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Parisi C, Laneri F, Fraix A, Sortino S. Multifunctional Molecular Hybrids Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide: Advantages, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39009572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role nitric oxide (NO) plays in human physiology and pathophysiology has opened new scenarios in biomedicine by exploiting this free radical as an unconventional therapeutic against important diseases. The difficulties in handling gaseous NO and the strict dependence of the biological effects on its doses and location have made the light-activated NO precursors, namely NO photodonors (NOPDs), very appealing by virtue of their precise spatiotemporal control of NO delivery. The covalent integration of NOPDs and additional functional components within the same molecular skeleton through suitable linkers can lead to an intriguing class of multifunctional photoactivatable molecular hybrids. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent advances in these molecular constructs, emphasizing those merging NO photorelease with targeting, fluorescent reporting, and phototherapeutic functionalities. We will highlight the rational design behind synthesizing these molecular hybrids and critically describe the advantages, drawbacks, and opportunities they offer in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Laneri
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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2
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Chen T. Unveiling the significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase: Its impact on cancer progression and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216931. [PMID: 38701892 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The intricate role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cancer pathophysiology has garnered significant attention, highlighting the complex interplay between tumorigenesis, immune response, and cellular metabolism. As an enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO) in response to inflammatory stimuli. iNOS is implicated in various aspects of cancer development, including DNA damage, angiogenesis, and evasion of apoptosis. This review synthesizes the current findings from both preclinical and clinical studies on iNOS across different cancer types, reflecting the variability depending on cellular context and tumor microenvironment. We explore the molecular mechanisms by which iNOS modulates cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis, emphasizing its impact on immune surveillance and response to treatment. Additionally, the potential of targeting iNOS as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment is examined. By integrating insights from recent advances, this review aims to elucidate the significant role of iNOS in cancer and pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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3
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Ramzy A, Soliman AH, Hassanein SI, Sebak AA. Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:491-509. [PMID: 37612575 PMCID: PMC10761550 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a key component in the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is challenged by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that is jam-packed with cellular and non-cellular immunosuppressive components. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticulate system capable of sufficiently accumulating in the tumor and spleen to mediate local and systemic immune responses, respectively. The study also aimed to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. For such reasons, multi-functional polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered to simultaneously eradicate the cancer cells, silence the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and re-educate the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using doxorubicin, losartan, and metformin, respectively. These agents were also selected for their ability to tip the balance of the splenic immune cells towards immunostimulatory phenotypes. To establish TAM and TAF cultures, normal macrophages and fibroblasts were incubated with B16F10 melanoma cell (Mel)-derived secretome. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared, characterized, and tested in the target cell types. Organ distribution of fluorescein-loaded PLGA NPs was evaluated in a mouse model of melanoma. Finally, the local and systemic effects of different combination therapy programs were portrayed. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-loaded PLGA NPs could significantly ablate the immunosuppressive nature of Mel and skew TAMs and TAFs towards more favorable phenotypes. While in vivo, PLGA NPs were proven to exhibit long blood circulation time and to localize preferentially in the tumor and the spleen. The combination of either metformin or losartan with doxorubicin was superior to the monotherapy, both locally and systemically. However, the three-agent combo produced detrimental effects in the form of compromised well-being, immune depletion, and metastasis. These findings indicate the potential of TME remodeling as means to prime the tumors for successful chemoimmunotherapy. In addition, they shed light on the importance of the careful use of combination therapies and the necessity of employing dose-reduction strategies. D-NPs doxorubicin-loaded NPs, M-NPs metformin-loaded NPs, L-NPs losartan-loaded NPs, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, TAFs tumor-associated fibroblasts, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, CD206/40/86 cluster of differentiation 206/40/86, α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, MMPs matrix metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ramzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya A Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt.
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4
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Chen X, Xie K, Zhang X, Gu X, Wu Y, Su S. Bradykinin receptor participates in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating iNOS signal pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23393. [PMID: 37409694 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective and broad-spectrum anthracycline antibiotic, is widely used in the treatment of numerous malignancies. However, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity limits the clinical application of DOX, and the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the BK receptor B1/B2 double-knockout (B1B2 -/- ) mice to observe the role of BK receptor in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX and the underlying mechanisms. DOX induced myocardial injury with increased serum levels of AST, CK, and LDH, upregulated tissue expression of bradykinin B1/B2 receptor, FABP4 and iNOS, and downregulated expression of eNOS. However, these altered releases of myocardial enzyme and the expression level of iNOS were significantly prevented in the B1B2-/- mice. We concluded that the activation of both B1 and B2 receptors of BK were involved in the DOX-induced acute myocardial injury, possibly mediated through iNOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for New Drugs, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Kerang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shijiazhuang people's hospital, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for New Drugs, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xinshun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suwen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for New Drugs, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Yoon B, Dey A, Nguyen VQ, Park JH. Recent progress in nitric oxide-generating nanomedicine for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:179-198. [PMID: 36228954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous, multipotent biological signaling molecule that participates in several physiological processes. Recently, exogenous supplementation of tumor tissues with NO has emerged as a potential anticancer therapy. In particular, it induces synergistic effects with other conventional therapies (such as chemo-, radio-, and photodynamic therapies) by regulating the activity of P-glycoprotein, acting as a vascular relaxant to relieve tumor hypoxia, and participating in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. However, NO is highly reactive, and its half-life is relatively short after generation. Meanwhile, NO-induced anticancer activity is dose-dependent. Therefore, the targeted delivery of NO to the tumor is required for better therapeutic effects. In the past decade, NO-generating nanomedicines (NONs), which enable sustained and specific NO release in tumor tissues, have been developed for enhanced cancer therapy. This review describes the recent efforts and preclinical achievements in the development of NON-based cancer therapies. The chemical structures employed in the fabrication of NONs are summarized, and the strategies involved in NON-based cancer therapies are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuce Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Been Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Dey
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Quy Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Kim J, Thomas SN. Opportunities for Nitric Oxide in Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1146-1175. [PMID: 36180108 PMCID: PMC9553106 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite nearly 30 years of development and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and NO delivery systems in anticancer therapy, the limited understanding of exogenous NO's effects on the immune system has prevented their advancement into clinical use. In particular, the effects of exogenously delivered NO differing from that of endogenous NO has obscured how the potential and functions of NO in anticancer therapy may be estimated and exploited despite the accumulating evidence of NO's cancer therapy-potentiating effects on the immune system. After introducing their fundamentals and characteristics, this review discusses the current mechanistic understanding of NO donors and delivery systems in modulating the immunogenicity of cancer cells as well as the differentiation and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Lastly, the potential for the complex modulatory effects of NO with the immune system to be leveraged for therapeutic applications is discussed in the context of recent advancements in the implementation of NO delivery systems for anticancer immunotherapy applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite a 30-year history and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and delivery systems as anticancer therapeutics, their clinical translation has been limited. Increasing evidence of the complex interactions between NO and the immune system has revealed both the potential and hurdles in their clinical translation. This review summarizes the effects of exogenous NO on cancer and immune cells in vitro and elaborates these effects in the context of recent reports exploiting NO delivery systems in vivo in cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
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8
