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Xie B, Olalekan S, Back R, Ashitey NA, Eckart H, Basu A. Exploring the tumor micro-environment in primary and metastatic tumors of different ovarian cancer histotypes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1297219. [PMID: 38328306 PMCID: PMC10847324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease consisting of at least five different histological subtypes with varying clinical features, cells of origin, molecular composition, risk factors, and treatments. While most single-cell studies have focused on High grade serous ovarian cancer, a comprehensive landscape of the constituent cell types and their interactions within the tumor microenvironment are yet to be established in the different ovarian cancer histotypes. Further characterization of tumor progression, metastasis, and various histotypes are also needed to connect molecular signatures to pathological grading for personalized diagnosis and tailored treatment. In this study, we leveraged high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing technology to elucidate the cellular compositions on 21 solid tumor samples collected from 12 patients with six ovarian cancer histotypes and both primary (ovaries) and metastatic (omentum, rectum) sites. The diverse collection allowed us to deconstruct the histotypes and tumor site-specific expression patterns of cells in the tumor, and identify key marker genes and ligand-receptor pairs that are active in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Our findings can be used in improving precision disease stratification and optimizing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Xie
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Mathur P, Bhatt S, Kumar S, Kamboj S, Kamboj R, Rana A, Kumar H, Verma R. Deciphering the Therapeutic Applications of Nanomedicine in Ovarian Cancer Therapy: An Overview. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1180-1196. [PMID: 37818568 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018253815230922070558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of deadly cancers that afflict the female reproductive system occur in the ovary. Around 1,40,000 women worldwide die from ovarian cancer each year, making it the sixth most common cancer-associated deceases among females in the United States. Modern, cutting-edge treatments like chemotherapy and surgery frequently produce full remissions, but the recurrence rate is still very high. When this crippling condition is diagnosed, there are frequently few therapeutic choices available because of how quietly it manifests. Healthcare practitioners must have a fundamental grasp of the warning signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, as well as the imaging techniques and treatment choices available, to give the patient the best care possible. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has gained a lot of momentum in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of different illnesses, including cancer. This article gives a brief summary of types, risk factors and approaches to ovarian cancer treatment. We subsequently discussed the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer with the risk factors. This review also emphasizes the various signalling pathways involved in ovarian cancer. Our comprehensive integration of recent findings in fundamental research in the nano arena reveals the strong interest in these nanomedicines in ovarian cancer treatment. However, these nanomedicines still require more research, as indicated by the comparatively small number of clinical trials ongoing. This article will provide a reference for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mathur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Shailendra Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Sweta Kamboj
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Kamboj
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Rana
- Advanced Institute of Pharmacy, Delhi Mathura Road, Palwal-121105, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
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Escalona RM, Chu S, Kadife E, Kelly JK, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. Knock down of TIMP-2 by siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 mediates diverse cellular reprogramming of metastasis and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:422. [PMID: 36585738 PMCID: PMC9805260 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), through its homeostatic action on certain metalloproteinases, plays a vital role in remodelling extracellular matrix (ECM) to facilitate cancer progression. This study investigated the role of TIMP-2 in an ovarian cancer cell line in which the expression of TIMP-2 was reduced by either siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9. METHODS OVCAR5 cells were transiently and stably transfected with either single or pooled TIMP-2 siRNAs (T2-KD cells) or by CRISPR/Cas9 under the influence of two distinct guide RNAs (gRNA1 and gRNA2 cell lines). The expression of different genes was analysed at the mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and at the protein level by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot. Proliferation of cells was investigated by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay or staining with Ki67. Cell migration/invasion was determined by xCELLigence. Cell growth in vitro was determined by 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo by a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Approximately 70-90% knock down of TIMP-2 expression were confirmed in T2-KD, gRNA1 and gRNA2 OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells at the protein level. T2-KD, gRNA1 and gRNA2 cells exhibited a significant downregulation of MMP-2 expression, but concurrently a significant upregulation in the expression of membrane bound MMP-14 compared to control and parental cells. Enhanced proliferation and invasion were exhibited in all TIMP-2 knocked down cells but differences in sensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) treatment were observed, with T2-KD cells and gRNA2 cell line being sensitive, while the gRNA1 cell line was resistant to PTX treatment. In addition, significant differences in the growth of gRNA1 and gRNA2 cell lines were observed in in vitro 3D cultures as well as in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the inhibition of TIMP-2 by siRNA and CRISPR/Cas-9 modulate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 and reprogram ovarian cancer cells to facilitate proliferation and invasion. Distinct disparities in in vitro chemosensitivity and growth in 3D culture, and differences in tumour burden and invasion to proximal organs in a mouse model imply that selective suppression of TIMP-2 expression by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas-9 alters important aspects of metastasis and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Escalona
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Jason K. Kelly
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Jock K. Findlay
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
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Uno K, Iyoshi S, Yoshihara M, Kitami K, Mogi K, Fujimoto H, Sugiyama M, Koya Y, Yamakita Y, Nawa A, Kanayama T, Tomita H, Enomoto A, Kajiyama H. Metastatic Voyage of Ovarian Cancer Cells in Ascites with the Assistance of Various Cellular Components. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4383. [PMID: 35457198 PMCID: PMC9031612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and has a unique metastatic route using ascites, known as the transcoelomic root. However, studies on ascites and contained cellular components have not yet been sufficiently clarified. In this review, we focus on the significance of accumulating ascites, contained EOC cells in the form of spheroids, and interaction with non-malignant host cells. To become resistant against anoikis, EOC cells form spheroids in ascites, where epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stimulated by transforming growth factor-β can be a key pathway. As spheroids form, EOC cells are also gaining the ability to attach and invade the peritoneum to induce intraperitoneal metastasis, as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that EOC spheroids in ascites are composed of not only cancer cells, but also non-malignant cells existing with higher abundance than EOC cells in ascites, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, and lymphocytes. Moreover, hetero-cellular spheroids are demonstrated to form more aggregated spheroids and have higher adhesion ability for the mesothelial layer. To improve the poor prognosis, we need to elucidate the mechanisms of spheroid formation and interactions with non-malignant cells in ascites that are a unique tumor microenvironment for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Uno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223-62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shohei Iyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazuhisa Kitami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiko Yamakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (K.U.); (S.I.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (H.F.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
