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Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F. Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38668314 PMCID: PMC11052067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Santo Colosimo
- Doctorate School of Nutrition Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Bocedi
- U.O. Diabetologia, Ospedale C. Magati, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Avino
- S.C. Endocrinologia Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Agnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alba Nicastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federica Sacilotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Valadbeigi H, Khoshnood S, Negahdari B, Abdullah MA, Haddadi MH. Antibacterial and Immunoregulatory Effects of Metformin against Helicobacter pylori Infection in Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5583286. [PMID: 38192437 PMCID: PMC10774005 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5583286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces gastritis by stimulating Th17 cells and related cytokines. The aim of our study was to investigate the synergistic effect of metformin with amoxicillin as an antibiotic in inhibiting H. pylori and modulating the immune response in a rat model. Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and infected with H. pylori. Over the course of 14 days, all animals were treated with metformin and amoxicillin alone and in combination. The antibacterial activity of metformin was evaluated by growth curves and colony counts. The immunoregulatory effect on Treg/Th17 balance was assessed by flow cytometry, and the cytokine profile of IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β, and IL-10 was determined by ELISA. The effect of metformin on gene expression of cagA and IL-8 was investigated by RT-PCR. Pathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results Metformin showed weak antibacterial activity against clinically isolated H. pylori. However, the combination of metformin and amoxicillin (AMX) showed strong synergistic antibacterial activity (ΣFIC = 0.24). Compared with AMX, metformin reduced inflammation and tissue damage but resulted in increased bacterial growth. During metformin administration, both TGF-β levels and Treg cells increased dramatically (P = 0.002). In synergy with AMX, metformin decreased the effective dose of antibiotic to eradicate H. pylori. Conclusions The combination of metformin with potential antibiotics such as AMX had a positive effect on the relief of H. pylori-related inflammation by inducing Treg cells while successfully eliminating H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- SciCo Science and Technology Center, Mody Rd 62. Yau Tsim Mong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Moke EG, Omogbai EKI, Osagie-Eweka SDE, Uchendu AP, Omogbiya AI, Ben-Azu B, Eduviere AT, Edje KE, Umukoro EK, Anachuna KK, Asiwe JN, Ahante E, Oghoghovwe IJ. Co-administration of metformin and/or glibenclamide with losartan reverse N G-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester-streptozotocin-induced hypertensive diabetes and haemodynamic sequelae in rats. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104497. [PMID: 36738987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, there have been opinions on whether to reduced blood pressure (BP) to a different levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hence, this study investigated the efficacy of the co-administration of losartan (angiotensin receptor blocking antihypertensive agent) with metformin and/or glibenclamide (antidiabetic agents) on hypertensive-diabetic experimental rats induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), and streptozotocin (STZ). STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic rats combined with l-NAME (40 mg/kg, p.o.)-induced hypertension were allotted into different groups. Group 1 received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and served as normal control, group 2 comprised hypertensive diabetic rats with distilled water, groups 3-5 were hypertensive-diabetic rats but received combination treatments of losartan + metformin, losartan + glibenclamide, and losartan + metformin + glibenclamide daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Our finding revealed no changes in the body weights, but there was a significant increase in fasting blood sugar levels in l-NAME - STZ-induced hypertensive-diabetes, which were lowered by losartan + metformin, losartan + glibenclamide, and losartan + metformin + glibenclamide treatments. Moreover, the increased systolic-BP, mean arterial pressure but not diastolic-BP and heart rate by l-NAME + STZ were attenuated more significantly by losartan + metformin + glibenclamide between weeks 2-8 relative to hypertensive-diabetic control. l-NAME + STZ-induced elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase, were differentially reversed by losartan + metformin, losartan + glibenclamide, and losartan + metformin + glibenclamide. However, l-NAME + STZ-induced decreased nitrite level was significantly restored by all treatments, suggesting increased nitrergic transmission. Additionally, l-NAME + STZ-induced degeneration of pancreatic islet and myocardial cells were dramatically alleviated by losartan + metformin + glibenclamide treatments. Our findings suggest hyperglycemia with raised systolic-BP should be managed with losartan combined with both metformin and glibenclamide than single combination of losartan with antidiabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emuesiri Goodies Moke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Eric K I Omogbai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Sammy D E Osagie-Eweka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze P Uchendu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Adrian I Omogbiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - Anthony T Eduviere