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Salihi A, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Khudhur ZO, Housein Z, Hama HA, Abdullah RM, Hussen BM, Alkasalias T. Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:233. [PMID: 35616143 PMCID: PMC9178674 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are three endogenous gasotransmitters that serve a role in regulating normal and pathological cellular activities. They can stimulate or inhibit cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as interfere with cancer cell responses to drug treatments. Understanding the molecular pathways governing the interactions between these gases and the tumor microenvironment can be utilized for the identification of a novel technique to disrupt cancer cell interactions and may contribute to the conception of effective and safe cancer therapy strategies. The present review discusses the effects of these gases in modulating the action of chemotherapies, as well as prospective pharmacological and therapeutic interfering approaches. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the cellular and pharmacological effects, as well as interactions, of each of the three gases could pave the way for therapeutic treatments and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Al-Naqshabandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zjwan Housein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnique University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Harmand A Hama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Ramyar M Abdullah
- College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- General Directorate of Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
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Kofla G, Radecke C, Frentsch M, Walther W, Stintzing S, Riess H, Bullinger L, Na IK. Conventional amphotericin B elicits markers of immunogenic cell death on leukemic blasts, mediates immunostimulatory effects on phagocytic cells, and synergizes with PD-L1 blockade. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2068109. [PMID: 35496500 PMCID: PMC9045824 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2068109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory regimens are a game changer in the fight against cancer, but still only a minority of patients achieve clinical benefit. Combination with immunomodulatory drugs and agents converting otherwise non-immunogenic forms of cell death into bona fide “immunogenic cell death” (ICD) could improve the efficacy of these novel therapies. The aim of our study was to investigate conventional Amphotericin B (AmB) as an enhancer of antitumor immune responses. In tumor cell line models, AmB induced ICD with its typical hallmarks of calreticulin (CALR) expression and release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP). Interestingly, in contrast to non-ICD inducing treatments, ICD induction led to up-regulation of PD-L1-expression by ICD experiencing cells, resulting in decreased maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Blocking this PD-L1 expression on tumor cells could unleash full ICD effects on antigen presenting cells. Even at sub-toxic concentrations, AmB was able to enhance CALR on leukemic blasts, particularly on phagocytic monoblastic THP-1 cells, which also showed features of “M1-like” differentiation after AmB exposure. The ability of AmB to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells was confirmed in vivo in a mouse vaccination experiment. In conclusion, we demonstrate that AmB can promote antitumor immune responses in a dose-dependent manner by ICD induction, surface translocation of CALR on leukemic blasts even at sub-toxic concentrations, and “M1-like” polarization of phagocytic cells, making it noteworthy as potential booster for cancer immunotherapy. We additionally report for the first time that PD-L1 expression may be a feature of ICD, possibly as a negative feedback mechanism regulating the maturation status of DCs and thus indirectly affecting T-cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kofla
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Radecke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Frentsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Charité – University Medicine and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung; DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Riess
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CCM), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung; DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - I-K. Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung; DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Parisi C, Moret F, Fraix A, Menilli L, Failla M, Sodano F, Conte C, Quaglia F, Reddi E, Sortino S. Doxorubicin-NO Releaser Molecular Hybrid Activatable by Green Light to Overcome Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7452-7459. [PMID: 35284722 PMCID: PMC8908524 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of a molecular hybrid (DXNO-GR) joining doxorubicin (DOX) and an N-nitroso moiety releasing nitric oxide (NO) under irradiation with the biocompatible green light has been investigated against DOX-sensitive (MCF7) and -resistant (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells in vitro. DXNO-GR shows significantly higher cellular internalization than DOX in both cell lines and, in contrast to DOX, does not experience cell efflux in MDR overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. The higher cellular internalization of the DXNO-GR hybrid seems to be mediated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a suitable carrier among serum proteins, according to the high binding constant measured for DXNO-GR, which is more than one order of magnitude larger than that reported for DOX. Despite the higher cellular accumulation, DXNO-GR is not toxic in the dark but induces remarkable cell death following photoactivation with green light. This lack of dark toxicity is strictly related to the different cellular compartmentalization of the molecular hybrid that, different from DOX, does not localize in the nucleus but is mainly confined in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum and therefore does not act as a DNA intercalator. The photochemical properties of the hybrid are not affected by binding to BSA as demonstrated by the direct detection of NO photorelease, suggesting that the reduction of cell viability observed under light irradiation is a combined effect of DOX phototoxicity and NO release which, ultimately, inhibits MDR1 efflux pump in DOX-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department
of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department
of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Failla
- Department
of Science and Drug Technology, University
of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Sodano
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
- Department
of Science and Drug Technology, University
of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Drug
Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug
Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department
of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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11
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Wang K, Jiang M, Zhou J, Liu Y, Zong Q, Yuan Y. Tumor-Acidity and Bioorthogonal Chemistry-Mediated On-Site Size Transformation Clustered Nanosystem to Overcome Hypoxic Resistance and Enhance Chemoimmunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:721-735. [PMID: 34978422 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of most solid tumors, causes severe tumor resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, a tumor-acidity and bioorthogonal chemistry-mediated on-site size transformation clustered nanosystem is designed to overcome hypoxic resistance and enhance chemoimmunotherapy. The nanosystem utilized the tumor-acidity responsive group poly(2-azepane ethyl methacrylate) with a rapid response rate and highly efficient bioorthogonal click chemistry to form large-sized aggregates in tumor tissue to enhance accumulation and retention. Subsequently, another tumor-acidity responsive group of the maleic acid amide with a slow response rate was cleaved allowing the aggregates to slowly dissociate into ultrasmall nanoparticles with better tumor penetration ability for the delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and nitric oxide (NO) to a hypoxic tumor tissue. NO can reverse a hypoxia-induced DOX resistance and boost the antitumor immune response through a reprogrammed tumor immune microenvironment. This tumor-acidity and bioorthogonal chemistry-mediated on-site size transformation clustered nanosystem not only helps to counteract a hypoxia-induced chemoresistance and enhance antitumor immune responses but also provides a general drug delivery strategy for enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jielian Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Zong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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12
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Zhao Y, Hou X, Chai J, Zhang Z, Xue X, Huang F, Liu J, Shi L, Liu Y. Stapled Liposomes Enhance Cross-Priming of Radio-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107161. [PMID: 34767279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and their cross-presentation in dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for radio-immunotherapy. However, the irradiation resistance of tumor cells usually results in limited TAA generation and release. Importantly, TAAs internalized by DCs are easily degraded in lysosomes, resulting in unsatisfactory extent of TAA cross-presentation. Herein, an antigen-capturing stapled liposome (ACSL) with a robust structure and bioactive surface is developed. The ACSLs capture and transport TAAs from lysosomes to the cytoplasm in DCs, thereby enhancing TAA cross-presentation. l-arginine encapsulated in ACSLs induces robust T cell-dependent antitumor response and immune memory in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after local irradiation, resulting in significant tumor suppression and an abscopal effect. Replacing l-arginine with radiosensitizers, photosensitizers, and photothermal agents may make ACSL a universal platform for the rapid development of various combinations of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoxue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jingshan Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanzhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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13
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Troitskaya OS, Novak DD, Richter VA, Koval OA. Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Therapy. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:40-53. [PMID: 35441043 PMCID: PMC9013441 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in chemotherapy-induced cell death. The conventional theory holding that apoptosis needs to be immunologically silent has recently been revised, and the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed. This review describes the main features of ICD induction. These ICD markers are important for the effectiveness of anticancer therapy, as well as for basic research into cell death regulation. The mechanism of the "vaccination effect" of dying cancer cells undergoing ICD has been fully described, including the activation of specific antitumor response after re-challenge by the same living tumor cells. This review also discusses the whole set of molecular events attributing cell death to immunogenic type: the exposure of calreticulin and the heat shock protein HSP70 to the outer surface of the cell membrane and the release of the nuclear protein HMGB1 and ATP into the extracellular space. ICD inducers of various nature (chemotherapy drugs, cytotoxic proteins, and oncolytic viruses), as well as physical methods, are classified in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Troitskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - D. D. Novak
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - V. A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - O. A. Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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14