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Yee C, Dickson KA, Muntasir MN, Ma Y, Marsh DJ. Three-Dimensional Modelling of Ovarian Cancer: From Cell Lines to Organoids for Discovery and Personalized Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836984. [PMID: 35223797 PMCID: PMC8866972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all of the gynecological malignancies. There are several distinct histotypes of this malignancy characterized by specific molecular events and clinical behavior. These histotypes have differing responses to platinum-based drugs that have been the mainstay of therapy for ovarian cancer for decades. For histotypes that initially respond to a chemotherapeutic regime of carboplatin and paclitaxel such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the development of chemoresistance is common and underpins incurable disease. Recent discoveries have led to the clinical use of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors for ovarian cancers defective in homologous recombination repair, as well as the anti-angiogenic bevacizumab. While predictive molecular testing involving identification of a genomic scar and/or the presence of germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are in clinical use to inform the likely success of a PARP inhibitor, no similar tests are available to identify women likely to respond to bevacizumab. Functional tests to predict patient response to any drug are, in fact, essentially absent from clinical care. New drugs are needed to treat ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss applications to address the currently unmet need of developing physiologically relevant in vitro and ex vivo models of ovarian cancer for fundamental discovery science, and personalized medicine approaches. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture of ovarian cancer lacks critical cell-to-cell interactions afforded by culture in three-dimensions. Additionally, modelling interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including the surface of organs in the peritoneal cavity that support metastatic growth of ovarian cancer, will improve the power of these models. Being able to reliably grow primary tumoroid cultures of ovarian cancer will improve the ability to recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling systems, from cell lines to organoid or tumoroid cultures, represent enhanced starting points from which improved translational outcomes for women with ovarian cancer will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yee
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed N. Muntasir
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Moritz MNDO, Casali BC, Stotzer US, Karina dos Santos P, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. Alternagin-C, an alpha2beta1 integrin ligand, attenuates collagen-based adhesion, stimulating the metastasis suppressor 1 expression in triple-negative breast tumor cells. Toxicon 2022; 210:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Escalona RM, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. Expression of TIMPs and MMPs in Ovarian Tumors, Ascites, Ascites-Derived Cells, and Cancer Cell Lines: Characteristic Modulatory Response Before and After Chemotherapy Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:796588. [PMID: 35047406 PMCID: PMC8762252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.796588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and their associated metalloproteinase (MMPs) are essential regulators of tissue homeostasis and are essential for cancer progression. This study analyzed the expression of TIMP-1,-2,-3 and the associated MMPs (MMP-2,-9,-11,-14) in different Stages, Grades and World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of serous ovarian tumors, ascites, ascites-derived cells from chemo-naïve (CN) and relapsed (CR) patients, and in ovarian cancer cell lines. The status of TIMPs and associated MMPs in response to chemotherapy treatment was assessed in cancer cell lines; TCGA data was interrogated to gauge TIMPs and associated MMPs as prognostic and platinum-response indicators. Methods The levels of TIMP-1, -2 and -3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of TIMPs and MMPs was quantified by real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The chemosensitivity (IC50 values) to Cisplatin or Paclitaxel in cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. The levels of TIMPs in ascites and cell lysates were analyzed by an ELISA assay. Results The expression of TIMP-2 was significantly upregulated in Type 2 compared to Type 1 tumors and normal/benign ovarian tissues. TIMP-3 expression was significantly enhanced in Stage III, Grade 3 and Type 2 tumors compared to normal/benign ovarian tissues. The mRNA expression of MMP-9,-11 and -14 was significantly upregulated in Stage IV compared to normal/benign ovarian tissues. The expression of TIMP-1 was highest, followed by TIMP-2 and then TIMP-3 in CN ascites. At the cellular level, TIMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CN compared to CR epithelial cells in patients. The expression of TIMP-1 and -2, MMPs and cancer stem cells (CSCs) were upregulated in response to chemotherapy treatments in cancer cell lines. Interrogation of the TCGA dataset suggests shifts in platinum responses in patients consistent with genetic alterations in TIMP-2, -3 and MMP-2, -11 genes in tumors; and decreased overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with altered MMP-14 genes. Conclusions TIMPs and related MMPs are differentially expressed in serous ovarian tumors, ascites, ascites-derived cells and ovarian cancer cell lines. Chemotherapy treatment modulates expression of TIMPs and MMPs in association with increased expression of genes related to cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
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Ritch SJ, Telleria CM. The Transcoelomic Ecosystem and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Dissemination. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886533. [PMID: 35574025 PMCID: PMC9096207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered the deadliest gynecological disease and is normally diagnosed at late stages, at which point metastasis has already occurred. Throughout disease progression, EOC will encounter various ecosystems and the communication between cancer cells and these microenvironments will promote the survival and dissemination of EOC. The primary tumor is thought to develop within the ovaries or the fallopian tubes, both of which provide a microenvironment with high risk of causing DNA damage and enhanced proliferation. EOC disseminates by direct extension from the primary tumors, as single cells or multicellular aggregates. Under the influence of cellular and non-cellular factors, EOC spheroids use the natural flow of peritoneal fluid to reach distant organs within the peritoneal cavity. These cells can then implant and seed distant organs or tissues, which develop rapidly into secondary tumor nodules. The peritoneal tissue and the omentum are two common sites of EOC metastasis, providing a microenvironment that supports EOC invasion and survival. Current treatment for EOC involves debulking surgery followed by platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy; however, most patients will relapse with a chemoresistant disease with tumors developed within the peritoneum. Therefore, understanding the role of the unique microenvironments that promote EOC transcoelomic dissemination is important in improving patient outcomes from this disease. In this review article, we address the process of ovarian cancer cellular fate at the site of its origin in the secretory cells of the fallopian tube or in the ovarian surface epithelial cells, their detachment process, how the cells survive in the peritoneal fluid avoiding cell death triggers, and how cancer- associated cells help them in the process. Finally, we report the mechanisms used by the ovarian cancer cells to adhere and migrate through the mesothelial monolayer lining the peritoneum. We also discuss the involvement of the transcoelomic ecosystem on the development of chemoresistance of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina J. Ritch
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carlos M. Telleria, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-3538
