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | | | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Unidad de Biomedicina, C.P. 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Libia Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico.
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Data on expression of lipoxygenases-5 and -12 in the normal and acetaminophen-damaged liver. Data Brief 2016; 7:1199-203. [PMID: 27408922 PMCID: PMC4927949 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present additional data on the expression of lipoxygenases -5 and -12 in the normal and acetaminophen-damaged liver, which are associated with our manuscript recently published in Chemico-Biological Interactions on lipid metabolism and eicosanoid signaling pathways involved in acetaminophen-induced liver damage in a mouse model (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.019 [1]). It has been demonstrated that the expression of lipoxygenase-5 and leukotriene formation are increased in the livers of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis (http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.17831 [2]). In addition, the lipoxygenase-12 is known to be expressed in the resident macrophage population of the liver (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00396-8 [3]). Mice were injected with acetaminophen, and at 48 h their livers were processed for immunohistochemistry with anti-mouse lipoxygenase-5 and -12 antibodies. At the same time point, the RNA was also extracted from the liver to assess the expression of lipoxygenase-5 and -12 genes via qPCR analysis. Our results show that lipoxygenase-5 expression, but not that of lipoxygenase-12, changes significantly in the acetominophen-damaged liver.
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Aftabi Y, Colagar AH, Mehrnejad F. An in silico approach to investigate the source of the controversial interpretations about the phenotypic results of the human AhR-gene G1661A polymorphism. J Theor Biol 2016; 393:1-15. [PMID: 26776670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) acts as an enhancer binding ligand-activated intracellular receptor. Chromatin remodeling components and general transcription factors such as TATA-binding protein (TBP) are evoked on AhR-target genes by interaction with its flexible transactivation domain (TAD). AhR-G1661A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: rs2066853) causes an arginine to lysine substitution in the acidic sub-domain of TAD at position 554 (R554K). Although, numerous studies associate the SNP with some abnormalities such as cancer, other reliable investigations refuse the associations. Consequently, the interpretation of the phenotypic results of G1661A-transition has been controversial. In this study, an in silico analysis were performed to investigate the possible effects of the transition on AhR-mRNA, protein structure, interaction properties and modifications. The analysis revealed that the R554K substitution affects secondary structure and solvent accessibility of adjacent residues. Also, it causes to decreasing of the AhR stability; altering the hydropathy features of the local sequence and changing the pattern of the residues at the binding site of the TAD-acidic sub-domain. Generating of new sites for ubiquitination and acetylation for AhR-K554 variant respectively at positions 544 and 560 was predicted. Our findings intensify the idea that the AhR-G1661A transition may affects AhR-TAD interactions, especially with the TBP, which influence AhR-target genes expression. However, the previously reported flexibility of the modular TAD could act as an intervening factor, moderate the SNP effects and causes distinct outcomes in different individuals and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Post Code: 47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Post Code: 47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
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Suciu M, Gruia AT, Nica DV, Azghadi SM, Mic AA, Mic FA. Acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Implications for temporal homeostasis of lipid metabolism and eicosanoid signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:335-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rosińczuk J, Całkosiński I. Effect of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid on the biochemical indices of blood in dioxin-exposed rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:1-11. [PMID: 26056971 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New sources of dioxins and increased dioxin concentrations in the environment, coupled with their increased bioavailability along the food chain and accumulation in adipose tissues, contribute to various adverse long-term biological effects. The purpose of the study was to determine whether tocopherol protects the CNS by decreasing the pro-inflammatory influence of free radicals generated by TCDD; whether acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators; and whether the combined administration of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid to TCDD-exposed rats has a potential CNS-protective effect. The study included 117 rats divided into 8 groups: 75 female and 12 male Buffalo rats aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 140-160 g; as well as 30 female rats aged 6 weeks and weighing 120 g, which were the offspring of females from each study group. In the experiment, the following substances were used: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dosed at 5 μg/kg BW and 12.5 μg/kg BW, diluted in a 1% DMSO solution at the concentration of 1 μg/ml; α-tocopherol acetate, dosed at 30 mg/kg BW, in 0.2 ml of oil solution; and acetylsalicylic acid, 50mg/kg BW, suspended in 0.5 ml of starch solution, administered orally using a feeding tube. Pleurisy was induced by an injection of 0.15 ml of 1% carrageenin solution. The use of tocopherol reduces the adverse effects of the inflammatory reaction induced by TCDD. Administering tocopherol improves protein metabolism by reducing protein catabolism, and raises γ-globulin fraction levels. Combined acetylsalicylic acid and tocopherol suppress catabolic processes accompanying inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rosińczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, The Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Całkosiński
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, The Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland.
