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Okusa N, Oh H, Masuno K, Makita Y, Imamura Y. Comparative Study of Ozonated Glycerol and Macrogol Ointment on Bone Matrix Production by Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line Saos-2. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103857. [PMID: 37241484 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ozonated glycerol is glycerol containing ozone, has no unpleasant odor, and has a long half-life. To apply ozonated glycerol for clinical use, ozonated macrogol ointment has been developed by adding macrogol ointment to ozonated glycerol to increase the retention in the affected area. However, the effects of ozone on this macrogol ointment were unclear. The viscosity of the ozonated macrogol ointment was approximately two times higher than that of ozonated glycerol. The effect of the ozonated macrogol ointment on the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 (Saos-2 cells) proliferation, type 1 collagen production, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were studied. The proliferation of Saos-2 cells was assessed using MTT and DNA synthesis assays. Type 1 collagen production and ALP activity were studied using ELISA and ALP assays. Cells were treated for 24 h with or without 0.05, 0.5, or 5 ppm ozonated macrogol ointment. The 0.5 ppm ozonated macrogol ointment significantly elevated Saos-2 cell proliferation, type 1 collagen production, and ALP activity. These results also showed almost the same trend as for ozonated glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Okusa
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hourei Oh
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Makita
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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2
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Imamura Y, Makita Y, Masuno K, Oh H. Inhibitory Mechanism of IL-6 Production by Orento in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line CAL27 Stimulated by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns from Periodontopathogenic Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010697. [PMID: 36614140 PMCID: PMC9821341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orento is a traditional Japanese medicinal kampo preparation that is also prescribed in oral care. In oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL27, orento significantly inhibited periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins (PAMP)-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-6. This suggests that orento negatively regulates PAMP-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Orento significantly suppressed PAMP-stimulated activation of the IL-6 promoter, indicating that orento may suppress the production of IL-6 by PAMP at the transcriptional level. Orento also suppressed TLR-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) that was stimulated by PAMP. This finding indicates that orento may suppress the function and activation of factors involved in TLR signaling, thereby suppressing NF-kB-dependent expression of various genes. Orento suppressed IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK4), IRAK1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in PAMP-stimulated CAL27 cells. This result indicates that orento is involved in the initiation of TLR signaling by PAMP and suppresses the downstream signaling pathways of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kB cascades. These findings suggest that orento has an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Makita
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Center of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hourei Oh
- Center of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3171
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Son KN, Lee H, Shah D, Kalmodia S, Miller RC, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Cologna SM, Kong H, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Histatin-1 is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-2 receptor. FEBS J 2021; 288:6815-6827. [PMID: 34233061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) (a.k.a TMEM97) is an important endoplasmic reticular protein involved in cancer, cholesterol processing, cell migration, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Niemann-Pick Type C. While several S2R pharmacologic agents have been discovered, its recent (2017) cloning has limited biological investigation, and no endogenous ligands of the S2R are known. Histatins are a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides that have numerous important effects in multiple biological systems, including antifungal, antibacterial, cancer pathogenesis, immunomodulation, and wound healing. Histatin-1 (Hst1) has important roles in epithelial wound healing and cell migration, and is the primary wound healing agent in saliva. Little is understood about the downstream machinery that underpins the effects of histatins, and no mammalian receptor is known to date. In this study, we show, using biophysical methods and functional assays, that Hst1 is an endogenous ligand for S2R and that S2R is a mammalian receptor for Hst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Cree Miller
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Alfonso García SL, Parada-Sanchez MT, Arboleda Toro D. The phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and their potential use in advanced therapies. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151123. [PMID: 33070040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Alfonso García
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia; Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia.
| | | | - David Arboleda Toro
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Oh H, Masuno K, Okusa N, Makita Y, Fujiwara SI, Imamura Y. Effect of Orento, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on IL-6, IL-8 Secretion, Type 1 Collagen Production and Alkaline Phosphatase Secretion in the Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line Saos-2. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7100061. [PMID: 32992711 PMCID: PMC7599604 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Orento, a traditional Japanese medicine, is known as Kampo medicine in Japan. We investigated the possible efficacy of Kampo medicine for periodontal disease. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of orento on the proliferation of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, the production of type 1 collagen, and the secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 (Saos-2 cells). Methods: The proliferation of Saos-2 cells was assessed by MTT assay. IL-6 and IL-8 levels, type 1 collagen production and ALP secretion were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ALP assays. Saos-2 cells were treated with or without 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL of orento for 24 h. Results: Orento (10 μg/mL) significantly induced the proliferation of Saos-2 cells. At this concentration, orento suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 and enhanced type 1 collagen production and ALP secretion. Conclusions: These results indicate that orento controls the IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and cellular metabolism of osteoblasts, resulting in the secretion of early bone-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourei Oh
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3171
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Nobutaka Okusa
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Yoshimasa Makita
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-i.F.)
