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Lagoda ME, O’Driscoll K, Galli MC, Marchewka J, Boyle LA. Indicators of improved gestation housing of sows. Part I: Effects on behaviour, skin lesions, locomotion, and tear staining. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e51. [PMID: 38487409 PMCID: PMC10938266 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Commercial gestation housing systems for sows generally fail to cater fully for their needs in terms of comfort or the ability to perform highly motivated behaviours, which can lead to chronic stress and an impairment to welfare. We compared a typical gestation system (CONTROL) with an IMPROVED one as regards oral stereotypies, aggressive behaviour, skin lesions, locomotion, and tear staining. Sows were mixed into 12 stable groups (six groups per treatment, 20 sows per group), 29 days post-service in pens with free-access, full-length individual feeding/lying stalls. CONTROL pens had fully slatted concrete floors, with two blocks of wood and two chains suspended in the group area. IMPROVED pens were the same but with rubber mats and a length of manila rope in each feeding stall, and straw provided in three racks in the group area. Direct observations of oral stereotypical (30 instantaneous scans per sow per day) and aggressive (all-occurrence sampling, 3 h per sow per day) behaviours were conducted 72 h post-mixing, in mid and late gestation. Skin lesions were counted 24 h and three weeks post-mixing, and in late gestation. Sows' locomotion (locomotory ability) was scored using a visual analogue scale in mid and late gestation. Right and left eye tear staining was scored in late gestation. Indications of better welfare in IMPROVED sows included performance of fewer oral stereotypies in mid and late gestation, and lower tear stain scores. These sows performed more aggression in late gestation, which was associated with access to enrichment, but skin lesion counts were not affected. Thus, the changes made in the IMPROVED treatment benefitted aspects of sow welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna E Lagoda
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behaviour, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec 05-552
| | - Keelin O’Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria C Galli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behaviour, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec 05-552
| | - Laura A Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
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Lagoda ME, O’Driscoll K, Galli MC, Cerón JJ, Ortín-Bustillo A, Marchewka J, Boyle LA. Indicators of improved gestation housing of sows. Part II: Effects on physiological measures, reproductive performance and health of the offspring. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e52. [PMID: 38487422 PMCID: PMC10936399 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal stress is the mechanism through which poor welfare of pregnant sows has detrimental effects on the health and resilience of their piglets. We compared two gestation housing systems (IMPROVED versus [conventional] CONTROL) in terms of sow stress and welfare indicators and sought to determine whether potential benefits to the sows would translate into improved offspring health. Sows were mixed into 12 stable groups (six groups per treatment, 20 sows per group) 29 days post-service in pens with free-access, full-length individual feeding/lying-stalls. CONTROL pens had fully slatted concrete floors, with two blocks of wood and two chains suspended in the group area. IMPROVED pens were the same but with rubber mats and manila rope in each stall, and straw provided in three racks in the group area. Saliva was collected from each sow on day 80 of pregnancy and analysed for haptoglobin. Hair cortisol was measured in late gestation. Sows' right and left eyes were scored for tear staining in mid lactation and at weaning. Numbers of piglets born alive, dead, mummified, and total born were recorded. Piglets were weighed and scored for vitality and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) at birth. Presence of diarrhoea in farrowing pens was scored every second day throughout the suckling period. IMPROVED sows had lower haptoglobin levels and tear-stain scores during lactation. IMPROVED sows produced fewer mummified piglets, and these had significantly lower IUGR scores, and scored lower for diarrhoea than piglets of CONTROL sows. Hence, improving sow welfare during gestation improved the health and performance of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna E Lagoda
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behaviour, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec 05-552
| | - Keelin O’Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria C Galli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100Murcia, Spain
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Animal Behaviour, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec 05-552
| | - Laura A Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
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Vasdal G, Newberry RC, Estevez I, Kittelsen K, Marchewka J. The Aviary Transect - A practical welfare assessment tool to improve the management of cage-free laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102659. [PMID: 37030260 PMCID: PMC10105483 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aviary Transect (AT) is a method for assessing welfare in cage-free laying hen flocks, and comprises standardized walks along each aisle screening the flock for selected welfare indicators: feather loss (FL) on head, back, breast, and tail, wounds on head, back, tail, and feet, dirty plumage, enlarged crop, sickness, and birds found dead. The method is quick (20 min for a flock of 7,500 hens), has good interobserver agreement and shows positive correlations with individual bird sampling methods. However, it is less clear whether AT can be used to detect differences in flock health and welfare related to housing and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate how AT findings varied in relation to 23 selected housing, management, environmental, and production factors. The study was conducted on 33 commercial nonbeak-trimmed, white-feathered layer flocks of similar age (70-76 wk) kept in multitiered aviaries in Norway. The most prevalent findings across flocks were feather loss on the back (mean 0.97% of flock) and breast (0.94%) followed by feather loss on the head (0.45%) and tail (0.36%) with differences in feather pecking damage according to the hybrid used (P < 0.05). Better litter quality was associated with a lower prevalence of feather loss on the head and breast (P < 0.05), and addition of fresh litter during the production cycle resulted in fewer birds with feather loss on the head (P < 0.05) and tail (P < 0.001). Lower dust levels were linked to a lower prevalence of feather loss on the head, back, and breast (P < 0.05), and when access to the floor area underneath the aviary was provided at an earlier stage of production, fewer birds had wounds (P < 0.001), but more birds were observed with an enlarged crop (P < 0.05) and found dead (P < 0.05). In conclusion, findings from AT showed that results of the assessment varied according to housing conditions. These results support the validity of AT as a relevant welfare assessment tool for evaluating cage-free management practices.
