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Yuan L, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zhang D, Zhang K, Shi Y, Yuan Z, Zhao T. Flaxseed promotes productive performance through regulating gut microbiome in ducks. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:923. [PMID: 39164448 PMCID: PMC11335930 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed has been widely used in animal diets to increase the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal products and promote overall animal health, but little known about its effects on the productive performance and the mictobita of gut of laying duck. METHODS AND RESULTS Jinding duck, a Chinese indigenous breed, was used in the study. The corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2%, 3% 4% and 5% flaxseed were provided to Control, 2% Fla, 3% Fla, 4% Fla and 5% Fla groups for 53 days, respectively. Compared with Control group, groups fed with flaxseed diets showed higher egg production, egg mass, ovary weight and more preovulatory follicles. The Docosahexaenoic Acid content of egg was extremely significantly elevated by flaxseed diets (P < 0.01), and the albumen height and haugh unit were elevated, especially in 4% Fla and/or 5% Fla group (P < 0.05). Groups 4% Fla and 5% Fla had highest ileal villus height, jejunal and ileal crypt depth. Moreover, Flaxseed diets significantly increased the levels of IgG and IgM in all Fla groups (P < 0.01), while increased IgA levels except for in 3% Fla group (P < 0.05). The results of 16s rDNA sequencing showed that flaxseed diet altered the microbial composition of gut and reduced the diversity and evenness of gut microbial communities except for 5% Fla. The correlation analysis identified Blautia, Butyricicoccus and Subdoligranulum positively associated with egg production. Genera Fourinierella, Fusobacterium and Intestinimonas positively associated with ovary weight, haught unit and album height. And Mucispirillum positively associated with haugh unit and album height. CONCLUSION This study has suggested that flaxseed play a positive role in productive performance, the overall or intestinal health of laying ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Yuan P, Everaert N, Comer L, Jiang S, Jiao N, Huang L, Yuan X, Yang W, Li Y. Effects of Chinese Gallotannins on Antioxidant Function, Intestinal Health, and Gut Flora in Broilers Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1915. [PMID: 38998028 PMCID: PMC11240627 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the protective effects of dietary Chinese gallotannins (CGT) supplementation against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury in broilers. Four hundred and fifty healthy Arbor Acres broilers (one-day-old) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) basal diet (CON group), (2) basal diet with LPS challenge (LPS group), and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg CGT as well as LPS challenge (LPS+CGT group). The experiment lasted for 21 days. Intraperitoneal LPS injections were administered to broilers in the LPS group and the LPS+CGT group on days 17, 19, and 21 of the trial, whereas the CON group received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% physiological saline. Blood and intestinal mucosa samples were collected 3 h after the LPS challenge. The results showed that LPS administration induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis and damaged small intestinal morphology and structure in broilers. However, dietary supplementation with CGT alleviated the deleterious effects on intestinal morphology and barrier integrity caused by the LPS challenge, while also reducing intestinal apoptosis and inflammation, enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity, and increasing cecal microbial alpha diversity in the LPS-challenged broilers. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that a 300 mg/kg CGT addition could improve intestinal morphology and gut barrier structure, as well as maintaining bacterial homeostasis, in broilers exposed to LPS. This might partially be attributed to the reduced cell apoptosis, decreased inflammatory response, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Luke Comer
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Panhe Street 7, Tai’an 271017, China; (Y.F.); (P.Y.); (S.J.); (N.J.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (N.E.); (L.C.)
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Risyahadi ST, Sukria HA, Retnani Y, Wijayanti I, Jayanegara A, Qomariyah N. Effects of dietary extrusion on the performance and apparent ileal digestion of broilers: a meta-analysis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2184277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sazli Tutur Risyahadi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Heri Ahmad Sukria
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yuli Retnani
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Indah Wijayanti
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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Vlaicu PA, Untea AE, Varzaru I, Saracila M, Oancea AG. Designing Nutrition for Health-Incorporating Dietary By-Products into Poultry Feeds to Create Functional Foods with Insights into Health Benefits, Risks, Bioactive Compounds, Food Component Functionality and Safety Regulations. Foods 2023; 12:4001. [PMID: 37959120 PMCID: PMC10650119 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the concept of nutrition by design, exploring the relationship between poultry production, the utilization of dietary by-products to create functional foods, and their impact on human health. Functional foods are defined as products that extend beyond their basic nutritional value, offering potential benefits in disease prevention and management. Various methods, including extraction, fermentation, enrichment, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, are employed to obtain bioactive compounds for these functional foods. This review also examines the innovative approach of enhancing livestock diets to create functional foods through animal-based methods. Bioactive compounds found in these functional foods, such as essential fatty acids, antioxidants, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive peptides, are highlighted for their potential in promoting well-being and mitigating chronic diseases. Additionally, the review explores the functionality of food components within these products, emphasizing the critical roles of bioaccessibility, bioactivity, and bioavailability in promoting health. The importance of considering key aspects in the design of enhanced poultry diets for functional food production is thoroughly reviewed. The safety of these foods through the establishment of regulations and guidelines was reviewed. It is concluded that the integration of nutrition by design principles empowers individuals to make informed choices that can prioritize their health and well-being. By incorporating functional foods rich in bioactive compounds, consumers can proactively take steps to prevent and manage health issues, ultimately contributing to a healthier society and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Nutrition and Biology, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (A.E.U.); (I.V.); (M.S.); (A.G.O.)