| | - Shin-ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.-i.F.)
| | - Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
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Sokół B, Urbaniak B, Zaremba B, Wąsik N, Kokot ZJ, Jankowski R. CSF Proteomics of Patients with Hydrocephalus and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:244-253. [PMID: 31637049 PMCID: PMC6778397 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with numerous mediators. The aim of the study is to analyse protein changes after SAH in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using mass spectrometry (MS). Methods CSF samples were obtained from forty-four control subjects, seven good outcome and ten poor outcome SAH patients. CSF samples were collected at specific time intervals after SAH (days 1, 5 and 10). MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) and ClinProTools software were utilised for MS, MS/MS (Mass Spectrometry) spectra collection and analysis. Selected masses were identified. The MALDI-TOF profiling experiments allowed for the targeted selection of potential markers in SAH. The study was performed in three steps by comparison of CSF samples: (1) from the control group and SAH patients (both good and poor outcome groups); (2) collected on days 1, 5 and 10 within the groups of poor SAH and good SAH patients, respectively; (3) from poor outcome SAH and good outcome patients at days 1, 5 and 10. Results 15 new proteins whose CSF level is alternated by SAH presence, SAH treatment outcome and time passed since aneurysm rupture were identified. Conclusions We demonstrated new proteins which might play a role in different stages of subarachnoid haemorrhage and could be a new target for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Sokół
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Urbaniak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zaremba
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Norbert Wąsik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zenon J Kokot
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (Faculty of Pharmacy), Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Jankowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Kalmodia S, Son KN, Cao D, Lee BS, Surenkhuu B, Shah D, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Jain S, Aakalu VK. Presence of Histatin-1 in Human Tears and Association with Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10304. [PMID: 31311993 PMCID: PMC6635511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if histatin-1 (H1) is present in normal human tears and whether tear levels of H1 varied between normal patients and those with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE). Patient samples were obtained from 11 normal patients and 11 severe ADDE patients. Relevant patient characteristics, including age, sex, and dry eye disease (DED) diagnostic parameters were collected. Multiple qualitative and quantitative methods were used to compare the concentration of H1 between patient groups. Mixed linear modeling was used to compare H1 levels between groups, and diagnostic performance was assessed using the receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC). ADDE patients had significantly lower H1 concentrations (85.9 ± 63.7 ng/ml) than the normal group (891.6 ± 196.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.001), while controlling for age and sex. ROC analysis indicated that H1 concentration is potentially a biomarker for ADDE (area under curve = 0.96). Reclassification of patients by DED parameters including, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) (≤13, >13) and Schirmer I (without anesthesia) (<10 mm, ≥10 mm) showed significant differences in H1 level (OSDI, p = 0.004) and Schirmer I ((p = 0.010). In conclusion, this is the first preliminary report of the presence of H1 in human tears. H1 concentrations are lower in ADDE patients and H1 may have diagnostic potential in evaluation ADDE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bayasgalan Surenkhuu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Lv Z, Li C, Guo M, Shao Y, Zhang W, Zhao X. Major yolk protein and HSC70 are essential for the activation of the TLR pathway via interacting with MyD88 in Apostichopus japonicus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu S, Liu C, Ji H. Concise Review: Therapeutic Potential of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles for Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Progress and Hypotheses. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:344-354. [PMID: 30618085 PMCID: PMC6431606 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in radiotherapy of thoracic tumors and limits the therapeutic dose of radiation that can be given to effectively control tumors. RILI develops through a complex pathological process, resulting in induction and activation of various cytokines, infiltration by inflammatory cells, cytokine-induced activation of fibroblasts, and subsequent tissue remodeling by activated fibroblasts, ultimately leading to impaired lung function and respiratory failure. Increasing evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a main role in modulating inflammation and immune responses, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells and enhancing regeneration of damaged tissue through soluble paracrine factors and therapeutic extracellular vesicles. Therefore, the use of the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes holds promising potential for RILI therapy. Here, we review recent progress on the potential mechanisms of MSC therapy for RILI, with an emphasis on soluble paracrine factors of MSCs. Hypotheses on how MSC derived exosomes or MSC-released exosomal miRNAs could attenuate RILI are also proposed. Problems and translational challenges of the therapies based on the MSC-derived secretome and exosomes are further summarized and underline the need for caution on rapid clinical translation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:344-354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siguang Xu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular TherapyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular TherapyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at TylerTylerTexasUSA