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Gao Y, Pan Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Yuan W, Zhu X, Wang K. MicroRNA-99a-3p/GRP94 axis affects metastatic progression of human papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating ITGA2 expression and localization. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1650-1661. [PMID: 34687203 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) usually has favorable prognosis; however, distant metastasis is a leading cause of death associated with PTC. MicroRNA-99a-3p (miR-99a-3p) is a member of the miR-99 family that is shown to be a tumor suppressor in various human cancers including the anaplastic thyroid cancer, another type of thyroid cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our previous study reported that miR-99a-3p is downregulated in human PTC tissues as well as human papillary thyroid carcinoma B-CPAP and TPC-1 cell lines. However, its pathological role in PTC remains unclear, especially its impact on PTC metastasis. In the present study, the role of miR-99a-3p in PTC metastasis was molecularly evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models. Our functional study revealed that overexpressing miR-99a-3p significantly suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anoikis resistance as well as migration and invasion of B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells. The mechanical study indicated that glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is the direct target of miR-99a-3p. Moreover, GRP94 overexpression reverses the inhibitory effect of miR-99a-3p on PTC metastasis. In addition, the miR-99a-3p/GRP94 axis exerts its effect via inhibiting the expression and cytoplasmic relocation of integrin 2α (ITGA2). Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that miR-99a-3p significantly inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in PTC xenograft mice. Overall, our findings suggested that the miR-99a-3p/GRP94/ITGA2 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of PTC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ke Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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Dhaliwal D, Shepherd TG. Molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion and tumor progression in ovarian cancer metastasis: a review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:291-301. [PMID: 34822024 PMCID: PMC8971148 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world. EOC metastasis is unique since malignant cells detach directly from the primary tumor site into the abdominal fluid and form multicellular aggregates, called spheroids, that possess enhanced survival mechanisms while in suspension. As such, altered cell adhesion properties are paramount to EOC metastasis with cell detachment from the primary tumor, dissemination as spheroids, and reattachment to peritoneal surfaces for secondary tumor formation. The ability for EOC cells to establish and maintain cell–cell contacts in spheroids is critical for cell survival in suspension. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that play a crucial role in cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These glycoprotein receptors regulate diverse functions in tumor cells and are implicated in multiple steps of cancer progression. Altered integrin expression is detected in numerous carcinomas, where they play a role in cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent survival. Like that observed for other carcinomas, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during metastasis and integrins can function in this process as well. Herein, we provide a review of the evidence for integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms impacting steps of EOC metastasis. Taken together, targeting integrin function may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit progression of advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Dhaliwal
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd E, Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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11
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Transcriptomic Profile of New Gene Markers Encoding Proteins Responsible for Structure of Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111214. [PMID: 34827207 PMCID: PMC8615192 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in many physiological processes that occur in the ovary and affect reproduction in animals and humans. The ECM has been shown to significantly affect folliculogenesis, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation. This is mainly due to the involvement of ECM in intercellular signaling. In the present study, we report the gene expression profile of porcine granulosa cells during their primary in vitro culture. The genes presented are related to ECM formation but also to cadherins and integrins that influence intercellular dialogue. During the study, it was shown that most of the genes were upregulated. A detailed understanding of the expression of genes such as POSTN, CHI3L1, CAV-1, IRS1, DCN in in vitro culture of granulosa cells may provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms occurring within the ovary. Knowledge of ECM-related gene expression within granulosa cells can also be used to study the recently discovered stemness of these cells. Moreover, the presented data may serve for the development of assisted reproduction techniques, which, especially in vitro, are becoming increasingly common. Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) in granulosa cells is functionally very important, and it is involved in many processes related to ovarian follicle growth and ovulation. The aim of this study was to describe the expression profile of genes within granulosa cells that are associated with extracellular matrix formation, intercellular signaling, and cell–cell fusion. The material for this study was ovaries of sexually mature pigs obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse. Laboratory-derived granulosa cells (GCs) from ovarian follicles were cultured in a primary in vitro culture model. The extracted genetic material (0, 48, 96, and 144 h) were subjected to microarray expression analysis. Among 81 genes, 66 showed increased expression and only 15 showed decreased expression were assigned to 7 gene ontology groups “extracellular matrix binding”, “extracellular matrix structural constituent”, “binding, bridging”, “cadherin binding”, “cell adhesion molecule binding”, “collagen binding” and “cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion”. The 10 genes with the highest expression (POSTN, ITGA2, FN1, LAMB1, ITGB3, CHI3L1, PCOLCE2, CAV1, DCN, COL14A1) and 10 of the most down-regulated (SPP1, IRS1, CNTLN, TMPO, PAICS, ANK2, ADAM23, ABI3BP, DNAJB1, IGF1) were selected for further analysis. The results were validated by RT-qPCR. The current results may serve as preliminary data for further analyses using in vitro granulosa cell cultures in assisted reproduction technologies, studies of pathological processes in the ovary as well as in the use of the stemness potential of GCs.
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12
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Role of integrins in the metastatic spread of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:1291-1298. [PMID: 34689222 PMCID: PMC9013321 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrins may be involved in the metastatic spread of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) which determines the therapeutical approach and prognosis. We investigated the integrin expression in primary tumor and metastases of advanced HGSOC. METHODS The expression of integrin α2, α4, α5, α6, and β1 was assessed by immunostaining in tumor samples of the ovary, omentum, and peritoneum of each patient. Differences in integrin expression among tumor localizations and their association with clinicopathological parameters were examined by Fisher's exact test. The impact of integrin expression on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS Hundred and thirteen tumor samples of 40 HGSOC patients were examined. The expression of the integrins did not differ between the three tumor localizations (all p values > 0.05) with the exception of high expression of integrin α4 in primary tumor and omentum (52.5% versus 47.5%, p = 0.008) and primary tumor and peritoneum (52.5% versus 47.5%, p = 0.050). High expression of integrin α4 in peritoneum was associated with poorer PFS (HR 2.02 95% CI 1.01-4.05, p = 0.047), younger age (p = 0.047), and death (p = 0.046). Median PFS in patients with high expression of integrin α4 was 13.00 months, whereas median PFS in patients without high expression of integrin α4 was 21.00 months (p = 0.040). Expression of other integrins did not correlate with PFS or OS. CONCLUSION Expression of integrin α4 may be altered during the metastatic spread of HGSOC and affect prognosis, whereas expression of integrin α2, α5, α6, and β1 did not reveal any prognostic value.