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Chepelev NL, Moffat ID, Bowers WJ, Yauk CL. Neurotoxicity may be an overlooked consequence of benzo[a]pyrene exposure that is relevant to human health risk assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 764:64-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical assessment of hippocampus structures of rats exposed to TCDD and high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:645603. [PMID: 25879034 PMCID: PMC4388018 DOI: 10.1155/2015/645603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on central nervous system consists of changing expression of estrogen receptors, whereas the result of chronic inflammatory reaction caused by dioxin is occurrence of destructive changes in various organs connected with disturbed metabolism of connective tissue and damage of cells. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dioxins on function, ultrastructure, and cytological and histological structure of hippocampus, particularly on expression of estrogen receptors in central nervous system as well as to define protective influence of tocopherol (TCP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the decrease in activity of proinflammatory effects in central nervous system. It was shown that TCDD contributes to destructive and inflammatory changes along with demyelization of myelin sheaths and atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus. Dioxin contributes to atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus, in which also destructive and inflammatory changes were found along with demyelination of myelin sheaths. Histopathological and ultrastructural image of hippocampus areas in rats, in which both TCP and ASA were used, is characterized by poorly expressed degenerative changes and smaller inflammatory reactivity. Using both TCP and ASA has a protective effect on functions of central nervous system.
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Iida M, Bak SM, Murakami Y, Kim EY, Iwata H. Transient suppression of AHR activity in early red seabream embryos does not prevent the disruption of peripheral nerve projection by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:39-47. [PMID: 24858342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is mainly mediated by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates the transcription of multiple target genes including cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A). Our pervious study identified the presence of TCDD-induced defects of peripheral nerve projection in red seabream (Pagrus major) embryos. However, it remains unclear whether the TCDD-induced peripheral neurotoxicity is mediated by the AHR. To assess the contribution of the red seabream AHR (rsAHR) signaling pathway to the neuronal toxicity, red seabream embryos at 10h post-fertilization (hpf) were treated for 80 min with TCDD (0, 0.3, 5.3, and 37 nM in seawater) alone or in combination with CH223191 (500 nM in seawater), which is an AHR antagonist. A preliminary in vitro reporter gene assay confirmed that TCDD-induced transcriptional activity via rsAHR1 and rsAHR2 was suppressed by CH223191 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CYP1A mRNA expression in embryos was determined by 2-step real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction at 24 and 120 hpf and in situ hybridization at 48, 72, 96 and 120 hpf. The morphology of the peripheral nerve system (PNS) was also microscopically observed by fluorescent staining using an anti-acetylated tubulin antibody at 120 hpf. CYP1A mRNA expression was dose-dependently induced by TCDD at all of the examined developing stages. The suppression of TCDD-induced CYP1A expression by CH223191 treatment was observed in embryos at 24 and 48 hpf, while the effect of the rsAHR antagonist disappeared at 96 and 120 hpf. This phenomenon indicated the transient suppression of TCDD-induced rsAHR activation by CH223191 treatment. The immunostaining of peripheral nerves at 120 hpf demonstrated that the projections of the craniofacial nerve were altered in TCDD-treated embryos, and the frequency of TCDD-induced abnormal projections was not prevented by co-treatment with CH223191. These results indicate that the transient suppression of TCDD-induced rsAHR activation during the early developing stages of the red seabream does not influence the abnormal projection of peripheral nerves. In conclusion, transient rsAHR activation in the early stages of development is not involved in the neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Iida
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Su-Min Bak
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasunori Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Ouazia D, Levros LC, Rassart E, Desrosiers RR. Dopamine down-regulation of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase is dependent on reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroscience 2014; 267:263-76. [PMID: 24631677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Dopamine, via the oxidative stress that it generates in the cytosol, could contribute to the selective loss of neurons observed in PD. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is an enzyme that repairs L-isoaspartyl-containing proteins and possesses anti-apoptotic properties. PIMT expression has been shown to decrease with age. Together, these observations prompted us to investigate whether dopamine can regulate PIMT expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, we report that dopamine down-regulated PIMT at both gene and protein levels. The same inhibition of PIMT protein level was caused by the electron transport chain inhibitor, rotenone, which was accompanied, in both cases, by an increase in cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In fact, pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine blocked PIMT dopamine-associated down-regulation. PCMT1 promoter mapping experiments allowed the identification of two regions that showed different sensitivity to DA action. A first region localized between 61 and 94bp upstream of transcription start site was very sensitive to dopamine inhibition while a second region between 41 and 61bp appeared more resistant to dopamine inhibitory effect. The inhibition of PCMT1 promoter activity was mediated by dopamine-induced ROS since it was prevented by the hydroxyl radical scavenger N,N'-dimethylthiourea. Conversely, H2O2 inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the transcriptional activity of PCMT1 promoter. Therefore, our findings identified new molecular mechanisms, cytosolic dopamine and its resulting ROS, as inhibitors of PIMT expression. This suggests that ROS generated from cytosolic dopamine could reduce both the PCMT1 gene promoter activity and the PIMT protein level thus decreasing its capacity to repair proteins involved in apoptosis and could contribute to neuronal cell death observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ouazia
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - L-C Levros
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - E Rassart
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - R R Desrosiers
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor downregulates MYCN expression and promotes cell differentiation of neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88795. [PMID: 24586395 PMCID: PMC3931655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant disease of infancy. MYCN amplification is a prognostic factor for NB and is a sign of highly malignant disease and poor patient prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate novel MYCN-related genes and assess how they affect NB cell behavior. The different gene expression found in 10 MYCN amplification NB tumors and 10 tumors with normal MYCN copy number were analyzed using tissue oligonucleotide microarrays. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was subsequently performed to identify the potential genes involved in MYCN regulation pathways. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a receptor for dioxin-like compounds, was found to be inversely correlated with MYCN expression in NB tissues. This correlation was confirmed in a further 14 human NB samples. Moreover, AHR expression in NB tumors was found to correlate highly with histological grade of differentiation. In vitro studies revealed that AHR overexpression in NB cells induced spontaneous cell differentiation. In addition, it was found that ectopic expression of AHR suppressed MYCN promoter activity resulting in downregulation of MYCN expression. The suppression effect of AHR on the transcription of MYCN was compensated for by E2F1 overexpression, indicating that E2F1 is involved in the AHR-regulating MYCN pathway. Furthermore, AHR shRNA promotes the expression of E2F1 and MYCN in NB cells. These findings suggest that AHR is one of the upstream regulators of MYCN. Through the modulation of E2F1, AHR regulates MYCN gene expression, which may in turn affect NB differentiation.
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Hu W, Zhao J, Pei G. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) by tranilast, an anti-allergy drug, promotes miR-302 expression and cell reprogramming. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22972-84. [PMID: 23821545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-302 has been shown to regulate pluripotency genes and help somatic cell reprogramming. Thus, promotion of endogenous miR-302 expression could be a desirable way to facilitate cell reprogramming. By using a luciferase reporter system of the miR-302 promoter, we screened and found that an anti-allergy drug, tranilast, could significantly promote miR-302 expression. Further experiments revealed that two aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binding motifs on the miR-302 promoter are critical and that activation of AhR is required for tranilast-induced miR-302 expression. Consistently, not only tranilast but other AhR agonists promoted miR-302 expression. Furthermore, the activation of AhR facilitated cell reprogramming in a miR-302-dependent way. These results elucidate that miR-302 expression can be regulated by AhR and thus provide a strategy for promoting somatic cell reprogramming by AhR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of drug transporters in the brain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:361-72. [PMID: 23769624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette membrane-associated drug efflux transporters and solute carrier influx transporters, expressed at the blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and in brain parenchyma, are important determinants of drug disposition in the central nervous system. Targeting the regulatory pathways that govern the expression of these transporters could provide novel approaches to selectively alter drug permeability into the brain. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors which regulate the gene expression of several metabolic enzymes and drug efflux/influx transporters. Although efforts have primarily been focused on investigating these regulatory pathways in peripheral organs (i.e., liver and intestine), recent findings demonstrate their significance in the brain. This review addresses the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of drug transporter functional expression in the brain. An in-depth understanding of these pathways could guide the development of novel pharmacotherapy with either enhanced efficacy in the central nervous system or minimal associated neurotoxicity.