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Banerjee K, Choudhuri SK. A novel tin based hydroxamic acid complex induces apoptosis through redox imbalance and targets Stat3/JNK1/MMP axis to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1018-1035. [PMID: 34865583 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2013480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Undesired toxicity and emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are the major impediments for the successful application of organotin-based compounds against cancer. Since oxalyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (OBPHA) exerts significant efficacy against cancer, we believe that derivatives of OBPHA including organotin molecule can show a promising effect against cancer. Herein, we have selected three previously characterized OBPHA derivatives viz., succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (SBPHA), diphenyl-tin succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (Sn-SBPHA), malonyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (MBPHA) and evaluated their antiproliferative efficacy against both drug resistant (CEM/ADR5000; EAC/Dox) and sensitive (CCRF-CEM; HeLa; EAC/S) cancers. Data revealed that Sn-SBPHA selectively targets drug resistant and sensitive cancers without inducing any significant toxicity to normal cells (Chang Liver). Moreover, shortening of the backbone of SBPHA enhances the efficacy of the newly formed molecule MBPHA by targeting only drug sensitive cancers. Sn-SBPHA induces caspase3-dependent apoptosis through redox-imbalance in both drug resistant and sensitive cancer. Sn-SBPHA also reduced the activation and expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 without altering the expression status of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in drug resistant cancer. In addition, Sn-SBPHA reduced the activation of both STAT3 and JNK1, the transcriptional modulator of MMPs, in a redox-dependent manner in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Thus, Sn-SBPHA targets MMPs by modulating STAT3 and JNK1 in a redox-dependent manner. However, MBPHA and SBPHA fail to target drug resistance and both drug resistant and sensitive cancer respectively. Furthermore, Sn-SBPHA significantly increases the lifespan of doxorubicin resistant and sensitive Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice without inducing any significant systemic-toxicity. Therefore, Sn-SBPHA has the therapeutic potential to target and overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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15
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Passirani C, Vessières A, La Regina G, Link W, Silvestri R. Modulating undruggable targets to overcome cancer therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 60:100788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Kashfi K, Kannikal J, Nath N. Macrophage Reprogramming and Cancer Therapeutics: Role of iNOS-Derived NO. Cells 2021; 10:3194. [PMID: 34831416 PMCID: PMC8624911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development, and progression of cancer and have a controversial role in pro- and antitumoral effects. The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), among other cell types that influence the fate of the growing tumor. Depending on the microenvironment and various cues, macrophages polarize into a continuum represented by the M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype or the anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype; these two are predominant, while there are subsets and intermediates. Manipulating their plasticity through programming or reprogramming of M2-like to M1-like phenotypes presents the opportunity to maximize tumoricidal defenses. The dual role of iNOS-derived NO also influences TAM activity by repolarization to tumoricidal M1-type phenotype. Regulatory pathways and immunomodulation achieve this through miRNA that may inhibit the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the classical physiology of macrophages and polarization, iNOS activities, and evidence towards TAM reprogramming with current information in glioblastoma and melanoma models, and the immunomodulatory and therapeutic options using iNOS or NO-dependent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Kannikal
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA;
| | - Niharika Nath
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA;
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17
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Sahebnasagh A, Saghafi F, Negintaji S, Hu T, Shabani-Boroujeni M, Safdari M, Ghaleno HR, Miao L, Qi Y, Wang M, Liao P, Sureda A, Simal-Gándara J, Nabavi SM, Xiao J. Nitric Oxide and Immune Responses in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1561-1595. [PMID: 34238142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the mysterious functions of nitric oxide (NO) and how this pleiotropic signaling molecule contributes to tumorigenesis. This review attempts to expose and discuss the information available on the immunomodulatory role of NO in cancer and recent approaches to the role of NO donors in the area of immunotherapy. To address the goal, the following databases were searched to identify relevant literature concerning empirical evidence: The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE from 1980 through March 2020. Valuable attempts have been made to develop distinctive NO-based cancer therapy. Although the data do not allow generalization, the evidence seems to indicate that low / moderate levels may favor tumorigenesis while higher levels would exert anti-tumor effects. In this sense, the use of NO donors could have an important therapeutic potential within immunotherapy, although there are still no clinical trials. The emerging understanding of NO-regulated immune responses in cancer may help unravel the recent features of this "double-edged sword" in cancer physiological and pathologic processes and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. In short, in this review, we discuss the complex cellular mechanism in which NO, as a pleiotropic signaling molecule, participates in cancer pathophysiology. We also debate the dual role of NO in cancer and tumor progression, and clinical approaches for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) based therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sina Negintaji
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tingyan Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mojtaba Shabani-Boroujeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezai Ghaleno
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Lingchao Miao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yaping Qi
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road. Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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18
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AboYoussef AM, Khalaf MM, Malak MN, Hamzawy MA. Repurposing of sildenafil as antitumour; induction of cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G pathway, caspase-dependent apoptosis and pivotal reduction of Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells in lung cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1080-1091. [PMID: 33856030 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancers that lead to death. Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 and showed potential anticancer effects, which has not yet been fully evaluated. Thus, this study aims to investigate the potential anticancer effect of sildenafil in urethane-induced lung cancer in BALB/c mice. METHODS Five-week-old male BALB/c mice were treated with either (i) normal saline only, (ii) sildenafil only 50 mg kg-1/ P.O every other day for the last four successive weeks, (iii) urethane 1.5 gm kg-1 i.p (at day 1 and day 60), (iv) carboplatin after urethane induction, or (v) sildenafil after urethane induction. KEY FINDINGS It was shown that sildenafil significantly increased the levels of cGMP and Caspase-3 with a reduction of NF-κB, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels and normalisation of Nrf2 along with pronounced improvement in the histological patterns. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that sildenafil markedly induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits the metastatic activity through activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G pathway and down-regulation of cyclin D1 and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells with downstream anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, which underscores the critical importance of future using sildenafil in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M AboYoussef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marina N Malak
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hamzawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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19
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Aboelella NS, Brandle C, Kim T, Ding ZC, Zhou G. Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050986. [PMID: 33673398 PMCID: PMC7956301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells are consistently under oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. This feature has been exploited to develop therapeutic strategies that control tumor growth by modulating the oxidative stress in tumor cells. This review provides an overview of recent advances in cancer therapies targeting tumor oxidative stress, and highlights the emerging evidence implicating the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in intensifying tumor oxidative stress. The promises and challenges of combining ROS-inducing agents with cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Abstract It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S. Aboelella
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caitlin Brandle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
| | - Timothy Kim
- The Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-4472
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20
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Fraix A, Parisi C, Failla M, Chegaev K, Spyrakis F, Lazzarato L, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Sortino S. NO release regulated by doxorubicin as the green light-harvesting antenna. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:6332-6335. [PMID: 32435776 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time a NO photodonor (NOPD) operating with the widely used chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) as the light-harvesting antenna. This permits NO uncaging from an N-nitroso appendage upon selective excitation of DOX with highly biocompatible green light, without precluding its typical red emission. This NOPD effectively binds DNA and photodelivers NO nearby, representing an intriguing candidate for potential multimodal therapeutic applications based on the combination of DOX and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariacristina Failla
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy. and Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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21
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Masetto F, Chegaev K, Gazzano E, Mullappilly N, Rolando B, Arpicco S, Fruttero R, Riganti C, Donadelli M. MRP5 nitration by NO-releasing gemcitabine encapsulated in liposomes confers sensitivity in chemoresistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118824. [PMID: 32828758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a therapy recalcitrant disease characterized by the aberrations in multiple genes that drive pathogenesis and drug chemoresistance. In this study, we synthesize a library of seven novel nitric oxide-releasing gemcitabine pro-drugs (NO-GEMs) in order to improve the effectiveness of GEM by exploiting the therapeutic effects of NO. Among these NO-GEM pro-drugs we select 5b as the most effective compound in GEM-resistant PDAC cells. After its encapsulation in liposomes for drug delivery the intracellular NO level increases and nitration associated to activity inhibition of the multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (MRP5; ABCC5) occurs. This results in GEM intracellular accumulation and enhanced apoptotic cell death in GEM-resistant PDAC cells, which express MRP5 at higher levels than GEM-sensitive cells. Our results support the development of a new anti-tumoral strategy to efficiently affect GEM-resistant PDAC cells based on the usage of NO-GEM pro-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.