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Marchewka J, Sztandarski P, Solka M, Louton H, Rath K, Vogt L, Rauch E, Ruijter D, de Jong IC, Horbańczuk JO. Linking key husbandry factors to the intrinsic quality of broiler meat. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102384. [PMID: 36565632 PMCID: PMC9801217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler farming is the fastest-growing animal production sector and broiler meat is the second most-consumed meat in the world. The intensification of broiler production often has a negative impact on the meat quality and carcass characteristics. Consumers, however, expect a quality product from animals reared extensively on farms providing good animal welfare, often intuitively associated with extensive farming practices. Therefore, this literature review investigates how the critical factors contributing to the degree of extensiveness of broiler production affect the quality of meat. We used the data from scientific articles published in the years 2012-2021 to analyze the effect of diet (n = 409), genetics (n = 86), enrichment (n = 25), and stocking density (n = 20) on meat quality and carcass characteristics. Minerals and microelements supplementation in the diet improved all the meat quality aspects: sensory, physical, and chemical in most studies. Minerals and enzymes in the diet had beneficial effects on carcass characteristics, unlike feed restriction and ingredient substitutions. The impact of outdoor access on meat quality and carcass characteristics was most frequently examined, in contrast to the use of perches or effects of litter quality. Overall, enrichment did not affect the meat's sensory or physical parameters, but outdoor access improved its lipid composition. Lower stocking density deteriorated intramuscular fat content, decreased tenderness and juiciness, yet lowered cooking and drip loss, and increased carcass and breast muscle yields. When it comes to genetics, in general, slow growing broiler strains have better meat quality parameters, especially regarding yellowness (b*), redness (a*), cooking and drip loss. Our review shows that the factors which contribute to extensiveness of broiler production systems and birds' welfare also affect meat quality and the carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Magdalena Solka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland,Corresponding authors:
| | - Helen Louton
- Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Rath
- Quality assurance animal welfare, Naturland – Association for Organic Agriculture e.V., 82166 Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Lukas Vogt
- Quality assurance animal welfare, Naturland – Association for Organic Agriculture e.V., 82166 Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Elke Rauch
- Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Dionne Ruijter
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C. de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Sztandarski P, Marchewka J, Konieczka P, Zdanowska-Sąsiadek Ż, Damaziak K, Riber AB, Gunnarsson S, Horbańczuk JO. Gut microbiota activity in chickens from two genetic lines and with outdoor-preferring, moderate-preferring, and indoor-preferring ranging profiles. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102039. [PMID: 35952604 PMCID: PMC9385685 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existing research into the gut microbiome of meat chickens, the associations between gut microbiome composition, its activity and chicken outdoor ranging frequency remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota composition, activity and metabolic products in chickens of 2 different lines and 3 ranging profiles. Sixty non-beak trimmed birds, either Sasso or Green-legged Partridge were housed with access to outdoor ranges from wk. 5 to 10 of age. Outdoor ranges were video recorded to obtain frequencies of the birds’ range use. The information about relative abundance of selected bacterial groups in the ceca including Lactobacillus spp., E. coli, Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium spp. was obtained with the PCR method. Gut microbiota activity was assessed based on the glycolytic activity of bacterial enzymes including, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase as well as based on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caecal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted by generalized linear mixed models, applying the breed and ranging profile as fixed effects and pen as a random factor. The lowest relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was found in the cecal content of indoor-preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001), as compared to all other birds in the experiment (ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.07; P = 0.0002). The lowest relative abundance of E. coli was identified for all outdoor-preferring birds and indoor- preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001; P = 0.0087). Cecal activity of: α-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase was higher in Green-legged Partridges, as compared to Sasso (P = 0.013; P = 0.008; P = 0.004). Valeric acid concentrations were higher in moderate Green-legged Partridges than in Sasso of the same ranging profile (2.03 ± 0.16 vs. 1.5 ± 0.17; 0.016). The majority of the current results confirmed an effect of genotype and ranging profile on the various analyzed parameters. In outdoor-preferring birds, the consumption of pasture originating feed sources as a supplement to the indoor accessible cereal-based diet likely caused the positive effects on the birds’ microbial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Żaneta Zdanowska-Sąsiadek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anja B Riber
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), S-532 23 Skara, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Lagoda ME, Marchewka J, O'Driscoll K, Boyle LA. Risk Factors for Chronic Stress in Sows Housed in Groups, and Associated Risks of Prenatal Stress in Their Offspring. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883154. [PMID: 35498729 PMCID: PMC9039259 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has a detrimental effect on sow welfare and productivity, as well as on the welfare and resilience of their piglets, mediated prenatally. Despite this, the specific risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows are understudied. Group-housed pregnant sows continuously face numerous challenges associated with aspects of the physical (group type and size, flooring, feeding system) and social (stocking density, mixing strategy) environment. There are many well-known potent stressors for pigs that likely contribute to chronic, physiological stress, including overcrowding, hot temperatures, feed restriction, inability to forage, uncomfortable floors, and poor handling. Some of these stressors also contribute to the development of production diseases such as lameness, which in turn are also likely causes of chronic stress because of the associated pain and difficulty accessing resources. The aim of this review is to discuss potential risk factors for chronic stress in pregnant sows such as space allowance, group size and type (stable/dynamic), feeding level, lameness, pen design, feed system, enrichment and rooting material, floor type, the quality of stockmanship, environmental conditions, and individual sow factors. The mechanisms of action of both chronic and prenatal stress, as well as the effects of the latter on offspring are also discussed. Gaps in existing research and recommendations for future work are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Ewa Lagoda
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Keelin O'Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Laura Ann Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
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Vasdal G, Marchewka J, Newberry RC, Estevez I, Kittelsen K. Developing a novel welfare assessment tool for loose-housed laying hens - the Aviary Transect method. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101533. [PMID: 34784510 PMCID: PMC8605232 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared welfare assessment results in aviary flocks using 3 approaches: 1) A novel Aviary Transect method, 2) AssureWel, and 3) the Norwegian farm advisors' NorWel method. The Aviary Transect time requirement, interobserver reliability, and within- and across-house sensitivity to detect welfare indicators were also evaluated. The study was conducted on 6 randomly chosen commercial white-strain layer flocks of similar age and flock size, kept in multitiered aviaries. The Aviary Transect method comprised standardized walks along each aisle while screening the whole flock for 12 welfare indicators: feather loss (FL) on head, back, breast, and tail, wounds on head, back, tail, and feet, dirty birds, enlarged crop, sick birds, and dead birds. AssureWel involved scoring FL on head and back, and dirtiness of 50 random birds, and flock-level evaluation of beak trimming, antagonistic behavior, flightiness, birds needing further care, and mortality. NorWel involved scoring 8 welfare indicators on 50 random birds: FL on head, back, breast, and tail, dirtiness, and wounds on head, back, and tail. The AssureWel detected flock differences in both minor and major FL on the back (P < 0.01) as well as somewhat dirty birds (P < 0.01). The NorWel method detected flock differences in both minor and major FL on the head (P < 0.01), back (P < 0.001), breast (P < 0.001), and tail (P < 0.001) and somewhat (score 1) dirty birds (P < 0.05). The Aviary Transect method detected flock differences in FL on head, back, breast, and tail (all P < 0.001), dirty birds (P < 0.05) and enlarged crop (P < 0.001). More birds with FL on breast, and more dirty birds, were found in wall vs. central transects (P < 0.05). There was good interobserver agreement, except for dirty birds (P < 0.01), and positive correlations (P < 0.05) were identified between the Aviary Transect method and the other sampling methods for FL on head and back, and dirtiness. The three methods took similar time to complete (about 20 min/flock). In conclusion, all 3 methods detected significant differences in welfare indicator prevalence between flocks. The new Aviary Transect method provides egg producers with an efficient and sensitive whole-flock assessment of hen welfare status in multitiered aviaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Vasdal
- Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo 0513, Norway.
