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Maldonado Y, Betancourt EA, León ES, Malagón O, Cumbicus N, Gilardoni G. New Essential Oils from Ecuadorian Gynoxys cuicochensis Cuatrec. and Gynoxys sancti-antonii Cuatrec. Chemical Compositions and Enantioselective Analyses. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25902-25913. [PMID: 38911796 PMCID: PMC11191102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The present study belonged to an unfunded project, dealing on the systematic description of unprecedented essential oils (EOs), distilled from 12 species of genus Gynoxys Cuatrec. In this very case, the aim was the first chemical and enantiomeric analyses of two volatile fractions, obtained from the leaves of Gynoxys cuicochensis Cuatrec. and Gynoxys sancti-antonii Cuatrec. These EOs were analyzed by GC-MS (qualitatively) and GC-FID (quantitatively), detecting 89 and 60 components from G. cuicochensis and G. sancti-antonii, respectively. Major components for G. cuicochensis EO, on a nonpolar and polar stationary phase, were α-pinene (29.4-29.6%), p-vinylguaiacol (3.3-3.6%), and germacrene D (20.8-19.9%). In G. sancti-antonii EO, the main compounds were α-pinene (3.0-2.9%), β-pinene (12.9-12.1%), γ-curcumene (19.7-18.3%), germacrene D (9.0% on the polar phase), ar-curcumene (5.3% on the polar phase), δ-cadinene (4.1-4.6%), α-muurolol (3.3-2.4%), α-cadinol (3.0% on both columns), and an undetermined compound, of molecular weight 220. In addition to chemical composition, the enantioselective analysis of the main chiral compounds was carried out on two different chiral selectors. In G. cuicochensis EO, (1R,5R)-(+)-α-pinene, (S)-(+)-β-phellandrene, (R)-(-)-piperitone, and (S)-(-)-germacrene D were enantiomerically pure, whereas β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, and terpinen-4-ol were observed as scalemic mixtures. On the other hand, in G. sancti-antonii EO, the pure enantiomers were (1S,5S)-(-)-α-pinene, (1R,5R)-(+)-sabinene, (R)-(-)-β-phellandrene, (S)-(-)-limonene, (1S,2R,6R,7R,8R)-(+)-α-copaene, (R)-(-)-terpinen-4-ol, and (S)-(-)-germacrene D, whereas β-pinene, linalool, and α-terpineol were present as scalemic mixtures. The principal component analysis demonstrated that G. cuicochensis volatile fraction was quite similar to many of the other EOs of the same genus, whereas G. sancti-antonii produced the most dissimilar EO. Furthermore, the enantioselective analyses showed the usual variable enantiomeric distribution, with a greater presence of enantiomerically pure compounds in G. sancti-antonii EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessenia
E. Maldonado
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Técnica
Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, 110107 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Evelin A. Betancourt
- Carrera
de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad
Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, 110107 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Erika S. León
- Carrera
de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad
Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, 110107 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Omar Malagón
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Técnica
Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, 110107 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento
de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Técnica
Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, 110107 Loja, Ecuador
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Duda-Madej A, Viscardi S, Grabarczyk M, Topola E, Kozłowska J, Mączka W, Wińska K. Is Camphor the Future in Supporting Therapy for Skin Infections? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:715. [PMID: 38931382 PMCID: PMC11206849 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the potential application of camphor-a bicyclic monoterpene ketone-in the prevention of skin infections. Skin diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by prolonged symptoms that significantly diminish the quality of life. They affect the dermis, the epidermis, and even subcutaneous tissue. They very often have a bacterial or fungal background. Therapy for dermatological skin disorders is difficult and long-term. Therefore, it is important to find a compound, preferably of natural origin, that (i) prevents the initiation of this infection and (ii) supports the skin's repair process. Based on its documented anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-acne, anesthetic, strengthening, and warming properties, camphor can be used as a preventative measure in dermatological infectious diseases and as a component in medical and cosmetic products. This work discusses the structure and physicochemical properties of camphor, its occurrence, and methods of obtaining it from natural sources as well as through chemical synthesis. The use of camphor in industrial preparations is also presented. Additionally, after a detailed review of the literature, the metabolism of camphor, its interactions with other medicinal substances, and its antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi involved in skin diseases are discussed with regard to their resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Szymon Viscardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (S.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Małgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.G.); (J.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ewa Topola
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (S.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.G.); (J.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Wanda Mączka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.G.); (J.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Wińska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.G.); (J.K.); (K.W.)
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Etri K, Pluhár Z. Exploring Chemical Variability in the Essential Oils of the Thymus Genus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1375. [PMID: 38794445 PMCID: PMC11124942 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Thyme remains an indispensable herb today, finding its place in gastronomy, medicine, cosmetics, and gardens worldwide. It is highly valued in herbal remedies and pharmaceutical formulations for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties derived from the richness of its essential oil, which comprises various volatile components. However, climate change poses a significant challenge today, potentially affecting the quality of thyme, particularly the extracted essential oil, along with other factors such as biotic influences and the plant's geographical distribution. Consequently, complex diversity in essential oil composition was observed, also influenced by genetic diversity within the same species, resulting in distinct chemotypes. Other factors contributing to this chemodiversity include the chosen agrotechnology and processing methods of thyme, the extraction of the essential oil, and storage conditions. In this review, we provide the latest findings on the factors contributing to the chemovariability of thyme essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Etri
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticultural Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Villányi Str. 29–43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
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Holanda VN, Brito TGS, de Oliveira JRS, da Cunha RX, da Silva APS, da Silva WV, Araújo TFS, Tavares JF, dos Santos SG, Figueiredo RCBQ, Lima VLM. Potential Effects of Essential Oil from Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel on Leishmania: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches. Microorganisms 2024; 12:207. [PMID: 38276192 PMCID: PMC10819817 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the search for new chemotherapeutic alternatives for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), essential oils are promising due to their diverse biological potential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition and leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory potential of the essential oil isolated from the leaves of Plinia cauliflora (PCEO). The chemical composition of PCEO showed β-cis-Caryophyllene (24.4%), epi-γ-Eudesmol (8%), 2-Naphthalenemethanol[decahydro-alpha] (8%), and trans-Calamenene (6.6%) as its major constituents. Our results showed that the PCEO has moderate cytotoxicity (CC50) of 137.4 and 143.7 μg/mL on mice peritoneal exudate cells (mPEC) and Vero cells, respectively. The PCEO was able to significantly decrease mPEC infection by Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. The value of the inhibitory concentration (IC50) on amastigote forms was about 7.3 µg/mL (L. amazonensis) and 7.2 µg/mL (L. braziliensis). We showed that PCEO induced drastic ultrastructural changes in both species of Leishmania and had a high selectivity index (SI) > 18. The in silico ADMET analysis pointed out that PCEO can be used for the development of oral and/or topical formulation in the treatment of CL. In addition, we also demonstrated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect, with a 95% reduction in paw edema and a decrease by at least 21.4% in migration immune cells in animals treated with 50 mg/kg of PCEO. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PCEO is a promising topical therapeutic agent against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlan N. Holanda
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
| | - Thaíse G. S. Brito
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
| | - João R. S. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
| | - Rebeca X. da Cunha
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
| | - Ana P. S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
| | - Welson V. da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (W.V.d.S.); (R.C.B.Q.F.)