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13
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Langthasa J, Sarkar P, Narayanan S, Bhagat R, Vadaparty A, Bhat R. Extracellular matrix mediates moruloid-blastuloid morphodynamics in malignant ovarian spheroids. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000942. [PMID: 34376568 PMCID: PMC8358442 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer metastasizes into peritoneum through dissemination of transformed epithelia as multicellular spheroids. Harvested from the malignant ascites of patients, spheroids exhibit startling features of organization typical to homeostatic glandular tissues: lumen surrounded by smoothly contoured and adhered epithelia. Herein, we demonstrate that cells of specific ovarian cancer lines in suspension, aggregate into dysmorphic solid "moruloid" clusters that permit intercellular movement, cell penetration, and interspheroidal coalescence. Moruloid clusters subsequently mature into "blastuloid" spheroids with smooth contours, a temporally dynamic lumen and immotile cells. Blastuloid spheroids neither coalesce nor allow cell penetration. Ultrastructural examination reveals a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix coat on the surface of blastuloid, but not moruloid, spheroids. Quantitative proteomics reveals down-regulation in ECM protein Fibronectin-1 associated with the moruloid-blastuloid transition; immunocytochemistry also confirms the relocalization of basement membrane ECM proteins: collagen IV and laminin to the surface of blastuloid spheroids. Fibronectin depletion accelerates, and enzymatic basement membrane debridement impairs, lumen formation, respectively. The regulation by ECM dynamics of the morphogenesis of cancer spheroids potentially influences the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimpi Langthasa
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Purba Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shruthi Narayanan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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14
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Croft PKD, Sharma S, Godbole N, Rice GE, Salomon C. Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Extracellular Vesicles: Microenvironmental Regulation and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092272. [PMID: 34571921 PMCID: PMC8471580 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most diagnosed gynecological cancers in women. Due to the lack of effective early stage screening, women are more often diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, it is associated with poor patient outcomes. There are a lack of tools to identify patients at the highest risk of developing this cancer. Moreover, early detection strategies, therapeutic approaches, and real-time monitoring of responses to treatment to improve survival and quality of life are also inadequate. Tumor development and progression are dependent upon cell-to-cell communication, allowing cancer cells to re-program cells not only within the surrounding tumor microenvironment, but also at distant sites. Recent studies established that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate bi-directional communication between normal and cancerous cells. EVs are highly stable membrane vesicles that are released from a wide range of cells, including healthy and cancer cells. They contain tissue-specific signaling molecules (e.g., proteins and miRNA) and, once released, regulate target cell phenotypes, inducing a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive phenotype to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis as well as proximal and distal cell function. Thus, EVs are a “fingerprint” of their cell of origin and reflect the metabolic status. Additionally, via the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods in circulation, EVs can be potent therapeutic agents. This review examines the potential role of EVs in the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment in OC, as well as their application in diagnosis, delivery of therapeutic agents, and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Nihar Godbole
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3346-5500; Fax: +61-7-3346-5509
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15
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Mauro LJ, Seibel MI, Diep CH, Spartz A, Perez Kerkvliet C, Singhal H, Swisher EM, Schwartz LE, Drapkin R, Saini S, Sesay F, Litovchick L, Lange CA. Progesterone Receptors Promote Quiescence and Ovarian Cancer Cell Phenotypes via DREAM in p53-Mutant Fallopian Tube Models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1929-1955. [PMID: 33755733 PMCID: PMC8499172 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ability of ovarian steroids to modify ovarian cancer (OC) risk remains controversial. Progesterone is considered to be protective; recent studies indicate no effect or enhanced OC risk. Knowledge of progesterone receptor (PR) signaling during altered physiology that typifies OC development is limited. OBJECTIVE This study defines PR-driven oncogenic signaling mechanisms in p53-mutant human fallopian tube epithelia (hFTE), a precursor of the most aggressive OC subtype. METHODS PR expression in clinical samples of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions and high-grade serous OC (HGSC) tumors was analyzed. Novel PR-A and PR-B isoform-expressing hFTE models were characterized for gene expression and cell cycle progression, emboli formation, and invasion. PR regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex and DYRK1 kinases was established. RESULTS STICs and HGSC express abundant activated phospho-PR. Progestin promoted reversible hFTE cell cycle arrest, spheroid formation, and invasion. RNAseq/biochemical studies revealed potent ligand-independent/-dependent PR actions, progestin-induced regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex, and cell cycle target genes through enhanced complex formation and chromatin recruitment. Disruption of DREAM/DYRK1s by pharmacological inhibition, HPV E6/E7 expression, or DYRK1A/B depletion blocked progestin-induced cell arrest and attenuated PR-driven gene expression and associated OC phenotypes. CONCLUSION Activated PRs support quiescence and pro-survival/pro-dissemination cell behaviors that may contribute to early HGSC progression. Our data support an alternative perspective on the tenet that progesterone always confers protection against OC. STICs can reside undetected for decades prior to invasive disease; our studies reveal clinical opportunities to prevent the ultimate development of HGSC by targeting PRs, DREAM, and/or DYRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mauro
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Department of Animal Science, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Megan I Seibel
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Caroline H Diep
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Hari Singhal
- Northwestern University, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- University of Washington Seattle, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siddharth Saini
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Dept Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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16
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Wesley T, Berzins S, Kannourakis G, Ahmed N. The attributes of plakins in cancer and disease: perspectives on ovarian cancer progression, chemoresistance and recurrence. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:55. [PMID: 34001250 PMCID: PMC8127266 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plakin family of cytoskeletal proteins play an important role in cancer progression yet are under-studied in cancer, especially ovarian cancer. These large cytoskeletal proteins have primary roles in the maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity but are also associated with scaffolds of intermediate filaments and hemidesmosomal adhesion complexes mediating signalling pathways that regulate cellular growth, migration, invasion and differentiation as well as stress response. Abnormalities of plakins, and the closely related spectraplakins, result in diseases of the skin, striated muscle and nervous tissue. Their prevalence in epithelial cells suggests that plakins may play a role in epithelial ovarian cancer progression and recurrence. In this review article, we explore the roles of plakins, particularly plectin, periplakin and envoplakin in disease-states and cancers with emphasis on ovarian cancer. We discuss the potential role the plakin family of proteins play in regulating cancer cell growth, survival, migration, invasion and drug resistance. We highlight potential relationships between plakins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) and discuss how interaction of these processes may affect ovarian cancer progression, chemoresistance and ultimately recurrence. We propose that molecular changes in the expression of plakins leads to the transition of benign ovarian tumours to carcinomas, as well as floating cellular aggregates (commonly known as spheroids) in the ascites microenvironment, which may contribute to the sustenance and progression of the disease. In this review, attempts have been made to understand the crucial changes in plakin expression in relation to progression and recurrence of ovarian cancer. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Wesley
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart Berzins
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia.,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia. .,School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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17
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Ebrahimi M, Mirzazadeh K, Nazarenko I, Hossein G. Wnt5A modulates integrin expression in a receptor-dependent manner in ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5885. [PMID: 33723319 PMCID: PMC7970989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5A signals through various receptors that confer versatile biological functions. Here, we used Wnt5A overexpressing human ovarian SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 stable clones for assessing integrin expression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the ability of multicellular aggregates (MCAs) formation. We found here, that Wnt5A regulates differently the expression of its receptors in the stable Wnt5A overexpressing clones. The expression levels of Frizzled (FZD)-2 and -5, were increased in different clones. However ROR-1, -2 expression levels were differently regulated in clones. Wnt5A overexpressing clones showed increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity. Moreover, Wnt5A overexpressing SKOV-3 clone showed increased MCAs formation ability. Cell invasion had been increased in OVCAR-3-derived clones, while this was decreased in SKOV-3-derived clone. Importantly, αv integrin expression levels were increased in all assessed clones, accompanied by increased cell attachment to fibronectin and focal adhesion kinase activity. Moreover, the treatment of clones with Box5 as a Wnt5A/FZD5 antagonist abrogates ITGAV increase, cell proliferation, migration, and their attachment to fibronectin. Accordingly, we observed significantly higher expression levels of ITGAV and ITGB3 in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer specimens and ITGAV correlated positively with Wnt5A in metastatic serous type ovarian cancer. In summary, we hypothesize here, that Wnt5A/FZD-5 signaling modulate αv integrin expression levels that could be associated with ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and fibronectin attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kian Mirzazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Integrin α2β1 Represents a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Primary Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030289. [PMID: 33809043 PMCID: PMC7999332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the same first-line chemotherapy is administered to almost all patients suffering from primary ovarian cancer. The high recurrence rate emphasizes the need for precise drug treatment in primary ovarian cancer. Being crucial in ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapeutic resistance, integrins became promising therapeutic targets. To evaluate its prognostic and predictive value, in the present study, the expression of integrin α2β1 was analyzed immunohistochemically and correlated with the survival data and other therapy-relevant biomarkers. The significant correlation of a high α2β1-expression with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα; p = 0.035) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR; p = 0.027) was observed. In addition, high α2β1-expression was significantly associated with a low number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD3 intratumoral, p = 0.017; CD3 stromal, p = 0.035; PD-1 intratumoral, p = 0.002; PD-1 stromal, p = 0.049) and the lack of PD-L1 expression (p = 0.005). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with a high expression of integrin α2β1 revealed a significant shorter progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.035) and platinum-free interval (PFI, p = 0.034). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, integrin α2β1 was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (p = 0.021) and PFI (p = 0.020). Dual expression of integrin α2β1 and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR; PFS/PFI, p = 0.004) and CD44v6 (PFS, p = 0.000; PFI, p = 0.001; overall survival [OS], p = 0.025) impaired survival. Integrin α2β1 was established as a prognostic and predictive marker in primary ovarian cancer with the potential to stratify patients for chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and to design new targeted treatment strategies.
