1
|
Kipchumba B, Gitonga F, Jepchirchir C, Gitau GW, Okanya PW, Amwayi PW, Isaac AO, Nyabuga NJ. Alcohol spiked with zolpidem and midazolam potentiates inflammation, oxidative stress and organ damage in a mouse model. Forensic Toxicol 2024; 42:45-59. [PMID: 37814103 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crime-related spiking of alcoholic drinks with prescription drugs is quite common and has been happening for centuries. This study, therefore, evaluated the effects of oral administration of alcohol spiked with the zolpidem and midazolam potent sedatives on inflammation, oxidative stress and various organ damage in male Swiss albino mice. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned into six treatment groups; the first group constituted the normal control, the second group received 50 mg/kg body weight of zolpidem only, the third group received 50 mg/kg body weight zolpidem dissolved in 5 g/kg alcohol, the fourth group received 50 mg/kg midazolam only, the fifth group received midazolam (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 5 g/kg alcohol and the sixth group received 5 g/kg alcohol. RESULTS Alcohol-induced significant reduction in neurological function and altered blood hematological indicators. Such neurological impairment and negative effects on blood were exacerbated in mice administered with spiked alcohol. Additionally, midazolam and zolpidem enhanced alcohol-driven elevation of liver function markers; the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Exposure to alcohol and/or spiked alcohol led to significant augmentation of nitric oxide and malonaldehyde, with concomitant depletion of liver glutathione (GSH) levels. Similarly, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon-gamma were increased by co-exposure with midazolam or zolpidem. Alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were amplified by exposure to alcohol spiked with midazolam/zolpidem. CONCLUSION Exposure to alcohol spiked with midazolam or zolpidem appears to exacerbate neurological deficits, inflammation, oxidative stress, and organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biwott Kipchumba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Francis Gitonga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Careen Jepchirchir
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Grace Wairimu Gitau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Patrick W Okanya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Peris Wanza Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Nyariki James Nyabuga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, 52428, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Liu C, Chen X, Lu S, Chen J. Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of Ixeris denticulate water extract on liver cirrhosis in experimental rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:175. [PMID: 32503634 PMCID: PMC7275494 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the protective effect and mechanisms of Ixeris denticulate water extract (IDWE) in the development of liver cirrhosis in experimental rat. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group and IDWE (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) treatment groups. Alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin (ALB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue were evaluated, respectively. The liver index, liver morphology and liver histopathological analysis were detected as a supportive data. The liver protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed by western blot, and NF-κB p65 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS The result showed that a significantly decrease in the levels of serum AST, ALT and serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in IDWE-treated rats. The levels of serum ALB and SOD in liver tissue were markedly increased after IDWE treated, compared with model rats. Furthermore, IDWE-treated group also exhibited a down-regulated protein expression of NF-κB p65 and Bax, up-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS IDWE could effectively alleviate the course of liver cirrhosis in rat model, which may be a potent hepatoprotective agent in clinical therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 321012, China.
| | - Changling Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 321012, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 321012, China
| | - Shengjia Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 321012, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 321012, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mo Q, Zhou G, Xie B, Ma B, Zang X, Chen Y, Cheng L, Zhou JH, Wang Y. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of Yigan mingmu oral liquid against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32024513 PMCID: PMC7076881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yigan mingmu oral liquid (YGMM) is a herbal medicine based on a famous Chinese herbal formula that has been used for sore eyes for more than 400 years. Eye health is closely associated with the liver based on TCM. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of YGMM against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats. Methods Experimental rats were administered with silymarin and YGMM through the gastric gavage during the entire experiment. Starting from the 11th day, the rats were administered orally with 14 ml/kg Red Star Erguotou Liquor, a popular brand, at 4 h after the dose of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and YGMM (1, 2.5 and 5 ml/kg in low, middle and high dosage group, respectively) once a day for 4 weeks except for the rats in the normal group. Biochemical parameters, including ALT, AST, TB, TG, T-SOD, GSH, and MDA were detected to evaluate the protective effect of YGMM. Pathological changes were observed through histopathological examination. Results Treatment with YGMM exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, TB, TG, and GSH) and histopathological changes. Histopathological examination by Oil Red O Staining Solution showed that lipid droplets were significantly reduced in the silymarin and YGMM groups (p < 0.001) when compared to alcohol group. Conclusions YGMM exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity against acute liver injury induced by alcohol in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Mo
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baibo Xie
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zang
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyou Cheng
- Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China
| | - James Hua Zhou