| | - Tiago F. S. Araújo
- Colegiado de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil;
| | - Josean F. Tavares
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rua Tabelião Stanislau Eloy, 41, Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58033-455, PB, Brazil;
| | - Sócrates G. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Instituto de Pesquisa em Drogas e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, Castelo Branco III, S/N, João Pessoa 58033-455, PB, Brazil;
| | - Regina C. B. Q. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (W.V.d.S.); (R.C.B.Q.F.)
| | - Vera L. M. Lima
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (T.G.S.B.); (J.R.S.d.O.); (R.X.d.C.); (A.P.S.d.S.)
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Saidi AE, Bouzidi N, Ziane M, Gherib M, Rahila C, Mioc M. In silico and in vitro studies: investigating the chemical composition, DFT, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation of Satureja candidissima (Munby) Briq essential oil as a potential antibacterial agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38197406 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial properties of the essential oil (EO) derived from the aerial parts of Satureja candidissima (Munby) Briq (SC), as well as the mechanisms of interaction between SCEO chemical components and target proteins related to antibacterial activity mechanisms using a molecular docking approach, and for more accuracy molecular dynamic simulation and DFT calculations were carried out. The GC-MS technique was used to analyze the chemical composition of SCEO. The results showed that SCEO contained various chemical compounds, with pulegone being identified as the major component (53.26%). The results also indicated the presence of (+)-menthone (11.02%), borneol (4.43%), 2-cyclohexen-1-one, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene) (2.50%), and 3-octanol (2.09%). The study revealed that the SCEO displayed antibacterial activity against all tested gram-positive bacteria. To further understand the mechanism behind its antibacterial activity, in silico molecular docking studies were performed. The results indicated that the antibacterial effect of SCEO compounds could be due to the combination with enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADPH] FabI (PDB ID: 4ALL) in a variety of ways. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis yielded favorable outcomes for the docked complex involving 1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene, and 1,4,7-tetramethyldecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol with enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADPH]. Geometry optimization, coupled with Density Functional Theory (DFT), can be employed to assess the importance of quantum chemical descriptors in elucidating potential antibacterial activity. Quantum descriptors were computed based on EHOMO and ELUMO. The results of this study provide important insights into the potential use of Satureja candidissima (Munby) Briq EO as antibacterial agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainayat Ellah Saidi
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, University of Ain Témouchent, Ain Témouchent, Algeria
| | - Nebia Bouzidi
- Laboratory of physical chemistry of macromolécules and biological interfaces, departememt of biology sciences, faculty of sciences of nature and life, university Mustapha stambouli of mascara, mascara, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Ziane
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, University of Ain Témouchent, Ain Témouchent, Algeria
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Food, Biomedical and the Environment (LAMAABE), Faculty of SNV/STU, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Gherib
- Laboratory Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, Department of SNV, Institute of Science and Technology, University Center Salhi Ahmed, Nâama, Algeria
| | - Chaimaa Rahila
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, University of Ain Témouchent, Ain Témouchent, Algeria
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Khan MH, Dar NA, Alie BA, Dar SA, Lone AA, Mir GH, Fayaz U, Ali S, Tyagi A, El-Sheikh MA, Alansi S. Unraveling the Variability of Essential Oil Composition in Different Accessions of Bunium persicum Collected from Different Temperate Micro-Climates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052404. [PMID: 36903647 PMCID: PMC10005284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was performed to evaluate the variability of the essential oil composition present in the seed extract of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Bioss.) obtained from different geographical zones of Northwestern-Himalayan using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The results of the GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the essential oil content. Significant variability was observed in the chemical constituents of the essential oils mainly for p-cymene, D-limonene, Gamma-terpinene, Cumic aldehyde and 1, 4-p-menthadien-7-al. Among these compounds, the highest average percentage across the locations was observed for gamma-terpinene (32.08%) which was followed by cumic aldehyde (25.07%), and 1, 4-p-menthadien-7-al (15.45%). Principal component analysis (PCA) also grouped the 4 highly significant compounds i.e., p-Cymene, Gamma-Terpinene, Cumic aldehyde, and 1,4-p-Menthadien-7-al into same cluster which are mainly distributed in Shalimar Kalazeera-1, and Atholi Kishtwar zones. The highest value of gamma-terpinene was recorded in Atholi accession (40.66%). However, among climatic zones Zabarwan Srinagar and Shalimar Kalazeera-1 was found to have highly positive significant correlation (0.99). The cophenetic correlation coefficient (c) was found to be 0.8334 during hierarchical clustering for 12 essential oil compounds showing that our results are highly correlated. Network analysis also showed the overlapping pattern and similar interaction between the 12 compounds as shown by hierarchical clustering analysis. From the results, it could be concluded that existence of variability among the various bioactive compounds of B. persicum which are probably to be incorporated to the potential list of drugs and may serve as good genetic source for various modern breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Hafiz Khan
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 192121, India
- Correspondence: (M.H.K.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Niyaz Ahmad Dar
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 192121, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Alie
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 192121, India
| | - Sher Ahmad Dar
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, SKUAST-Kashmir, Rangreth, Srinagar 191111, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Lone
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, SKUAST-Kashmir, Rangreth, Srinagar 191111, India
| | - Ghulam Hassan Mir
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 192121, India
| | - Uzma Fayaz