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22
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In vitro vascular toxicity assessment of NitDOX, a novel NO-releasing doxorubicin. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173164. [PMID: 32437742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of doxorubicin (DOX) with nitric oxide (NO)-releasing groups gave rise to novel anthracyclines, such as nitrooxy-DOX (NitDOX), capable to overcome multidrug resistance. The widely described anthracycline cardiovascular toxicity, however, might limit their clinical use. This study aimed to investigate NitDOX-induced effects, as potential hazard, on vascular smooth muscle A7r5 and endothelial EA.hy926 cell viability, on the mechanical activity of freshly and cultured rat aorta rings, as well as on Cav1.2 channels of A7r5 cells. DOX was used as a reference compound. Although an increase in intracellular radicals and a reduction in mitochondrial potential occurred upon treatment with both drugs, A7r5 and EA.hy926 cells proved to be more sensitive to DOX than to NitDOX. Both compounds promoted comparable effects in A7r5 cells, whereas NitDOX was less active than DOX in inducing DNA damage and in eliciting apoptotic-mediated cell death revealed as an increase in sub-diploid-, DAPI- and annexin V-positive- EA.hy926 cell percentage. Moreover, in EA.hy926 cells, NitDOX doubled basal NO content, while preincubation with the NO-scavenger PTIO increased NitDOX-induced cytotoxicity. DOX exhibited a negligible contracturing effect in endothelium-intact rings, while NitDOX induced a significant ODQ-sensible, vasodilation in endothelium-denuded rings. In arteries cultured with both drugs for 7 days, NitDOX prevented either phenylephrine- or KCl-induced contraction at a concentration 10-fold higher than that of DOX. These results demonstrate that NitDOX displays a more favourable vascular toxicity profile than DOX. Taking into account its greater efficacy against drug-resistant cells, NitDOX is worth of further investigations in preclinical and clinical settings.
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23
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Macejová M, Sačková V, Hradická P, Jendželovský R, Demečková V, Fedoročko P. Combination of photoactive hypericin and Manumycin A exerts multiple anticancer effects on oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fraix A, Conte C, Gazzano E, Riganti C, Quaglia F, Sortino S. Overcoming Doxorubicin Resistance with Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2135-2144. [PMID: 32286080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report on tailored lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) delivering nitric oxide (NO) under the control of visible light as a tool for overcoming doxorubicin (DOX) resistance. The NPs consist of a polymeric core and a coating. They are appropriately designed to entrap DOX in the poly(lactide-co-glycolide) core and a NO photodonor (NOPD) in the phospholipid shell to avoid their mutual interaction both in the ground and excited states. The characteristic red fluorescence of DOX, useful for its tracking in cells, is well preserved upon incorporation within the NPs, even in the copresence of NOPD. The NP scaffold enhances the NO photoreleasing efficiency of the entrapped NOPD when compared with that of the free compound, and the copresence of DOX does not significantly affect such enhanced photochemical performance. Besides, the delivery of DOX and NOPD from NPs is also not mutually influenced. Experiments carried out in M14 DOX-resistant melanoma cells demonstrate that NO release from the multicargo NPs can be finely regulated by excitation with visible light, at a concentration level below the cytotoxic doses but sufficient enough to inhibit the efflux transporters mostly responsible for DOX cellular extrusion. This results in increased cellular retention of DOX with consequent enhancement of its antitumor activity. This approach, in principle, is not dependent on the type of chemotherapeutic used and may pave the way for new treatment modalities based on the photoregulated release of NO to overcome the multidrug resistance phenomenon and improve cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Oncological Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Oncological Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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Kopecka J, Godel M, Dei S, Giampietro R, Belisario DC, Akman M, Contino M, Teodori E, Riganti C. Insights into P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: New Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041033. [PMID: 32331368 PMCID: PMC7226521 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a strong inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD), but it is ineffective in P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing cells. Indeed, Pgp effluxes doxorubicin and impairs the immunesensitizing functions of calreticulin (CRT), an "eat-me" signal mediating ICD. It is unknown if classical Pgp inhibitors, designed to reverse chemoresistance, may restore ICD. We addressed this question by using Pgp-expressing cancer cells, treated with Tariquidar, a clinically approved Pgp inhibitor, and R-3 compound, a N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl ester derivative with the same potency of Tariquidar as Pgp inhibitor. In Pgp-expressing/doxorubicin-resistant cells, Tariquidar and R-3 increased doxorubicin accumulation and toxicity, reduced Pgp activity, and increased CRT translocation and ATP and HMGB1 release. Unexpectedly, only R-3 promoted phagocytosis by dendritic cells and activation of antitumor CD8+T-lymphocytes. Although Tariquidar did not alter the amount of Pgp present on cell surface, R-3 promoted Pgp internalization and ubiquitination, disrupting its interaction with CRT. Pgp knock-out restores doxorubicin-induced ICD in MDA-MB-231/DX cells that recapitulated the phenotype of R-3-treated cells. Our work demonstrates that plasma membrane-associated Pgp prevents a complete ICD notwithstanding the release of ATP and HMGB1, and the exposure of CRT. Pharmacological compounds reducing Pgp activity and amount may act as promising chemo- and immunesensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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26
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Kim J, Sestito LF, Im S, Kim WJ, Thomas SN. Poly(cyclodextrin)-Polydrug Nanocomplexes as Synthetic Oncolytic Virus for Locoregional Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908788. [PMID: 33071710 PMCID: PMC7566879 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the approval of oncolytic virus therapy for advanced melanoma, its intrinsic limitations that include the risk of persistent viral infection and cost-intensive manufacturing motivate the development of analogous approaches that are free from the disadvantages of virus-based therapies. Herein, we report a nanoassembly comprised of multivalent host-guest interactions between polymerized paclitaxel (pPTX) and nitric oxide incorporated polymerized β-cyclodextrin (pCD-pSNO) that through its bioactive components and when used locoregionally recapitulates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic virus. The resultant pPTX/pCD-pSNO exhibits significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell activation and T cell expansion in vitro compared to free agents alone or in combination. In vivo, intratumoral administration of pPTX/pCD-pSNO results in activation and expansion of dendritic cells systemically, but with a corresponding expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8+ T cell expansion. When combined with antibody targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 that blunts this molecule's signaling effects on T cells, intratumoral pPTX/pCD-pSNO treatment elicits potent anticancer effects that significantly prolong animal survival. This formulation thus leverages the chemo- and immunotherapeutic synergies of paclitaxel and nitric oxide and suggests the potential for virus-free nanoformulations to mimic the therapeutic action and benefits of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Bonavida B. Sensitizing activities of nitric oxide donors for cancer resistance to anticancer therapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113913. [PMID: 32173364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is not a single disease but it constitutes a large variety of different types that are also different from each other phenotypically and molecularly. Although the standard treatments have resulted in clinical responses in a subset of patients, though, many patients relapse and no longer respond to further treatments. Hence, both the innate and adaptive resistance to treatments are the main challenges in today's treatment strategies. Noteworthy, several novel treatment strategies, particularly immunotherapies, used alone or in combination, have been developed and that have significantly improved the therapeutic response of many unresponsive cancer patients. Nevertheless, even with the latest new developments of therapeutics that were effective in a larger subset of patients, there is still an urgent need to treat the remaining unresponsive subset of patients. This requires the development of new targeting agents of superior antitumor activities that will lead to overcoming the unaffected resistance by current treatments. There has been accumulating evidence suggesting nitric oxide donors as such targeting agents and considering their pleiotropic antitumor activities, including both the reversal of chemo and immuno-resistance of various unresponsive resistant cancers. The in vitro and in vivo preclinical findings corroborate the sensitizing antitumor activities of nitric oxide donors. In addition, a few clinical findings with NO donors that have been applied in patients have corroborated their antitumor and sensitizing activities in combination with standard therapies. In this review, the role and underlying mechanisms by which nitric oxide donors sensitize cancer resistant cells to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Dallavalle S, Dobričić V, Lazzarato L, Gazzano E, Machuqueiro M, Pajeva I, Tsakovska I, Zidar N, Fruttero R. Improvement of conventional anti-cancer drugs as new tools against multidrug resistant tumors. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 50:100682. [PMID: 32087558 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy. The design of antitumor drugs that are able to evade MDR is rapidly evolving, showing that this area of biomedical research attracts great interest in the scientific community. The current review explores promising recent approaches that have been developed with the aim of circumventing or overcoming MDR. Encouraging results have been obtained in the investigation of the MDR-modulating properties of various classes of natural compounds and their analogues. Inhibition of P-gp or downregulation of its expression have proven to be the main mechanisms by which MDR can be surmounted. The use of hybrid molecules that are able to simultaneously interact with two or more cancer cell targets is currently being explored as a means to circumvent drug resistance. This strategy is based on the design of hybrid compounds that are obtained either by merging the structural features of separate drugs, or by conjugating two drugs or pharmacophores via cleavable/non-cleavable linkers. The approach is highly promising due to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages that can be achieved over the independent administration of the two individual components. However, it should be stressed that the task of obtaining successful multivalent drugs is a very challenging one. The conjugation of anticancer agents with nitric oxide (NO) donors has recently been developed, creating a particular class of hybrid that can combat tumor drug resistance. Appropriate NO donors have been shown to reverse drug resistance via nitration of ABC transporters and by interfering with a number of metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways. In fact, hybrid compounds that are produced by covalently attaching NO-donors and antitumor drugs have been shown to elicit a synergistic cytotoxic effect in a variety of drug resistant cancer cell lines. Another strategy to circumvent MDR is based on nanocarrier-mediated transport and the controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs and P-gp inhibitors. Their pharmacokinetics are governed by the nanoparticle or polymer carrier and make use of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, which can increase selective delivery to cancer cells. These systems are usually internalized by cancer cells via endocytosis and accumulate in endosomes and lysosomes, thus preventing rapid efflux. Other modalities to combat MDR are described in this review, including the pharmaco-modulation of acridine, which is a well-known scaffold in the development of bioactive compounds, the use of natural compounds as means to reverse MDR, and the conjugation of anticancer drugs with carriers that target specific tumor-cell components. Finally, the outstanding potential of in silico structure-based methods as a means to evaluate the ability of antitumor drugs to interact with drug transporters is also highlighted in this review. Structure-based design methods, which utilize 3D structural data of proteins and their complexes with ligands, are the most effective of the in silico methods available, as they provide a prediction regarding the interaction between transport proteins and their substrates and inhibitors. The recently resolved X-ray structure of human P-gp can help predict the interaction sites of designed compounds, providing insight into their binding mode and directing possible rational modifications to prevent them from becoming P-gp drug substrates. In summary, although major efforts were invested in the search for new tools to combat drug resistant tumors, they all require further implementation and methodological development. Further investigation and progress in the abovementioned strategies will provide significant advances in the rational combat against cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, C8 Building, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- QSAR and Molecular Modelling Department, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- QSAR and Molecular Modelling Department, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Sinha BK. Role of Oxygen and Nitrogen Radicals in the Mechanism of Anticancer Drug Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCE & THERAPY 2020; 12:10-18. [PMID: 32494339 PMCID: PMC7269165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, successful treatments of human malignancies have been difficult to achieve in the clinic. In spite of various approaches to overcome multi drug resistance, it has remained challenging and elusive. It is, therefore, necessary to define and understand the mechanisms of drug-induced tumor cell killing for the future development of anticancer agents and for rationally designed combination chemotherapies. The clinically active antitumor drugs, topotecan, doxorubicin, etoposide, and procarbazine are currently used for the treatment of human tumors. Therefore, a great deal research has been carried to understand mechanisms of actions of these agents both in the laboratory and in the clinic. These drugs are also extensively metabolized in tumor cells to various reactive species and generate oxygen free radical species (ROS) that initiate lipid peroxidation and induce DNA damage. However, the roles of ROS in the mechanism of cytotoxicity remain unappreciated in the clinic. In addition to ROS, various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also formed in tumor cells and in vivo. However, the importance of RNS in cancer treatment is not clear and has remained poorly defined. This review discusses the current understanding of the formation and the significance of ROS and RNS in the mechanisms of various clinically active anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Natarajan V, Moar P, Kaur US, Venkatesh V, Kumar A, Chaturvedi R, Himanshu D, Tandon R. Helicobacter pylori Reactivates Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Latently Infected Monocytes with Increased Expression of IL-1β and CXCL8. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:556-568. [PMID: 32581644 PMCID: PMC7290055 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921666191226091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori are gram-negative bacteria, which colonize the human stomach. More than 50% of the world's population is infected by H. pylori. Based on the high prevalence of H. pylori, it is very likely that HIV and H. pylori infection may coexist. However, the molecular events that occur during HIV-H. pylori co-infection remain unclear. Latent HIV reservoirs are the major obstacle in HIV cure despite effective therapy. Here, we explored the effect of H. pylori stimulation on latently HIV-infected monocytic cell line U1. Methods High throughput RNA-Seq using Illumina platform was performed to analyse the change in transcriptome between unstimulated and H. pylori-stimulated latently HIV-infected U1 cells. Transcriptome analysis identified potential genes and pathways involved in the reversal of HIV latency using bioinformatic tools that were validated by real-time PCR. Results H. pylori stimulation increased the expression of HIV-1 Gag, both at transcription (p<0.001) and protein level. H. pylori stimulation also increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, CXCL8 and CXCL10 (p<0.0001). Heat-killed H. pylori retained their ability to induce HIV transcription. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 197 significantly upregulated and 101 significantly downregulated genes in H. pylori-stimulated U1 cells. IL-1β and CXCL8 were found to be significantly upregulated using transcriptome analysis, which was consistent with real-time PCR data. Conclusion H. pylori reactivate HIV-1 in latently infected monocytes with the upregulation of IL-1β and CXCL8, which are prominent cytokines involved in the majority of inflammatory pathways. Our results warrant future in vivo studies elucidating the effect of H. pylori in HIV latency and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Natarajan
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Preeti Moar
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Urvinder S Kaur
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vimala Venkatesh
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - D Himanshu
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- 1Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India; 3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangaluru, 560066, India; 4Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India; 5Host Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6Department of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Sodano F, Cavanagh RJ, Pearce AK, Lazzarato L, Rolando B, Fraix A, Abelha TF, Vasey CE, Alexander C, Taresco V, Sortino S. Enhancing doxorubicin anticancer activity with a novel polymeric platform photoreleasing nitric oxide. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1329-1344. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination of Doxorubicin with light-regulated NO release achieved through formulation strategy of tailored polymeric conjugate nanoparticles may open new treatment modalities to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sodano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | | | | | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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32
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Wu Chuang A, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Bezu L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns. BIOLOGY OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 2020; 350:1-28. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gerber TJ, Fehr VCO, Oliveira SDS, Hu G, Dull R, Bonini MG, Beck-Schimmer B, Minshall RD. Sevoflurane Promotes Bactericidal Properties of Macrophages through Enhanced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Male Mice. Anesthesiology 2019; 131:1301-1315. [PMID: 31658116 PMCID: PMC6856440 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane with its antiinflammatory properties has shown to decrease mortality in animal models of sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism of its beneficial effect in this inflammatory scenario remains poorly understood. Macrophages play an important role in the early stage of sepsis as they are tasked with eliminating invading microbes and also attracting other immune cells by the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Thus, the authors hypothesized that sevoflurane mitigates the proinflammatory response of macrophages, while maintaining their bactericidal properties. METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide in the presence and absence of 2% sevoflurane. Expression of cytokines and inducible NO synthase as well as uptake of fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli) were measured. The in vivo endotoxemia model consisted of an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection after anesthesia with either ketamine and xylazine or 4% sevoflurane. Male mice (n = 6 per group) were observed for a total of 20 h. During the last 30 min fluorescently labeled E. coli were intraperitoneally injected. Peritoneal cells were extracted by peritoneal lavage and inducible NO synthase expression as well as E. coli uptake by peritoneal macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS In vitro, sevoflurane enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible NO synthase expression after 8 h by 466% and increased macrophage uptake of fluorescently labeled E. coli by 70% compared with vehicle-treated controls. Inhibiting inducible NO synthase expression pharmacologically abolished this increase in bacteria uptake. In vivo, inducible NO synthase expression was increased by 669% and phagocytosis of E. coli by 49% compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane enhances phagocytosis of bacteria by lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages in vitro and in vivo via an inducible NO synthase-dependent mechanism. Thus, sevoflurane potentiates bactericidal and antiinflammatory host-defense mechanisms in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Gerber