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Cherian G, Fraz A, Bionaz M. Evaluating the impact of organic chromium on hepatic phospholipid fatty acid molecular species, transcription of genes associated with lipid metabolism and oxidative status in broiler chickens fed flaxseed. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102976. [PMID: 37562127 PMCID: PMC10432843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) and can be used to enrich chicken tissues with n-3 fatty acids (FA). However, antinutritional factors in flaxseed compromise the live performance of birds coupled with increased oxidative stress. Chromium (Cr) is a trace element with antioxidant properties. It is hypothesized that Cr supplementation will affect the hepatic total lipid profile, phospholipid n-3 and n-6 FA molecular species, lipid oxidation products, and transcription of genes associated with lipid metabolism in broiler chickens fed flaxseed. Ninety (n = 90), day-old Cornish cross chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0% flaxseed (CTR), 10% flaxseed (FLAX), and FLAX + 0.05% organic Cr (FLAXCr) for 42 d. The chicks were kept in 18 pens with 5 chicks per pen. For all response variables, the effect of dietary treatments were compared separately using SAS 9.4. P values were considered significant at ≤0.05. Total lipids, saturated FA, long-chain (≥20C) n-6 FA were reduced while total n-3 FA and long-chain n-3 FA were higher in the liver of FLAX and FLAXCr than CTR (P < 0.05). Hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethnolamine (PE) n-3 species (36:5, 38:6) were higher in FLAX and FLAXCr compared to CTR (P < 0.05). On the contrary, n-6 species in PC (36:4, 38:4) and PE (38:4) were lower in FLAX and FLAXCr compared to CTR (P < 0.05). Addition of Cr to a flaxseed-containing diet led to an increase in PE 36:4 (P < 0.05). A decrease in the transcription of ELOVL6 gene involved in de novo lipid synthesis was observed in FLAXCr (P = 0.01). An increase in the transcription of genes involved in FA oxidation (ACAA2, ACOX1) was observed in FLAX compared to FLAXCr (P = 0. 05; P = 0.02). A trend for a decrease in the transcription of FADS2 and HMGCS1 was observed in FLAXCr than CTR and FLAX (P = 0.06; 0.08). Transcription of other genes involved in de novo lipid synthesis (FASN, PPARA), FA oxidation (CPT1A, CPT2, ACAA1), and oxidative stress response (GPX1, NQO11, GSTA2, SLC40A1, NFE2L2) were not affected by the diets (P > 0.05). Lipid peroxidation products measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was reduced in FLAXCr than CTR (P < 0.05) and was not different from FLAX (P > 0.05). Serum cholesterol and aspartic aminotransferase were reduced in FLAX and FLAXCr compared to CTR (P < 0.05). The serum glucose level was decreased in FLAX compared to CTR (P < 0.05) and a trend in decrease was noticed in FLAXCr vs. CTR (P = 0.10). Serum TBARS were higher in CTR and FLAXCr compared to FLAX (P < 0.05). In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation enhances total and long-chain n-3 FA while reducing total lipids, saturated, and n-6 FA in the liver. Supplementing Cr along with flaxseed increased n-6 FA species in the hepatic PE and decreased the transcription of genes involved in FA oxidation and lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Cherian
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ahmad Fraz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Marchewka J, Sztandarski P, Solka M, Louton H, Rath K, Vogt L, Rauch E, Ruijter D, de Jong IC, Horbańczuk JO. Linking key husbandry factors to the intrinsic quality of broiler meat. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102384. [PMID: 36565632 PMCID: PMC9801217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler farming is the fastest-growing animal production sector and broiler meat is the second most-consumed meat in the world. The intensification of broiler production often has a negative impact on the meat quality and carcass characteristics. Consumers, however, expect a quality product from animals reared extensively on farms providing good animal welfare, often intuitively associated with extensive farming practices. Therefore, this literature review investigates how the critical factors contributing to the degree of extensiveness of broiler production affect the quality of meat. We used the data from scientific articles published in the years 2012-2021 to analyze the effect of diet (n = 409), genetics (n = 86), enrichment (n = 25), and stocking density (n = 20) on meat quality and carcass characteristics. Minerals and microelements supplementation in the diet improved all the meat quality aspects: sensory, physical, and chemical in most studies. Minerals and enzymes in the diet had beneficial effects on carcass characteristics, unlike feed restriction and ingredient substitutions. The impact of outdoor access on meat quality and carcass characteristics was most frequently examined, in contrast to the use of perches or effects of litter quality. Overall, enrichment did not affect the meat's sensory or physical parameters, but outdoor access improved its lipid composition. Lower stocking density deteriorated intramuscular fat content, decreased tenderness and juiciness, yet lowered cooking and drip loss, and increased carcass and breast muscle yields. When it comes to genetics, in general, slow growing broiler strains have better meat quality parameters, especially regarding yellowness (b*), redness (a*), cooking and drip loss. Our review shows that the factors which contribute to extensiveness of broiler production systems and birds' welfare also affect meat quality and the carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Magdalena Solka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland,Corresponding authors:
| | - Helen Louton
- Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Rath
- Quality assurance animal welfare, Naturland – Association for Organic Agriculture e.V., 82166 Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Lukas Vogt
- Quality assurance animal welfare, Naturland – Association for Organic Agriculture e.V., 82166 Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Elke Rauch
- Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Dionne Ruijter
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C. de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Tamasgen N. Effects of replacing soybean meal with linseed meal in broiler diet on selected broilers’ blood parameters, meat chemical composition, fatty acid profiles, and sensory characteristics. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.945685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted with the objective of determining the effects of the dietary replacement of soybean meal with graded levels of linseed meal on selected blood parameters, meat composition, fatty acid profiles, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Cobb500 broilers were fed diets containing linseed meal at 0% (T1), 6.5% (T2), 13% (T3), 19.5 (T4), and 26% (T5), replacing 0% to 100% soybean meal in compound rations for 45 days. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments, each replicated three times with 12 birds. Blood hematological indices were not affected (P>0.05) by treatment diets while among the blood biochemistry triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in T1 were higher (P<0.05) than in T3, T4, and T5. Glucose was higher in T3, T4, and T5 than in T1 and T2 (P<0.01). The breast and thigh proximate composition for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, carbohydrate, and gross energy were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. The sensory scores for breast and thigh meat samples were not different (P>0.05) among treatments. The palmitic acid content of breast and thigh meat was higher (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 than in the other treatments. Eliadic and stearic acid concentrations in thigh meat were greater (P<0.05) in T1, T2, and T3 than in T4 and T5. The oleic and linoleic acid contents of thigh meat were higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than in the rest of the treatments. Breast linolenic acid was high (P<0.05) in T5 but similar in thigh meat. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) showed a decreasing trend with an increasing level of linseed meal (LSM) in the ration. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) to SFA for breast and thigh was higher in T4 and T5 than in T1 and T2. Breast meat ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) showed a decreasing trend as the level of LSM replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in the ration increased. Generally, linseed meal replacement levels up to 26% in the broilers’ diet improves the essential fatty acid content of chicken meat without affecting the proximate composition and the chickens’ normal blood indices and does not alter meat sensory attributes.
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Albergamo A, Vadalà R, Metro D, Giuffrida D, Monaco F, Pergolizzi S, Leonardi M, Bartolomeo G, Petracci M, Cicero N. Effect of Dietary Enrichment with Flaxseed, Vitamin E and Selenium, and of Market Class on the Broiler Breast Meat-Part 2: Technological and Sensorial Traits. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172567. [PMID: 36076753 PMCID: PMC9455164 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet enrichment with flaxseed, selenium and vitamin E, and market class on breast meat was investigated in terms of technological and sensorial quality of breast meat. A randomized complete block design with an experimental unit of n = 6000 broilers receiving a standard or enriched diet, and slaughtered at 37 (light class), 47 (medium class), or 57 (heavy class) days of life, was developed. Then, enriched and standard breast muscles from every market class were studied for their technological and sensorial traits—both at 24 h post-mortem and after one month of frozen storage—by a statistical multiple linear model. Redness and yellowness of muscles significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased with increasing market age. Moreover, the yellowness significantly (p < 0.05) raised after frozen storage. However, obtained data were always indicative of a normal meat color. The water holding capacity improved following fed enrichment and significantly (p < 0.05) worsened after frozen storage. For the sensory analysis, juiciness and chewing rest of meat resulted significantly (p < 0.05) improved with increasing slaughtering age and diet enrichment, as well as their mutual interaction, while they deteriorated after frozen storage. Overall, fresh and enriched muscles from heavy broilers had the best technological and sensorial traits, thus, confirming that market size and diet should be highly considered to obtain breast meat with greater consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (N.C.)