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19
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Huang YL, Liang CY, Ritz D, Coelho R, Septiadi D, Estermann M, Cumin C, Rimmer N, Schötzau A, Núñez López M, Fedier A, Konantz M, Vlajnic T, Calabrese D, Lengerke C, David L, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Jacob F, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V. Collagen-rich omentum is a premetastatic niche for integrin α2-mediated peritoneal metastasis. eLife 2020; 9:59442. [PMID: 33026975 PMCID: PMC7541088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the contribution of ECM proteins to early metastatic onset in the peritoneal cavity remains unexplored. Here, we suggest a new route of metastasis through the interaction of integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) with collagens enriched in the tumor coinciding with poor outcome in patients with ovarian cancer. Using multiple gene-edited cell lines and patient-derived samples, we demonstrate that ITGA2 triggers cancer cell adhesion to collagen, promotes cell migration, anoikis resistance, mesothelial clearance, and peritoneal metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, phosphoproteomics identify an ITGA2-dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leading to enhanced oncogenic properties. Consequently, specific inhibition of ITGA2-mediated cancer cell-collagen interaction or targeting focal adhesion signaling may present an opportunity for therapeutic intervention of metastatic spread in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Huang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Yeu Liang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Ritz
- Proteomics core facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Estermann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Cumin
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Rimmer
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schötzau
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mónica Núñez López
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fedier
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Konantz
- Stem Cells and Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Histology Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Stem Cells and Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonor David
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Gynecological Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Escalona RM, Bilandzic M, Western P, Kadife E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. TIMP-2 regulates proliferation, invasion and STAT3-mediated cancer stem cell-dependent chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:960. [PMID: 33023532 PMCID: PMC7542139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metzincin family of metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are essential proteins required for biological processes during cancer progression. This study aimed to determine the role of TIMP-2 in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance by reducing TIMP-2 expression in vitro in Fallopian tube secretory epithelial (FT282) and ovarian cancer (JHOS2 and OVCAR4) cell lines. METHODS FT282, JHOS2 and OVCAR4 cells were transiently transfected with either single or pooled TIMP-2 siRNAs. The expression of different genes after TIMP-2 knock down (T2-KD) or in response to chemotherapy was determined at the mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and at the protein level by immunofluorescence. Sensitivity of the cell lines in response to chemotherapy after TIMP-2 knock down was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell invasion in response to TIMP-2 knockdown was determined by xCELLigence. RESULTS Sixty to 90 % knock down of TIMP-2 expression was confirmed in FT282, OVCAR4 and JHOS2 cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. TIMP-2 knock down did not change the mRNA expression of TIMP-1 or TIMP-3. However, a significant downregulation of MMP-2 in T2-KD cells occurred at both the protein and activation levels, compared to Control (Cont; scrambled siRNA) and Parental cells (P, transfection reagent only). In contrast, membrane bound MT1-MMP protein levels were significantly upregulated in T2-KD compared to Cont and P cells. T2-KD cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatments. Enhanced invasion was observed in the T2-KD-JOSH2 and OVCAR4 cells but not in T2-KD-FT282 cells. Treatment with cisplatin or paclitaxel significantly elevated the expression of TIMP-2 in Cont cells but not in T2-KD cells, consistent with significantly elevated expression of chemoresistance and CSC markers and activation of STAT3. Furthermore, a potent inhibitor of STAT3 activation, Momelotinib, suppressed chemotherapy-induced activation of P-STAT3 in OVCAR4 cells with concomitant reductions in the expression of chemoresistance genes and CSC markers. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that TIMP-2 may have a novel role in ovarian cancer proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Patrick Western
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Vic, Ballarat, 3010, Australia
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia. .,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia. .,Federation University Australia, Vic, Ballarat, 3010, Australia.
