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Salimi A, Khezri S, Vahabzadeh Z, Rajabi P, Samimi R, Adhami V. Hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid attenuate atorvastatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibition of mitochondrial swelling and maintenance of mitochondrial function in pancreas isolated mitochondria. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22199. [PMID: 38812443 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
It has been reported that lipophilic statins such as atorvastatin can more readily penetrate into β-cells and reach the mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, decrease in insulin release. Many studies have shown that natural products can protect mitochondrial dysfunction induced by drug in different tissue. We aimed to explore mitochondrial protection potency of hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid as natural compounds against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by atorvastatin in pancreas isolated mitochondria. Mitochondria were isolated form rat pancreas and directly treated with toxic concentration of atorvastatin (500 µM) in presence of various concentrations hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid (1, 10, and 100 µM) separately. Mitochondrial toxicity parameters such as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, succinate dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were measured. Our findings demonstrated that atorvastatin directly induced mitochondrial toxicity at concentration of 500 μM and higher in pancreatic mitochondria. Except MDA, atorvastatin caused significantly reduction in SDH activity, mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation, depletion of GSH, and collapse of MMP. While, our data showed that all three protective compounds at low concentrations ameliorated atorvastatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction with the increase of SDH activity, improvement of mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse and mitochondrial GSH, and reduction of ROS formation. We can conclude that hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid can directly reverse the toxic of atorvastatin in rat pancreas isolated mitochondria, which may be beneficial for protection against diabetogenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zoleikhah Vahabzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Paria Rajabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rojin Samimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahed Adhami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Ardekani A, Tabrizi R, Maleki E, Bagheri Lankarani K, Heydari ST, Moradinazar M, Akbari M. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on lipid profiles and liver enzymes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Valiasr Hospital Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Elham Maleki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Rosuvastatin and co-enzyme Q10 improve high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats via ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative burden. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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L-Carnosine Stimulation of Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Promotes Improved Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050793. [PMID: 34067694 PMCID: PMC8156016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes leads to oxidative stress, which drives disease progression and diabetes complications. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, improves metabolic control, wound healing and kidney function in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, possesses similar protective effects on diabetes complications. We aimed to study the effect of carnosine on CoQ, and assess any synergistic effects of carnosine and CoQ on improved mitochondrial function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Carnosine enhanced CoQ gene expression and increased hepatic CoQ biosynthesis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. Co-administration of Carnosine and CoQ improved mitochondrial function, lowered ROS formation and reduced signs of oxidative stress. Our work suggests that carnosine exerts beneficial effects on hepatic CoQ synthesis and when combined with CoQ, improves mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance in the liver of diabetic mice. (4) Conclusions: L-carnosine has beneficial effects on oxidative stress both alone and in combination with CoQ on hepatic mitochondrial function in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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Kim HN, Jeon DG, Lim Y, Jang IS. The effects of coenzyme Q 10 supplement on blood lipid indices and hepatic antioxidant defense system in SD rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Lab Anim Res 2020; 35:13. [PMID: 32257901 PMCID: PMC7081576 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 24 SD rats were allotted to four treatment groups such as the control (CON), 1% of cholesterol diet (CHO), 0.5% of coenzyme Q10 (COQ) and 1% of cholesterol plus 0.5% of coenzyme Q10 (CHCQ) groups to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the antioxidant defense system in rats. The body weight, weight gain, liver weight and abdominal fat pads were unaffected by 0.5% of CoQ10 supplement in the rats. The level of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels in the blood was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the 1% of cholesterol supplement (CHO), whereas 0.5% of CoQ10 supplement (COQ) did not alter these blood lipid indices. In the mRNA expression, there was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the CoQ10 supplement on the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), although the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was unaffected by cholesterol or the CoQ10 supplement. Similar to mRNA expression of SOD, its activity was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) by CoQ10, but not by the cholesterol supplement effect. The activities hepatic GPX and GST were unaffected by CoQ10 and cholesterol supplements in rats. Lipid peroxidation in the CHO group resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase compared with that in the other groups, indicating that the CoQ10 supplement to 1% of cholesterol-fed rats alleviated the production of lipid peroxidation in the liver. In conclusion, 0.5% of the CoQ10 supplement resulted in positive effects on the hepatic antioxidant defense system without affecting blood lipid indices in 1% of cholesterol fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Kim
- 1Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, and the Regional Animal Research Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Chilam-Dong 150, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725 Korea
| | - Dong-Gyung Jeon
- 1Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, and the Regional Animal Research Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Chilam-Dong 150, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725 Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Univerisity, Busan, 47340 Korea