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Leonardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Science4Life Srl, an Academic Spin-Off, c/o BIOMORF Department of University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
- Science4Life Srl, an Academic Spin-Off, c/o BIOMORF Department of University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (N.C.)
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The use of an optimised concentration of quercetin limits peroxidation of lipids in the meat of broiler chickens fed a diet containing flaxseed oil rich in omega-3. Animal 2022; 16:100603. [PMID: 35961176 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ross 308 chickens were used to investigate fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of broiler chicken meat following the controlled inhibition of peroxidation in feed containing a concentrated source of omega-3 fatty acids (flaxseed oil, FLO), approximately 50% omega-3. Ninety-six one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (n = 24/group) that included rapeseed oil (RO), flaxseed oil (FLO), RO with optimised quercetin (Q) - RO_Q, or FLO with optimised Q (FLO_Q). On day 35, breast and thigh muscles were collected in order to analyse their FA profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Dietary treatments had no effect on weight gain or feed conversion ratio in chickens. However, dietary FLO increased the deposition of α-linolenic acid in both pectoral and thigh meat (P < 0.05), and tended to decrease the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 FA in pectoral muscles (P < 0.07). Addition of an optimised concentration of Q proved to be an efficient way of limiting lipoperoxidation in breast and thigh muscles subjected to refrigeration at 2-3 °C for either 1 or 7 days. Results were consistent with the observed inhibition of peroxidation in feed mixtures and significantly correlated with MDA levels found in feed mixtures. These results provide evidence that it is possible to produce poultry meat with an improved proportion of omega-3 FA without significantly altering the performance of broiler chickens or the oxidative stability of their meat.
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11
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Zając M, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Klebaniuk R, Andrejko D, Kiczorowski P, Milewski S, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Supplementation of Broiler Chicken Feed Mixtures with Micronised Oilseeds and the Effects on Nutrient Contents and Mineral Profiles of Meat and Some Organs, Carcass Composition Parameters, and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131623. [PMID: 35804522 PMCID: PMC9265055 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we included 15% doses of infrared-irradiated camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds in the diets of broiler chickens (grower and finisher) and focused on assessing the effects on the production traits, selected slaughter analysis parameters, nutrients, and minerals in breast and drumstick meat and some organs, i.e., liver, proventriculus, and heart. In total, 200 one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments with five replicate cages of 10 broiler chickens per cage (five females and five males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. In the group of broiler chickens in which diets were supplemented with micronised camelina and flax seeds, there was an increase in (p < 0.05) breast, thigh, and drumstick weight and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the abdominal fat of the carcasses. The oilseed treatments reduced the ether extract content and the calorific value in the breast and drumstick muscles and organs. The flax seeds contributed to an increase in the contents of Ca (breast muscle and liver), Cu (breast muscle and proventriculus), and Fe (drumstick muscle and heart). Likewise, some blood parameters were influenced by supplementation with infrared-irradiated camelina and flax seeds, for example, there was a decrease in the haemoglobin level and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.05). The oilseed treatments also modified the contents of Fe and Ca in the blood plasma of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). It may be concluded that infrared-irradiated camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be regarded as good diet components exerting positive effects on the dietary value of poultry meat and organs used in dietetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Zając
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-69-15
| | - Wioletta Samolińska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Dariusz Andrejko
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kiczorowski
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.S.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (A.W.-M.)
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12
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Effect of Dietary Enrichment with Flaxseed, Vitamin E and Selenium, and of Market Class on the Broiler Breast Meat-Part 1: Nutritional and Functional Traits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081666. [PMID: 35458228 PMCID: PMC9024534 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary enrichment with flaxseed, selenium and vitamin E, and market class on the nutritional and functional value of breast meat was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was set up, where the experimental unit (n = 6000 birds) received conventional or enriched diet and was slaughtered at 37 (light class), 47 (medium class), or 57 (heavy class) days of life. Hence, functional and standard Pectoralis major muscles from every market class were analyzed for FA composition, inorganic elements and vitamin E. Lipid metabolism indices and health lipid indicators were assessed along with the nutritional value. A multiple linear model revealed that in breasts, the dietary treatment significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the FA profile, lipid metabolism and health lipid indices, while the slaughtering weight was related (p < 0.05) to most of elements (e.g., Na, Mg, K, Mn, and Se) and vitamin E. The interdependence of the two factors had strong relations (p < 0.05) with total PUFAs, including linolenic acid, desaturase activities, health lipid indices, trace essential elements and vitamin E. Consequently, enriched meat from heavy chickens showed the best functional and nutritional traits. Overall, the study pointed out that both market class and dietary manipulation are two relevant factors to consider for producing breast meat with higher nutritional and functional value.