- From the Departments Anesthesiology (T.J.G., V.C.O.F., S.D.S.O., G.H., R.D., B.B.-S., R.D.M.) Medicine (M.G.B.) Pharmacology (R.D.M.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Institute of Anesthesiology (V.C.O.F., B.B.-S.) the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (T.J.G., V.C.O.F., B.B.-S.), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nitric oxide and interactions with reactive oxygen species in the development of melanoma, breast, and colon cancer: A redox signaling perspective. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tessaro AL, Fraix A, Pedrozo da Silva AC, Gazzano E, Riganti C, Sortino S. "Three-Bullets" Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Combined Photo/Chemotherapy. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060823. [PMID: 31159241 PMCID: PMC6631764 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This contribution reports the design, preparation, photophysical and photochemical characterization, as well as a preliminary biological evaluation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) covalently integrating a nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (NOPD) and a singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer (PS) and encapsulating the anticancer doxorubicin (DOX) in a noncovalent fashion. These MSNs bind the NOPD mainly in their inner part and the PS in their outer part in order to judiciously exploit the different diffusion radius of the cytotoxic NO and 1O2. Furthermore this silica nanoconstruct has been devised in such a way to permit the selective excitation of the NOPD and the PS with light sources of different energy in the visible window. We demonstrate that the individual photochemical performances of the photoactive components of the MSNs are not mutually affected, and remain unaltered even in the presence of DOX. As a result, the complete nanoconstruct is able to deliver NO and 1O2 under blue and green light, respectively, and to release DOX under physiological conditions. Preliminary biological results performed using A375 cancer cells show a good tolerability of the functionalized MSNs in the dark and a potentiated activity of DOX upon irradiation, due to the effect of the NO photoreleased.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Tessaro
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, R. Marcílio Dias, 635, Jardim Paraíso, Apucarana 86812-460, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ana Claudia Pedrozo da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, Maringá 87.020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Salaroglio IC, Kopecka J, Napoli F, Pradotto M, Maletta F, Costardi L, Gagliasso M, Milosevic V, Ananthanarayanan P, Bironzo P, Tabbò F, Cartia CF, Passone E, Comunanza V, Ardissone F, Ruffini E, Bussolino F, Righi L, Novello S, Di Maio M, Papotti M, Scagliotti GV, Riganti C. Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Microenvironment in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1458-1471. [PMID: 31078776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A comprehensive analysis of the immune cell infiltrate collected from pleural fluid and from biopsy specimens of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) may contribute to understanding the immune-evasion mechanisms related to tumor progression, aiding in differential diagnosis and potential prognostic stratification. Until now such approach has not routinely been verified. METHODS We enrolled 275 patients with an initial clinical diagnosis of pleural effusion. Specimens of pleural fluids and pleural biopsy samples used for the pathologic diagnosis and the immune phenotype analyses were blindly investigated by multiparametric flow cytometry. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to correlate immune phenotype data with patients' outcome. RESULTS The cutoffs of intratumor T-regulatory (>1.1%) cells, M2-macrophages (>36%), granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC; >5.1% and 4.2%, respectively), CD4 molecule-positive (CD4+) programmed death 1-positive (PD-1+) (>5.2%) and CD8+PD-1+ (6.4%) cells, CD4+ lymphocyte activating 3-positive (LAG-3+) (>2.8% ) and CD8+LAG-3+ (>2.8%) cells, CD4+ T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3-positive (TIM-3+) (>2.5%), and CD8+TIM-3+ (>2.6%) cells discriminated MPM from pleuritis with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The presence of intratumor MDSC contributed to the anergy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The immune phenotype of pleural fluid cells had no prognostic significance. By contrast, the intratumor T-regulatory and MDSC levels significantly correlated with progression-free and overall survival, the PD-1+/LAG-3+/TIM-3+ CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS A clear immune signature of pleural fluids and tissues of MPM patients may contribute to better predict patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Monica Pradotto
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesca Maletta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology at AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Costardi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, AOU Città della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Gagliasso
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Thoracic Oncology Unit and Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tabbò
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Thoracic Oncology Unit and Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carlotta F Cartia
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Erika Passone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, AOU Città della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ardissone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, AOU Città della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Thoracic Oncology Unit and Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at AOU Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology at AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Thoracic Oncology Unit and Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "G. Scansetti" for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Salaroglio IC, Gazzano E, Abdullrahman A, Mungo E, Castella B, Abd-Elrahman GEFAE, Massaia M, Donadelli M, Rubinstein M, Riganti C, Kopecka J. Increasing intratumor C/EBP-β LIP and nitric oxide levels overcome resistance to doxorubicin in triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:286. [PMID: 30482226 PMCID: PMC6258159 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) easily develops resistance to the first-line drug doxorubicin, because of the high levels of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and the activation of pro-survival pathways dependent on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interfering with these mechanisms may overcome the resistance to doxorubicin, a still unmet need in TNBC. METHODS We analyzed a panel of human and murine breast cancer cells for their resistance to doxorubicin, Pgp expression, lysosome and proteasome activity, nitrite production, ER-dependent cell death and immunogenic cell death parameters. We evaluated the efficacy of genetic (C/EBP-β LIP induction) and pharmacological strategies (lysosome and proteasome inhibitors), in restoring the ER-dependent and immunogenic-dependent cell death induced by doxorubicin, in vitro and in syngeneic mice bearing chemoresistant TNBC. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS We found that TNBC cells characterized by high levels of Pgp and resistance to doxorubicin, had low induction of the ER-dependent pro-apoptotic factor C/EBP-β LIP upon doxorubicin treatment and high activities of lysosome and proteasome that constitutively destroyed LIP. The combination of chloroquine and bortezomib restored doxorubicin sensitivity by activating multiple and interconnected mechanisms. First, chloroquine and bortezomib prevented C/EBP-β LIP degradation and activated LIP-dependent CHOP/TRB3/caspase 3 axis in response to doxorubicin. Second, C/EBP-β LIP down-regulated Pgp and up-regulated calreticulin that triggered the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cell, followed by the activation of anti-tumor CD8+T-lymphocytes upon doxorubicin treatment. Third, chloroquine and bortezomib increased the endogenous production of nitric oxide that further induced C/EBP-β LIP and inhibited Pgp activity, enhancing doxorubicin's cytotoxicity. In orthotopic models of resistant TNBC, intratumor C/EBP-β LIP induction - achieved by a specific expression vector or by chloroquine and bortezomib - effectively reduced tumor growth and Pgp expression, increased intra-tumor apoptosis and anti-tumor immune-infiltrate, rescuing the efficacy of doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that preventing C/EBP-β LIP degradation by lysosome and proteasome inhibitors triggers multiple virtuous circuitries that restore ER-dependent apoptosis, down-regulate Pgp and re-activate the DC/CD8+T-lymphocytes response against TNBC. Lysosome and proteasome inhibitors associated with doxorubicin may overcome the resistance to the drug in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ahmad Abdullrahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gamal Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Hematology Division, AO S Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Menachem Rubinstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Increased Plasma Nitrite and von Willebrand Factor Indicates Early Diagnosis of Vascular Diseases in Chemotherapy Treated Cancer Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:36-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the clinical success of conventional chemotherapy is not solely attributed to tumor cell toxicity, but also results from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been largely neglected in the past preclinical and clinical research. Antitumor immune response can be primed by immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death characterized by cell-surface translocation of calreticulin (CRT), extracellular release of ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN) responses. Here we summarize recent studies showing conventional chemotherapeutics as ICD inducers, which are capable of modulating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and reactivating antitumor immunity within an immuno-suppressive microenvironment. Such immunological effects of conventional chemotherapy are likely critical for better prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, combination of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutics with immunotherapy is a promising approach for improving the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Xu Q, Chen C, Chen G, Chen W, Zhou D, Xie Y. Significance of calreticulin as a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8999-9008. [PMID: 29844817 PMCID: PMC5958802 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with endometrial cancer, the expression and prognostic significance of calreticulin (CRT) remains to be fully elucidated. To investigate the role of CRT in endometrial cancer, the present study compared its expression status with clinicopathological characteristics and evaluated its prognostic significance. The expression of CRT, PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and Ki67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting in endometrial cancer patients. The association of the expression of CRT, p-eIF2α and Ki67 with patient survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Low levels of CRT and an overexpression of Ki67 were significantly associated with the stage, histology, and differentiation of the primary surgery without doxorubicin (DOX) neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) patient group and were significantly correlated with a short progression-free survival and the overall survival. A multivariate analysis revealed that CRT and Ki67 expression were independent prognostic indicators for endometrioid endometrial cancer. Low CRT expression and an overexpression of Ki67 were significantly associated with DOX-NAC and the histology (P<0.05) pre-NAC and post-NAC in the DOX-NAC patient group. Upon treatment of DOX-NAC, CRT, PERK and p-eIF2α protein content were overexpressed in DOX-sensitive endometrial cancer (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the DOX-resistant group. Low CRT expression in endometrial cancer is significantly associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis. CRT may therefore serve as a molecular marker for predicting the progression and prognosis in DOX-resistant endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Research Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Xie