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21
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Ke FY, Chen WY, Lin MC, Hwang YC, Kuo KT, Wu HC. Novel monoclonal antibody against integrin α3 shows therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3478-3492. [PMID: 32648337 PMCID: PMC7541015 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a high recurrence rate after platinum‐based chemotherapy. To improve the treatment of ovarian cancer and identify ovarian cancer‐specific antibodies, we immunized mice with the human ovarian carcinoma cell line, SKOV‐3, and generated hybridoma clones. Several rounds of screening yielded 30 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with no cross‐reactivity to normal cells. Among these mAbs, OV‐Ab 30‐7 was found to target integrin α3 and upregulate p53 and p21, while stimulating the apoptosis of cancer cells. We further found that binding of integrin α3 by OV‐Ab 30‐7 impaired laminin‐induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. The mAb alone or in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel inhibited tumor progression and prolonged survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of ovarian patient specimens revealed higher levels of integrin α3 in cancer cells compared with normal cells. By querying online clinical databases, we found that elevated ITGA3 expression in ovarian cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the novel mAb, OV‐Ab 30‐7, may be considered as a potential therapeutic for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yi Ke
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Biomedical Park Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Ma L, Sun Y, Li D, Li H, Jin X, Ren D. Overexpressed ITGA2 contributes to paclitaxel resistance by ovarian cancer cells through the activation of the AKT/FoxO1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5336-5351. [PMID: 32202508 PMCID: PMC7138566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, with high invasiveness. The disease is a severe threat to women's health. The ITGA2 gene, which codes for integrin subunit α2, is involved in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Although previous studies have shown that ITGA2 increases in ovarian cancer, the specific molecular mechanism of how ITGA2 promotes ovarian cancer proliferation and metastasis is still unclear. In this study, we confirmed that ITGA2 was elevated in ovarian cancer, which led to poor prognosis and survival. Overexpressed ITGA2 promoted the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. We also found that ITGA2 regulated the phosphorylation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) by mediating AKT phosphorylation, which provided a reasonable explanation for ITGA2's role in ovarian cancer's resistance to albumin paclitaxel. In summary, ITGA2 could be used as a new therapeutic target and prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, R.P. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dan Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hansong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, R.P. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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23
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The Capacity of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cells to Form Multicellular Structures Spontaneously along Disease Progression Correlates with Their Orthotopic Tumorigenicity in Immunosuppressed Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030699. [PMID: 32188032 PMCID: PMC7140084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have examined the biology, genetics, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer's solid component; its liquid facet, however, remains critically underinvestigated. Floating within peritoneal effusions known as ascites, ovarian cancer cells form multicellular structures, creating a cancer niche in suspension. This study explores the pathobiology of spontaneously formed, multicellular, ovarian cancer structures derived from serous ovarian cancer cells isolated along disease evolution. It also tests their capacity to cause peritoneal disease in immunosuppressed mice. Results stem from an analysis of cell lines representing the most frequently diagnosed ovarian cancer histotype (high-grade serous ovarian cancer), derived from ascites of the same patient at distinct stages of disease progression. When cultured under adherent conditions, in addition to forming cellular monolayers, the cultures developed areas in which the cells grew upwards, forming densely packed multilayers that ultimately detached from the bottom of the plates and lived as free-floating, multicellular structures. The capacity to form foci and to develop multicellular structures was proportional to disease progression at the time of ascites extraction. Self-assembled in culture, these structures varied in size, were either compact or hollow, irregular, or spheroidal, and exhibited replicative capacity and an epithelial nature. Furthermore, they fully recreated ovarian cancer disease in immunosuppressed mice: accumulation of malignant ascites and pleural effusions; formation of discrete, solid, macroscopic, peritoneal tumors; and microscopic growths in abdominal organs. They also reproduced the histopathological features characteristic of high-grade serous ovarian cancer when diagnosed in patients. The following results encourage the development of therapeutic interventions to interrupt the formation and/or survival of multicellular structures that constitute a floating niche in the peritoneal fluid, which in turn halts disease progression and prevents recurrence.
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24
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Lyu T, Jiang Y, Jia N, Che X, Li Q, Yu Y, Hua K, Bast RC, Feng W. SMYD3 promotes implant metastasis of ovarian cancer via H3K4 trimethylation of integrin promoters. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1553-1567. [PMID: 31503345 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor and formation of spheroids in ascites is required for implantation metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the underlying mechanism of this process has not been thoroughly elucidated. To mimic this process, ovarian cancer cells were grown in 3D and 2D culture. Hey and OVCA433 spheroids exhibited decreased cell proliferation and enhanced adhesion and invasion. SMYD3 expression was elevated in ovarian carcinoma spheroids in association with increased H3K4 methylation. Depletion of SMYD3 by transient siRNA, stable shRNA knockdown and the SMYD3 inhibitor BCI-121 all decreased spheroid invasion and adhesion. Gene expression arrays revealed downregulation of integrin family members. Inhibition assays confirmed that invasion and adhesion of spheroids are mediated by ITGB6 and ITGAM. SMYD3-deficient cells regained the ability to invade and adhere after forced overexpression of SMYD3, ITGB6 and ITGAM. However, this biological ability was not restored by forced overexpression of SMYD3 in ITGB6- and/or ITGAM-deficient cancer cells. SMYD3 and H3K4me3 binding at the ITGB6 and ITGAM promoters was increased in spheroids compared to that in monolayer cells, and the binding was decreased when SMYD3 expression was inhibited, consistent with the expression changes in integrins. SMYD3 expression and integrin-mediated adhesion were also activated in an intraperitoneal xenograft model and in EOC patient spheroids. In vivo, SMYD3 knockdown inhibited tumor metastasis and reduced ascites volume in both the intraperitoneal xenograft model and a PDX model. Overall, our results suggest that the SMYD3-H3K4me3-integrin pathway plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer metastasis to the peritoneal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Lyu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Che
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Hossein G, Halvaei S, Heidarian Y, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Hassani M, Hosseini H, Naderi N, Sheikh Hassani S. Pectasol-C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin-3-induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4315-4329. [PMID: 31197964 PMCID: PMC6675724 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we sought to determine the relationship between STAT3 activity and Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of PectaSol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin (Pect‐MCP) as a specific competitive inhibitor of Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) in combination with Paclitaxel (PTX) to kill the ovarian cancer cell SKOV‐3 multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). To this order, SKOV‐3 cells in 2D and 3D cultures were treated with exogenous Gal‐3 for the assessment of STAT3 activity. Two‐way ANOVA main effect and IC50 of each drug Paclitaxel (PTX) and Pect‐MCP or in combination were obtained from MTT assay results. The phosphorylated STAT3 levels, migration, invasion, integrin mRNA and p‐AKTser473 levels were assessed in the absence or presence of each drug alone or in combination. Gal‐3 expression levels were assessed in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) specimens and its correlation with different integrin mRNA levels was further assessed. Our results showed that Gal‐3 expression level was significantly increased in MCTS compared to monolayer SKOV‐3 cells which triggered STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Pect‐MCP synergized with PTX to kill SKOV3 MCTS through abrogation of STAT3 activity and reduced expression of its downstream target HIF‐1α, reduced integrin mRNA levels, and subsequently decreased AKT activity. There were higher expression levels of Gal‐3 in human high‐grade SOC specimens compared to the normal ovary and borderline SOC which positively and significantly correlated with α5, β2 and β6 integrin mRNA levels. Together, these results revealed for the first time that Pect‐MCP could be considered as a potential drug to enhance the PTX effect on ovarian cancer cells MCTS through inhibition of STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Halvaei
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yassaman Heidarian
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hassani