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Excessive Aurantiochytrium acetophilum docosahexaenoic acid supplementation decreases growth performance and breast muscle mass of broiler chickens. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Lee SM, Kim HK, Lee HB, Kwon OD, Lee EB, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Dae Kwon
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tamasgen N, Urge M, Girma M, Nurfeta A. Effect of dietary replacement of soybean meal with linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08297. [PMID: 34820532 PMCID: PMC8601988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the chicken's productivity and performance it is imperative to exploit underutilized oil crops such as linseed meal as protein source. This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 180 day-old Cobb500 broilers were distributed to five treatment diets in a completely randomized design replicated three times with 12 chicks each. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatment diets formulated were T1 (0%, diet with no linseed meal), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%) and T5 (100%, soybean meal in the diet was replaced by linseed meal). The feeding experiment lasted for 44 days. The total feed intake, mortality rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during starter phase were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. High (P < 0.05) starter phase body weight was recorded for T3 compared to T1, T2, T4 and T5 treatments but T2, T4 and T5 had similar average daily gain. The feed intake, body weight change, FCR and mortality during finisher phase and entire period were similar (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. The weight of most carcasses were similar (P > 0.05) among treatment except the weight of kidney, heart, breast, liver and abdominal fat. Kidney weight for T1 and T3 were higher (P < 0.05) than for T2, T4 and T5. The weight of heart for T3 was higher than T2 and T5 while T1, T3 and T4 were similar (P > 0.05). High (P < 0.05) breast weight were observed for T3 than T2 and T4. Liver weight for T3 was greater (P < 0.05) than T2 and T5. The total feed cost decreased with increasing levels of linseed meal. High net return was obtained from T3 followed by T4 and T2. The results showed that although linseed meal can replace 100% soybean meal in the ration without detrimental effect on the health, replacement at 50% (T3) is recommended for better performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negasa Tamasgen
- Department of Animal Science, Wollega University, P. O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Urge
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Girma
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajebu Nurfeta
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Correlations between first order echotextural characteristics and chemical composition of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens receiving different dietary fat supplements. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study examined the quantitative relationships among ultrasonographic image attributes and chemical composition of the pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens that received four different dietary fat supplements (Group SO: soybean oil; Group FO: flaxseed oil; Group SO+FO: soybean oil+flaxseed oil; and Group BT: beef tallow; n=10 birds/group). Ultrasonograms of birds’ pectoral muscles, in a transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) plane, were obtained just before slaughter at 6 weeks of age and were subjected to digital image analyses to determine mean pixel intensity (MPI) and pixel heterogeneity values (standard deviation of numerical pixel values; MPH; a.k.a first order echotextural characteristics). Thirty-eight chemical characteristics of the muscles were determined post-mortem (crude fat, protein, and dry matter as well as fatty acid profiles) and were analyzed for correlations with the echotextural variables. A total of 12 (L-MPI: 7; L-MPH: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation), 5 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 2; and T-MPI: 1 correlation), 15 (L-MPI: 10; T-MPI: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation) and 8 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 1; and TMPH: 5 correlations) significant correlations were recorded in Groups SO, FO, SO+FO and BT, respectively. When the data were pooled for all 40 birds studied, significant correlations with echotextural attributes were recorded for eighteen different chemical constituents, with the strongest overall correlation found between crude fat content and T-MPI (r=0.52, P=0.0005). In conclusion, there exists a potential application for ultrasonographic imaging in situ combined with computerized image analysis to estimate certain chemical constituents of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens. However, the existence and strength of correlations among ultrasonographic image attributes and muscle composition are affected by the source of dietary fat and relative abundance (“threshold concentrations”) of individual chemical components.
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17
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Evaluation indicators of Ruditapes philippinarum nutritional quality. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2943-2951. [PMID: 34294956 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To access the nutritional quality of the Ruditapes philippinarum, a comprehensive quality evaluation procedure is always important to be established. In this study, fifteen nutritional quality evaluation indicators of R. philippinarum from 7 months were analyzed, and the most important indicators were determined using a combination of multiple chemometric methods such as correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and system cluster analysis (SCA). Significant differences in nutritional quality were observed across the 7 months, as per the ANOVA results (P < 0.05). The coefficient of variation values for the fifteen evaluation indicators for R. philippinarum across 7 months was 1.67-43.47%. The CA results revealed that some indicators were correlated to each other within a certain range. Four principal components with eigen-values > 1 were obtained with PCA, and a cumulative contribution of 92.11% was achieved. In addition, four essential quality indicators were extracted using SCA. Using these four indicators, a simple and efficient procedure can be applied for quality control in aquaculture.
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18
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Effects of extruded, milled, and whole flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on egg performance, lipid components, and fatty acids concentrations in yolk and blood, and antioxidant system of commercial laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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The Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (cDDGS) and Differentiation of Dietary Fat Sources on Pig Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051277. [PMID: 33946686 PMCID: PMC8146195 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The growing demand for protein and the reluctance of consumers to use genetically modified feeds necessitate the use of other protein feeds. Corn dried distillers grains with solubles (cDDGS) is a well-digested protein feed; however, it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and can negatively affect the meat quality and oxidative stability. The negative influence of dietary unsaturated fatty acids on meat quality can be balanced by feed additives, e.g., a dietary saturated fat source increasing the iodine value of fat. To reduce the detrimental effect of corn DDGS in the present experiment, the beef tallow and coconut oil in a feed mixture were studied, as both of them are more saturated than corn DDGS and rapeseed oil. The aim of the study was to investigate mixtures comprising corn DDGS as a partial replacer for soybean meal as well as different dietary saturated fat sources to determine their effect on the meat quality and fatty acid profile. The relationships between dietary fatty acid profile and meat fatty acid profile and between various meat quality parameters were analyzed. Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate mixtures comprising corn distillers dried grain with solubles as a partial replacer for soybean meal (SBM) and different dietary fat sources, in order to determine their effect on the meat quality and fatty acid profile. Thirty-two crossbred fatteners were divided into four groups: I–SBM + rapeseed oil, II–cDDGS + rapeseed oil, III–cDDGS + beef tallow, IV–cDDGS + coconut oil. The experiment took place from 60 to 118 kg. At the end of fattening, all pigs were slaughtered and samples of meat (musculuslongissimus lumborum) were taken. The fatty acid profile, texture, and quality traits were analyzed. Corn DDGS affected drip loss. Beef tallow and coconut oil improved water holding capacity and drip loss and increased fat content, compared to the control group. The dietary fat type affected the fatty acid composition, iodine value, and consequently some quality traits of meat. However, these relationships varied. Fat content in the meat was inversely correlated with shear force and texture parameters, but positively with tenderness and juiciness. The fatty acid profile significantly influenced cohesiveness, chewiness, resilience and sensory traits, which were the most beneficial in meat with higher fat content and higher fat saturation index.