- Advanced Research Station for Saffron and Seed Spices, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 192121, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.K.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.K.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Variation in essential oil composition within and among Tunisian Thymus algeriensis Boiss et Reut. (Lamiaceae) populations: Effect of ecological factors and incidence on antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tsiftsoglou OS, Stagiopoulou R, Krigas N, Lazari D. Exploring the Ecological Preferences and Essential Oil Variability in Wild-Growing Populations of the Endangered Local Greek Endemic Thymus holosericeus (Lamiaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020348. [PMID: 36679061 PMCID: PMC9864777 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thymus holosericeus Čelak. (Lamiaceae) is a taxonomically isolated and endangered local endemic thyme species which is geographically isolated in four Ionian Islands (West Greece). The present study investigated the essential oil (EO) composition, the ecological preferences, and their correlations in three T. holosericeus wild-growing populations from Zakynthos (ΤH-Z), Cephalonia (ΤH-C) and Lefkada (ΤH-L). The variations in essential oil yield and the composition of T. holosericeus populations were evaluated using hydrodistillation, GC/MS, TLC and NMR analysis. The climatic conditions of each sample were organized and analyzed in RStudio with the raster package and in SPSS with Pearson's Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), respectively. The aerial parts of the plants varied in EO yields from 1.92 to 2.28% w/v. The analysis of EO constituents revealed noteworthy qualitative and quantitative inter-population variation. The composition of EOs revealed the presence of linalool (82.77%) and borneol (5.95%) as major compounds in ΤH-Z, while carvacrol (35.34%), geraniol (23.98%), linalool (14.37%), borneol (5.66%), thymol (4.27%) and p-cymene (4.08%) were the main compounds in ΤH-C and linalool (40.37%), geraniol (39.42%) and borneol (5.20%) were dominant components in ΤH-L. The results of the gas chromatography procedure have also been confirmed by 1H and 13C-NMR and TLC analysis. The ecological profile showed an average annual precipitation of 942 ± 18.33 mm and the temperature limits in which T. holosericeus seems to adapt to are 6.80± 1.08 °C 27.70 ± 0.70 °C. Regarding the examined samples, TH-C was adapted to the driest summer and coldest winter conditions, TH-Z was adapted to the lowest annual precipitation with the most complex climatic conditions, and TH-L was adapted to the highest summer temperatures with the lowest precipitation in the wettest period of the year. For each sampled population, the CCA identified the association of the samples' EOs composition with the prevailing local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rafaela Stagiopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ali MS, Rehman MT, Al-Lohedan HA, AlAjmi MF. Exploration of the binding between cuminol and bovine serum albumin through spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12404-12412. [PMID: 34488560 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1971560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cuminol (4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol), found in the essential oils of several plant sources, is an important constituent of several cosmetics formulations. The interaction of cuminol with model plasma protein bovine serum albumin was studied in this paper. The experimental studies were mainly carried out using fluorescence spectrophotometry aided with UV visible and CD spectroscopies. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements showed that there was a weak binding between cuminol and BSA. The mechanism of binding involved static quenching with around 1:1 binding. The binding was chiefly supported by hydrophobic forces although a little contribution of hydrogen bonding was also found in the interaction and the values of enthalpy change were negative with positive entropy change. The secondary structure of BSA didn't change significantly in presence of low concentrations of cuminol, however, partial unfolding of the former taken place when the concentration of the latter increased. Molecular docking analyses showed cuminol binds at the intersection of subdomains IIA and IIIA, i.e. its binding site is in between Sudlow sites I and II. Molecular dynamics simulations results have shown that BSA forms a stable complex with cuminol and the structure of the former didn't change much in presence of later. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sajid Ali
- Surfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Surfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fahad AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Souiy Z, Al-Shaikh TM, Alghamdi OA, Krifi B. Optimization of extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut essential oils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Sahoo C, Champati BB, Dash B, Jena S, Ray A, Panda PC, Nayak S, Sahoo A. Volatile Profiling of Magnolia champaca Accessions by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemometrics. Molecules 2022; 27:7302. [PMID: 36364127 PMCID: PMC9658739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre of family Magnoliaceae, is a perennial tree with aromatic, ethnobotanical, and medicinal uses. The M. champaca leaf is reported to have a myriad of therapeutic activities, however, there are limited reports available on the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of M. champaca. The present study explored the variation in the yield and chemical composition of leaf essential oil isolated from 52 accessions of M. champaca. Through hydrodistillation, essential oil yield was obtained, varied in the range of 0.06 ± 0.003% and 0.31 ± 0.015% (v/w) on a fresh weight basis. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 65 phytoconstituents accounting for 90.23 to 98.90% of the total oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.83 to 65.63%) constituted the major fraction followed by sesquiterpene alcohols (14.71 to 22.45%). The essential oils were found to be rich in β-elemene (6.64 to 38.80%), γ-muurolene (4.63 to 22.50%), and β-caryophyllene (1.10 to 20.74%). Chemometrics analyses such as PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA, and cluster analyses such as hierarchical clustering, i.e., dendrogram and partitional clustering, i.e., K-means classified the essential oils of M. champaca populations into three different chemotypes: chemotype I (β-elemene), chemotype II (γ-muurolene) and chemotype III (β-caryophyllene). The chemical polymorphism analyzed in the studied populations would facilitate the selection of chemotypes with specific compounds. The chemotypes identified in the M. champaca populations could be developed as promising bio-resources for conservation and pharmaceutical application and further improvement of the taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
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12
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Abbas A, Anwar F, Alqahtani SM, Ahmad N, Al-Mijalli SH, Shahid M, Iqbal M. Hydro-Distilled and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oil: Characterization of Bioactives Along With Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221125477. [PMID: 36106059 PMCID: PMC9465602 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221125477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Present research work evaluates variation in volatile chemicals profile and
biological activities of essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of
eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) using
hydro-distillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The yield
(1.32%) of volatile oil by HD was higher than the yield (.52%) of the SFE method
(P < .05). The results of physical factors like density,
color, refractive index, and solubility of the EOs produced by both the methods
showed insignificant variations. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
compositional analysis showed that eucalyptol (31.10% and 30.43%) and
α-pinene (11.02% and 10.35%) were the main constituents
detected in SFE and HD extracted Eucalyptus camaldulensis EO,
respectively. Antioxidant activity-related parameters, such as reducing ability
and DPPH free radical scavenging capability exhibited by EO obtained via SFE
were noted to be better than hydro-distilled EO. Supercritical fluid extracted
and hydro-distilled essential oils demonstrated a considerable but variable
antimicrobial potential against selected bacterial and fungal strains.