- Department of Research Center, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
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Kopecka J, Rankin GM, Salaroglio IC, Poulsen SA, Riganti C. P-glycoprotein-mediated chemoresistance is reversed by carbonic anhydrase XII inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85861-85875. [PMID: 27811376 PMCID: PMC5349880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a membrane enzyme that maintains pH homeostasis and sustains optimum P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux activity in cancer cells. Here, we investigated a panel of eight CAXII inhibitors (compounds 1–8), for their potential to reverse Pgp mediated tumor cell chemoresistance. Inhibitors (5 nM) were screened in human and murine cancer cells (colon, lung, breast, bone) with different expression levels of CAXII and Pgp. We identified three CAXII inhibitors (compounds 1, 2 and 4) that significantly (≥ 2 fold) increased the intracellular retention of the Pgp-substrate and chemotherapeutic doxorubicin, and restored its cytotoxic activity. The inhibitors lowered intracellular pH to indirectly impair Pgp activity. Ca12-knockout assays confirmed that the chemosensitizing property of the compounds was dependent on active CAXII. Furthermore, in a preclinical model of drug-resistant breast tumors compound 1 (1900 ng/kg) restored the efficacy of doxorubicin to the same extent as the direct Pgp inhibitor tariquidar. The expression of carbonic anhydrase IX had no effect on the intracellular doxorubicin accumulation. Our work provides strong evidence that CAXII inhibitors are effective chemosensitizer agents in CAXII-positive and Pgp-positive cancer cells. The use of CAXII inhibitors may represent a turning point in combinatorial chemotherapeutic schemes to treat multidrug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gregory M Rankin
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | | | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Kopecka J, Porto S, Lusa S, Gazzano E, Salzano G, Pinzòn-Daza ML, Giordano A, Desiderio V, Ghigo D, De Rosa G, Caraglia M, Riganti C. Zoledronic acid-encapsulating self-assembling nanoparticles and doxorubicin: a combinatorial approach to overcome simultaneously chemoresistance and immunoresistance in breast tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20753-72. [PMID: 26980746 PMCID: PMC4991490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance to chemotherapy and the tumor escape from host immunosurveillance are the main causes of the failure of anthracycline-based regimens in breast cancer, where an effective chemo-immunosensitizing strategy is lacking. The clinically used aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) reverses chemoresistance and immunoresistance in vitro. Previously we developed a nanoparticle-based zoledronic acid-containing formulation (NZ) that allowed a higher intratumor delivery of the drug compared with free ZA in vivo. We tested its efficacy in combination with doxorubicin in breast tumors refractory to chemotherapy and immune system recognition as a new combinatorial approach to produce chemo- and immunosensitization. NZ reduced the IC50 of doxorubicin in human and murine chemoresistant breast cancer cells and restored the doxorubicin efficacy against chemo-immunoresistant tumors implanted in immunocompetent mice. By reducing the metabolic flux through the mevalonate pathway, NZ lowered the activity of Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis and the expression of P-glycoprotein, decreased the glycolysis and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, induced a cytochrome c/caspase 9/caspase 3-dependent apoptosis, thus restoring the direct cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin on tumor cell. Moreover, NZ restored the doxorubicin-induced immunogenic cell death and reversed the tumor-induced immunosuppression due to the production of kynurenine, by inhibiting the STAT3/indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase axis. These events increased the number of dendritic cells and decreased the number of immunosuppressive T-regulatory cells infiltrating the tumors. Our work proposes the use of nanoparticle encapsulating zoledronic acid as an effective tool overcoming at the same time chemoresistance and immunoresistance in breast tumors, thanks to the effects exerted on tumor cell and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Porto
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Lusa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Leonor Pinzòn-Daza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, RG in Biochemistry and Biotechnology (BIO-BIO), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Castella B, Kopecka J, Sciancalepore P, Mandili G, Foglietta M, Mitro N, Caruso D, Novelli F, Riganti C, Massaia M. The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 regulates phosphoantigen release and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15663. [PMID: 28580927 PMCID: PMC5465356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are activated by phosphoantigens, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is generated in the mevalonate pathway of antigen-presenting cells. IPP is released in the extracellular microenvironment via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates extracellular IPP release from dendritic cells (DC) in cooperation with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and butyrophilin-3A1. IPP concentrations in the supernatants are sufficient to induce Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation after DC mevalonate pathway inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZA). ZA treatment increases ABCA1 and apoA-I expression via IPP-dependent LXRα nuclear translocation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition. These results close the mechanistic gap in our understanding of extracellular IPP release from DC and provide a framework to fine-tune Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation via mevalonate and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulation. γδT cells are activated by phosphoantigens, and ABCA1 is involved in cholesterol transport. Here the authors link these ideas to show that ABCA1, apoA-I and BTN3A1 regulate extracellular phosphoantigen release by dendritic cells, and implicate ABCA1 in mevalonate-mediated activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sciancalepore
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Biotecnologie Molecolari (CIRBM), Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Myriam Foglietta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Biotecnologie Molecolari (CIRBM), Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino 10126, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Santena 5, Torino 10126, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Biotecnologie Molecolari (CIRBM), Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.,SC. Ematologia, AO S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, Cuneo 12100, Italy
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44
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Abstract
The increasing understanding of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in cancer biology has generated significant progress in the use of NO donor-based therapy to fight cancer. These advances strongly suggest the potential adoption of NO donor-based therapy in clinical practice, and this has been supported by several clinical studies in the past decade. In this review, we first highlight several types of important NO donors, including recently developed NO donors bearing a dinitroazetidine skeleton, represented by RRx-001, with potential utility in cancer therapy. Special emphasis is then given to the combination of NO donor(s) with other therapies to achieve synergy and to the hybridization of NO donor(s) with an anticancer drug/agent/fragment to enhance the activity or specificity or to reduce toxicity. In addition, we briefly describe inducible NO synthase gene therapy and nanotechnology, which have recently entered the field of NO donor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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45
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Sinha BK, Kumar A, Mason RP. Nitric oxide inhibits ATPase activity and induces resistance to topoisomerase II-poisons in human MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:252-259. [PMID: 28955753 PMCID: PMC5614683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase poisons are important drugs for the management of human malignancies. Nitric oxide (•NO), a physiological signaling molecule, induces nitrosylation (or nitrosation) of many cellular proteins containing cysteine thiol groups, altering their cellular functions. Topoisomerases contain several thiol groups which are important for their activity and are also targets for nitrosation by nitric oxide. Methods Here, we have evaluated the roles of •NO/•NO-derived species in the stability and activity of topo II (α and β) both in vitro and in human MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Furthermore, we have examined the effects of •NO on the ATPase activity of topo II. Results Treatment of purified topo IIα and β with propylamine propylamine nonoate (PPNO), an NO donor, resulted in inhibition of the catalytic activity of topo II. Furthermore, PPNO significantly inhibited topo II-dependent ATP hydrolysis. •NO-induced inhibition of these topo II (α and β) functions resulted in a decrease in cleavable complex formation in MCF-7 cells in the presence of m-AMSA and XK469 and induced significant resistance to both drugs in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion PPNO treatment resulted in the nitrosation of the topo II protein in MCF-7 cancer cells and inhibited both catalytic-, and ATPase activities of topo II. Furthermore, PPNO significantly affected the DNA damage and cytotoxicity of m-AMSA and XK469 in MCF-7 tumor cells. General significance As tumors express nitric oxide synthase and generate •NO, inhibition of topo II functions by •NO/•NO-derived species could render tumors resistant to certain topo II-poisons in the clinic. Nitric oxide (•NO) induces nitrosylation of many proteins, including topoisomerases. Nitrosation of topo II inhibited catalytic-, and ATPase activities of topo II. Inhibition of topo II activity resulted in resistance to topoisomerase II poisons.