- Texas Lung Injury InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at TylerTylerTexasUSA
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10
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Wang PL, Tachi Y, Masuno K, Okusa N, Imamura Y. The Effect of Ozone Gel on Bone Matrix Production by Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line Saos-2. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoichi Tachi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
| | - Nobutaka Okusa
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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11
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Wang PL, Tachi Y, Masuno K, Okusa N, Imamura Y. The Study of Ozone Ointment on Human Gingival Fibroblasts Cell Proliferation Ability and Anti-Inflammatory. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoichi Tachi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Tokyo Kasei University
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University
| | - Nobutaka Okusa
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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Pinheiro CR, Coelho AL, de Oliveira CE, Gasparoto TH, Garlet GP, Silva JS, Santos CF, Cavassani KA, Hogaboam CM, Campanelli AP. Recognition of Candida albicans by gingival fibroblasts: The role of TLR2, TLR4/CD14, and MyD88. Cytokine 2017; 106:67-75. [PMID: 29128406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that nonprofessional immune cells such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts also contribute to innate immunity via secretion of cytokines. Fibroblasts are the principal type of cell found in the periodontal connective tissues and they are involved in the immune response during periodontal disease. The role of fibroblasts in the recognition of pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been established; however, few studies have been conducted concerning the involvement of innate immune receptors in the recognition of Candida albicans by gingival fibroblast. In the current study, we investigate the functional activity of TLR2, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) molecules in the recognition of C. albicans by gingival fibroblast. First, we identified that gingival fibroblasts expressed TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4. Our results showed that TLR agonists had no effect on these receptors' expression by TLR2, MyD88, and CD14-deficient cells. Notably, C. albicans and a synthetic triacylated lipoprotein (Pam3CSK4) induced a remarkable increase of TLR3 expression on MyD88-deficient gingival fibroblasts. TLR4 expression levels were lower than TLR2 and TLR3 levels and remained unchanged after TLR agonist stimulation. Gingival fibroblasts presented morphological similarities; however, TLR2 deficiency on these cells leads to a lower proliferative response, whereas the deficiency on CD14 expression resulted in lower levels of type I collagen by these cells. In addition, the recognition of C. albicans by gingival fibroblasts had an effect on the secretion of cytokines and it was dependent on a specific recognition molecule. Specifically, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production after the recognition of C. albicans was dependent on MyD88, CD14, and TLR2 molecules, whereas the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-13 was dependent on TLR2. These findings are the first to describe a role of gingival fibroblast in the recognition of C. albicans and the pathways involved in this process. An understanding of these pathways may lead to alternative treatments for patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramos Pinheiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Angélica Cavassani
- Department of Medicine, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Saibaba G, Rajesh D, Muthukumar S, Sathiyanarayanan G, Padmanabhan P, Akbarsha MA, Gulyás B, Archunan G. Proteomic analysis of human saliva: An approach to find the marker protein for ovulation. Reprod Biol 2016; 16:287-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sanna M, Firinu D, Manconi PE, Pisanu M, Murgia G, Piras V, Castagnola M, Messana I, del Giacco SR, Cabras T. The salivary proteome profile in patients affected by SAPHO syndrome characterized by a top-down RP-HPLC-ESI-MS platform. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1552-62. [PMID: 25671558 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SAPHO syndrome is a rare and often unrecognized disease with prominent inflammatory cutaneous and articular symptoms characterized by musculoskeletal manifestations (synovitis, hyperostosis, osteomyelitis) associated with dermatological conditions (severe acne and pustulosis). The acidic soluble fraction of whole saliva from 10 adult women affected by SAPHO syndrome and from a group of 28 healthy women was analysed by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS with the aim of discovering salivary biomarkers of the disorder. The levels of the oral proteins and peptides were correlated with clinical data. The following proteins showed a significant decreased concentration in saliva of SAPHO subjects with respect to controls: cystatin S1 and SN, histatins, the major acidic PRPs, P-C and P-B peptides. The cystatin SN abundance lowered according to the disease duration and histatins showed positive correlations with the C reactive protein. Statistical analysis performed excluding one patient with a different pattern of salivary proteins/peptides highlighted a positive relationship between cystatin S1, histatins 3, histatin 5, and the neutrophil count. Moreover, histatin 3 correlated positively with the total white cell count and negatively with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Levels and frequency of S100A12 protein showed a trend to increase in SAPHO patients. The high expression of this pro-inflammatory protein is probably related to the inflammatory response and to the altered neutrophil responses to functional stimuli that characterize SAPHO syndrome suggesting a possible application as a salivary biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Imamura Y, Wang PL, Masuno K, Sogawa N. Salivary protein histatin 3 regulates cell proliferation by enhancing p27(Kip1) and heat shock