Interestingly, oil extracted by SFE showed relatively higher hemolytic activity
and biofilm inhibition potential. The variation in biological activities of
tested EOs can be linked to the difference in the volatile bioactives
composition due to different isolation techniques. In conclusion, the EO
obtained from Eucalyptus leaves by the SFE method can be
explored as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in the functional
food and nutra-pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Postgraduate Taleem-ul-Islam College, Chiniot, Pakistan.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Safar M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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A Scent of Peppermint—A Microwave Spectroscopy Analysis on the Composition of Peppermint Oil. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have a vast number of applications in different areas of our daily life. Detailed chiral analysis and structural characterization of their constituents remains an important subject in analytical chemistry. Here, we report on a broadband rotational spectroscopy study of peppermint oil in the frequency range 2–8 GHz. We focus on an unambiguous determination of the excess enantiomers of the oil constituents menthone and isomenthone in the oil by applying chirality-sensitive rotational spectroscopy, the so-called microwave three-wave mixing (M3WM) technique. Additionally, a new menthol conformer, not previously characterized, was experimentally observed, and the gas-phase structures of the two conformers of menthol and menthone were determined experimentally based on the assignment of their 13C-isotopologues in natural abundance.
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14
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Unraveling the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, and Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6487430. [PMID: 35663202 PMCID: PMC9159826 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6487430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing concern for public health has increased the need to change the paradigm towards a healthcare system that advocates holistic practices while reducing adverse effects. Herbal therapy is becoming an integral part of the therapeutic arsenal, and several successful plant-derived compounds/molecules are being introduced into the market. The medicinal plants belonging to the genus Thymus are among the most important species within the Lamiaceae family. One of them is Thymus algeriensis which is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. For a long time, this species has been used in traditional medicine to treat several disorders and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, rheumatism, digestive, and respiratory affections. This review describes the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and biological and pharmacological activities of T. algeriensis extracts. Data were obtained using electronic databases such as SciFindern, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Several plant-based extracts and a broad spectrum of identified secondary metabolites were highlighted and discussed with respective activities and modes of action. T. algeriensis represents a promising natural resource for the pharmaceutical industry mainly for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Considering these findings, more research is needed to transmute the conventional uses of T. algeriensis into scientifically sound information. Moreover, extensive preclinical, clinical, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic trials on this species and its derivatives compounds are required to underpin the mechanisms of action and ensure its biosafety and efficiency. This comprehensive review provides a scientific basis for future investigations on the use of T. algeriensis and derived compounds in health maintenance and promotion and disease prevention.
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15
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Somrani M, Debbabi H, Palop A. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil of clove against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:331-339. [PMID: 33947265 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211013273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oil of clove against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis were investigated. The chemical composition of the oil was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Stock solution of the essential oil of clove was prepared in 95% (v/v) ethanol (EOC). The antibacterial assays were performed by disk diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The biomass of adhered cells and preformed biofilms after incubation with different concentrations of EOC was assessed by crystal violet. Eugenol was the major bioactive compound of clove essential oil, accounting for 78.85% of the total composition. The MIC values for L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis were 0.05 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively. The initial cell adhesion at MIC was inhibited by 61.8% for L. monocytogenes and 49.8% for S. Enteritidis. However, the effect of EOC was less marked on biofilm eradication than on cell adhesion. At MIC and within 1 hour of incubation with the EOC, the preformed biofilms were reduced by 30.2% and 20.3% for L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis, respectively. These results suggest that sanitizers based on clove essential oil could be a potential strategy to control biofilms in food-related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Somrani
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.,Department of AgriFood Industries, UR17AGR01-PATIO, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Debbabi
- Department of AgriFood Industries, UR17AGR01-PATIO, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alfredo Palop
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Vaičiulytė V, Ložienė K, Švedienė J, Raudonienė V, Paškevičius A. α-Terpinyl Acetate: Occurrence in Essential Oils Bearing Thymus pulegioides, Phytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041065. [PMID: 33670506 PMCID: PMC7922985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype, as source of natural origin α-terpinyl acetate, to determine its phytotoxic and antimicrobial features. Were investigated 131 T. pulegioides habitats. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxic effect of essential oil of this chemotype on monocotyledons and dicotyledons through water and air was carried out in laboratory conditions; the broth microdilution method was used to screen essential oil effect against human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that α-terpinyl acetate was very rare compound in essential oil of T. pulegioides: it was found only in 35% of investigated T. pulegioides habitats. α-Terpinyl acetate (in essential oil and pure) demonstrated different behavior on investigated plants. Phytotoxic effect of α-terpinyl acetate was stronger on investigated monocotyledons than on dicotyledons. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil inhibited seeds germination and radicles growth for high economic productivity forage grass monocotyledon Poa pratensis, but stimulated seed germination for high economic productive forage legume dicotyledon Trifolium pretense. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil showed high antimicrobial effect against fungi and dermatophytes but lower effect against bacteria and Candida yeasts. Therefore, T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype could be a potential compound for developing preventive measures or/and drugs for mycosis.