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
| | - Ruth C Newberry
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Inma Estevez
- Neiker-Tecnalia, Arkaute Agrifood Campus, Animal Production, P.O. Box 46, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01080, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kathe Kittelsen
- Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo 0513, Norway
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Jezierski T, Camerlink I, Peden RSE, Chou JY, Sztandarski P, Marchewka J. Cat owners' perception on having a pet cat during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257671. [PMID: 34669699 PMCID: PMC8528273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the lives of pet animals. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the welfare of pet cats across countries, as well as the owners' experience in relation to their cat(s). An online survey containing 21 questions was distributed internationally. Questions were related to information about the cat and its behaviour and health, changes in the household due to the pandemic, and how the owner related to the cat. The survey was completed by 324 respondents from 25 different countries. The survey showed that keeping pet cats during the COVID-19 pandemic did not create problems for the owners, except some difficulties in acquiring veterinary care. The majority (67.3%) of respondents reported no changes in their cats' behaviour. When behavioural changes were reported, they were mostly of a positive nature. Owners who took more measures in relation to the cat to prevent the spread of the virus, e.g., reduced contact, were 1.8 times more likely to report changes in the behaviour of their cats but also 3.8 times more likely to report difficulties related to the care of the cat during the pandemic. Two-third of the respondents indicated a reduction of their own psychological tensions due to having a cat during the pandemic. We concluded that the welfare of pet cats, as reported by the owners, was not adversely affected by the pandemic and the human-cat interaction had positive effects on the owners during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Jezierski
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Irene Camerlink
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rachel S E Peden
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Jen-Yun Chou
- Swine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patryk Sztandarski
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Lagoda ME, Boyle LA, Marchewka J, O’Driscoll K. Early Detection of Locomotion Disorders in Gilts Using a Novel Visual Analogue Scale; Associations with Chronic Stress and Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102900. [PMID: 34679922 PMCID: PMC8532660 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotion scoring is crucial for the early detection of lameness, which reduces sow welfare and performance. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of a visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure locomotory ability (OVERALL) compared to a categorical scoring system (CAT) and to investigate associations with hair cortisol and reproductive performance. Locomotion was scored in gilts (n = 51) at service, on day 57 and day 108 of pregnancy, and at weaning, using a VAS (150 mm line: 0 mm (perfect)-150 mm (severely lame)), and a CAT (1 (perfect)-5 (severely lame)). Hair cortisol concentration was measured on day 108 of pregnancy. Reproductive performance data (parity 1-4) were acquired from farm records. VAS detected deviations from optimal locomotion more effectively than the CAT (F3,145 = 2.70; p ≤ 0.05 versus F3,195 = 2.45; p = 0.065). Higher OVERALL scores at service (REG = 0.003 ± 0.0012; F1,48 = 4.25; p ≤ 0.05) and on day 57 (REG = 0.003 ± 0.0013; F1,48 = 6.95; p ≤ 0.05) were associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations on day 108. Positive associations were detected between OVERALL at service and the number of piglets born dead (REG = 0.01 ± 0.006; F1,36 = 4.24; p ≤ 0.05), and total born (REG = 0.1 ± 0.03; F1,120 = 4.88; p ≤ 0.05). The VAS better facilitates early detection of lameness, which could help to prevent detrimental effects, possibly mediated by chronic stress, on reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna E. Lagoda
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 P302 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.B.); (K.O.)
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Laura A. Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 P302 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.B.); (K.O.)
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Keelin O’Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 P302 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.B.); (K.O.)