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20
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Effects of Flaxseed and Multi-Carbohydrase Enzymes on the Cecal Microbiota and Liver Inflammation of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030600. [PMID: 33668845 PMCID: PMC7996337 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wheat and flaxseed are used worldwide to produce omega-3 (ω-3) enriched poultry meat and eggs, however, wheat and flaxseed contain some anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). In addition, the supplementation of feed additive including enzymes usually alleviate the deleterious influence of ANFs. Therefore, we conducted the current study of laying hens fed with two diets (corn/flaxseed and wheat/flaxseed, supplemented with three enzymes), for a period of 10 weeks. Here, we found a clear increase in the fat weight of birds fed with corn diet as compared with wheat diet. Moreover, a high level of secretory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 and comparatively higher inflammatory changes in the liver tissue were found in birds fed with corn diet as compared with wheat diet. The gut microbial composition of hens fed with corn diet was clearly different than that of birds fed a wheat diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inflammatory changes in laying birds were mediated by a corn diet with flaxseed and enzymes instead of a wheat diet. Additionally, in the wheat-fed group, enzyme-b and -c showed more encouraging results as compared to enzyme-a indicating that wheat diet might be a preferable diet for commercial layers poultry farms. Abstract Background: The use of wheat and flaxseed to produce omega-3 (ω-3) enriched poultry meat and eggs is very popular in the world. However, wheat and flaxseed contain some anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and enzymes are usually used to alleviate the deleterious influence of ANFs. Method: A 2 × 3 two factors design was used in the experiment. A total of 540 twenty-week-old Nongda-3 laying hens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments, two diets (corn/flaxseed and wheat/flaxseed), and three enzymes (enzyme-a contains neutral protease 10,000, xylanase 35,000, β-mannanase 1500, β-glucanase 2000, cellulose 500, amylase 100, and pectinase 10,000 (U g−1); enzyme-b contains alkaline protease 40,000 and neutral protease 10,000 (U g−1); enzyme-c contains alkaline protease 40,000, neutral protease 10,000, and cellulase 4000 (U g−1). Results: There was an interaction between dietary treatment and supplemental enzymes for liver weight and liver inflammatory cytokines of broilers. A significant increase was observed in the fat weight of birds fed a corn diet as compared with a wheat diet. A corn diet and wheat diet with the addition of enzyme-a (p < 0.001) showed the highest level of liver fat followed by enzyme-c (p < 0.01) and enzyme-b. Moreover, a high level of secretory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 and comparatively higher inflammatory changes in the liver tissue were found in birds fed a corn diet as compared with a wheat diet, and enzyme-b showed more beneficial effects as compared with enzyme-a and -c. The gut microbial composition of hens fed a corn diet was significantly different than that of birds fed a wheat diet. Bacteroides were significantly (p < 0.05) abundant in the corn-fed birds as compared with wheat-fed birds. However, Firmicutes were less abundant in the wheat-fed birds than the corn-fed birds (16.99 vs. 31.80%, respectively). The microbial community at the genus level differed significantly in the dietary groups and we observed that Bacteroides are the predominant cecal microbiota. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of co-factors, carbohydrates, vitamins, protein, and energy were expressed at slightly higher levels in the microbiota of the wheat-fed birds, whereas, metabolic pathways for nucleotides, lipids, and glycine were expressed at higher levels in the wheat-fed birds. Furthermore, expression of the growth and cellular processes pathway and endocrine system pathway levels were predicted to be higher for the wheat-fed group as compared with the corn-fed group. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that inflammatory changes in laying birds were mediated by a corn diet with flaxseed and enzymes instead of a wheat diet. Additionally, in the wheat-fed group, enzyme-b and -c showed more encouraging results as compared to enzyme-a.
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21
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Supplemental carbohydrase enzyme and methionine in broilers fed flaxseed: effects on growth performance, nutrient retention, muscle lipids, and jejunal morphology. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Gheorghe A, Lefter NA, Idriceanu L, Ropotă M, Hăbeanu M. Effects of dietary extruded linseed and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, carcass traits, plasma lipoprotein response, and caecal bacterial populations in broiler chicks. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1801359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gheorghe
- Laboratorul de Nutriție Animală, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - N. A. Lefter
- Laboratorul de Nutriție Animală, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - L. Idriceanu
- Laboratorul de Nutriție Animală, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - M. Ropotă
- Laboratorul de Chimie și Fiziologie Nutrițională, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - M. Hăbeanu
- Laboratorul de Nutriție Animală, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
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23
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Oonincx DG, Laurent S, Veenenbos ME, van Loon JJ. Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:500-509. [PMID: 30801963 PMCID: PMC7216978 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and feed. However, commercially produced insects are often low in n-3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n-6/n-3 ratios. A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human health. Flaxseed oil consists primarily (57%) out of alpha-linolenic acid. An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n-6/n-3 ratio. Three species were used in the experiment: house crickets (Acheta domesticus [L.]), lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus [Pfanzer]) and black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens [L.]). These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%, 2%, or 4% flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal stage. Fatty acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via GC-MS. The three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets, but responded similarly to flaxseed oil addition. For each percent added to the diet, the alpha-linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%-2.7%. Four percent addition increased the n-3 fatty acid content 10-20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n-6/n-3 ratios from 18-36 to 0.8-2.4. A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2% flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms, and at 1% inclusion for black soldier flies. Adding a source of n-3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G.A.B. Oonincx
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Sophie Laurent, ONIRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France
| | - Margot E. Veenenbos
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joop J.A. van Loon
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
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Semjon B, Bartkovský M, Marcinčáková D, Klempová T, Bujňák L, Hudák M, Jaďuttová I, Čertík M, Marcinčák S. Effect of Solid-State Fermented Wheat Bran Supplemented with Agrimony Extract on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060942. [PMID: 32485889 PMCID: PMC7341497 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current work evaluates the application of solid-state fermented wheat bran supplemented with agrimony extract in broiler nutrition. Broiler production parameters, blood and bone variables and meat quality were analysed. The quality of breast and thigh meat was evaluated by the use of physicochemical variables, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and sensory variables. The presented results showed that supplementation of the broiler diet with fermented feed positively influenced the quality of the produced breast and thigh meat. The application of fermented feed increased the nutritional value of broiler chicken meat, as shown via the positive modification of the fatty acid profile, without affecting sensory quality. Abstract The impact of the broiler diet modification on the following parameters was evaluated: meat quality, carcass traits, and bone and blood parameters. One hundred twenty one-day-old COBB 500 broiler chickens were assigned to three experimental groups (40 birds per group) with four replications (10 per pen) for 35 days of fattening. The control (C) was fed a basic feed mixture. The diet supplemented with 10% of fermented feed (FF10) and additionally supported by 0.2% of agrimony extract (FF10 + AE) was applied to the second and third groups, respectively. FF10 showed both a lower average daily feed intake and total feed consumption when compared to that of C (p < 0.05). Lower concentration of alkaline-phosphatase and calcium and higher total lipids and triglycerides in blood were observed in FF10 + AE. Breast and thigh meat showed a lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acid n-3 and n-6 in the FF10 + AE group (p < 0.01). The increase of gamma-linolenic acid content in breast and thigh meat samples obtained from the experimental groups was significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05; respectively). Lower lipid oxidation was observed in the thigh muscle of the FF10 + AE group on the first day of storage (p < 0.01). The current study indicates that FF10 + AE supplementation can be successfully applied to enhance broiler performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Semjon
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (M.B.); (I.J.)
| | - Martin Bartkovský
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (M.B.); (I.J.)
| | - Dana Marcinčáková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Tatiana Klempová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (M.Č.)
| | - Lukáš Bujňák
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Animal Breeding University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (L.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Marek Hudák
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Animal Breeding University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (L.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Iveta Jaďuttová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (M.B.); (I.J.)
| | - Milan Čertík
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (M.Č.)