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Wang BJ, Wu PY, Lu YC, Chang CH, Lin YC, Tsai TC, Hsu MC, Lee H. Establishment of a cell-free bioassay for detecting dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:464-70. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.781254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tanida T, Tasaka K, Akahoshi E, Ishihara-Sugano M, Saito M, Kawata S, Danjo M, Tokumoto J, Mantani Y, Nagahara D, Tabuchi Y, Yokoyama T, Kitagawa H, Kawata M, Hoshi N. Fetal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin transactivates aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive element III in the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the mouse midbrain. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:117-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ken Tasaka
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Eiichi Akahoshi
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center; Toshiba Corporation; 1 Komukai-Toshiba cho, Saiwai Kawasaki 212-8582 Japan
| | - Mitsuko Ishihara-Sugano
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center; Toshiba Corporation; 1 Komukai-Toshiba cho, Saiwai Kawasaki 212-8582 Japan
| | - Michiko Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kawata
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Megumi Danjo
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Junko Tokumoto
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Daichi Nagahara
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center; University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai cho, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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Chevallier A, Mialot A, Petit JM, Fernandez-Salguero P, Barouki R, Coumoul X, Beraneck M. Oculomotor deficits in aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53520. [PMID: 23301081 PMCID: PMC3536739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor or AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor, is known to mediate the toxic and carcinogenic effects of various environmental pollutants such as 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Recent studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster show that the orthologs of the AhR are expressed exclusively in certain types of neurons and are implicated in the development and the homeostasis of the central nervous system. While physiological roles of the AhR were demonstrated in the mammalian heart, liver and gametogenesis, its ontogenic expression and putative neural functions remain elusive. Here, we report that the constitutive absence of the AhR in adult mice (AhR-/-) leads to abnormal eye movements in the form of a spontaneous pendular horizontal nystagmus. To determine if the nystagmus is of vestibular, visual, or cerebellar origin, gaze stabilizing reflexes, namely vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes (VOR and OKR), were investigated. The OKR is less effective in the AhR-/- mice suggesting a deficit in the visuo-motor circuitry, while the VOR is mildly affected. Furthermore, the AhR is expressed in the retinal ganglion cells during the development, however electroretinograms revealed no impairment of retinal cell function. The structure of the cerebellum of the AhR-/- mice is normal which is compatible with the preserved VOR adaptation, a plastic process dependent on cerebellar integrity. Finally, intoxication with TCDD of control adults did not lead to any abnormality of the oculomotor control. These results demonstrate that the absence of the AhR leads to acquired central nervous system deficits in the adults. Given the many common features between both AhR mouse and human infantile nystagmus syndromes, the AhR-/- mice might give insights into the developmental mechanisms which lead to congenital eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Chevallier
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Mialot
- Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricité - CNRS UMR 8194, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (XC); (MB)
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricité - CNRS UMR 8194, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (XC); (MB)
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Dever DP, Opanashuk LA. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to the proliferation of human medulloblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:669-78. [PMID: 22311706 PMCID: PMC3336804 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) transcription superfamily, is known to regulate the toxicity of polyaromatic halogenated hydrocarbon environmental chemicals, most notably dioxin. However, the AhR has also been implicated in multiple stages of tumorigenesis. Medulloblastoma (MB), a primary cerebellar brain tumor arising in infants and children, is thought to originate from abnormally proliferating cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNPs). GNPs express high levels of the AhR in the external germinal layer of the developing cerebellum. Moreover, our laboratory has previously reported that either abnormal activation or deletion of the AhR leads to dysregulation of GNP cell cycle activity and maturation. These observations led to the hypothesis that the AhR promotes the growth of MB. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the AhR serves a pro-proliferative role in an immortalized MB tumor cell line (DAOY). We produced a stable AhR knockdown DAOY cell line [AhR short hairpin RNA (shRNA)], which exhibited a 70% reduction in AhR protein levels. Compared with wild-type DAOY cells, AhR shRNA DAOY cells displayed an impaired G(1)-to-S cell cycle transition, decreased DNA synthesis, and reduced proliferation. Furthermore, these cell cycle perturbations were correlated with decreased levels of the pro-proliferative gene Hes1 and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(kip1). Supplementation experiments with human AhR restored the proliferative activity in AhR shRNA DAOY cells. Taken together, our data show that the AhR promotes proliferation of MB cells, suggesting that this pathway should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dever