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Horbańczuk OK, Jóźwik A, Wyrwisz J, Marchewka J, Atanasov AG, Wierzbicka A. The Activity of Chosen Antioxidant Enzymes in Ostrich Meat in Relation to the Type of Packaging and Storage Time in Refrigeration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091338. [PMID: 34572551 PMCID: PMC8466384 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity in ostrich meat, as influenced by various packaging systems and storage time under refrigeration. Three packaging methods were used: vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in two combinations of gases, MAP1 (40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2) and MAP2 (60% O2/30% CO2/10% N2). Meat samples were taken from the M. ilifibularis (IF) muscles of eight ostriches in each treatment group. The meat samples were stored in a refrigerator in 2 °C and analyzed at days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The lowest level of SOD activity during storage was observed in ostrich muscles packed in vacuum, as compared to MAP1 and MAP2. In turn, the highest increase in GPx activity was recorded in VP, especially up to day 8 of storage, when this parameter reached maximum value (54.37). GR increased up to the eighth day of storage in MAP1 and VP. Between the 12th and 16th days of storage, stabilization of the GR activity level was observed only in VP, while under MAP1, it further decreased. DPPH remained relatively stable until the eighth day of storage and after this period, a decrease in this parameter was recorded, reaching the lowest value on day 12 for all types of packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf K. Horbańczuk
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Jarosław Wyrwisz
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
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11
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Sztandarski P, Marchewka J, Wojciechowski F, Riber AB, Gunnarsson S, Horbańczuk JO. Associations between weather conditions and individual range use by commercial and heritage chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101265. [PMID: 34182218 PMCID: PMC8254003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranging area use by domestic poultry is not always optimal and differences in it exist on the levels of breed, flock and individual bird. Outdoor shelters are usually not protective for all weather parameters and may not fulfil a protective role to all birds within the flock all time, if individuals are sensitive to different weather conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between different weather parameters and the use of the range by individual Green-legged Partridge and Sasso C44 chickens. In August 2018, 60 birds per genetic strain were housed in groups of 10 from wks 5 to 10, under conditions exceeding minimal EU requirements of organic meat chicken production. Birds in each pen had access to an outdoor range that was video-recorded during the experiment to obtain frequencies of individual birds' use of the ranges. Weather data were collected each minute throughout the whole experiment by an automatic weather station. In each pen, birds tagged individually with a laminated color tag, had access to an outdoor range that was video-recorded during the experiment. Frequencies of individual birds' use of the ranges were manually obtained from the recordings. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the variables. The results showed significant associations between weather parameters and range use for one third of Green-legged Partridge and Sasso chickens (n = 21 in both breeds). Between breeds, range use associations with different weather parameters were identified. Negative associations with relative humidity occurred most frequently in Green-legged Partridges (n = 8; R2 from 0.1 to 0.17), while positive associations with atmospheric pressure (n = 7; R2 from 0.09 to 0.17) were most common in Sasso chickens. Further investigations into the reasons behind individual sensitivity of meat-purpose chickens to specific weather conditions would increase the understanding of their preferences and needs, which over time will improve animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Franciszek Wojciechowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Anja B Riber
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), S-532 23 Skara, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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12
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Horbańczuk OK, Jóźwik A, Wyrwisz J, Marchewka J, Wierzbicka A. Physical Characteristics and Microbial Quality of Ostrich Meat in Relation to the Type of Packaging and Refrigerator Storage Time. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113445. [PMID: 34204052 PMCID: PMC8200984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the packaging system type on the physical characteristics and microbial changes in ostrich meat during refrigerated storage. The applied packaging systems were vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) using two combinations of gases: MAP1 (40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2) and MAP2 (60% O2/30% CO2/10% N2). Eight meat samples were obtained in three replicates for all parameters, except for pH, for which six replicates were obtained from the M. ilifibularis (IF) muscle, and were stored in a refrigerator at 2 °C and analyzed at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days for the effect of packaging methods on physical meat quality. The initial pH (5.99) decreased at the end of the storage time for MAP1 to 5.81, whereas VP was stable from day 0 to 12 and increased up to 6.08 on day 16. Regarding meat color, the L* value increased during storage for MAP1 and MAP2 from 36.99 to 40.75 and 41.60, respectively, whereas it declined for VP to 34.22. The same tendencies were reported for redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). Drip loss was the lowest in MAP1 and highest in VP. The lowest total viable bacteria counts were identified in VP, as compared to MAP1 and MAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf K. Horbańczuk
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Jarosław Wyrwisz
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.)
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13
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Lagoda ME, O'Driscoll K, Marchewka J, Foister S, Turner SP, Boyle LA. Associations between skin lesion counts, hair cortisol concentrations and reproductive performance in group housed sows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lagoda ME, Boyle LA, Marchewka J, Calderón Díaz JA. 7 Mixing aggression and floor type during gestation have implications for sow reproductive performance. J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aggressive behavior resulting from mixing to establish a dominance hierarchy is a welfare concern for group-housed sows. The associated stress could negatively impact reproductive performance (RP). Objectives of this study were to investigate associations between 1) mixing aggression intensity and RP within and between parities one (P1) and two (P2), and 2) aggression intensity, floor type and RP. A total of 164 gilts were followed through two parities. Gilts were mixed into stable groups of eight unfamiliar individuals four days after insemination, and housed on fully-slatted floors, either uncovered (CON; n = 84) or covered (RUB; n = 80) by a rubber slat-mat until farrowing (for both parities). Skin lesion scores (SLS) (proxy for mixing aggression intensity), were recorded 24–72 hrs post-mixing (0 = no lesions to 5 = severe lesions) on five body regions on left and right sides, and on the tail, in both parities. Total SLS was calculated for each sow. RP data were retrospectively acquired from farm records for both parities. Data were analyzed using GLMM in PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (v9.4) where 1) each parity analyzed separately, and 2) SLS in P1 used to predict RP in P2. Gilts with higher SLS in P2 had higher piglet mortality (P = 0.021) and longer cycle length (P = 0.003) in P2. Gilts with higher SLS in P1 had more non-productive days (P < 0.001) in P2. CON gilts had higher SLS than RUB gilts (P = 0.017) in P1, but not in P2 (P > 0.05). CON gilts also had more piglets born dead (P = 0.004) and tended to crush more piglets (P = 0.097) in P2. Our results confirm that mixing aggression impacts RP in the current parity negatively. They also suggest that mixing aggression experienced by gilts may have long-term negative carry-over effects on performance in subsequent parities. Use of rubber flooring appears to mitigate detrimental effects of mixing aggression, perhaps through improved sow comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences
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15