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Contribution to the study of the chemical variability of the essential oils of the seeds and the stems in some populations of Pituranthos tortuosus (Coss.) Maire from Tunisia. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Lebanov L, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Data handling and data analysis in metabolomic studies of essential oils using GC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461896. [PMID: 33548825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) has been, and remains, the most widely applied analytical technique for metabolomic studies of essential oils. GC-EI-MS analysis of complex samples, such as essential oils, creates a large volume of data. Creating predictive models for such samples and observing patterns within complex data sets presents a significant challenge and requires application of robust data handling and data analysis methods. Accordingly, a wide variety of software and algorithms has been investigated and developed for this purpose over the years. This review provides an overview and summary of that research effort, and attempts to classify and compare different data handling and data analysis procedures that have been reported to-date in the metabolomic study of essential oils using GC-EI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Nezhadasad Aghbash B, Dehghan G, Movafeghi A, Talebpour AH, Pouresmaeil M, Maggi F, Sabzi Nojadeh M. Chemical compositions and biological activity of essential oils from four populations of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1871085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Talebpour
- Research Division of Natural Resources, East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pouresmaeil
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mohsen Sabzi Nojadeh
- Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar, Iran
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20
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Silvério MRS, Espindola LS, Lopes NP, Vieira PC. Plant Natural Products for the Control of Aedes aegypti: The Main Vector of Important Arboviruses. Molecules 2020; 25:E3484. [PMID: 32751878 PMCID: PMC7435582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito species Aedes aegypti is one of the main vectors of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Considering the deficiency or absence of vaccines to prevent these diseases, vector control remains an important strategy. The use of plant natural product-based insecticides constitutes an alternative to chemical insecticides as they are degraded more easily and are less harmful to the environment, not to mention their lower toxicity to non-target insects. This review details plant species and their secondary metabolites that have demonstrated insecticidal properties (ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent and ovipositional effects) against the mosquito, together with their mechanisms of action. In particular, essential oils and some of their chemical constituents such as terpenoids and phenylpropanoids offer distinct advantages. Thiophenes, amides and alkaloids also possess high larvicidal and adulticidal activities, adding to the wealth of plant natural products with potential in vector control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Rosato Silveiral Silvério
- NPPNS, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cézar Vieira
- NPPNS, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Zaïri A, Nouir S, Khalifa MA, Ouni B, Haddad H, Khelifa A, Trabelsi M. Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained from Thyme and Rosmarinus Species. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:414-424. [PMID: 31738133 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191019124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant species Thymus algeriensis (TA); Thymus capitatus (TC) and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), are widely used in traditional medicine in Tunisia. The bioactivities of their essential oils have also been reported previously. The main objective of this work was to assess the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxic potential and the antibacterial, antifungal, of the essential oil (EO) of these plants. METHODS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the constituents of the tested EO. Chemical tests, and spectrophotometric methods were used for antioxidant activities and for the screening and quantification of phytochemicals. The cytotoxic potential of the EO was checked using HCT 116 cultures. The extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential by the microdilution method. Antifungal activities were tested using the Poisoned food technique against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. RESULTS The EO of tested plants presented several components, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The results revealed that T. capitatus EO is not toxic compared to the other tested samples. Phenolic compounds were detected and this EO showed excellent antioxidant activity presenting dosedependent relationship. Regarding antimicrobial activity, T. capitatus EO, also had the highest inhibition against all tested bacteria and fungi. CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of the bioactivities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and safety potential) of EOs of the plant species TC, RO, and TA used in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaïri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory BIOLIVAL, High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Nouir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed A Khalifa
- Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Department, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Bouraoui Ouni
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Houda Haddad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory BIOLIVAL, High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Améni Khelifa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory BIOLIVAL, High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mounir Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic, Molecular Biology and Biology of Reproduction, University of Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar, Tunisia
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Verification of Chromatographic Profile of Primary Essential Oil of Pinus sylvestris L. Combined with Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132973. [PMID: 32605289 PMCID: PMC7411901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic profiles of primary essential oils (EO) deliver valuable authentic information about composition and compound pattern. Primary EOs obtained from Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) from different global origins were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and identified by GC hyphenated to mass spectrometer (GC-MS). A primary EO of PS was characterized by a distinct sesquiterpene pattern followed by a diterpene profile containing diterpenoids of the labdane, pimarane or abietane type. Based on their sesquiterpene compound patterns, primary EOs of PS were separated into their geographical origin using component analysis. Furthermore, differentiation of closely related pine EOs by partial least square discriminant analysis proved the existence of a primary EO of PS. The developed and validated PLS-DA model is suitable as a screening tool to assess the correct chemotaxonomic identification of a primary pine EOs as it classified all pine EOs correctly.
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Kumar A, Suravajhala R, Bhagat M. Bioactive potential of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud essential oil (bark) against Curvularia lunata and molecular docking studies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Jaouadi R, Silva AMS, Boussaid M, Yahia IBH, Cardoso SM, Zaouali Y. Differentiation of Phenolic Composition Among Tunisian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. ( Lamiaceae) Populations: Correlation to Bioactive Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E515. [PMID: 31661910 PMCID: PMC6912602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
: Twelve Tunisian Thymus algeriensis populations growing wild in different bioclimatic zones, extending from the subhumid to the upper-arid bioclimates, were compared regarding their phenolic composition and their ability to serve as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial agents. A significant variation of phenol profile was observed between the analyzed populations, as assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) technique. Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic compound in most populations (383.8-1157.8 µg/mL extract), but still, those from the upper-arid bioclimatic zone were distinguished by the presence of carvacrol (1374.7 and 2221.6 µg/mL extract), which was absent in the remaining ones. T. algeriensis methanolic extracts were found to possess a substantial antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities, with significant variation observed between populations, which were correlated to their phenolic contents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts tested against seven bacteria was revealed only by populations collected from upper-arid bioclimate and mainly associated with the presence of carvacrol. Extracts revealed a bacteriostatic effect against all bacteria (MIC = 1.4 mg/mL). Yet, the bactericidal activity (MBC = 1.4mg/mL) was restricted to the gram-negative bacteria Escherchia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Imen B H Yahia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Yosr Zaouali
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
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Alolga RN, Chávez León MASC, Osei-Adjei G, Onoja V. GC-MS-based metabolomics, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory investigations to characterize the quality of essential oil obtained from dried Xylopia aethiopica fruits from Ghana and Nigeria. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:1544-1552. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study sought to determine the quality of essential oil from Xylopia aethiopica fruits of different geographical origins using GC-MS-based metabolomics, bacterial quorum sensing and anti-inflammation assessment.
Methods
Essential oil was obtained from eight batches of X. aethiopica fruits from Ghana and Nigeria by hydrodistillation, characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and differences therein found using metabolomics. The respective antibacterial activity of the oils was tested against four bacterial strains: two Gram-positive strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC12759), and two Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883). Anti-inflammation was tested using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
Key findings
The outcome of the study revealed that the oil of the Ghana-sourced samples exhibited superior antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects than those from Nigeria. This could be attributed to the higher levels of the bioactive compounds present in those samples. This distinction between the samples from the two countries was clearly established using the metabolomics approach, and 14 differential metabolites were found to be potential chemical markers.