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hosseini
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Naderi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University (Medical Sciences), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Gynecology Oncology Valiasr, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Sacks Suarez J, Gurler Main H, Muralidhar GG, Elfituri O, Xu HL, Kajdacsy-Balla AA, Barbolina MV. CD44 Regulates Formation of Spheroids and Controls Organ-Specific Metastatic Colonization in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1801-1814. [PMID: 31147393 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disseminating epithelial ovarian cancer cells often become assembled into spheroids prior to their arrival at metastatic sites within the peritoneal cavity. Although epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, the mechanisms regulating formation and metastatic potential of spheroids are poorly understood. We show that expression of a cell surface glycoprotein CD44 is an important contributing factor for spheroid formation and spheroid adhesion to mesothelial cells, and its loss impairs mesenteric metastasis. In contrast, loss of CD44 resulted in significant increase of tumor burden at several locoregional sites, including liver, and unleashed distant metastases to the thoracic cavity. Altogether our studies suggest that CD44 regulates metastatic progression of EOC in an organ-specific manner. IMPLICATIONS: Expression of CD44 promotes spheroid formation, mesothelial adhesion, and formation of mesenteric metastasis, but it suppresses development of metastasis to several peritoneal sites, including liver, and the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Sacks Suarez
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hilal Gurler Main
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Goda G Muralidhar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osama Elfituri
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hao-Liang Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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27
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Fogg KC, Olson WR, Miller JN, Khan A, Renner C, Hale I, Weisman PS, Kreeger PK. Alternatively activated macrophage-derived secretome stimulates ovarian cancer spheroid spreading through a JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:92-101. [PMID: 31129149 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) metastasizes when tumor spheroids detach from the primary tumor and re-attach throughout the peritoneal cavity. Once the cancer cells have implanted in these new sites, the development of metastatic lesions is dependent on the disaggregation of cancer cells from the spheroids and subsequent expansion across the collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM). As HGSOC progresses an increase in alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) in the surrounding ascites fluid has been observed and AAMs have been shown to enhance tumor invasion and growth in a wide range of cancers. We hypothesized that soluble factors from AAMs in the peritoneal microenvironment promote the disaggregation of ovarian cancer spheroids across the underlying ECM. We determined that co-culture with AAMs significantly increased HGSOC spheroid spreading across a collagen matrix. Multivariate modeling identified AAM-derived factors that correlated with enhanced spread of HGSOC spheroids and experimental validation showed that each individual cell line responded to a distinct AAM-derived factor (FLT3L, leptin, or HB-EGF). Despite this ligand-level heterogeneity, we determined that the AAM-derived factors utilized a common signaling pathway to induce spheroid spreading: JAK2/STAT3 activation followed by MMP-9 mediated spreading. Furthermore, immunostaining demonstrated that FLT3, LEPR, EGFR, and pSTAT3 were upregulated in metastases in HGSOC patients, with substantial patient-to-patient heterogeneity. These results suggest that inhibiting individual soluble factors will not inhibit AAM-induced effects across a broad group of patients; instead, the downstream JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway should be examined as potential therapeutic targets to slow metastasis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Fogg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Will R Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jamison N Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carine Renner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isaac Hale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul S Weisman
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela K Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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28
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Moffitt L, Karimnia N, Stephens A, Bilandzic M. Therapeutic Targeting of Collective Invasion in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1466. [PMID: 30909510 PMCID: PMC6471817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer amongst women and has the highest mortality rate of all gynaecological malignancies. It is a heterogeneous disease attributed to one of three cell types found within the reproductive milieu: epithelial, stromal, and germ cell. Each histotype differs in etiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, risk factors, and prognosis. Furthermore, the origin of ovarian cancer remains unclear, with ovarian involvement secondary to the contribution of other gynaecological tissues. Despite these complexities, the disease is often treated as a single entity, resulting in minimal improvement to survival rates since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy over 30 years ago. Despite concerted research efforts, ovarian cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect and treat, which is in part due to the unique mode of its dissemination. Ovarian cancers tend to invade locally to neighbouring tissues by direct extension from the primary tumour, and passively to pelvic and distal organs within the peritoneal fluid or ascites as multicellular spheroids. Once at their target tissue, ovarian cancers, like most epithelial cancers including colorectal, melanoma, and breast, tend to invade as a cohesive unit in a process termed collective invasion, driven by specialized cells termed "leader cells". Emerging evidence implicates leader cells as essential drivers of collective invasion and metastasis, identifying collective invasion and leader cells as a viable target for the management of metastatic disease. However, the development of targeted therapies specifically against this process and this subset of cells is lacking. Here, we review our understanding of metastasis, collective invasion, and the role of leader cells in ovarian cancer. We will discuss emerging research into the development of novel therapies targeting collective invasion and the leader cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moffitt
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Nazanin Karimnia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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Yang Y, Li S, Sun Y, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Liu L. Reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer multicellular spheroids by targeting Bcl-2. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:897-906. [PMID: 30774376 PMCID: PMC6357888 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s187015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peritoneal metastasis is the most common pathway for the spread of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cells in ascites prefer to aggregate into the more chemoresistant multicellular spheroids (MCSs), leading to treatment failure and disease recurrence. We previously established a suspension MCS model of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and found that the MCS cells acquired drug resistance to cisplatin. In the present study, we aimed to uncover the underlying mechanism of the platinum resistance of MCS and the potential targets to reverse the drug resistance. Materials and methods MCS models were established for the phenotypic studies, including proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, apoptosis assays, and signaling pathway analysis. The key molecule, Bcl-2, was screened by profile analysis and validated by Western blotting. siRNA was used to verify the anti-cisplatin-induced apoptosis effect of Bcl-2. The Bcl-2 inhibitor, ABT-737, was used for improving the sensitivity of MCS to cisplatin. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were measured by viability assays treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were used for quantification of drug-induced apoptosis. Results The ovarian cancer MCS showed a proliferation-stagnant but invasive phenotype when resuspended. When treated with cisplatin, MCS cells showed much higher viability, with significantly fewer apoptotic cells than the adherent cells. Levels of Bcl-2 were upregulated in ovarian cancer ascitic cells and MCS cells. Bcl-2 knockdown by siRNA or blockage by ABT-737 enhanced the cisplatin-induced apoptosis and reduced the 50% inhibitory concentrations of cisplatin for MCS by 58.5% and 88.2%, respectively. Conclusion The upregulated Bcl-2 contributes to cisplatin resistance in our MCS model and targeting it sensitizes the MCS to cisplatin treatment. This provides us a preliminary treatment method for ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
| | - Yiting Sun
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
| | - Zeyi Zhao
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
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30