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Vasdal G, Marchewka J, Moe RO. Associations between animal-based measures at 11 wk and slaughter data at 20 wk in turkey toms (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2020; 100:412-419. [PMID: 33518092 PMCID: PMC7858081 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor animal welfare on a commercial scale, systematic collection and evaluation of slaughterhouse data is the most feasible method. However, we need to know whether slaughterhouse data retrospectively and reliably reflect information about the birds' welfare on-farm. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate associations between animal-based welfare measures in flocks of turkey toms at 11 wk of age recorded with the transect walk and slaughter data at 20 wk of age. A total of 20 commercial flocks of turkey toms were visited, where an observer walked the transects in a random order and recorded the total number of birds per transect that were immobile, lame, with visible head, tail, or wing wounds, small, featherless, dirty, sick, terminal, or dead. Slaughterhouse data were provided for each flock. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between on-farm and slaughterhouse measures. Increased prevalence of immobile toms at week 11 resulted in more birds rejected at slaughter owing to leg issues (P = 0.02) and airsacculitis (P < 0.001). More lame birds on-farm were associated with an overall higher rejection rate at slaughter (P < 0.001). Flocks with more featherless birds had significantly more birds being rejected at slaughter owing to skin issues (P = 0.02). More dirty birds at week 11 resulted in more birds being rejected owing to airsacculitis at slaughter (P < 0.001). A higher mortality on-farm was associated with more birds rejected for being too small (P = 0.04). In conclusion, significant associations between animal-based measures of turkey toms as assessed by the transect walk method on-farm at 11 wk and slaughter data at 20 wk were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Vasdal
- Animalia, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre 0515, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Randi O Moe
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 0033, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Marchewka J, Sztandarski P, Zdanowska-Sąsiadek Ż, Damaziak K, Wojciechowski F, Riber AB, Gunnarsson S. Associations between welfare and ranging profile in free-range commercial and heritage meat-purpose chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poult Sci 2020; 99:4141-4152. [PMID: 32867957 PMCID: PMC7598102 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite consumers' belief that access to an outdoor range improves chicken welfare, still little is known about whether this is true and whether individual ranging profiles relate to the birds' welfare. The aim of the present study was to identify and compare welfare issues of the traditional broiler hybrid Sasso and the Polish heritage chicken Green-legged Partridge, having outdoor access, and examine if the birds' welfare status was associated with the ranging profile: outdoor-preferring, moderate-outdoor, and indoor-preferring. In August 2018, 60 non-beak trimmed birds per genetic strain were housed in groups of 10 from weeks 5 to 10, under conditions exceeding EU requirements of organic meat chicken production. Each pen had access to an individual outdoor range that was video-recorded continuously to obtain frequencies of individual birds' use of the ranges. Plumage condition, comb pecking wounds, skin injuries, dirtiness, toe damage, eye pathologies, footpad dermatitis, hock burns, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and walking difficulties were assessed at the end of the experiment. Statistical analysis was conducted applying generalized linear mixed models, with binomial distribution and logit link using SAS software, applying breed and ranging profile as fixed factors and their interaction, with pen as random factor. A tendency for more respiratory infections was observed in Sasso birds from each ranging profile, as compared to matching ranging profiles presented by Green-legged Partridges (outdoor-preferring: P = 0.0012; moderate-outdoor: P < 0.0001; and indoor-preferring: P = 0.0247). Indoor-preferring Green-legged Partridges tended to present more respiratory infections, as compared to the 2 other ranging profiles within the breed (outdoor-preferring: P = 0.0291; moderate-outdoor: P = 0.0448). Regardless of the breed, toe damages were more frequent in indoor-preferring birds, as compared to other ranging profiles (P = 0.017). It remains unknown whether the use of outdoor areas prevents development of welfare issues or if birds with a suboptimal welfare condition become indoor-preferring individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franciszek Wojciechowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Anja B Riber
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), S-532 23 Skara, Sweden
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17
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Marchewka J, Jeleń P, Długoń E, Sitarz M, Błażewicz M. Spectroscopic investigation of the carbon nanotubes and polysiloxane coatings on titanium surface. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Marchewka J, Vasdal G, Moe RO. Identifying welfare issues in turkey hen and tom flocks applying the transect walk method. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3391-3399. [PMID: 31064008 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial conditions turkey tom and hen flocks are reared under similar housing and management conditions. However, the 2 sexes differ with regard to behavioral and physiological characteristics, and are slaughtered at different ages, resulting in different growth patterns. The rearing environment and management likely have similar effects on the welfare of both sexes reared in 1 barn, as usual in commercial flocks, but this has not previously been studied. The main aim of current study was to identify on-farm health and welfare issues of commercially reared hen and tom turkeys at 11 wk of age using the transect walk method. The study was conducted between November 2017 and March 2018 in 20 commercial turkey flocks on 16 different farms in the eastern part of Norway. On each farm, 1 barn, divided into tom and hen area, was evaluated using transect walk method. An observer walked the transects in random order and recorded the total number of birds per transect that were immobile; lame, with visible head, tail, or wing wounds; small; featherless; dirty; sick; terminal or dead. To analyze the data, we applied ANOVA and Spearman correlations in SAS software (v 9.3). The most commonly observed welfare indicators across sexes were dirty and featherless birds, and birds with tail and wing wounds. Across sexes, poor litter quality resulted in more head wounds (P < 0.05). Toms had significantly more tail wounds (P < 0.001), there were more sick birds (P < 0.01) and more terminal birds (P < 0.01) compared to hens at the same age. Several of the welfare indicators were positively correlated between the sexes, including lame, head, wing- and tail-wounded, dirty, and dead birds, suggesting similar underlying environmental causes affecting animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Guro Vasdal
- Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Lorenveien 38, 0515 Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi O Moe
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 8146 dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Horbańczuk OK, Moczkowska M, Marchewka J, Atanasov AG, Kurek MA. The Composition of Fatty Acids in Ostrich Meat Influenced by the Type of Packaging and Refrigerated Storage. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224128. [PMID: 31731584 PMCID: PMC6891528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostrich meat is a high-quality dietetic product, however, it is very sensitive to deterioration during storage. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of packaging systems on the fatty acid (FA) profiles in ostrich meat during refrigerated storage. The systems were: Vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in two combinations of gases: MAP1 (40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2) and MAP2 (60% O2/30% CO2/10% N2). Samples were taken from the M. ilifibularis (IF) muscles of eight ostriches in each treatment group. The packs were stored in a refrigerator at 2 °C and analyzed at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. The packaging conditions and storage time had an impact on the concentration of bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including n-3 such as C18:3, C20:5 (EPA) and C22:6 (DHA). The least changes in composition of n-3 and the sum of PUFA were recorded in ostrich meat packaged in vacuum, followed by that packaged using MAP1 and MAP2. The sum of n-6 PUFAs decreased significantly by 2.1% for MAP2, and only by 0.7% for vacuum packaging as the experiment progressed. A significant deterioration of these compounds was observed in all package systems, especially from day 12 until day 16 of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf K. Horbańczuk
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-37-078
| | - Małgorzata Moczkowska
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (J.M.); (A.G.A.)