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (M.B.); (I.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-915-984-756
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Adeyemi KD, Abdulrahman A, Ibrahim SO, Zubair MF, Atolani O, Badmos AA. Dietary Supplementation ofTetracarpidium conophorum(African Walnut) Seed Enhances Muscle n‐3 Fatty Acids in Broiler Chickens. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem D. Adeyemi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Abdulraheem Abdulrahman
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Sulyman O. Ibrahim
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Marili F. Zubair
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Abdulhammed A. Badmos
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara PMB 1515 Nigeria
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Effects of Dietary Hemp Seed and Flaxseed on Growth Performance, Meat Fatty Acid Compositions, Liver Tocopherol Concentration and Bone Strength of Cockerels. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030458. [PMID: 32164238 PMCID: PMC7142581 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of hemp seed (HS) of the nonpsychotropic variety Futura and extruded flaxseed (EF) in the diet of cockerels on cockerel growth performance, breast muscle and liver α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations, breast muscle fatty acid concentrations and tibia strength. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male Ross 308 cockerels are equally allocated into six groups. Each group has three replicates of 30 cockerels in pens with litter. The formulated diets are isoenergetic (the metabolisable energy ranged from 12.4 to 12.8 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenic (the protein concentration ranged from 209.7 to 210.9 g/kg) and provided ad libitum. During the experiment, which lasts 35 days, the control group is fed a diet without EF or HS. Rapeseed oil was the lipid source in the control diet. The diet for the second group contains EF at 60 g/kg, the diet for the third group contains HS at 40 g/kg, and the diets for the fourth to sixth groups contain HS and EF at 30 and 60 g/kg, 40 and 60 g/kg and 50 and 60 g/kg, respectively. At the end of the experiment, 15 cockerels of average weight are slaughtered per group, and the breast muscle, liver and tibia bone are dissected for chemical analyses. The all dietary combination of HS and EF increases (p < 0.001) cockerel body weight (2375-2493 g) more than HS alone (2174 g) or EF alone (2254 g). A similar finding is observed for the diet composition and tocopherol content in the liver, but the doses of HS required to achieve this effect are higher (40 and 50 g/kg). The tocopherol content in the breast muscle is not influenced by the diet. The dietary combination of 60 g/kg EF and 40 g/kg HS results in the most promising findings of the experiment, since it leads to the lowest n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (p < 0.001; 1.75). Incorporation of HS into the diet increases cockerel tibia strength (p < 0.001), which is of great practical importance due to the frequent occurrence of limb fractures. To conclude, the dietary supplementation with 40 g/kg HS and 60 g/kg EF improves cockerel performance, meat and bone quality and deposition of α-tocopherol in the liver.
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Bouzghaya S, Amri M, Homblé F. Improvement of Diabetes Symptoms and Complications by an Aqueous Extract of Linum usitatissimum (L.) Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:1077-1082. [PMID: 32109173 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been made to show the role of raw flaxseed and flaxseed extracts in health promotion, identification of mechanism(s) of action and molecule(s) underpinning beneficial effects largely remain unknown. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an aqueous flaxseed extract (AFE) to correct alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. Mice were divided into five groups: one nondiabetic (negative control) and four diabetic. Diabetic mice were treated with AFE, gallic acid (GA) (major component of AFE), insulin (positive control), or remained untreated (positive control). Oral administration of AFE strongly improved serum glucose, oral glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, body weight, and polyphagia in diabetic mice. AFE was effective in controlling lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in liver and kidney, which undergo diabetes-related complications due to hyperglycemia. These results demonstrated that GA alone was sufficient to account for the beneficial health effects of AFE against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Bouzghaya
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.,Faculty of Science, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit, UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fabrice Homblé
- SFMB, Free University of Brussels (ULB), CP 206/02, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhai SS, Zhou T, Li MM, Zhu YW, Li MC, Feng PS, Zhang XF, Ye H, Wang WC, Yang L. Fermentation of flaxseed cake increases its nutritional value and utilization in ducklings. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5636-5647. [PMID: 31237336 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed cake (FSC) is a potential alternative feed source in poultry. However, cyanogenetic glycosides limit its widespread use in feed. In this study, we optimized the parameters of fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis and compared the growth performance, serum lipid parameters, and organ indexes of Cherry Valley duckling feed with unfermented FSC (UFSC) or fermented FSC (FFSC). A total of 420 one-day-old male Cherry Valley ducklings were randomly assigned into a 1 plus 2 × 3 factorial design including 2 different FSC resources (UFSC and FFSC) at 3 levels (50, 100, or 150 g/kg) for 3 wk. Each treatment group included 6 pens with 10 ducklings per pen. The hydrocyanic acid (HCN) level was reduced under the following conditions: 1:0.8 FSC:water (w:v), inoculum ratio of 1 mL:1 mL, 30°C, and 60 h. FFSC had higher crude protein (CP) and calcium (Ca) levels and lower HCN levels compared with UFSC (P < 0.05). There was no interactive effect between FSC sources and levels on growth performance. Final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG) in UFSC groups and ADFI in FFSC groups decreased linearly with increasing FSC levels (P < 0.01). There were no differences in FBW, ADG, or feed:gain ratio (F/G) among FFSC groups, and all 7 FSC groups had no differences in the F/G ratio (P > 0.05). Dietary FSC supplementation decreased triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.01). No interactive effect between FSC levels and sources was observed for serum TG, TC, HDL, or LDL. Ducklings fed FFSC had lower TG (P < 0.01), TC (P = 0.05), and LDL (P < 0.01) levels compared with ducklings fed UFSC. The 150 g/kg FFSC group had the lowest TG, TC, HDL, and LDL levels among all 7 groups. Flaxseed cake supplementation decreased the relative weight of the left breast, but FFSC increased the relative weight of the gizzard compared with UFSC. In conclusion, fermentation could increase the nutritional value and usage of FSC in ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Zhai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - T Zhou
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - M M Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Y W Zhu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - M C Li
- Dayitongchuang Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - P S Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - X F Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - H Ye
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - W C Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Shahid MS, Wu Y, Xiao Z, Raza T, Dong X, Yuan J. Duration of the flaxseed diet promotes deposition of n-3 fatty acids in the meat and skin of Peking ducks. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3590. [PMID: 31839790 PMCID: PMC6901031 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3, have beneficial effects on human health, and for this reason foodstuffs with increased content of n-3 PUFA are now very common and widely available. DESIGN This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the duration of a flaxseed diet on Peking duck's growth performance, antioxidant status, gene expression, and fatty acid profile of the meat. A total of 792 12-day-old white Peking ducks were divided into four groups. In the control group, animals were provided with a basal diet. In the three experimental groups, animals were fed a 10% flax seed diet with vitamin E at 13, 23, and 33 days of age for 30, 20, and 10 days, respectively. RESULTS The growth performance of the ducks decreased with flaxseed diet's duration. Both body weight and body weight gain decreased linearly while Feed conversion ratios (FCR) increased in the group of ducks fed flaxseed compared to control ducks. Serum triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) linearly decreased while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels increased by feeding flaxseed up to 30 days. The expression of lipin-1 gene (LPIN-1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) linearly increased in ducks fed flaxseed for 30 days. Linolenic acid (n-3) and its long-chain metabolites like eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 fatty acids (FA) linearly increased while the ratio of n-6 to n-3 was reduced with increased duration of flaxseed supplementation. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that increasing the duration of flaxseed diet with vitamin E for more than 10 days had a mild adverse effect on duck's growth performance but enrichedits meat with long-chain PUFA and decreased the n-6 to n-3 ratio, providing quality meat for health-conscious consumers. A period of 20 days is good for producing n-3 enriched Peking duck meat and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tausif Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Changes in Lipase and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during Processing of Cantonese Sausage with D-Sodium Erythorbate. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1671603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork was used as raw material to produce Cantonese sausage, with additions of 0.05% or 0.1% D-sodium erythorbate. The oxidation indices (peroxide value, TBARS value, carbonyl value, and conjugated dienes value) and enzyme activity (total phospholipase, acid lipase, neutral lipase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were measured in the sausages at different processing periods. The results showed slowed lipid oxidation in the presence of D-sodium erythorbate, inhibition of total phospholipase, acid lipase, and neutral lipase activities, and increased superoxide dismutase activity, with little change in glutathione peroxidase activities. When increasing D-sodium erythorbate, the superoxide dismutase activity was negatively correlated with the peroxide value at 5 h (P<0.01), the neutral lipase activity was positively correlated with the conjugated dienes value at 15 h (P<0.01), and the total phospholipase activity was positively correlated with the peroxide value at 30 h (P<0.01). This study explored the antioxidant effect of D-sodium erythorbate and provides a theoretical foundation to improve the quality of Cantonese sausage.