| | - In-Surk Jang
- 1Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, and the Regional Animal Research Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Chilam-Dong 150, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725 Korea
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Ibrahim Fouad G. Synergistic anti-atherosclerotic role of combined treatment of omega-3 and co-enzyme Q10 in hypercholesterolemia-induced obese rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03659. [PMID: 32258512 PMCID: PMC7118318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder associated with atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 and/or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Rats were divided into five groups; (1): served as the negative control, (2): served as hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, (3): HC-rats administrated omega-3 orally, (4): HC-rats administrated CoQ10 orally, and (5): HC-rats administered the combination treatment of both omega-3 and CoQ10. Lipid profile was assayed and cardiovascular risk indices were calculated. Serum levels of Adiponectin (APN) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) were determined using ELISA. Besides, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) were assayed in the heart homogenate. Histopathological investigation of the aortae and heart tissues were investigated. The results revealed that atherogenic HC-rats demonstrated a significant elevation in lipid profiles, except for HDL-C, along with decreased levels of APN, but increased CK-MB activities. Hypercholesterolemia increased lipid peroxidation, reduced NO production, and decreased GSH content in the cardiac tissue. Treatment of atherogenic HC-rats with omega-3 and/or CoQ10 improved dyslipidemia and ameliorated most of the HC-induced biochemical and histopathological changes. The histological observations of aortae and cardiac tissues validated our biochemical results. We concluded that the combined treatment of nutraceuticals such as omega-3 and CoQ10 demonstrated the best outcome, demonstrating their anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, and atheroprotective potentials. Together, this study supports a beneficial role of dietary co-administration of omega-3 and CoQ10 in obese patients who are prone to develop cardiovascular disorders.
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Pinitol consumption improves liver health status by reducing oxidative stress and fatty acid accumulation in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:3680757. [PMID: 31057608 PMCID: PMC6463567 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3680757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively.
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Javanmardi MA, Mohammad Shahi M, Seyedian SS, Haghighizadeh MH. Effects of Phytosterol Supplementation on Serum Levels of Lipid Profiles, Liver Enzymes, Inflammatory Markers, Adiponectin, and Leptin in Patients Affected by Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:1-8. [PMID: 29768109 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1466739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering the high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and based on the evidence about the role of dietary cholesterol in liver inflammation, and also with regard to the effect of phytosterols on the metabolism of cholesterol, we aimed at exploring the therapeutic potential of phytosterol supplementation against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. METHOD Thirty-eight patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly divided into two groups: The phytosterol group (n = 19) received a 1.6-g phytosterol supplement daily and the control group (n = 19) received 1.6 g starch daily as placebo for an 8-week period. Blood samples of all patients were taken at baseline (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 8) for measurement of lipid profiles, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and leptin. RESULTS Phytosterol supplementation significantly improved the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha compared to the placebo group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the two groups in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, interleukin 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and leptin. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that daily consumption of 1.6 g phytosterols efficiently lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Javanmardi
- a Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad Shahi
- b Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Seyedian
- c Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of the Digestive System, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haghighizadeh
- d Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Lacourt TE, Vichaya EG, Chiu GS, Dantzer R, Heijnen CJ. The High Costs of Low-Grade Inflammation: Persistent Fatigue as a Consequence of Reduced Cellular-Energy Availability and Non-adaptive Energy Expenditure. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:78. [PMID: 29755330 PMCID: PMC5932180 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic or persistent fatigue is a common, debilitating symptom of several diseases. Persistent fatigue has been associated with low-grade inflammation in several models of fatigue, including cancer-related fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. However, it is unclear how low-grade inflammation leads to the experience of fatigue. We here propose a model of an imbalance in energy availability and energy expenditure as a consequence of low-grade inflammation. In this narrative review, we discuss how chronic low-grade inflammation can lead to reduced cellular-energy availability. Low-grade inflammation induces a metabolic switch from energy-efficient oxidative phosphorylation to fast-acting, but less efficient, aerobic glycolytic energy production; increases reactive oxygen species; and reduces insulin sensitivity. These effects result in reduced glucose availability and, thereby, reduced cellular energy. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with increased willingness to exert effort under specific circumstances. Circadian-rhythm changes and sleep disturbances might mediate the effects of inflammation on cellular-energy availability and non-adaptive energy expenditure. In the second part of the review, we present evidence for these metabolic pathways in models of persistent fatigue, focusing on chronic fatigue syndrome and cancer-related fatigue. Most evidence for reduced cellular-energy availability in relation to fatigue comes from studies on chronic fatigue syndrome. While the mechanistic evidence from the cancer-related fatigue literature is still limited, the sparse results point to reduced cellular-energy availability as well. There is also mounting evidence that behavioral-energy expenditure exceeds the reduced cellular-energy availability in patients with persistent fatigue. This suggests that an inability to adjust energy expenditure to available resources might be one mechanism underlying persistent fatigue.