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcin A. Kurek
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.A.K.)
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20
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Ferrante V, Lolli S, Ferrari L, Watanabe TTN, Tremolada C, Marchewka J, Estevez I. Differences in prevalence of welfare indicators in male and female turkey flocks (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2019; 98:1568-1574. [PMID: 30590610 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the transect walks (TW) method provide a practical and effective approach to welfare assessment in broiler and turkey farms. This method for turkey welfare assessment is reasonable in terms of time demands within minimal costs. Furthermore, TW approach resembles the routine checks used by farmers. The overall aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of the TW method as potential practical tool for on-farm welfare assessment in turkeys during the fattening period. A total of 14 commercial turkey farms (8 male and 6 female flocks) of the same genetic strain (British United Turkeys [B.U.T.] - Big 6) with similar management standard procedures were evaluated. Bird ages at evaluation ranged from 122 to 138 D and 90 to 103 D old, for males and females, respectively. Two independent assessors walked slowly on randomized longitudinal paths (transects) within each house, while recording the prevalence of birds showing any of the 12 welfare and health indicators considered: immobility, lameness, wounds, small size, featherless, dirtiness, sick, terminally ill, dead, and behavioral indicators, such as, aggression towards mate, interaction with humans and mating. The effect of assessor, gender, and interaction assessor by gender was evaluated by using ANOVA. Reliability of the method was noted by the effect of gender (P < 0.001) for immobility, lameness, wounds, and dirtiness indicators. Male flocks showed higher prevalence of immobility (0.035±0.004% vs. 0.004±0.001%), lameness (2.269±0.108% vs. 1.253±0.051%), wounds (0.288±0.014% vs. 0.127±0.009%), and dirtiness (0.050±0.004% vs. 0.022±0.004%) as compared to female flocks. Differences among assessors were relatively minor, with differences detected only for back and tail wounds, dirtiness, aggression towards mate, and interaction with humans. This study reports advantages and limitations of this method for welfare assessment on-commercial turkey flocks and it is the first description of the Italian welfare profile of turkey's commercial flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ferrante
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Lolli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferrari
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana Animal Disease Diasgnostic Laboratory and Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-2804, USA
| | - Carlo Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Inma Estevez
- Neiker-Tecnalia, Arkaute Agrifood Campus, Animal Production P.O. Box 46, E-01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Glodzik J, Rewiuk K, Adamiak J, Marchewka J, Salakowski A, Mazur M, Brudecki J, Mikolajczyk TP, Guzik T, Aleksander-Szymanowicz P, Grodzicki T. Controlled aerobic training improves endothelial function and modifies vascular remodeling in healthy adults with high normal blood pressure. J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 69. [PMID: 30683821 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2018.5.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess endothelial function in adults with high normal blood pressure (HNBP) undergoing controlled aerobic training. The study was conducted among 31 volunteers with HNBP. Subjects underwent supervised cycle ergometer training for 12 weeks. Exercise intensity was assessed by monitoring the pulse with intention to keep the heart rate increase within the range of 40% to 65% of the heart rate reserve. The control group consisted of 14 healthy adults, not subjected to any intervention. The control group was examined twice at 12-week intervals (non-exercising time control). Vascular endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and by measuring total nitric oxide products (NOx). The measurement of carotid intima-media complex thickness (IMT) was an indirect method of assessing vascular remodeling. Blood pressure (ABPM method), anthropological parameters and lipid profile were also assessed. There was a significant change in FMD after 3-month training in the study group: the average FMD training was 5.21 ± 2.17%, while after the program FMD increased to 9.46 ± 3.69% (P < 0.001). After training, the NOx also increased from 1.01 ± 0.38 μmol/L to 1.27 ± 0.48 μmol/L (P < 0.001). Effects were observed irrespective of participants' sex. Interestingly, a modest but significant reduction of IMT was also observed, from 0.5 ± 0.06 mm to 0.46 ± 0.10 mm (P = 0.04). There was also a reduction in the percentage of body fat content from 25.01 ± 8.77% to 22.31 ± 8.79% (P < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were noted after 12 weeks of training in the blood pressure and lipid profile. In the control group no statistically significant changes of any parameter were observed. Regular aerobic exercise improves nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function of the vessels and can initiate regression of atherosclerosis in people with HNBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glodzik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Biological Recovery, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Rewiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Adamiak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Biological Recovery, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Marchewka
- Department of Physical Medicine and Biological Recovery, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Salakowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Mazur
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Brudecki
- Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - T P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - T Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - T Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Shaw S, Islam MA, Ahmed MI, Chandra Shill M, Karmakar UK, Yarla NS, Khan IN, Billah MM, Pieczynska MD, Zengin G, Malainer C, Nicoletti F, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Apostolov A, Banach M, Yeung AW, El-Demerdash A, Xiao J, Dey P, Yele S, Jóźwik A, Strzałkowska N, Marchewka J, Rengasamy KR, Horbańczuk J, Kamal MA, Mubarak MS, Mishra SK, Shilpi JA, Atanasov AG. Phytol: A review of biomedical activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:82-94. [PMID: 30130593 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Zdanowska-Sąsiadek Ż, Marchewka J, Horbańczuk JO, Wierzbicka A, Lipińska P, Jóźwik A, Atanasov AG, Huminiecki Ł, Sieroń A, Sieroń K, Strzałkowska N, Stelmasiak A, De Smet S, Van Hecke T, Hoffman LC. Nutrients Composition in Fit Snacks Made from Ostrich, Beef and Chicken Dried Meat. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061267. [PMID: 29799493 PMCID: PMC6099787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare three types of meat snacks made from ostrich, beef, and chicken meat in relation to their nutrients content including fat, fatty acids, heme iron, and peptides, like anserine and carnosine, from which human health may potentially benefit. Dry meat samples were produced, from one type of muscle, obtained from ostrich (m.ambiens), beef (m. semimembranosus), and broiler chicken meat (m. pectoralis major). The composition of dried ostrich, beef, and chicken meat, with and without spices was compared. We show that meat snacks made from ostrich, beef, and chicken meat were characterized by high concentration of nutrients including proteins, minerals (heme iron especially in ostrich, than in beef), biologically active peptides (carnosine—in beef, anserine—in ostrich then in chicken meat). The, beneficial to human health, n-3 fatty acids levels differed significantly between species. Moreover, ostrich jerky contained four times less fat as compared to beef and half of that in chicken. In conclusion we can say that dried ostrich, beef, and chicken meat could be a good source of nutritional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Zdanowska-Sąsiadek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technic and Food Development, Faculty of Humane Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Live Science, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Paulina Lipińska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Sieroń