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Akahoshi E, Yoshimura S, Uruno S, Itoh S, Ishihara-Sugano M. Tyrosine hydroxylase assay: a bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon receptor-active compounds based on tyrosine hydroxylase promoter activation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:458-60. [PMID: 22394336 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.668574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) assay is a novel bioassay for screening aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds with diverse toxicities. The TH assay employs reporter genes to evaluate TH promoter activity, which is linked to dopamine synthesis and regulated by the AhR-aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsive element-III (AHRE-III)-mediated pathway. The toxic equivalency factors for higher chlorinated dioxin congeners in the TH assay (TH-TEF) exhibit the same tendency as those for the WHO-TEF, indicating that the activity of the TH assay is consistent with that of existing methods. Furthermore, other chemicals, such as lower chlorinated dioxin congeners that were minimally investigated in the past could be detected preferentially by this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Akahoshi
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Komukai-Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
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Su C, Rybalchenko N, Schreihofer DA, Singh M, Abbassi B, Cunningham RL. Cell Models for the Study of Sex Steroid Hormone Neurobiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S2. [PMID: 22860237 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.s2-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To date many aspects of neurons and glia biology remain elusive, due in part to the cellular and molecular complexity of the brain. In recent decades, cell models from different brain areas have been established and proven invaluable toward understanding this complexity. In the field of steroid hormone neurobiology, an important question is: what is the profile of steroid hormone receptor expression in these specific cell lines? Currently, a clear summary of such receptor profiling is lacking. For this reason, we summarized in this review the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in several widely used cell lines (glial and neuronal) derived from the forebrain and midbrain, based on our own data and that from the literature. Such information will aid in the selection of specific cell lines used to test hypotheses related to the biology of estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
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Huang TC, Chang HY, Chen CY, Wu PY, Lee H, Liao YF, Hsu WM, Huang HC, Juan HF. Silencing of miR-124 induces neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through promoting AHR. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3582-6. [PMID: 22024478 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. We investigate whether miR-124, the abundant neuronal miRNA, plays a pivotal role in neuroblastoma. Knockdown of miR-124 promotes neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Further miR-124 is predicted to target aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which may promote neuroblastoma cell differentiation. We validate that miR-124 may suppress the expression of AHR by targeting its 3'-UTR. These results suggest that miR-124 could serve as a potential therapeutic target of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Chin Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lindsey S, Papoutsakis ET. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcription factor regulates megakaryocytic polyploidization. Br J Haematol 2011; 152:469-84. [PMID: 21226706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We propose that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a novel transcriptional regulator of megakaryopoietic polyploidization. Functional evidence was obtained that AHR impacts in vivo megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation; compared to wild-type mice, AHR-null mice had lower platelet counts, fewer numbers of newly synthesized platelets, increased bleeding times and lower-ploidy megakaryocytes (Mks). AHR mRNA increased 3·6-fold during ex vivo megakaryocytic differentiation, but reduced or remained constant during parallel isogenic granulocytic or erythroid differentiation. We interrogated the role of AHR in megakaryopoiesis using a validated Mk model of megakaryopoiesis, the human megakaryoblastic leukaemia CHRF cell line. Upon CHRF Mk differentiation, AHR mRNA and protein levels increased, AHR protein shifted from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and AHR binding to its consensus DNA binding sequence increased. Protein and mRNA levels of the AHR transcriptional target HES1 also increased. Mk differentiation of CHRF cells where AHR or HES1 was knocked-down using RNAi resulted in lower ploidy distributions and cells that were incapable of reaching ploidy classes ≥16n. AHR knockdown also resulted in increased DNA synthesis of lower ploidy cells, without impacting apoptosis. Together, these data support a role for AHR in Mk polyploidization and in vivo platelet function, and warrant further detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lindsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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Dioxins, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the central regulation of energy balance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010; 31:452-78. [PMID: 20624415 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have attracted toxicological interest not only for the potential risk they pose to human health but also because of their unique mechanism of action. This mechanism involves a specific, phylogenetically old intracellular receptor (the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR) which has recently proven to have an integral regulatory role in a number of physiological processes, but whose endogenous ligand is still elusive. A major acute impact of dioxins in laboratory animals is the wasting syndrome, which represents a puzzling and dramatic perturbation of the regulatory systems for energy balance. A single dose of the most potent dioxin, TCDD, can permanently readjust the defended body weight set-point level thus providing a potentially useful tool and model for physiological research. Recent evidence of response-selective modulation of AHR action by alternative ligands suggests further that even therapeutic implications might be possible in the future.
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