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46
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Chegaev K, Fraix A, Gazzano E, Abd-Ellatef GEF, Blangetti M, Rolando B, Conoci S, Riganti C, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Sortino S. Light-Regulated NO Release as a Novel Strategy To Overcome Doxorubicin Multidrug Resistance. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:361-365. [PMID: 28337331 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) release from a suitable NO photodonor (NOP) can be fine-tuned by visible light stimuli at doses that are not toxic to cells but that inhibit several efflux pumps; these are mainly responsible for the multidrug resistance of the anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX). The strategy may thus increase DOX toxicity against resistant cancer cells. Moreover, a novel molecular hybrid covalently joining DOX and NOP showed similar increased toxicity toward resistant cancer cells and, in addition, lower cardiotoxicity than DOX. This opens new and underexplored approaches to overcoming the main therapeutic drawbacks of this chemotherapeutic based on light-controlled release of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chegaev
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department
of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Blangetti
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, I-95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department
of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department
of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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47
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de la Cruz-Merino L, Chiesa M, Caballero R, Rojo F, Palazón N, Carrasco FH, Sánchez-Margalet V. Breast Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 331:1-53. [PMID: 28325210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunology has gained renewed interest in the past few years due to emerging findings on mechanisms involved in tumoral immune evasion. Indisputably, immune edition is currently considered a critical hallmark of cancer. Basic research has revealed new targets which can be modulated in the clinical setting with new compounds and strategies. As recent evidence confirms, breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which host immune responses play a substantial role. T-infiltrating lymphocytes measurement is suggested as a powerful new tool necessary to predict early BC evolution, especially in HER2-positive and triple negative subtypes. However, T-infiltrating lymphocytes, genomic platforms, and many other biomarkers in tissue and peripheral blood (e.g., regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are not the only factors being evaluated regarding their potential role as prognostic and/or predictive factors. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring the activity of immune checkpoint modulators in BC treatment, both in the advanced and neoadjuvant setting. Although this field is expanding with exciting new discoveries and promising clinical results-and creating great expectations-there remain many uncertainties yet to be addressed satisfactorily before this long awaited therapeutic promise can come to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Chiesa
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Caballero
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Rojo
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Palazón
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group), Madrid, Spain
| | - F H Carrasco
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Sinha BK. Nitric oxide: Friend or Foe in Cancer Chemotherapy and Drug Resistance: A Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:244-251. [PMID: 31844487 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A successful treatment of cancers in the clinic has been difficult to achieve because of the emergence of drug resistant tumor cells. While various approaches have been tried to overcome multi-drug resistance, it has remained a major road block in achieving complete success in the clinic. Extensive research has identified various mechanisms, including overexpression of P-glycoprotein 170, modifications in activating or detoxification enzymes (phase I and II enzymes), and mutation and/or decreases in target enzymes in cancer cells. However, nitric oxide and/or nitric oxide-related species have not been considered an important player in cancer treatment and or drug resistance. Here, we examine the significance of nitric oxide in the treatment and resistance mechanisms of various anticancer drugs. Furthermore, we describe the significance of recently reported effects of nitric oxide on topoisomerases and the development of resistance to topoisomerase-poisons in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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49
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Buondonno I, Gazzano E, Jean SR, Audrito V, Kopecka J, Fanelli M, Salaroglio IC, Costamagna C, Roato I, Mungo E, Hattinger CM, Deaglio S, Kelley SO, Serra M, Riganti C. Mitochondria-Targeted Doxorubicin: A New Therapeutic Strategy against Doxorubicin-Resistant Osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2640-2652. [PMID: 27466354 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the leading drugs for osteosarcoma standard chemotherapy. A total of 40% to 45% of high-grade osteosarcoma patients are unresponsive, or only partially responsive, to doxorubicin (Dox), due to the overexpression of the drug efflux transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The aim of this work is to improve Dox-based regimens in resistant osteosarcomas. We used a chemically modified mitochondria-targeted Dox (mtDox) against Pgp-overexpressing osteosarcomas with increased resistance to Dox. Unlike Dox, mtDox accumulated at significant levels intracellularly, exerted cytotoxic activity, and induced necrotic and immunogenic cell death in Dox-resistant/Pgp-overexpressing cells, fully reproducing the activities exerted by anthracyclines in drug-sensitive tumors. mtDox reduced tumor growth and cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, primed tumor cells for recognition by the host immune system, and was less cardiotoxic than Dox in preclinical models of drug-resistant osteosarcoma. The increase in Dox resistance was paralleled by a progressive upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism. By widely modulating the expression of mitochondria-related genes, mtDox decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, the import of proteins and metabolites within mitochondria, mitochondrial metabolism, and the synthesis of ATP. These events were paralleled by increased reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial depolarization, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in resistant osteosarcoma cells, where Dox was completely ineffective. We propose mtDox as a new effective agent with a safer toxicity profile compared with Dox that may be effective for the treatment of Dox-resistant/Pgp-positive osteosarcoma patients, who strongly need alternative and innovative treatment strategies. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2640-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sae Rin Jean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Experimental Medicine (Ce.R.M.S.), San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia M Hattinger
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Serra
- Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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50
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Diederich M, Cerella C. Non-canonical programmed cell death mechanisms triggered by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:4-34. [PMID: 27262793 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds are the fundament of pharmacological treatments and more than 50% of all anticancer drugs are of natural origins or at least derived from scaffolds present in Nature. Over the last 25 years, molecular mechanisms triggered by natural anticancer compounds were investigated. Emerging research showed that molecules of natural origins are useful for both preventive and therapeutic purposes by targeting essential hallmarks and enabling characteristics described by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, natural compounds were able to change the differentiation status of selected cell types. One of the earliest response of cells treated by pharmacologically active compounds is the change of its morphology leading to ultra-structural perturbations: changes in membrane composition, cytoskeleton integrity, alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and of the nucleus lead to formation of morphological alterations that are a characteristic of both compound and cancer type preceding cell death. Apoptosis and autophagy were traditionally considered as the most prominent cell death or cell death-related mechanisms. By now multiple other cell death modalities were described and most likely involved in response to chemotherapeutic treatment. It can be hypothesized that especially necrosis-related phenotypes triggered by various treatments or evolving from apoptotic or autophagic mechanisms, provide a more efficient therapeutic outcome depending on cancer type and genetic phenotype of the patient. In fact, the recent discovery of multiple regulated forms of necrosis and the initial elucidation of the corresponding cell signaling pathways appear nowadays as important tools to clarify the immunogenic potential of non-canonical forms of cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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