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sieroń
- Department of Physical Medicine, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Nina Strzałkowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian Stelmasiak
- Department of Technic and Food Development, Faculty of Humane Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Live Science, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Hecke
- Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Jóźwik A, Marchewka J, Strzałkowska N, Horbańczuk JO, Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieślak A, Lipińska-Palka P, Józefiak D, Kamińska A, Atanasov AG. The Effect of Different Levels of Cu, Zn and Mn Nanoparticles in Hen Turkey Diet on the Activity of Aminopeptidases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051150. [PMID: 29751626 PMCID: PMC6100587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the different levels of Cu, Zn, and Mn nanoparticles on the activity of aminopeptidases in turkey. An experiment was carried out on 144 turkey hen Hybrid Converter. The birds were divided into groups given standard- and nanoparticle-supplementation of different level of copper (Cu 20, 10, 2 mg/kg), zinc (Zn 100, 50, 10 ppm), and manganese (Mn 100, 50, 10 ppm), covering respectively 100%, 50%, and 10% of the physiological demands for those minerals in the diet. The activity of aminopeptidases (alanyl: AlaAP, leucyl: LeuAP and arginyl: ArgAP) after supplementation of minerals was determined in the breast and thigh turkey muscle. The strongest effect of interaction among minerals supplementation form and dose on the activity levels of the aminopeptidases in thigh muscle was observed for nano-Cu already at the lowest dose of 2 mg/kg. In this dose (covering 10% of the birds’ demand) nano form of supplementation significantly increased the activity of Ala-, Leu-, and ArgAP (877, 201, and 719, respectively), compared to standard form of supplementation (461, 90.5, and 576, respectively). In turn, in breast muscle, after supplementation covering 10% of the demand with the nano-Cu, nano-Zn, and nano-Mn compared to the standard form, we did not observe any significant difference in the activity levels of any of the investigated aminopeptidases, except for AlaAP under Zn supplementation. Supplementation with the 20 mg/kg of Nano-Cu (100% of demand) and with 10 mg/kg of Nano-Cu (50% of demand) inhibited the activity of all of the three aminopeptidases in thigh muscle. Supplementation of the minerals in nano form into the diet, especially of Cu and Zn in the dose covering 10% of the demand is relevant to maintain homeostasis in turkey muscles, as indicated by the activity of the aminopeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Nina Strzałkowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | | | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paulina Lipińska-Palka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Family Studies, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Azarpajouh S, Marchewka J, Segura Correa JC, Calderón Díaz JA. Anatomical characterization of hoof growth pattern in six Iranian sheep breeds and its possible implication for trimming recommendations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018. [PMID: 29527630 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare hoof anatomy, hoof growth pattern, and hoof weight-bearing surface of six different Iranian sheep breeds to identify possible differences in the hoof anatomical features that could help to minimize adverse effects of hoof trimming methods. Front and hind hooves of 2-year-old, previously untrimmed, pastured dairy ewes of six Iranian breeds (Afshari, Moghani, Kurdi, Makoui, Chaleshtori, and Lori-Bakhtiari; n = 180 ewes; 30 ewes per breed) were collected after slaughter. Medial and lateral claws were incised sagittally and anatomical measurements such as toe length, heel height, toe height, sole thickness, sole length, and toe angle were recorded in each claw. Data were analyzed using mixed model equations including breed, claw (lateral or medial), hoof (front or hind) and their interactions as fixed effects, and ewe as random effect. Breed differences were observed for all hoof measurements (P < 0.05). Chaleshtori sheep had higher measurements for most of the traits studied while Afshari and Makoui sheep had lower measurements. All measurements, except for toe length and toe height to solar surface to heel height ratio, were significantly greater in the front hooves than in the hind hooves (P < 0.05). Soles were longer in the medial claws compared to the lateral claws of the front hooves (P < 0.05). Results suggest the observed breed differences could interfere with establishing a standard, uniform hoof trimming method for sheep. For instance, it might be possible that while Afshari and Makoui sheep could require more conservative trimming, Chaleshtori sheep could require to be trimmed more. In consequence, hoof trimming methods might need to be adjusted to specific breed characteristics to avoid possible tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Azarpajouh
- Department of Clinical Science, Shahrekord College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - J Marchewka
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - J C Segura Correa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J A Calderón Díaz
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
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26
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Estevez I, Battini M, Canali E, Ruíz R, Stilwell G, Ferrante V, Minero M, Marchewka J, Barbieri S, Mattiello S, Beltrán de Heredia I, Dwyer CM, Zanella A. 013 AWIN mobile apps; animal welfare assessment at your fingertips. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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More SJ, Hanlon A, Marchewka J, Boyle L. Private animal health and welfare standards in quality assurance programmes: a review and proposed framework for critical evaluation. Vet Rec 2017; 180:612. [PMID: 28465328 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 'private standards' in animal health and welfare have become increasingly common, and are often incorporated into quality assurance (QA) programmes. Here, we present an overview of the use of private animal health and welfare standards in QA programmes, and propose a generic framework to facilitate critical programme review. Private standards are being developed in direct response to consumer demand for QA, and offer an opportunity for product differentiation and a means to drive consumer choice. Nonetheless, a range of concerns have been raised, relating to the credibility of these standards, their potential as a discriminatory barrier to trade, the multiplicity of private standards that have been developed, the lack of consumer input and compliance costs. There is a need for greater scrutiny of private standards and of associated QA programmes. We propose a framework to clarify the primary programme goal(s) and measureable outputs relevant to animal health and welfare, the primary programme beneficiaries and to determine whether the programme is effective, efficient and transparent. This paper provides a theoretical overview, noting that this framework could be used as a tool directly for programme evaluation, or as a tool to assist with programme development and review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J More
- UCD Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Hanlon
- UCD Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Marchewka
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