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Kesiena E Edje
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Emuesiri K Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth K Anachuna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Jerome N Asiwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ejiroghene Ahante
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ighohwo J Oghoghovwe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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de Alwis N, Binder NK, Mangwiro YTM, Pritchard N, Beard S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Brownfoot F, Hannan NJ. The effect of metformin on cardiovascular markers in female mice consuming a high fat diet. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:524-532. [PMID: 36333189 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, widely used to treat diabetes, is now considered a candidate therapeutic for treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess whether metformin's non-glycaemic effects could mitigate cardiovascular disease indices in female mice consuming a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS Four-week old female Arc:Arc(S) mice were placed on a standard (std) chow diet or Western-style HFD (22% fat, 0.15% cholesterol). At ∼8 months, the mice were administered 150 mg/kg metformin or vehicle (control) via intraperitoneal injection for 11 days. Blood pressure was measured (tail cuff plethysmography) at Day 9 and 11 of treatment. On Day 11, mice were weighed and culled. The mesenteric arcade and kidneys were collected for assessment of vascular reactivity (wire myography), and assessment of expression of cardiometabolic markers (qPCR), respectively. RESULTS The HFD fed female mice were significantly heavier than those receiving the std diet at 1-12 weeks on diet, and at cull. Mice on a std diet with metformin treatment were significantly heavier at cull than the mice on a std diet administered the control treatment. Metformin treatment did not alter the weight of the mice receiving the HFD. Neither the HFD (compared to the std diet), nor metformin treatment (compared to control treatment) altered blood pressure, vascular reactivity, or expression of cardiometabolic markers in the kidney. CONCLUSION Consumption of a Western-style HFD (without high salt/sugar levels) did not alter the cardiovascular markers measured. Further studies are required to establish the non-glycaemic, cardio-protective effects of metformin in high-risk cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha de Alwis
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie K Binder
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yeukai T M Mangwiro
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Beard
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Brownfoot
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.
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The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:696-708. [PMID: 35792967 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. METHODS Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12-14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. RESULTS Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. CONCLUSION The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size.
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Raj V, Natarajan S, C M, Chatterjee S, Ramasamy M, Ramanujam GM, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Arockiaraj J, Karuppiah K. Cholecalciferol and metformin protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence by modulating sirtuin-1 and protein arginine methyltransferase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174531. [PMID: 34710370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation through nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases leads to increased biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, cellular injury and vascular inflammation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Recent studies report that LPS up-regulated global methyltransferase activity. In this study, we observed that a combination treatment with metformin (MET) and cholecalciferol (VD) blocked the LPS-induced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (SDM) activity in Eahy926 cells. We found that LPS challenge (i) increased arginine methylation through up-regulated protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) mRNA, intracellular concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (HCY); (ii) up-regulated cell senescence through mitigated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration, telomerase activity and total antioxidant capacity; and (iii) lead to endothelial dysfunction through compromised nitric oxide (NOx) production. However, these LPS-mediated cellular events in Eahy926 cells were restored by the synergistic effect of MET and VD. Taken together, this study identified that the dual compound effect inhibits LPS-induced protein arginine methylation, endothelial senescence and dysfunction through the components of epigenetic machinery, SIRT1 and PRMT1, which is a previously unidentified function of the test compounds. In silico results identified the presence of vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence on PRMT1 suggesting that VDR could regulate PRMT1 gene expression. Further characterization of the cellular events associated with the dual compound challenge, using gene silencing approach or adenoviral constructs for SIRT1 and/or PRMT1 under inflammatory stress, could identify therapeutic strategies to address the endothelial consequences in vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raj
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Suganya Natarajan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Marimuthu C
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Karuppiah
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India.