- Beijing Hebabiz Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Hebabiz Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, National and Region joint Engineering Center for Anticancer Drug Development, Qinzhou, 535008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei L, Wang Z, Xia Y, Liu B. The mechanism and tumor inhibitory study of Lagopsis supine ethanol extract on colorectal cancer in nude mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:173. [PMID: 31299960 PMCID: PMC6624892 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to determination the tumor inhibitory effect and explore the potential mechanisms of Lagopsis supine ethanol extract (Ls) on colorectal cancer. Methods The cell growth inhibition experiment of Ls in colorectal cancer cell lines was determined by MTT method in the time course of 24, 48 and 72 h in four gradient drug concentrations. The protein expression levels of pSTAT3, pJAK2, STAT3, JAK2, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 were measured by Western blot method. The mRNA levels of the downstream genes of STAT3 were detected through semi-quantitative RT PCR. Sixty Balb/c-nude mice were xenograft with HCT116 colorectal cancer cells through subcutaneously. The xenografts were divided into five groups: model group, positive group (capecitabine 300 mg/kg) and three dosages of Ls treated groups (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg). Tumor size and tumor weight were calculated for evaluation the anti-tumor effects. H & E staining and immunohistochemical analysis were used to determine the histopathological changes and the levels of pSTAT3 and pJAK2 in the tumor tissues. Results Ls exhibited a significant anti-proliferation effect in HCT116 and SW480 cells in vitro. The protein levels of pSTAT3, pJAK2 and Bcl-2, and the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bak notably reduced with a dose-dependent manner. While the protein levels of caspase 3, and mRNA levels of Bax and caspase-3 remarkably increased in the gradient dosage of Ls in HCT116 cells. HCT116 in vivo xenografts experiment showed that the growth of the tumors significantly inhibited by Ls administration, which with no any significant body weight changes in each experiment group. The histopathology analysis displayed that Ls significantly reduced the inflammatory cells in tumor tissue. Furthermore, Ls also significantly down-regulate the protein levels of pSTAT3 and pJAK2 in the tumor tissues, compared with the model group. Conclusions This work shows that Ls inhibited the cell proliferation of colorectal cancer in vitro and significantly reduced the tumor growth in HCT116 xenografts in vivo, which is probably related with the JAK/STAT signal pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Belaouira R, Marchioni E, Benayache F, Benayache S. On-line screening and identification of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds of Convolvulus trabutianus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1490-1493. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1510398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randa Belaouira
- Unité de recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques. Université frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 CNRS/UDS), Illkirch, France
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Unité de recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques. Université frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de recherche: Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques. Université frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Y, Xiong W, Li J, Hu A, He Z, Zhang J, Zhou G, Yin Q. Mechanism of TangGanJian on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:567-572. [PMID: 30460863 PMCID: PMC6249541 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1504972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT TangGanJian (TGJ) has a curative effect in the clinical treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the mechanism involved in the treatment process remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study details the mechanism of TGJ on the treatment of NAFLD with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS NAFLD was induced in T2DM rat model. Male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups: Group I (control), Group II (model), Group III (pioglitazone, 0.5 mg/kg), Group IV (high dose of TGJ, 24.8 g/kg), Group V (middle dose of TGJ, 12.4 g/kg) and Group VI (low dose of TGJ, 6.2 g/kg). All rats in each group were treated with the corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks. Haematoxylin and eosin analysis was conducted. The indicators of inflammatory and oxidative stress were analysed utilizing one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The contents of TNF-α (15.794 ± 3.302 pg/mL), IL-6 (76.801 ± 8.491 pg/mL), IL-1β (100.101 ± 13.150 pg/mL), CRP (1.052 ± 0.079 pg/mL) and MDA (3.972 ± 0.159 pg/mL) were obviously elevated in NAFLD with T2DM rats compared to controls. Except for the IL-6, the levels of other markers declined in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with TGJ. The SOD (14.139 ± 1.479 U/mgprot) and GSH-PX (81.511 ± 5.276 U/mgprot) levels significantly decreased in NAFLD with T2DM rats, while the levels of these indicators increased after treatment with TGJ. CONCLUSIONS TGJ may be a therapy for the NAFLD with T2DM rats by modulating the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress capacity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Interleukin-1beta
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pioglitazone/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Fan
- Science and Education Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
- Post-Doctoral Research Center of Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Vascular Surgery, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Aimin Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guoyun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of Management, Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wulumuqi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Belemets N, Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Kuryk O, Sulaieva O, Vovk T, Beregova T, Ostapchenko L. Polyphenol Compounds Melanin Prevented Hepatic Inflammation in Rats with Experimental Obesity. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 lead to significant reduction of steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning degeneration, according to NAFLD activity score (NAS), in liver of rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity. These histological changes were associated with substantial decrease of TNF-α expression in sinusoid cells that prevented NF-kB activation in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Belemets