Conclusions
The study lends credence to the traditional uses of the essential oil of X. aethiopica as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - María A S C Chávez León
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Vitus Onoja
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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Abd-Elgawad ME, Alotaibi MO. Genetic Diversity Among Saudi Peganum harmala and Rhazya stricta Populations Using Chemical and ISSR Markers. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:1134-1146. [PMID: 31237203 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190619105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vernacular name 'Harmal' is used for two plant species in Saudi Arabia, i.e. Peganum harmala L. and Rhazya stricta Decne. Both are important medicinal plants which offer interesting pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among different populations of harmal based on chemical variations of alkaloids and molecular polymorphism. METHODS Total alkaloids were extracted from plants of three populations of each species and estimated by using spectrophotometer and the chemical compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Molecular polymorphism was estimated by using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprints. RESULTS The results showed that the alkaloids content of R. stricta was higher than P. harmala populations. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (65-53) compounds in R. stricta and P. harmala, and the percentage of polymorphism was found to be 93.2%. Sixteen ISSR primers produced 170 scorable bands with an average of 9.6 bands per primer and 75%-100% polymorphism. The cluster analysis using the unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) method based on combined data of GC-MS and ISSR markers divided the six harmal genotypes into two major groups. CONCLUSION The existence of variations in chemical and genetic markers is useful for the selection of potential genotypes for medicinal use, and for breeding lines for medicinal substances production to spare wild plants from uncontrolled harvesting for folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda E Abd-Elgawad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora bent Abdul-Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora bent Abdul-Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Andal A, Moustafa M, Alrumman S. Variations in Chemicals and Antimicrobial Properties of Schinus molle Fruits Grown in Abha Area, Saudi Arabia. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tangpao T, Chung HH, Sommano SR. Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oils from Five Commonly Used Thai Basils. Foods 2018; 7:E175. [PMID: 30352978 PMCID: PMC6262289 DOI: 10.3390/foods7110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The research objectives of this study are to analyse the volatile compositions of different basil types available in Thai markets and to descriptively determine their aromatic qualities. Essential oils were hydro-distillated from fresh leaves of two Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) varieties namely, white and red and other basil species, including Tree basil (O. gratissimum), Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum), and Lemon basil (O. citriodorum). Oil physiochemical characteristics and volatile chromatograms from Gas Chromatography⁻Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the chemical compositions. Estragole, eugenol, and methyl eugenol were among the major volatiles found in the essential oils of these basil types. Classification by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) advised that these Ocimum spp. samples are grouped based on either the distinctive anise, citrus aroma (estragole, geranial and neral), or spice-like aroma (methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-cubebene). The essential oils were also used for descriptive sensorial determination by five semi-trained panellists, using the following developed terms: anise, citrus, herb, spice, sweet, and woody. The panellists were able to differentiate essential oils of white Holy basil from red Holy basil based on the intensity of the anisic attribute, while the anise and citrus scents were detected as dominant in the Lemon basil, Tree basil, and Thai basil essential oils. The overall benefit from this research was the elucidation of aromatic qualities from Thai common Ocimum species in order to assess their potential as the raw materials for new food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibet Tangpao
- Major of Biotechnology, the Graduate School of Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Hsiao-Hang Chung
- Department of Horticulture, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan County 260, Taiwan.
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Vieira M, Bessa LJ, Martins MR, Arantes S, Teixeira APS, Mendes Â, Martins da Costa P, Belo ADF. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Synergistic Properties of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Seven Mediterranean Aromatic Plants. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28281322 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus and from Mediterranean autochthonous aromatic plants - Thymus mastichina L., Mentha pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta, Cistus ladanifer L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter ssp. viscosa - were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-FID and NMR spectroscopy. EOs were evaluated for antimicrobial properties against several bacterial strains, using diverse methods, namely, the agar disc-diffusion method, the microdilution method, the crystal violet assay and the Live/Dead staining for assessment of biofilm formation. Potential synergy was assessed by a checkerboard method. EOs of R. officinalis and C. ladanifer showed a predominance in monoterpene hydrocarbons (> 60%); EOs of C. nepeta, M. pulegium, T. mastichina, E. globulus and F. vulgare were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (62 - 96%) whereas EO of D. viscosa was mainly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54%). All EOs showed antimicrobial activity; M. pulegium and E. globulus generally had the strongest antimicrobial activity. EO of C. nepeta was the most promising in hampering the biofilm formation. The combinations D. viscosa/C. nepeta and E. globulus/T. mastichina were synergistic against Staphylococcus aureus. These results support the notion that EOs from the aromatic plants herein reported should be further explored as potential pharmaceuticals and/or food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vieira
- Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto
| | - Lucinda J Bessa
- Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.,UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, PT-4169-007, Porto
| | - M Rosário Martins
- Laboratório HERCULES & Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7000-671, Évora
| | - Sílvia Arantes
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas & Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, PT-7002-554, Évora
| | - António P S Teixeira
- Centro de Química de Évora & Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7000-671, Évora
| | - Ângelo Mendes
- Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- Departamento de Produção Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, PT-4050-343, Porto.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, PT-4450-208, Matosinhos
| | - Anabela D F Belo
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, PT-7002-554, Évora
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Füller TN, Bertrand C, Antonello B, Wesp C, de Barros IBI, Barbosa Neto JF. Chemical diversity of wild populations ofElionurus muticus(Spreng.) and the allelopathic effect of its essential oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1313786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bibiana Antonello
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Wesp
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Msaddak L, Abdelhedi O, Kridene A, Rateb M, Belbahri L, Ammar E, Nasri M, Zouari N. Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes as a functional ingredient: bioactive compounds profile and their effect on antioxidant quality of bread. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:32. [PMID: 28173866 PMCID: PMC5296952 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of a balanced diet, the antioxidant-rich food consumption is a preventive way of many degenerative diseases. Consequently, improving the nutraceutical quality of traditional foods such as bakery products is an interesting approach. Considering the present consumer’s demand, cladodes from prickly pear that were traditionally used as a valuable food as well as in folk medicine for the treatment of several chronic diseases were investigated for their use in bread production to improve its functionality. Methods Bioactive substances were determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) analysis. Dough rheological properties were characterized by alveographic measurements. Bread antioxidant quality was evaluated by total phenolics content, DPPH• radical-scavenging, metal (Fe2+) chelating and Fe3+ reducing power determinations. Results LC-HRESIMS analysis of the cladodes extract allowed the identification of 9 flavonoids, 2 phenolics, 1 alkaloid and 1 terpenoid compounds. Cladodes powder enrichment induced important modifications on the dough rheological parameters in terms of the extensibility (L) and deformation energy (W) decrease. Moreover, cladodes powder addition to bread resulted in a decrease in both crust and crumb colour parameters (L*, a* and b*). A 5% supplementation resulted in an increase of the bread yield and bread specific volume by 8.9 and 25%, respectively. Interestingly, Bread containing cladodes powder showed enhanced total phenolics content and antioxidant potential as compared to the control. Conclusions Substitution of wheat flour by the cladodes powder at 5% level was optimal for improving the total phenolics content and the antioxidant potential of bread without having any negative effect on its sensory acceptability. Cladodes from Opuntia ficus-indica could be considered as a potential health-promoting functional ingredient in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Msaddak
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amani Kridene
- Research Unit of Coastal and Urban Environments, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mostafa Rateb
- School of Science and Sport, University of West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Lassaâd Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emna Ammar
- Research Unit of Coastal and Urban Environments, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
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Characterization of Anemopsis californica essential oil–β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex as antioxidant prolonged-release system. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Saad AB, Rjeibi I, Alimi H, Ncib S, Smida A, Zouari N, Zourgui L. Lithium induced, oxidative stress and related damages in testes and heart in male rats: The protective effects of Malva sylvestris extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:127-135. [PMID: 27951419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva sylvestris is widely used in Mediterranean and European traditional medicine and ethnoveterinary for the treatment of various diseases. This study, carried out on male Wistar rats, evaluates the beneficial effects of Malva sylvestris extract upon lithium carbonate-induced damages in testes and heart. For this purpose, Malva sylvestris extract at a dose of 0.2g/kg was orally administrated, followed by 25mg/kg lithium carbonate (intraperitoneal injection, twice daily). Lithium carbonate treatment significantly (p<0.01) decreased the weight of testes, accessory sex organ and heart, sperm count and motility, and serum testosterone level. In addition, exposure to lithium carbonate significantly (p<0.01) increased lipid peroxidation level (LPO) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in testes and heart. Treatment with M. sylvestris extract affords substantial protection in testes and heart by altering all the parameters to near normal levels that were further confirmed by histological examination. The beneficial effect of M. Sylvestris extract in several organs could be attributed to the interaction of antioxidant components, such as complex polysaccharides, as confirmed by phytochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Ben Saad
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Laboratory of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisie.