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Rittig N, Aagaard NK, Villadsen GE, Sandahl TD, Jessen N, Grønbaek H, George J. Randomised clinical study: acute effects of metformin versus placebo on portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:320-328. [PMID: 34165199 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension is the main determinant of clinical decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis. In preclinical data metformin lowers portal pressure, but there are no clinical data for this beneficial effect. AIMS To investigate the acute effects of metformin on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and liver perfusion. METHODS In a randomised, double-blinded study design, we investigated 32 patients with cirrhosis before and 90 minutes after ingestion of 1000-mg metformin (n = 16) or placebo (n = 16). Liver vein catherisation was performed to evaluate HVPG and indocyanine green (ICG) infusion for investigation of hepatic blood flow. RESULTS The mean relative change in HVPG was -16% (95% CI: -28% to -4%) in the metformin group compared with 4% (95% CI: -6% to 14%) in the placebo group (time × group interaction, P = 0.008). In patients with baseline HVPG ≥12 mm Hg clinically significant improvements in HVPG (HVPG <12 mm Hg or a >20% reduction in HVPG) were observed in 46% (6/13) of metformin-treated and in 8% (1/13) of placebo-treated patients (P = 0.07). There were no changes or differences in systemic blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic plasma and blood flow, hepatic ICG clearance, hepatic O2 uptake or inflammation markers between groups. CONCLUSIONS A single oral metformin dose acutely reduces HVPG in patients with portal hypertension without affecting systemic or liver hemodynamics or inflammatory biomarkers. This offers a promising perspective of a safe and inexpensive treatment option that should be investigated in larger-scale clinical studies with long-term outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Rittig
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department and Laboratories of Diabetes and Hormone diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Kristian Aagaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Research laboratories for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Javaid F, Mehmood MH, Shaukat B. Hydroethanolic Extract of A. officinarum Hance Ameliorates Hypertension and Causes Diuresis in Obesogenic Feed-Fed Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670433. [PMID: 34305591 PMCID: PMC8299705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) has been used widely in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicines. Its folkloric uses include relieving stomach ache, treating cold, improving the circulatory system, and reducing swelling. Its effectiveness and mechanism of antihypertension in obesity-induced hypertensive rats have not been studied yet as per our knowledge. This study has been designed to provide evidence of underlying mechanisms to the medicinal use of A. officinarum as a cardiotonic using an obesity-induced hypertension model in rats. Chronic administration of A. officinarum caused a marked reduction in the body weight gain and Lee index of rats compared to the obesogenic diet-fed rats. Its administration also caused attenuation in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin, while an increase in serum HDL and adiponectin levels was noticed. The catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activities were found to be remarkable in the serum of A. officinarum-treated animal groups. A. officinarum showed mild to moderate diuretic, hepatoprotective, and reno-protective effects. The A. officinarum-treated group showed less mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase while the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and mRNA expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase were raised in comparison to the hypertensive group of rats evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These findings show that A. officinarum possesses antihypertensive and diuretic activities, thus providing a rationale to the medicinal use of A. officinarum in cardiovascular ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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AbdelAziz EY, Tadros MG, Menze ET. The effect of metformin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer: Involvement of nitric oxide/Rho kinase pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173812. [PMID: 33345855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common disease that represent an economic burden. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce ulcer in old patients and in patients with comorbidities. Indomethacin is widely used to induce gastric ulcer in animal models. Diabetic patients are highly susceptible to develop gastric ulcer. Metformin, the first line medication for the treatment of type II diabetes melilites that have many off label uses in non-diabetic patients, has been recently reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the possible healing effects of metformin on gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in rats. Indomethacin (48 mg/kg) single dose increased stomach acidity, ulcer index and induced histopathological changes. Indomethacin also decreased mucin levels and increased the activity of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Rho-associated protein kinas-1 (ROCK-1) and decreased the levels of the protective nitric oxide (NO). After the induction of ulcer, rats were treated by omeprazole (30 mg/kg) or metformin (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg). Omeprazole and metformin were found to decrease stomach acidity and ulcer index, restored the histological features and increased mucin levels. Both also decreased the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, ROCK-1 and increased NO. Metformin exerted ulcer healing effects comparable to that of omeprazole. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory activity and increasing NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y AbdelAziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Kim HI, Lee JS, Kwak BK, Hwang WM, Kim MJ, Kim YB, Chung SS, Park KS. Metformin Ameliorates Lipotoxic β-Cell Dysfunction through a Concentration-Dependent Dual Mechanism of Action. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:854-866. [PMID: 31339010 PMCID: PMC6943256 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids contributes to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that metformin induces cellular energy depletion and a concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through inhibition of the respiratory chain, previous studies have shown inconsistent results with regard to the action of metformin on pancreatic β-cells. We therefore examined the effects of metformin on pancreatic β-cells under lipotoxic stress. METHODS NIT-1 cells and mouse islets were exposed to palmitate and treated with 0.05 and 0.5 mM metformin. Cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and Rho kinase (ROCK) activities were measured. The phosphorylation of AMPK was evaluated by Western blot analysis and mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and NADPH oxidase (NOX) were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS We found that metformin has protective effects on palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction. Metformin at a concentration of 0.05 mM inhibits NOX and suppresses the palmitate-induced elevation of ER stress markers and ROS levels in a AMPK-independent manner, whereas 0.5 mM metformin inhibits ROCK activity and activates AMPK. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the action of metformin on β-cell lipotoxicity was implemented by different molecular pathways depending on its concentration. Metformin at a usual therapeutic dose is supposed to alleviate lipotoxic β-cell dysfunction through inhibition of oxidative stress and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kook Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Min Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bum Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Li K, Si-Tu J, Qiu J, Lu L, Mao Y, Zeng H, Chen M, Lai C, Chang HJ, Wang D. Statin and metformin therapy in prostate cancer patients with hyperlipidemia who underwent radiotherapy: a population-based cohort study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1189-1197. [PMID: 30787638 PMCID: PMC6366348 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between the use of statins and/or metformin and patient survival in prostate cancer patients in Taiwan. Subjects and methods Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients who had hyperlipidemia and received radiotherapy were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database 2000–2010. The survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the association of mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the risk of mortality in patients with diabetes. Results The study included 567 patients. Patients who used statins or metformin after prostate cancer diagnosis had longer average survival times (9.3 years and 8.1 years, respectively; P=0.001) compared with patients who persistently used or used the medicines prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that patients treated with statins after cancer diagnosis were significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality (aHR =0.24, 95% CI =0.09–0.66) compared to patients who did not use statins during the study period. Patients treated with metformin after cancer diagnosis were significantly associated more with an increased risk of mortality (aHR =6.78, 95% CI =2.45–18.77) compared to patients who did not use metformin during the study period. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the average survival time was similar among different medicine use groups in patients with diabetes. Conclusion The finding suggests that statins and metformin use after prostate cancer diagnosis may increase survival in patients with hyperlipidemia and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Jie Si-Tu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510655, China,
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510655, China,
| | - Yunhua Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Mingkun Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Caiyong Lai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Heng-Jui Chang
- Department of Radiation Therapy Oncology, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan,
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510655, China,
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Rho kinase, a potential target in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1024-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Gmitrov J. Why Should be the Strategy of Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Radically Changed. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rjdnmd-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a root cause of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) appearing long time before the outbreak of hyperglycemia. On molecular level, a complex impairment of various biochemical processes occurs, the most important being the failure of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymatic chain responsible for activation of glucose transporters and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Therefore, in insulin resistant states the defect of glucose utilization is coupled with NO deficit and vasodilatory impairment, generating a huge body of residual cardiovascular risk. However, majority of drugs administered to treat T2DM (sulfonylureas, high doses of insulin) even amplify this malignant relationship, reflected by aggravated obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Early and tight glycemic control strategy is helpful to prevent cardiovascular complications in younger diabetics and harmful for long lasting diabetes in older patients, dying mostly from macrovascular complications (80%) for which hyperglycemia, responsible primarily for microvascular impairment, is a weak risk factor compared with hypercholesterolemia or high blood pressure. Glucocentric paradigm of T2DM treatment should be therefore revised in favor of pathophysiologic approaches with drugs selected to address multifactorial risk, affecting different components of diabetes pathophysiology, to achieve hypoglycemic goals without worsening obesity, insulin resistance, sympathetic overactivity and NO deficit, for example with dual or triple combinations (with dosage adjusted to glycemia) such as: metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + GLP-1 agonist or metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + pyoglitazone. Patients should be strongly advised to enhance physical activity, reduce body weight this being the most effective method to decrease insulin resistance, the key factor of extensive cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Gmitrov
- Pro Vitae Hospital, Diabetology Clinic , Gelnica , Slovak Republic
- Krompachy Hospital, Agel SK Inc., Diabetology Clinic , Krompachy , Slovak Republic
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Abstract
An employee undergoing cancer treatment was prescribed metformin, a medication used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and currently used as adjunct therapy for cancer. Metformin’s anti-inflammatory properties inhibit tumor growth. It is speculated that cancer cells develop a metabolism that enhances aerobic glycolysis, which promotes cell growth and increases the need for glucose. Metformin decreases insulin in the blood, which decreases the amount of glucose available to cancer cells, thus starving the cells of nutrition, resulting in cell death. This case study explores the role of metformin in cancer treatment, with implications for occupational health nurses.