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Pires MA, Santos IRD, Barros JC, Trindade MA. Effect of replacing pork backfat with Echium oil on technological and sensory characteristics of bologna sausages with reduced sodium content. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Yin D, Shahid MS, Yuan J. Flaxseed diet caused inflammation by altering the gut microbiota of Peking ducks. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:520-531. [PMID: 31253055 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1634579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study why flaxseed supplementation causes adverse effects on the performance of poultry, we investigated the gut microbiota of Peking ducks after consumption of a flaxseed diet. A total of 792, 12-day-old white Peking ducks were divided into four groups. In the control group, birds were provided with a basal diet. In the three experimental groups, the birds were fed flaxseed containing diet (10% flaxseed and 90% basal diet) for 30, 20 and 10 d, respectively. On day 42, ceca were collected to evaluate the bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota using microbial 16S rDNA gene profiling; serums were obtained to determine the levels of inflammatory mediators. The flaxseed diet decreased the alpha diversity and shifted the predominant genera of the gut microbiota. Flaxseed-fed groups had higher abundances of Escherichia/Shigella (p < 0.1) and Campylobacter (p < 0.05) than the control group. The abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Veillonellaceae increased (p < 0.05) at first and then decreased (p < 0.05) with prolonged flaxseed supplementation. The levels of prostaglandin E2 and Leukotriene B4 in serum showed the same pattern as that of the pro-inflammatory bacteria. In conclusion, flaxseed diets are associated with inflammation by altering the cecal microbiota dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wu
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Yin
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Khan SA. Inclusion of pyridoxine to flaxseed cake in poultry feed improves productivity of omega-3 enriched eggs. Bioinformation 2019; 15:333-341. [PMID: 31249435 PMCID: PMC6589472 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed cake produced during flax oil production is rich in protein, and could be utilized in the production of omega-3 enriched eggs or value added eggs. But the presence of anti-nutrients in flaxseed cake adversely affects the bird and egg characteristics. Supplementation of pyridoxine may prove beneficial as noted by earlier research. In our study, we divided 30 layer birds into three groups and supplemented them with different combination feeds containing: (A) control ration, (B) fresh flax seed cake with pyridoxine and (C) fresh flax seed cake without pyridoxine. Crushed 2% flaxseed was also added to the flaxseed cake groups for deposition of sufficient omega-3 fatty acids into the eggs. Supplementation was given for a period of 4 weeks and egg as well as bird characteristics observed. Birds fed pyridoxine showed better incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids into the egg yolk. Supplementation of flaxseed cake with pyridoxine resulted in better yields of omega-3 eggs as well as improved health of layer birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Aziz Khan
- Applied Nutrition Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
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Kumar F, Tyagi PK, Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Dev K, Bera I, Biswas AK, Sharma D, Mandal AB, Deo C. Role of Flaxseed Meal Feeding for Different Durations in the Lipid Deposition and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faneshwar Kumar
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Praveen K. Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Nasir Akbar Mir
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Pramod K. Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Indrajit Bera
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Ashim K. Biswas
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Chandra Deo
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
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Marcinčák S, Klempová T, Bartkovský M, Marcinčáková D, Zdolec N, Popelka P, Mačanga J, Čertík M. Effect of Fungal Solid-State Fermented Product in Broiler Chicken Nutrition on Quality and Safety of Produced Breast Meat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2609548. [PMID: 30276201 PMCID: PMC6151372 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2609548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of addition of 10% (w/w) fermented bioproduct into commercial broiler feed on fatty acid profile, lipid oxidative stability, and sensory properties of chicken breast meat. The fermented bioproduct was prepared by fermentation of cornmeal by filamentous fungi Umbelopsis isabellina CCF 2412 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) process and the final bioproduct was enriched with gamma-linolenic acid and beta-carotene. In the experiment, 80 pieces of 1-day-old chickens COBB 500 were used. Half of them (control group) were fed only with commercial feed. Chickens of the experimental group were fed with commercial feed, and, from the 11th day of age until the time of slaughter (39th day), 10% of commercial feed was replaced with fermented bioproduct. Application of fermented bioproduct into commercial feed mixture positively influenced profile of fatty acids in breast meat. The amount of gamma-linolenic, alpha-linolenic, and oleic acids in fat of breast muscles was increased and n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly decreased. Profile and content of PUFAs did not change after thermal treatment of meat. Oxidative stability of fat and sensory properties of the meat during the storage (4°C, 7 days) of meat were not affected by fermented bioproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Klempová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bartkovský
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Marcinčáková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nevijo Zdolec
- Department of Hygiene, Technology and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mačanga
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Milan Čertík
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Biswas AK, Tyagi PK, Mandal AB, Kumar F, Sharma D, Biswas A, Verma AK. Inclusion of Flaxseed, Broken Rice, and Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Broiler Chicken Ration Alters the Fatty Acid Profile, Oxidative Stability, and Other Functional Properties of Meat. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Akbar Mir
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Praveen K. Tyagi
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashim K. Biswas
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pramod K. Tyagi
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A. B. Mandal
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Faneshwar Kumar
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arun K. Verma
- Central Institute for Research on Goats; Makhdoom 281122 Uttar Pradesh India
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Jankowski J, Zduńczyk Z, Mikulski D, Juśkiewicz J, Pomianowski JF, Zduńczyk P. Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and sensory quality of breast meat from turkeys fed diets with graded levels of flaxseed oil for different periods of time. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of partial or complete substitution (2.5% and 5%, respectively) of flaxseed oil for soybean oil on the fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and sensory quality of turkey breast meat was studied. Turkeys were fed experimental diets for 3, 4, 5 or 6 weeks before being slaughtered at 16 weeks of age. The percentages of α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the total fatty acid pool of meat were determined by dietary intake and feeding duration. Even a prolonged dietary treatment with 5% flaxseed oil did not significantly increase the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content of the turkey meat and did not have a detrimental effect on the sensory properties. The recommended n-6 : n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (<4 : 1) in turkey meat can be easily achieved by feeding turkeys a diet containing 2.5% flaxseed oil for 3 weeks. To maintain the above ratio and increase eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in the meat, the diet should contain 5% flaxseed oil.