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Fabis J, Mikhailidis DP, von Haehling S, Sahebkar A, Rysz J, Banach M. Prosarcopenic Effects of Statins May Limit Their Effectiveness in Patients with Heart Failure. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:331-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mahmoud MO, Aboud HM, Hassan AH, Ali AA, Johnston TP. Transdermal delivery of atorvastatin calcium from novel nanovesicular systems using polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters: Ameliorated effect without liver toxicity in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Control Release 2017; 254:10-22. [PMID: 28344015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a cholesterol-lowering agent, suffers from poor systemic availability (14%) after oral administration in addition to other side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, liver and muscle. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present investigation was to improve ATV bioavailability and overcome complications attendant with peroral administration by developing a new nanovesicular system encapsulating ATV for its delivery via the transdermal route. METHODS The vesicular systems were prepared by incorporating different polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters such as Labrasol, Cremophor EL, Gelucire 44/14 and Tween 80 as edge activators (EAs) in the lipid bilayer. The effect of the phosphatidylcholine (PC):EA molar ratio on the physicochemical properties of the vesicles was investigated. The pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were evaluated in rats. The optimized formulation was tested in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The plasma lipid profile, activity of liver enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS The results revealed high ATV entrapment efficiency (EE%) ranging from 55.62 to 83.91%. The formulations that contained Labrasol showed the highest EE%. The mean diameter of the vesicles was in the range of 186-583nm. T8 containing Gelucire 44/14 as an EA in the molar ratio of 15:1 (PC:EA) gave the smallest size and exhibited the best permeation parameters across the skin. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed that about three times statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability, after transdermal administration of nanotransfersomal ATV gel compared to oral ATV suspension. The transdermal vesicular system exhibited a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol comparable to oral ATV. Additionally, it lowered the malondialdehyde levels in plasma and abolished the increase in liver enzyme activity. CONCLUSION The results obtained suggest that the proposed transdermal vesicular system can serve as a promising alternative means for delivery of ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba M Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amira H Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Kumar KJS, Wang SY. Antioxidant Properties of Antrodia cinnamomea: An Extremely Rare and Coveted Medicinal Mushroom Endemic to Taiwan. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Mustafa HN, El Awdan SA, Hegazy GA, Abdel Jaleel GA. Prophylactic role of coenzyme Q10 and Cynara scolymus L on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats: Biochemical and immunohistochemical study. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:649-56. [PMID: 26729958 PMCID: PMC4689020 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.169588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Cynara scolymus L (CS) on doxorubicin (dox)-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: Sixty male rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 as a control. Group 2 received dox (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 3 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg). Group 4 received CS (500 mg/kg). Group 5 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). Group 6 received CS (500 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). The rats were then evaluated biochemically and immunohistochemically. Results: Dox produced a significant deterioration of hepatic and renal functional parameters. Moreover, an upsurge of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was increased and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was decreased. Administration of CoQ10 and CS resulted in a significant improvement of hepatic and renal functional parameters, and an improvement of both α-SMA and PCNA. Conclusion: It is concluded that pretreatment with CoQ10 and CS is associated with up-regulation of favorable protective enzymes and down-regulation of oxidative stress. That can be advised as a supplement to dox-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham N Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Gluba-Brzozka A, Franczyk B, Toth PP, Rysz J, Banach M. Molecular mechanisms of statin intolerance. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:645-58. [PMID: 27279860 PMCID: PMC4889699 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in primary and secondary prevention. Despite their efficacy, many persons are unable to tolerate statins due to adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and myalgia/myopathy. In the case of most patients, it seems that mild-to-moderate abnormalities in liver and muscle enzymes are not serious adverse effects and do not outweigh the benefits of coronary heart disease risk reduction. The risk for mortality or permanent organ damage ascribed to statin use is very small and limited to cases of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Statin-induced muscle-related adverse events comprise a highly heterogeneous clinical disorder with numerous, complex etiologies and a variety of genetic backgrounds. Every patient who presents with statin-related side effects cannot undergo the type of exhaustive molecular characterization that would include all of these mechanisms. Frequently the only solution is to either discontinue statin therapy/reduce the dose or attempt intermittent dosing strategies at a low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzozka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q and Its Role in the Dietary Therapy against Aging. Molecules 2016; 21:373. [PMID: 26999099 PMCID: PMC6273282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring molecule located in the hydrophobic domain of the phospholipid bilayer of all biological membranes. Shortly after being discovered, it was recognized as an essential electron transport chain component in mitochondria where it is particularly abundant. Since then, more additional roles in cell physiology have been reported, including antioxidant, signaling, death prevention, and others. It is known that all cells are able to synthesize functionally sufficient amounts of CoQ under normal physiological conditions. However, CoQ is a molecule found in different dietary sources, which can be taken up and incorporated into biological membranes. It is known that mitochondria have a close relationship with the aging process. Additionally, delaying the aging process through diet has aroused the interest of scientists for many years. These observations have stimulated investigation of the anti-aging potential of CoQ and its possible use in dietary therapies to alleviate the effects of aging. In this context, the present review focus on the current knowledge and evidence the roles of CoQ cells, its relationship with aging, and possible implications of dietary CoQ in relation to aging, lifespan or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
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A mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone modulates muscle lipid profile and improves mitochondrial respiration in obesogenic diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1155-66. [PMID: 26856891 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance is increasing in both developed and developing countries. It is generally accepted that the development of these features is preceded by, or accompanied with, impaired mitochondrial function. The present study was designed to analyse the effects of a mitochondrial-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) on muscle lipid profile modulation and mitochondrial function in obesogenic diet-fed rats. For this purpose, twenty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: (1) control, (2) high fat (HF) and (3) HF+MitoQ. After 8 weeks, mitochondrial function markers and lipid metabolism/profile modifications in skeletal muscle were measured. The HF diet was effective at inducing the major features of the metabolic syndrome--namely, obesity, hepatic enlargement and glucose intolerance. MitoQ intake prevented the increase in rat body weight, attenuated the increase in adipose tissue and liver weights and partially reversed glucose intolerance. At the muscle level, the HF diet induced moderate TAG accumulation associated with important modifications in the muscle phospholipid classes and in the fatty acid composition of total muscle lipid. These lipid modifications were accompanied with decrease in mitochondrial respiration. MitoQ intake corrected the lipid alterations and restored mitochondrial respiration. These results indicate that MitoQ protected obesogenic diet-fed rats from some features of the metabolic syndrome through its effects on muscle lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. These findings suggest that MitoQ is a promising candidate for future human trials in the metabolic syndrome prevention.
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Botham KM, Napolitano M, Bravo E. The Emerging Role of Disturbed CoQ Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Nutrients 2015; 7:9834-46. [PMID: 26633474 PMCID: PMC4690053 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterised by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, is the most common liver disorder, the causes of its development and progression to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a key factor in both these processes, and mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are also believed to play a part. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant found in all cell membranes which has an essential role in mitochondrial respiration and also has anti-inflammatory properties. NAFLD has been shown to be associated with disturbances in plasma and liver CoQ concentrations, but the relationship between these changes and disease development and progression is not yet clear. Dietary supplementation with CoQ has been found to be hepatoprotective and to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation as well as improving mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that it may be beneficial in NAFLD. However, studies using animal models or patients with NAFLD have given inconclusive results. Overall, evidence is now emerging to indicate that disturbances in CoQ metabolism are involved in NAFLD development and progression to NASH, and this highlights the need for further studies with human subjects to fully clarify its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London NW1-0TU, UK.
| | - Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Elena Bravo
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Varela-Lopez A, Bullon P, Battino M, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ochoa JJ, Cordero MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Rubini C, Zizzi A, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q Protects Against Age-Related Alveolar Bone Loss Associated to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rich-Diets by Modulating Mitochondrial Mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Farsi F, Mohammadshahi M, Alavinejad P, Rezazadeh A, Zarei M, Engali KA. Functions of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Markers of Systemic Inflammation, and Adipokines in Patients Affected by Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:346-53. [PMID: 26156412 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1021057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder related to inflammation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural compound that has recently been considered as an anti-inflammatory factor. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on liver enzymes, inflammation status, and adipokines in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Forty-one subjects with NAFLD participated in the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group received CoQ10 capsules (100 mg once a day) and the other received placebo for 12 weeks. Blood samples of each patient were taken before and after the 12-week intervention period for measurement of liver aminotransferases, inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin). RESULTS Taking 100 mg CoQ10 supplement daily resulted in a significant decrease in liver aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor α, and the grades of NAFLD in the CoQ10 group in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, patients who received CoQ10 supplement had higher serum levels of adiponectin (p = 0.016) and considerable changes in serum leptin (p = 0.053). However, no significant changes occurred in serum levels of interleukin-6 in both groups. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that CoQ10 supplement at a dosage of 100 mg could be effective for improving the systemic inflammation and biochemical variables in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Farsi
- a Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , IRAN
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- a Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , IRAN
| | - Pezhman Alavinejad
- b Department of Institute for Infectious Diseases of the Digestive System, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , IRAN
| | - Afshin Rezazadeh
- c Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , IRAN
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- d Department of Statistics, Faculty of Public Health , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , IRAN
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Engali
- e Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , IRAN
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Banach M, Serban C, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Rysz J, Muntner P, Toth PP, Jones SR, Rizzo M, Glasser SP, Lip GYH, Dragan S, Mikhailidis DP. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on statin-induced myopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:24-34. [PMID: 25440725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on statin-induced myopathy. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE databases (November 1, 1987, to May 1, 2014) to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of CoQ10 on muscle pain and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity as 2 measures of statin-induced myalgia. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. RESULTS We included 6 studies with 302 patients receiving statin therapy: 5 studies with 226 participants evaluated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on plasma CK activity, and 5 studies (4 used in the CK analysis and 1 other study) with 253 participants were included to assess the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on muscle pain. Compared with the control group, plasma CK activity was increased after CoQ10 supplementation, but this change was not significant (mean difference, 11.69 U/L [to convert to μkat/L, multiply by 0.0167]; 95% CI, -14.25 to 37.63 U/L; P=.38). Likewise, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant effect on muscle pain despite a trend toward a decrease (standardized mean difference, -0.53; 95% CI, -1.33 to 0.28; P=.20). No dose-effect association between changes in plasma CK activity (slope, -0.001; 95% CI, -0.004 to 0.001; P=.33) or in the indices of muscle pain (slope, 0.002; 95% CI, -0.005 to 0.010; P=.67) and administered doses of CoQ10 were observed. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials do not suggest any significant benefit of CoQ10 supplementation in improving statin-induced myopathy. Larger, well-designed trials are necessary to confirm the findings from this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Peter P Toth
- Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL
| | - Steven R Jones
- Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL; The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stephen P Glasser
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simona Dragan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, UK
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Farhangi MA, Alipour B, Jafarvand E, Khoshbaten M. Oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: effects on serum vaspin, chemerin, pentraxin 3, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:589-95. [PMID: 25450583 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver injury. Chronic exposure to oxidative stress leads to depletion of liver antioxidants and abnormal cytokine production; antioxidant therapy is one of the main therapeutic lines in NAFLD. In the current study we aimed to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) therapy on several adipocytokines and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD. METHODS In the current randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial 44 NAFLD patients were enrolled. After randomization into two groups, 22 patients received 100 mg/day coQ10 capsules and 22 patients received placebo daily for 4 weeks. BMI and WHR were calculated for patients at the beginning and end of the study and blood samples were obtained from the patients to measure serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin resistance (IR), vaspin, chemerin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and markers of oxidative stress including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS After 4 weeks of coQ10 supplementation, waist circumference (WC) and serum AST and TAC concentrations significantly decreased in intervention group (p <0.05) but no significant changes occurred in placebo-treated group. In stepwise multivariate linear regression model, change in serum FSG was a significant predictor of changes in serum vaspin, chemerin and pentraxin 3 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed a potential for coQ10 therapy in improving several anthropometric and biochemical variables in NAFLD. Longer studies with higher doses of coQ10 are required to further evaluate this potential benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beytollah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Jafarvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Khoshbaten
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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de Dieu Ndikubwimana J, Lee BH. Enhanced production techniques, properties and uses of coenzyme Q10. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1917-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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