| | - Ilhem Rjeibi
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Alimi
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Sana Ncib
- Unit of Common Services, Faculty of Sciences Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Amani Smida
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Laboratory of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisie
| | - Nacim Zouari
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology ISBAM Medenine, 4119, University of Gabes, Tunisie
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Higher Institute of Applied Biology ISBAM Medenine, 4119, University of Gabes, Tunisie
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Moustafa MF, Hesham AEL, Quraishi MS, Alrumman SA. Variations in genetic and chemical constituents of Ziziphus spina-christi L. populations grown at various altitudinal zonation up to 2227 m height. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:349-362. [PMID: 30647633 PMCID: PMC6299872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altitudinal gradient-defined specific environmental conditions could lead to genetics and chemical variations among individuals of the same species. By using RAPD, ISSR, GC-MS and HPLC analysis, the genetic and chemical diversity of Ziziphus spina-christi plants at various altitudinal gradient namely; Abha (2227.86 m), Dala Valley (1424 m), Rakhma Valley (1000 m), Raheb Valley (505 m) and Al-Marbh (147 m) were estimated. RAPD markers revealed that the highest similarity value (40.22%) was between Raheb Valley and Al-Marbh while the lowest similarity (10.08%) was between Abha and Raheb Valley. Based on ISSR markers the highest similarity value (61.54%) was also between Raheb Valley and Al-Marbh, while the lowest similarity (26.84%) was between Abha and Rakhma Valley. GC-MS results showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents in each population. The dendrogram based on chemical compounds separated the Z. spina-christi grown at the highest elevations (Abha) from the populations in lower elevations. HPLC analysis showed that the leaves of Z. spina-christi plant contain considerable amount of vitamins including B1, B12, B2 and folic acid. In conclusion, there is a close relation between altitudinal gradients, genetic diversity and chemical constituents of the leaves of Z. spina-christi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Quraishi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Krayni H, Fakhfakh N, Aloui L, Zouari N, Kossentini M, Zouari S. Chemical composition and chelating activity ofRuta chalepensisL. (Rutaceae) essential oil as influenced by phenological stages and plant organs. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1023906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Could essential oils of green and black pepper be used as food preservatives? Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6565-73. [PMID: 26396402 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Black and green pepper essential oils were used in this study in order to determine the chemical composition, in vitro antimicrobial activity against food spoilage microorganisms and in situ oils effect on food microorganism, after incorporation in chicken soup, by suggested methodology for calculation of Growth inhibition concentrations (GIC50). Chemical analysis revealed a total of 34 components. The major constituent of black pepper oil was trans-caryophyllene (30.33 %), followed by limonene (12.12 %), while β-pinene (24.42 %), δ(3)-carene (19.72 %), limonene (18.73 %) and α-pinene (10.39 %) were dominant compounds in green pepper oil. Antimicrobial activity was determined by microdilution technique and minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined. Green pepper oil showed stronger antibacterial and antifungal activity (MIC 0.50-1.87; MBC 0.63-2.5 mg/ml; MIC 0.07-0.16; MFC 0.13-1.25 mg/ml) against black pepper oil (MIC 0.07-3.75; MBC 0.60-10.00 mg/ml; MIC 0.63-5.00; MFC 1.25-10.00 mg/ml. Oils successfully inhibited the growth of S. aureus in chicken soup in a dose dependent manner. GIC50 values were calculated after 24, 48 and 72 h and were in range of 0.156-0.689 mg/ml. The 50 % inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of EOs were 36.84 and 38.77 mg/ml with in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay respectively. The obtained results revealed that black and green pepper volatiles are efficient in controlling the growth of known food-spoilage microorganisms.