cognate protein 70 ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:269-274. [PMID: 26775844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Histatins are salivary proteins with antimicrobial activities. We previously reported that histatin 3 binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which is constitutively expressed, and induces DNA synthesis stimulation and promotes human gingival fibroblast (HGF) survival. However, the underlying mechanisms of histatin 3 remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the KRHH sequence of histatin 3 at the amino acid positions 5-8 was essential for enhancing p27(Kip1) (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) binding to HSC70 that occurred in a dose-dependent manner; histatin 3 enhanced the binding between p27(Kip1) and HSC70 during the G1/S transition of HGFs as opposed to histatin 3-M(5-8) (substitution of KRHH for EEDD in histatin 3). Histatin 3, but not histatin 3-M(5-8), stimulated DNA synthesis and promoted HGF survival. Histatin 3 dose-dependently enhanced both p27(Kip1) and HSC70 ubiquitination, whereas histatin 3-M(5-8) did not. These findings provide further evidence that histatin 3 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, particularly during G1/S transition, via the ubiquitin-proteasome system of p27(Kip1) and HSC70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Dental Education Innovation, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Norio Sogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Akagi H, Imamura Y, Makita Y, Nakamura H, Hasegawa N, Fujiwara SI, Wang PL. Evaluation of Collagen Type-1 Production and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Human Placental Extracts in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University
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17
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Piao RL, Xiu M, Brigstock DR, Gao RP. An immortalized rat pancreatic stellate cell line RP-2 as a new cell model for evaluating pancreatic fibrosis, inflammation and immunity. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:651-9. [PMID: 26663014 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis and have emerging functions as progenitor cells, immune cells or intermediaries in pancreatic exocrine secretion. Increasing evidence has shown that desmin as an exclusive cytoskeleton marker of PSC is only expressed in part of these cells. This study was to establish a desmin-positive PSC cell line and evaluate its actions on pancreatic fibrosis, inflammation and immunity. METHODS The presence of cytoskeletal proteins, integrin α5β1 or TLR4, was determined by immunocytochemistry while the production of desmin, collagen I, MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-2, or CD14 was evaluated by Western blotting. The levels of desmin, collagen I, IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The secretion of cytokines was detected by ELISA. Cell function was assessed using adhesion, migration, or proliferation assays. RESULTS A stable activated rat PSC cell line (designated as RP-2) was established by RSV promoter/enhancer-driven SV40 large T antigen expression. RP-2 cells retained typical PSC properties, exhibited a myofibroblast-like phenotype and persistently produced desmin. The cells produced collagen I protein, matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors thereof. RP-2 cells demonstrated typical PSC functions, including proliferation, adherence, and migration, the latter two of which occurred in response to fibronectin and were mediated by integrin α5β1. TLR4 and its response genes including proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and chemotactic cytokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, Rantes) were produced by RP-2 cells and activated by LPS. LPS-induced IL-1 or IL-6 mRNA expression in this cell line was fully blocked with MyD88 inhibitor. CONCLUSION RP-2 cells provide a novel tool for analyzing the properties and functions of PSCs in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, inflammation and immunity in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Li Piao
- Department of Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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18
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Bajaj JS, Betrapally NS, Hylemon PB, Heuman DM, Daita K, White MB, Unser A, Thacker LR, Sanyal AJ, Kang DJ, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM. Salivary microbiota reflects changes in gut microbiota in cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2015; 62:1260-71. [PMID: 25820757 PMCID: PMC4587995 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Altered gut microbiome is associated with systemic inflammation and cirrhosis decompensation. However, the correlation of the oral microbiome with inflammation in cirrhosis is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the oral microbiome in cirrhosis and compare with stool microbiome. Outpatients with cirrhosis (with/without hepatic encephalopathy [HE]) and controls underwent stool/saliva microbiome analysis (for composition and function) and also systemic inflammatory evaluation. Ninety-day liver-related hospitalizations were recorded. Salivary inflammation was studied using T helper 1 cytokines/secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), histatins and lysozyme in a subsequent group. A total of 102 patients with cirrhosis (43 previous HE) and 32 age-matched controls were included. On principal component analysis (PCA), stool and saliva microbiome clustered far apart, showing differences between sites as a whole. In salivary microbiome, with previous HE, relative abundance of autochthonous families decreased whereas potentially pathogenic ones (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae) increased in saliva. Endotoxin-related predicted functions were significantly higher in cirrhotic saliva. In stool microbiome, relative autochthonous taxa abundance reduced in previous HE, along with increased Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. Cirrhotic stool microbiota demonstrated a significantly higher correlation with systemic inflammation, compared to saliva microbiota, on correlation networks. Thirty-eight patients were hospitalized within 90 days. Their salivary dysbiosis was significantly worse and predicted this outcome independent of cirrhosis severity. Salivary inflammation was studied in an additional 86 age-matched subjects (43 controls/43 patients with cirrhosis); significantly higher interleukin (IL)-6/IL-1β, secretory IgA, and lower lysozyme, and histatins 1 and 5 were found in patients with cirrhosis, compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiosis, represented by reduction in autochthonous bacteria, is present in both saliva and stool in patients with cirrhosis, compared to controls. Patients with cirrhosis have impaired salivary defenses and worse inflammation. Salivary dysbiosis was greater in patients with cirrhosis who developed 90-day hospitalizations. These findings could represent a global mucosal-immune interface change in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Naga S Betrapally
- Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Douglas M Heuman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kalyani Daita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Melanie B White
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ariel Unser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Leroy R Thacker
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dae Joong Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Exogenous heat shock cognate protein 70 pretreatment attenuates cardiac and hepatic dysfunction with associated anti-inflammatory responses in experimental septic shock. Shock 2015; 42:540-7. [PMID: 25243423 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that intracellular heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) can be released into extracellular space with physiologic effects. However, its extracellular function in sepsis is not clear. In this study, we hypothesize that extracellular HSC70 can protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial and hepatic dysfunction because of its anti-inflammatory actions. In Wistar rats, septic shock developed with hypotension, tachycardia, and myocardial and hepatic dysfunction at 4 h following LPS administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with recombinant bovine HSC70 (20 μg/kg, i.v.) attenuated LPS-induced hypotension and tachycardia by 21% and 23%, respectively (P < 0.05), improved myocardial dysfunction (left ventricular systolic pressure: 33%; max dP/dt: 20%; min dP/dt: 33%, P < 0.05), and prevented hepatic dysfunction (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase: 81 vs. 593 IU/L; glutamic-pyruvic transaminase: 15 vs. 136 IU/L, P < 0.05) compared with LPS-treated rats at 4 h. Heat shock cognate protein 70 also prevented LPS-induced hypoglycemia (217 vs. 59 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (1,312 vs. 6,301 IU/L, P < 0.05). Furthermore, HSC70 decreased LPS-induced elevation of circulating tumor necrosis factor α and nitrite/nitrate, and tissue expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the heart and liver. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we found that HSC70 attenuated LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB subunit p65 by blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor κB. Finally, we showed that HSC70 repressed the activation of MAPKs caused by LPS. These results demonstrate that in LPS-induced septic shock, extracellular HSC70 conveys pleiotropic protection on myocardial, hepatic, and systemic derangements, with associated inhibition of proinflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, through mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. Therefore, extracellular HSC70 may have a promising role in the prophylactic treatment of sepsis.
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Diagnostic model of saliva peptide finger print analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using weak cation exchange magnetic beads. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150023. [PMID: 26182373 PMCID: PMC4613719 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole saliva (WS) was used for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); two polypeptides may be used for OSCC diagnosis. Saliva diagnostics utilizing nanotechnology and molecular technologies to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has become an attractive field of study. However, no specific methods have been established. To refine the diagnostic power of saliva peptide fingerprints for the early detection of OSCC, we screened the expression spectrum of salivary peptides in 40 T1 stage OSCC patients (and healthy controls) using MALDI-TOF-MS combined with magnetic beads. Fifty proteins showed significantly different expression levels in the OSCC samples (P<0.05). Potential biomarkers were also predicted. The novel diagnostic proteomic model with m/z peaks of 1285.6 Da and 1432.2 Da are of certain value for early diagnosis of OSCC.
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da Costa JP, Cova M, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Antimicrobial peptides: an alternative for innovative medicines? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2023-40. [PMID: 25586583 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules with activity against bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and even tumor cells that make these molecules attractive as therapeutic agents. Due to the alarming increase of antimicrobial resistance, interest in alternative antimicrobial agents has led to the exploitation of antimicrobial peptides, both synthetic and from natural sources. Thus, many peptide-based drugs are currently commercially available for the treatment of numerous ailments, such as hepatitis C, myeloma, skin infections, and diabetes. Initial barriers are being increasingly overcome with the development of cost-effective, more stable peptides. Herein, we review the available strategies for their synthesis, bioinformatics tools for the rational design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced therapeutic indices, hurdles and shortcomings limiting the large-scale production of AMPs, as well as the challenges that the pharmaceutical industry faces on their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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