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Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Biswas AK, Tyagi PK, Mandal AB, Sheikh SA, Deo C, Sharma D, Verma AK. Impact of feeding chromium supplemented flaxseed based diet on fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and other functional properties of broiler chicken meat. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3899-3907. [PMID: 29085132 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 240 broiler chicken of same hatch with uniform weight were used in a biological experiment with completely randomized design to investigate the effects of incorporating organic chromium (Cr) in flaxseed meal based diet on the fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and functional properties of broiler chicken meat. Five diets were formulated as per the recommendations of BIS (Nutrient requirements for poultry 13: 9863, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1992) in which flaxseed meal was used to replace 10% of soyabean in basal diet and four levels of Cr (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg diet) as Cr-picolinate were used. The results revealed that flaxseed feeding significantly increased the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, including MUFA, PUFA, ω-3, ω-6 fatty acids and ω-3:ω-6 and PUFA:SFA ratios, whereas, significant decline was seen in saturated fatty acids and no effect of Cr was observed on the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken. Flaxseed feeding significantly reduced the cholesterol and fat percentage of meat, whereas, significant progressive reduction was observed with increasing Cr levels. The combination of 10% flaxseed with 1.0 mg Cr/kg diet increased the final pH of broiler meat. The addition of flaxseed significantly reduced water holding capacity, extract release volume and antioxidant potential of broiler meat, whereas, increasing Cr supplementation progressively increased them. Flaxseed feeding significantly increased the drip loss and lipid peroxidation of broiler meat, whereas, Cr supplementation decreased them. It was concluded that inclusion of 10% flaxseed and 1.5 mg Cr/kg diet results in desirable fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and functional properties of broiler chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Akbar Mir
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Praveen K Tyagi
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - A K Biswas
- Division of Post-Harvest Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Pramod K Tyagi
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - A B Mandal
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sajad A Sheikh
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Chandra Deo
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Division of Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - A K Verma
- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122 India
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MIR NA, TYAGI PK, BISWAS AK, TYAGI PK, MANDAL AB, KUMAR F, DEO C, BISWAS A. Effect of feeding broken rice and distillers dried grains with solubles in a flaxseed-based diet on the growth performance, production efficiency, carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation of meat, and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1701-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Parveen R, Khan MI, Anjum FM, Sheikh MA. Investigating potential roles of extruded flaxseed and α-tocopherol acetate supplementation for production of healthier broiler meat. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:566-75. [PMID: 27108741 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1180669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of extruded flaxseed (EFS) and α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) for the enhancement of polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (PUFA) over saturated fatty acids (SFA) in broiler meat as a source of healthier meat. A total of 96 one-d-old Cobb 550 broilers were randomly divided into 8 treatments with three replicates having 4 birds in each. EFS (extruded at 155°C) at 100, 150 and 200 g/kg alone and in combination with ATA at 200 mg/kg were supplemented through normal feed from the third week onward. During the 6-week growth period, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were recorded. At slaughter, weight of liver, heart and kidney and fat content in breast and leg meat were measured. Fatty acid profiles in breast and leg meat were developed to estimate the PUFA to SFA ratio. The results revealed that FI and FCR changed significantly in all groups and BWG increased in all the supplemented groups. The weight of liver, kidney and heart increased more in the supplemented group containing the maximum level of EFS with ATA compared with single supplementation of EFS. The fat content in breast and leg meat decreased as the inclusion level of EFS increased. The level was low in leg meat compared with breast meat. Mortality decreased in all supplemented groups. The PUFA to SFA ratio was significantly higher in leg meat (3.23) compared with breast meat (1.81) and the study therefore indicates that ATA and EFS supplementation could be used to improve the PUFA to SFA ratio in broiler meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parveen
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - F M Anjum
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - M A Sheikh
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Bernardi DM, Bertol TM, Pflanzer SB, Sgarbieri VC, Pollonio MAR. ω-3 in meat products: benefits and effects on lipid oxidative stability. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2620-2634. [PMID: 26676414 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although ω-3 intake has been associated with numerous health benefits, its addition to certain food matrices, and in particular meat products, may involve various technological barriers influencing the final quality of the products. Lipid oxidation must be highlighted due to the modification of both the sensory characteristics and the shelf-life of meat products. In order to reduce the impact of chemical changes and promote oxidative stability, the use of natural antioxidants has gained ground owing to the health and safety advantages linked to its effectiveness at reducing lipid oxidation. Many natural compounds have also been successfully tested in animal feed, in order to protect the raw meat materials and reduce the risk of lipid oxidation in processed products. This review aims to address the challenges and advantages of the incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids in raw meat materials and processed meat products, and to describe the use of different compounds to enhance lipid oxidative stability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miotto Bernardi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Marisa Bertol
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, BR 153, KM 110, Vila Tamanduá, 89700-000, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdemiro Carlos Sgarbieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shafey TM, Al-Batshan HA, Farhan AM. The Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Meal on Liver and Egg Yolk Fatty Acid Profiles, Immune Response and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed M.S. Farhan
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shafey TM, Mahmoud AH, Hussein ES, Suliman G. The Performance and Characteristics of Carcass and Breast Meat of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Flaxseed Meal. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gatrell SK, Kim J, Derksen TJ, O'Neil EV, Lei XG. Creating ω-3 Fatty-Acid-Enriched Chicken Using Defatted Green Microalgal Biomass. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9315-9322. [PMID: 26395320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was to create an ω-3 (n-3) fatty-acid-enriched chicken product using defatted green microalgae (DGA, Nannochloropsis oceanica) biomass out of biofuel research. Hatching Ross broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, or 16% DGA for 6 weeks (n = 6 cages/diet). The DGA inclusion resulted in a linear (p < 0.001) increase in total n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma, liver, breast, and thigh at weeks 3 and 6. The increase in the breast EPA + DHA by the 16% DGA diet reached 60-fold (p < 0.0001) over the control. The 8 and 4% DGA diets elevated (p < 0.05) liver mRNA levels of Δ-9 (88%) and Δ-6 (96) desaturases. In conclusion, 8-16% of the DGA can be added in diets for broilers to produce a n-3 fatty-acid-enriched chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Gatrell
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - JongGun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Theodore J Derksen
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eleanore V O'Neil
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Shen Y, Wan H, Zhu J, Fang Z, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Li J, Wu D. Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets. Lipids 2015; 50:647-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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