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Chaftar N, Girardot M, Labanowski J, Ghrairi T, Hani K, Frère J, Imbert C. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 19 essential oils. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 901:1-15. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zouari S, Ayadi I, Fakhfakh N, Jdir H, Aloui L, Kossentini M, Rebai A, Zouari N. Essential oil variation in wild populations of Artemisia saharae (Asteraceae) from Tunisia: chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:76. [PMID: 28510956 PMCID: PMC5430380 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia saharae Pomel is a new taxon of Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Asteraceae) which is endemic to Tunisia and Algeria. This shrub, commonly known as white wormwood or desert wormwood, is largely used in folk medicine and as a culinary herb. The bulks aromatic plants come from wild populations whose essential oils compositions as well as their biological properties are severely affected by several factors such as geographic conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to provide more information about the influence of altitude variation on the essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Artemisia saharae growing wild in the same geographical area. RESULTS Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation of leaves and flowers of the plant collected from seven different altitudes of the Baten Zamour region (southwest of Tunisia). The highest essential oil yields (2.70-2.80%) were obtained for populations of high altitudes. Seventy-five compounds, representing 92.78 to 96.95% of the total essential oils, were separated and identified. Essential oils were characterized by very high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (52.1-72.6%) which constituted the predominant class. From the analyzed populations, the major compounds (>7%) were α-thujone, β-thujone, chrysanthenone, camphor, chrysanthenyl acetate, and sabinyl acetate. Sabinyl acetate which was detected in some populations at relatively high percentages (7.7-10.8%) seems to be characteristic to Southern Tunisian A. saharae. The studied essential oil showed a chemical diversity depending on the population altitude as revealed by linear discriminant and cluster analyses. CONCLUSIONS Three population groups associated with altitudinal levels were distinguished. It is worthy to note that the most discriminating compounds of chemical groups were the minor ones. Despite the high variation of essential oil compositions, the high altitude population did not affect severely the antibacterial activity against the most tested strains. Altitude seems to be an important factor influencing the yield and the chemical profile of Artemisia saharae essential oils. Knowledge of the chemical composition of essential oils in relation to environmental factors is a very important quality criterion for their marketing and contributes to their valorization as functional ingredient in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zouari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliqué: Hétérocycles, Corps gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Equipe de criblage moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. 1177, Sfax, 3018 Tunisia
| | - Nahed Fakhfakh
- Institut Supérieur de Biologie Appliquée de Médenine, Université de Gabès, Médenine, 4119 Tunisia
| | - Hamida Jdir
- Laboratoire de Biochime et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
| | - Latifa Aloui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliqué: Hétérocycles, Corps gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kossentini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliqué: Hétérocycles, Corps gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, 3000 Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Equipe de criblage moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. 1177, Sfax, 3018 Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- Institut Supérieur de Biologie Appliquée de Médenine, Université de Gabès, Médenine, 4119 Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biochime et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
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Otto RB, Ameso S, Onegi B. Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:840-8. [PMID: 25834492 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae continuously develop resistance to several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer effective drugs. OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) have antimicrobial activity against clinically resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. To determine and compare the MICs of their ether and methanol extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ether and methanol extracts were prepared from the plant parts. 12-375mg/ml of serially diluted ether extracts in DMSO and methanol extracts in water were tested using agar-well diffusion method against Neisseria gonorrhea clinical isolate cultured on MTM agar. MICs were determined from corresponding concentration-response curves. Ceftriaxone was used as positive control, whereas DMSO and water as negative controls. RESULTS All the crude extracts showed concentration-dependent Neisseria gonorrhea inhibition. Ether extracts for both leaves and roots gave lower MICs compared to those of methanol. Ether root extract showed the highest potency. CONCLUSIONS Both the leaf and the root of Cassia alata plant have activity against clinically resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the root having the higher activity. Lipophilic solvent, ether, give more potent antigonorrhoeal extracts. As expected Cassia alata plant in Central Uganda also has antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bd Otto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Ameso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernadina Onegi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Guesmi F, Ben Ali M, Barkaoui T, Tahri W, Mejri M, Ben-Attia M, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Effects of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) essential oil on healing gastric ulcers according to sex. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:138. [PMID: 25159191 PMCID: PMC4176582 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae), popularly known as "mougecha" or "mazoukcha" is prolific in Mediterranean regions, mostly in North Africa, and is used in folk medicine to treat of stomach diseases. METHODS In this study, animals were induced with gastric ulcers using HCl/ethanol (0.3 M HCl/60% ethanol) and treated orally with essential oil of Thymus algeriensis (EOTa) in various doses ranging from 54 mg/kg body weight to 180 mg/kg body weight. RESULT The dose found to be effective was 180 mg/kg body weight, since this dose brought about a maximum reduction in lesion index in female rats. In gastric tissues, levels of total glutathiones (GSH, GST and GPx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Histopathological changes were observed using a cross section of gastric tissue. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 13 components accounting for 77.7% of the essential oil from dried leaves. Oral administration of EOTa (54, 117 and 180 ml/kg) inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers. Lesion index was significantly reduced in ulcer induced animals treated with EOTa (HCl/ethanol + EOTa) compared to those ulcerated with HCl/ethanol but with no treatment given. Females showed a greater resistance to ulcers and gastric lesions occurred less often than in males. GSH, pH, enzymic antioxidants, and adherent mucus content were all significantly increased. CONCLUSION From the data presented in this study, it can be concluded that male rats are more sensitive to gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Fatma G, Mouna BF, Mondher M, Ahmed L. In-vitro assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oil of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:114. [PMID: 25022197 PMCID: PMC4115217 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the complexity of the antioxidant materials and their mechanism of actions, it is obvious that no single testing method is capable of providing a comprehensive picture of the antioxidant profile. The essential oil of the Thymus specie may still possess other important activities in traditional medicine, it can be used in the treatment of fever and cough. This essential oil may also have an anticancer activity. Methods The essential oils aerial parts hydrodistilled from Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis, were characterised by GC/MS analysis and the methanolic extracts were chemically characterized by HPLC method. The essence of thyme was evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Result The Terpinen-4-ol are the principal class of metabolites (33.34%) among which 1.8-cineole (19.96%) and camphor (19.20%) predominate. In this study, quantitative values of antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extracts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis were investigated. The essential oils was screened for their antibacterial activity against six common pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteridis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes) by well diffusion method and agar dilution method (MIC). All the essences were found to inhibit the growth of both gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria organisms tested. These activities were correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds in active fractions. HPLC confirmed presence of phenolic compounds in methanol extracts. Conclusion Methanol extracts and essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis, were examined for their potential as antioxidants. The technique for measuring antioxidant activity, which was developed using DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene bleaching, produced results as found in established literatures. The present results indicate clearly that methanol extracts and essential oils from Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis possess antioxidant properties and could serve as free radical inhibitors or scavengers, acting possibly as primary antioxidants, also their essential oil have an antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guesmi Fatma
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Sodouri M, Masoudi Alavi N, Fathizadeh N, Taghizadeh M, Azarbad Z, Memarzadeh M. Effects of Zataria Multi-Flora, Shirazi thyme, on the Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2013; 2:57-63. [PMID: 25414880 PMCID: PMC4228904 DOI: 10.5812/nms.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sodouri
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Negin Masoudi Alavi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Negin Masoudi Alavi, Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ghotb Ravandi Highway, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-3615550021, Fax: +98-3615556633, E-mail:
| | - Nahid Fathizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Azarbad
- Department of Society Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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ГОДИН В, ДЕМЬЯНОВА Е. О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ ГИНОДИЭЦИИ У ЦВЕТКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s123456781312001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
На основании литературных данных и собственных наблюдений составлен новый список гинодиэцичных растений, включающий в себя 1126 видов из 89 семейств покрытосеменных мировой флоры. Анализируются особенности распространения гинодиэции (женской двудомности) среди цветковых растений. В настоящее время у двудольных растений гинодиэция обнаружена у представителей 77 семейств, 278 родов и 1044 видов, а у однодольных — у 12 семейств, 25 родов и 82 видов. Гинодиэция ассоциируется главным образом с многолетними травами, умеренным климатом, энтомофильным опылением.
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Affiliation(s)
- В.Н. ГОДИН
- Московский педагогический государственный университет
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