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01610, Pushkinska 22a, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kuryk
- Scientific-Practical Center for Prophylactic and Clinical Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tetyana Vovk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Beregova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Liudmila Ostapchenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Gan RY, Li HB. Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical-Induced Liver Injuries. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:472-495. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong YH, Hur HJ, Jeon EJ, Park SJ, Hwang JT, Lee AS, Lee KW, Sung MJ. Honokiol Improves Liver Steatosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010194. [PMID: 29342107 PMCID: PMC6017725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, and is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency are at a higher risk of progression to NAFLD. Estrogen has a protective effect against the progression of the disease. Currently, there are no safe and effective treatments for these liver diseases in postmenopausal women. Honokiol (Ho), a bioactive natural product derived from Magnolia spp, has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-oxidative properties. In our study, we investigated the beneficial effects of Ho on NAFLD in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We divided the mice into four groups, as follows: SHAM, OVX, OVX+β-estradiol (0.4 mg/kg of bodyweight), and OVX+Ho (50 mg/kg of diet). Mice were fed diets with/without Ho for 12 weeks. The bodyweight, epidermal fat, and weights of liver tissue were lower in the OVX group than in the other groups. Ho improved hepatic steatosis and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, Ho markedly downregulated plasma lipid levels. Our results indicate that Ho ameliorated OVX-induced fatty liver and inflammation, as well as associated lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that Ho may be hepatoprotective against NAFLD in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hui Jeong
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Jeon
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jin Taek Hwang
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Ae Sin Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Kyong Won Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang WP, Huang SS, Matsuda Y, Saito H, Uramaru N, Ho HY, Wu JB, Huang GJ. Protective Effects of Tormentic Acid, a Major Component of Suspension Cultures of Eriobotrya japonica Cells, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050830. [PMID: 28524081 PMCID: PMC6154347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to fatal liver damage. The hepatoprotective effects of tormentic acid (TA) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage were investigated in mice. TA was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered for six days prior to APAP administration. Pretreatment with TA prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T-Bil), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and liver lipid peroxide levels in APAP-treated mice and markedly reduced APAP-induced histological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, TA attenuated the APAP-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that TA blocked the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in APAP-injured liver tissues. TA also retained the superoxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of TA may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation. Antioxidative properties were also observed, as shown by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the liver, and decreases in lipid peroxides and ROS. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hui-Ya Ho
- Jen Li Biotech Company Ltd., Taiping District, Taichung 41143, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang W, Guo MH, Hai X. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10180-10188. [PMID: 28028366 PMCID: PMC5155177 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i46.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of lycopene (Ly) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rat.
METHODS A rat model of NAFLD was first established by feeding a high-fat diet for 14 wk. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Ly treatment groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in serum and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated, respectively. While the hepatoprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathological analysis, the expression levels of TNF-α and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 in rat liver were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.
RESULTS A significant decrease was observed in the levels of serum AST (2.07-fold), ALT (2.95-fold), and the blood lipid TG (2.34-fold) and TC (1.66-fold) in the dose of 20 mg/kg Ly-treated rats (P < 0.01), compared to the model group. Pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly raised the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD in a dose-dependent manner, to 90.95 ± 9.56, 109.52 ± 11.34 and 121.25 ± 10.68 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as compared with the model group. Similarly, the levels of GSH were significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) after the Ly treatment. Meanwhile, pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly reduced MDA amount by 30.87, 45.51 and 54.49% in the liver homogenates, respectively (P < 0.01). The Ly treatment group showed significantly decreased levels of lipid products LDL-C (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improved HDL-C level and significantly decreased content of FFA, compared to the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Ly-treated group also exhibited a down-regulated TNF-α and CYP2E1 expression, decreased infiltration of liver fats and reversed histopathological changes, all in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION This study suggests that Ly has a protective effect on NAFLD, down-regulates expression of TNF-α, and that CYP2E1 may be one of the action mechanisms for Ly.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lei FF, Li YJ, Li RG, Li G, Li JK, Li F, Tan HB. Mechanism underlying protective effect of gypenosides against type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4169-4176. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i30.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism underlying protective effect of gypenosides (GPS) against type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (T2DM-NAFLD) in rats.
METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group, T2DM-NAFLD model group, low dose GPS group, medium dose GPS group, and high dose GPS group. The efficacy was confirmed by histopathology, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP4501A1) mRNAs was detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS Immunohistochemical study showed that the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly reduced by GPS, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of PPARγ and CYP4501A1 mRNAs measured by RT-PCR was also significantly down-regulated by GPS. Moreover, GPS decreased the infiltration of liver fats and reversed the histopathological changes in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION GPS protects against T2DM-NAFLD by down-regulating the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, PPARγ and CYP4501A1.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong Q, Chu F, Wu C, Huo Q, Gan H, Li X, Liu H. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract protects against alcohol‑induced acute liver injury in mice and affects the mechanism of ER stress. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3052-62. [PMID: 26936686 PMCID: PMC4805105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to examine the hepatoprotective effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract (Scutellariae Radix extract; SRE) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, and investigate the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the phytochemical analysis of SRE. Animals were administered orally with 50% alcohol (12 ml/kg) 4 h following administration of doses of SRE every day for 14 days, with the exception of normal control group. The protective effect was investigated by measuring the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) and triglyceride (TG) in the serum, and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues. The levels of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) were detected using immunohistochemical localization and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed using terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling. The SRE contained 31.2% baicalin. Pretreatment with SRE had a marked protective effect by reversing the levels of biochemical markers and levels of GRP78 in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with SRE exerted a marked hepatoprotective effect by downregulating the expression of GRP78, which is a marker of ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Huaiyong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shirani K, Hassani FV, Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Heidari S, Zanjani BR, Karimi G. Phytotrapy of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1262-1275. [PMID: 26026872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic drug that can suppress both humoral and cellular immunity. Combining traditional medicinal herbs and chemotherapy drugs are used to improve immunity and quality of life performance status. In this paper, the effects of plant extracts, active components and their derivatives on immunosuppression of CP are discussed. Appropriate keywords were used to search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sciverse. All relevant results published from 1990 to date were chosen for final review. Over 50 references were found in which plant extracts, active components and their derivatives have been tested for their immune protective effects against CP-induced immune toxicity. Although there are several plants shown to be effective in animal models, no study was carried out on human subjects. According to the results; we can claim that plants and their active ingredients are good candidates for alternative adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing the immunotoxicity of CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Heidari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center and Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He Q, Li JK, Li F, Li RG, Zhan GQ, Li G, Du WX, Tan HB. Mechanism of action of gypenosides on type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2058-2066. [PMID: 25717238 PMCID: PMC4326140 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the mechanism of action of gypenosides (GPs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (T2DM-NAFLD) in rats.
METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into a healthy group, an untreated disease model group and GP-treatment groups. The study involved the evaluation of biochemical parameters, including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Additionally, the protective effect of the treatments were confirmed histopathologically and the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB in the rat liver was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A1 mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS: GP treatments at oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg per day significantly decreased the levels of serum AST and ALT (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), especially at the dose of 800 mg/kg per day. To a similar extent, GP at 800 mg/kg per day reduced the levels of BG (4.19 ± 0.47, P < 0.01), TG (80.08 ± 10.05, P < 0.01), TC (134.38 ± 16.39, P < 0.01) and serum insulin (42.01 ± 5.04, P < 0.01). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB measured by immunohistochemistry was significantly reduced by GPs in a dose-dependent manner, and the expression of PPARγ and CYP4501A1 mRNA, as measured using quantitative real-time PCR, were significantly down-regulated by GPs. Moreover, GPs decreased the infiltration of liver fats and reversed the histopathological changes in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that GPs have a protective effect against T2DM-NAFLD by down-regulating the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB proteins, and PPARγ and CYP4501A1 mRNAs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao HY, Wang SY, Wang HY, Li GY, Wang LF, Du XW, Han Y, Huang J, Wang JH. Simultaneous quantification of major bioactive constituents from Zhuyeqing Liquor by HPLC-PDA. J Anal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-014-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) is a famous traditional Chinese functional liquor. For quality control of ZYQL products, quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was undertaken.
Methods
Eighteen compounds from ZYQL were simultaneously detected and used as chemical markers in the quantitative analysis, including 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (M1), isobiflorin (M2), vanillic acid (M3), biflorin (M4), genipin 1-O-β-d-gentiobioside (M5), 1-sinapoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (M6), geniposide (M7), epijasmnoside A (M8), ferulic acid (M9), luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (M10), isoorientin (M11), narirutin (M12), hesperidin (M13), 6′-O-sinapoylgeniposide (M14), 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′,7,8-tetramethoxyl flavones (M15), 3′,4′,3,5,6,8-hexamethoxyl flavone (M16), kaempferide (M17), and tangeretin (M18).
Results
The separation by gradient elution was achieved on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with methanol (A)/0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelengths were 254, 278, and 335 nm. The optimized HPLC method provided a good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9991 for all the target compounds), satisfactory precision (RSD values less than 1.47%) and good recovery (97.40% to 103.44%). The limits of detection ranged between 0.20 × 10−4 and 64.90 × 10−4 μg/μL for the different analytes. Furthermore, the optimum sample preparation was obtained from HPD100 column eluted with water and 95% ethanol, respectively.
Conclusions
Quality control of ZYQL products, in total seven samples and twelve parent plants, was examined by this method, and results confirmed its feasibility and reliability in practice.
Collapse
|