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16
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Mansour HH, El kiki SM, Galal SM. Metformin and low dose radiation modulates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in rat via PPAR-γ and MAPK pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahon RN, Hafner R. Immune Cell Regulatory Pathways Unexplored as Host-Directed Therapeutic Targets for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Opportunity to Apply Precision Medicine Innovations to Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61Suppl 3:S200-16. [PMID: 26409283 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of novel antimicrobial drugs in development for tuberculosis treatment has provided an impetus for the discovery of adjunctive host-directed therapies (HDTs). Several promising HDT candidates are being evaluated, but major advancement of tuberculosis HDTs will require understanding of the master or "core" cell signaling pathways that control intersecting immunologic and metabolic regulatory mechanisms, collectively described as "immunometabolism." Core regulatory pathways conserved in all eukaryotic cells include poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Critical interactions of these signaling pathways with each other and their roles as master regulators of immunometabolic functions will be addressed, as well as how Mycobacterium tuberculosis is already known to influence various other cell signaling pathways interacting with them. Knowledge of these essential mechanisms of cell function regulation has led to breakthrough targeted treatment advances for many diseases, most prominently in oncology. Leveraging these exciting advances in precision medicine for the development of innovative next-generation HDTs may lead to entirely new paradigms for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS-Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Richard Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Jankyova S, Rubintova D, Janosikova L, Panek P, Foltanova T, Kralova E. The Effects of Pycnogenol® as Add-on Drug to Metformin Therapy in Diabetic Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1354-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Jankyova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Rubintova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Janosikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Panek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Foltanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
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Abbasnezhad A, Niazmand S, Mahmoudabady M, Soukhtanloo M, Rezaee SA, Mousavi SM. Nigella sativa seed decreases endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat aorta. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:67-76. [PMID: 27247923 PMCID: PMC4884219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. The great percent of morbidity in patients with diabetes is due to endothelial dysfunction. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcholic extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on contractile and dilatation response of isolated aorta in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into six experimental groups (control, untreated STZ-diabetic, and N. sativa hydroalcholic extract or metformin-treated diabetic rats). Treated rats received N. sativa extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) by gavage, daily for 6 weeks. Isolated rat thoracic rings were mounted in an organ bath system then contractile and dilatation responses induced by phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in different situations. RESULTS The lower concentrations of N. sativa seed extract (DE 100 and DE 200) and metformin significantly reduced the contractile responses to higher concentrations of PE (10(-6) - 10(-5) M) compared to diabetic group (p<0.05 to p<0.01). The relaxation response to Ach 10(-8) M, was increased in DE 200 and metformin groups compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). The relaxation responses to Ach 10(-7) - 10(-5) M were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to diabetic group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). CONCLUSION Chronic administration of N. sativa seed extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and improves aortic reactivity to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +985138002225, Fax: +985138828564,
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rajabi S, Mazloom Z, Zamani A, Tabatabaee HR. Effect of Low Glycemic Index Diet Versus Metformin on Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e23091. [PMID: 26587028 PMCID: PMC4648126 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.23091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to be highly prevalent and contributes to a rapidly growing problem worldwide. The most important therapeutic intervention for metabolic syndrome is diet modification, an intervention whose efficacy has been proven for metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of low glycemic index diet versus metformin on MetS components in adults with MetS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one adults with MetS participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of metformin and low glycemic index diet. The intervention period was eight weeks. The studied participants were compared at baseline and the end of the trial, regarding the following factors: weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c and lipid profiles (Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). RESULTS The anthropometric measurements, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c, serum lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C) and lipoprotein ratio (LDL/HDL) showed a significant decrease after the intervention in both groups (P < 0.05). Comparison of the difference between the two groups was not significant, except for the mean reduction in FBS, which was more in the metformin group although this was not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the assumption that low glycemic index diet as well as metformin can positively affect metabolic syndrome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Zohreh Mazloom, Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7137251001, Fax. +98-7137260225, E-mail:
| | - Ali Zamani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Tabatabaee
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Tripathi DM, Erice E, Lafoz E, García-Calderó H, Sarin SK, Bosch J, Gracia-Sancho J, García-Pagán JC. Metformin reduces hepatic resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G301-9. [PMID: 26138461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00010.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased hepatic vascular resistance is the primary factor in the development of portal hypertension. Metformin ameliorates vascular cells function in several vascular beds. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects, and the underlying mechanisms, of metformin on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats and its possible interaction with the effects of propranolol (Prop), the current standard treatment for portal hypertension. CCl4-cirrhotic rats received by gavage metformin 300 mg/kg or its vehicle once a day for 1 wk, before mean arterial pressure (MAP), portal pressure (PP), portal blood flow (PBF), hepatic vascular resistance, and putative molecular/cellular mechanisms were measured. In a subgroup of cirrhotic rats, the hemodynamic response to acute Prop (5 mg/kg iv) was assessed. Effects of metformin ± Prop on PP and MAP were validated in common bile duct ligated-cirrhotic rats. Metformin-treated CCl4-cirrhotic rats had lower PP and hepatic vascular resistance than vehicle-treated rats, without significant changes in MAP or PBF. Metformin caused a significant reduction in liver fibrosis (Sirius red), hepatic stellate cell activation (α-smooth muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β polypeptide, transforming growth factor-βR1, and Rho kinase), hepatic inflammation (CD68 and CD163), superoxide (dihydroethidium staining), and nitric oxide scavenging (protein nitrotyrosination). Prop, by decreasing PBF, further reduced PP. Similar findings were observed in common bile duct ligated-cirrhotic rats. Metformin administration reduces PP by decreasing the structural and functional components of the elevated hepatic resistance of cirrhosis. This effect is additive to that of Prop. The potential impact of this pharmacological combination, otherwise commonly used in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes, needs clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh M Tripathi
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Eva Erice
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Erica Lafoz
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Héctor García-Calderó
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; and
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Victor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Diaz-Morales N, Lopez-Domenech S, Escribano-López I, Rios-Navarro C, Alvarez A, Gomez M, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A. Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:167-73. [PMID: 26188541 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the effect of metformin treatment on metabolic parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects. METHODS The study population consisted of 40 reproductive-age women with PCOS, who underwent treatment with metformin during a 12-week period, and their corresponding matched controls (n = 44). We evaluated endocrinological parameters, adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) in serum. In addition, interactions between human umbilical vein endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were assessed by flow chamber microscopy. In addition, a group of type 2 diabetes patients who underwent treatment with metformin during a 12-week period was incorporated into the study. RESULTS Metformin produced beneficial effects on PCOS patients by decreasing polymorphonuclear (PMN) rolling flux and adhesion. It also decreased levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-6 and ΤΝFα. In addition, metformin induced an improvement of endocrine and anthropometric parameters in PCOS subjects by reducing glucose, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and androstendione, and by increasing dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). Metformin also had beneficial effects in type 2 diabetic subjects by reducing body weight, waist circumference and PMN adhesion, and by increasing PMN rolling velocity. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the modulating effect of metformin on leukocyte/endothelium interactions. These findings may explain the potential beneficial effect of metformin in reducing the risk of vascular events in PCOS patients and in insulin resistance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-López
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar Rios-Navarro
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain; Fundación General de Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gomez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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