| | - L Boyle
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
Currently, no animal-based protocol for on-farm welfare assessment of commercial turkeys is available. The birds' size and flighty nature make obtaining a representative sample using traditional methods difficult. The transect walks (TW) approach provides a potential alternative for on-farm assessments of turkey welfare. We compared the TW approach with a traditional method, and data collected as the birds were moved out of the house during the load out process (L). Ten commercial 19- to 20-week-old Hybrid turkey flocks were evaluated (1 flock/house/farm). Half of the flocks were housed on farms deemed as "faring well" by the company, the other half were on "suboptimal" farms. Each house was subdivided longitudinally into 4 transects. Two observers walked the transects in random order, recording the total number of birds per transect that were immobile; lame; aggressive towards a mate; interacting with humans; with visible head, vent, or back wounds; engaging in mounting behaviors; small; featherless; dirty; sick; terminal; or dead. Flocks were re-evaluated on the same day using the individual sampling method (S), where randomly selected birds were scored as they took 10 steps. Flocks were re-assessed within 48 h of the transect evaluation, as birds were funneled out of the house during load out. Using ANOVAs we determined the effects of observers, method, management, and their interactions on proportions of turkeys per house within each category. Outcome parameters were not affected by management (P>0.05 for all) or observer (P>0.05 for most), but an assessment method effect was detected (P<0.05). S differed from the 2 other methods (P<0.05) for most parameters except aggression towards a mate, back wounds, dirty, sick, and vent wounds. Differences were not detected between data collected using TW and during L, except for dead (P=0.0007) and immobile (P=0.007). Results suggest that the TW method is a promising tool for on-farm turkey welfare assessment as it produced results similar to those obtained at L when all birds could be scored individually.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inma Estevez
- Neiker-Tecnalia, Animal Production, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Purdue University, Animal Sciences, 125 S. Russell St., W. Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Maja M Makagon
- Purdue University, Animal Sciences, 125 S. Russell St., W. Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Markiewicz-Kęszycka M, Czyżak-Runowska G, Wójtowski J, Jóźwik A, Pankiewicz R, Łęska B, Krzyżewski J, Strzałkowska N, Marchewka J, Bagnicka E. Influence of stage of lactation and year season on composition of mares' colostrum and milk and method and time of storage on vitamin C content in mares' milk. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:2279-2286. [PMID: 25298151 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mares' milk is becoming increasingly popular in Western Europe. This study was thus aimed at investigating the impact of stage of lactation and season on chemical composition, somatic cell count and some physicochemical parameters of mares' colostrum and milk, and at developing a method for the determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in mares' milk and to determine its content in fresh and stored milk. RESULTS The analysis conducted showed an effect of the stage of lactation on contents of selected chemical components and physicochemical parameters of mares' milk. In successive lactation periods levels of fat, cholesterol, energy value, citric acid and titratable acidity decreased, whereas levels of lactose and vitamin C, as well as the freezing point, increased. Analysis showed that milk produced in autumn (September, October, November) had a higher freezing point and lower concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, cholesterol, citric acid and energy value in comparison to milk produced in summer (June, July, August). Mares' milk was characterised by low somatic cell count throughout lactation. In terms of vitamin C stability the most advantageous method of milk storage was 6-month storage of lyophilised milk. CONCLUSION In general, the results confirmed that mares' milk is a raw material with a unique chemical composition different from that produced by other farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska
- Department of Small Mammals Breeding and Raw Materials of Animal Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 62-002, Suchy Las, Poland
| | - Jacek Wójtowski
- Department of Small Mammals Breeding and Raw Materials of Animal Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 62-002, Suchy Las, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland
| | | | - Bogusława Łęska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Józef Krzyżewski
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Nina Strzałkowska
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Animal Production Department, Neiker-Tecnalia, Arkaute Agrifood Campus, E-01080, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland
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Averós X, Lorea A, de Heredia IB, Ruiz R, Marchewka J, Arranz J, Estevez I. The behaviour of gestating dairy ewes under different space allowances. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Current scientific approaches to welfare assessment in broilers are based on individual sampling that can be time consuming under field conditions. On the other hand, farmers conduct routine checks based on walks through the house to screen birds' health condition. We adapted the walks through following line transect methodology used in wildlife studies to explore their feasibility as a welfare assessment tool. The aim of this study was to compare broiler welfare assessed by individual sampling and transect walks. We evaluated 6 identically managed flocks. For individual sampling, we collected measures on 150 birds, including weight, breast dirtiness, hock and footpad dermatitis, lameness, and immobility. Transect observations were conducted by slowly walking on randomized paths within each house recording: immobility, lameness, back dirtiness, sickness, agony, and dead. Transect walks allowed detection of small variations (P < 0.003) in the prevalence of most welfare indicators considered with consistency in interobserver reliability (P ≥ 0.05). In addition, assessments across transects were highly consistent (P ≥ 0.05). Individual sampling was also sensitive to differences across houses (P < 0.01) with the exception of immobility (P = 0.783). No differences were found across sampling locations (P ≥ 0.05). However, both methods differed greatly in the frequency of the incidence of the parameters considered. For example, immobility varied from 0.2 ± 0.02% for transect walks to 4 ± 2.3% for individual sampling, whereas lameness varied between 0.8 ± 0.07% and 24.2 ± 4.7% for transect and samplings, respectively. It is possible that the transect approach may have overlooked walking deficiencies because a large number of birds were scored, although if this was the case, the consistency obtained in the scoring across observers and transects would be surprising. Differences may also be related to possibly biased individual sampling procedures, where less mobile and passive individuals may be more likely to be caught. Furthermore the procedure may cause fatigue and fear reactions reducing mobility. Current study provides new insights into constraints and advantages of broiler on-farm assessment methods, which should be considered for designing on-farm welfare assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marchewka
- Neiker-Tecnalia, ArkauteAgrifood Campus, Animal Production, PO Box 46, E-01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Marchewka J, Watanabe T, Ferrante V, Estevez I. Review of the social and environmental factors affecting the behavior and welfare of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2013; 92:1467-73. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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