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He J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang H. Integrin Subunit beta 8 (ITGB8) Upregulation Is an Independent Predictor of Unfavorable Survival of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8933-8940. [PMID: 30531684 PMCID: PMC6299792 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ITGB8 encodes a β subunit of integrin (integrin β8), which is upregulated in some types of cancer. In the current study, we examined the expression profile of ITGB8 in serous ovarian cancer (SOVC) and investigated its potential as an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in high-grade SOVC. Material/Methods A secondary study was conducted based on genomic and survival data in large online databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and the Cancer Genome Atlas-Ovarian cancer (TCGA-OV). Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to evaluate the association between ITGB8 expression and OS/RFS. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed with the Cox regression model. Results ITGB8 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues compared to that in normal ovary tissues. High-grade SOVC patients with high ITGB8 expression had significantly shorter OS and RFS compared to their low-expression counterparts. Increased ITGB8 expression might be an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable OS (HR: 1.424, 95%CI: 1.228–1.653, p<0.001) and RFS (HR: 2.167, 95%CI: 1.507–3.114, p<0.001) in high-grade SOVC. DNA amplification was frequent (149/509, 29.3%) in high-grade SOVC patients and was associated with increased ITGB8 expression compared to the copy-neutral cases. Conclusions ITGB8 expression might be a valuable prognostic biomarker in high-grade SOVC, the expression of which might be regulated by its DNA copy numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Liu
- Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Anesthesia Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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31
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Gong L, Zheng Y, Liu S, Peng Z. Fibronectin Regulates the Dynamic Formation of Ovarian Cancer Multicellular Aggregates and the Expression of Integrin Receptors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2493-2498. [PMID: 30256042 PMCID: PMC6249468 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulatory role of fibronectin (FN) in the formation of multicellular aggregate (MCA) in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells and integrin expression. Methods: The dynamic formation of MCA in SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 was determined using the liquid overlay technique in the presence or absence of FN, anti-FN, RGD peptide, control RGE. The expression of α3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 integrin in monolayer cells, MCA and FN-treated MCA were determined by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 MCA were formed on the 4th and 8th day and peaked on the 6th and 9th day, respectively. Treatment with different concentrations of FN, LN, type IV collagen and control RGE peptide promoted MCA growth, which was mitigated by anti-FN and RGD peptide. In comparison with monolayer cells, up-regulated α3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 expression were detected in MCA while treatment with FN in both cells. Conclusions: OVCAR-3 and SKOV3 cells had varying dynamic formation of MCA in our experimental system. FN enhanced MCA formation in both cells, which was associated with increased expression of 3β1, α4β1 and α5β1 in the MCA. Therefore, FN and these integrins may be new therapeutic targets for intervention of ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University,Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children ,Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Azimian-Zavareh V, Hossein G, Ebrahimi M, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z. Wnt11 alters integrin and cadherin expression by ovarian cancer spheroids and inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:90-104. [PMID: 29753625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of Wnt11 in multicellular tumor spheroid-like structures (MCTS) ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in xenograft nude mice model. Moreover, samples from human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) were used to assess the association of Wnt11 with integrins and cadherins. The data showed that Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 cells became more compact accompanied by increased expression of E-and N-cadherin and lower expression of EpCAM and CD44. The α5, β2, β3 and β6 integrin subunits expression levels were significantly reduced in Wnt11 overexpressing cells accompanied with significantly reduced disaggregation of Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS on ECM components. Moreover, Wnt11 overexpressing SKOV-3 MCTS showed decreased migration, invasion as well as no tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that Wnt11 significantly and negatively correlated with ITGB2, ITGB6, and EpCAM and positively with CDH-1 in high-grade SOC specimens. Our results suggest that Wnt11 impedes MCTS attachment to ECM components and therefore can affect ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Zhong B, Wang K, Xu H, Kong F. Silencing Formin-like 2 inhibits growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through suppressing internalization of integrins. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:79. [PMID: 29881327 PMCID: PMC5984784 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) is a member of Formin family which governs cytokinesis, cellular polarity and morphogenesis. Dysregulation of FMNL2 has been discovered in cancers and is closely related to cancers. However, the role of FMNL2 in gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of FMNL2 in gastric cancer cells. Methods A FMNL2-specific shRNA was employed to decrease the endogenous expression of FMNL2. Then the degree of proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. The expression and distribution of FMNL2 and protein kinase C (PKC) α was detected by immunofluorescence. The internalization of integrins was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Our results showed that silencing FMNL2 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The integrin internalization induced by PKC was declined by FMNL2 silencing. Conclusions Our study reveals that silencing FMNL2 suppresses growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Modulation on integrin internalization may be implicated in the role of FMNL2 in growth and migration of gastric cancer cells. Our study indicates that FMNL2 may become a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghua Zhong
- Department of Gastric, Intestine and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Gastric, Intestine and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Gastric, Intestine and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmin Kong
- Department of Gastric, Intestine and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People's Republic of China
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miR-509-3p is clinically significant and strongly attenuates cellular migration and multi-cellular spheroids in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25930-48. [PMID: 27036018 PMCID: PMC5041955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer presents as an aggressive, advanced stage cancer with widespread metastases that depend primarily on multicellular spheroids in the peritoneal fluid. To identify new druggable pathways related to metastatic progression and spheroid formation, we integrated microRNA and mRNA sequencing data from 293 tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer cohort. We identified miR-509-3p as a clinically significant microRNA that is more abundant in patients with favorable survival in both the TCGA cohort (P = 2.3E–3), and, by in situ hybridization (ISH), in an independent cohort of 157 tumors (P < 1.0E–3). We found that miR-509-3p attenuated migration and disrupted multi-cellular spheroids in HEYA8, OVCAR8, SKOV3, OVCAR3, OVCAR4 and OVCAR5 cell lines. Consistent with disrupted spheroid formation, in TCGA data miR-509-3p's most strongly anti-correlated predicted targets were enriched in components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We validated the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 as a direct miR-509-3p target. We showed that siRNA to YAP1 replicated 90% of miR-509-3p-mediated migration attenuation in OVCAR8, which contained high levels of YAP1 protein, but not in the other cell lines, in which levels of this protein were moderate to low. Our data suggest that the miR-509-3p/YAP1 axis may be a new druggable target in cancers with high YAP1, and we propose that therapeutically targeting the miR-509-3p/YAP1/ECM axis may disrupt early steps in multi-cellular spheroid formation, and so inhibit metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer and potentially in other cancers.
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Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) tissue model has significant advantages over the conventional two-dimensional (2D) model. A 3D model mimics the relevant in-vivo physiological conditions, allowing a cell culture to serve as an effective tool for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and the investigation of disease pathology. The present reviews highlight the recent advances and the development of microfluidics based methods for the generation of cell spheroids. The paper emphasizes on the application of microfluidic technology for tissue engineering including the formation of multicellular spheroids (MCS). Further, the paper discusses the recent technical advances in the integration of microfluidic devices for MCS-based high-throughput drug screening. The review compares the various microfluidic techniques and finally provides a perspective for the future opportunities in this research area.
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Lal-Nag M, McGee L, Guha R, Lengyel E, Kenny HA, Ferrer M. A High-Throughput Screening Model of the Tumor Microenvironment for Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:494-506. [PMID: 28346091 DOI: 10.1177/2472555216687082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the processes of tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. We have used a multilayered 3D primary cell culture model that reproduces the human ovarian cancer metastatic microenvironment to study the effect of the microenvironment on the pharmacological responses of different classes of drugs on cancer cell proliferation. A collection of oncology drugs was screened to identify compounds that inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells growing as monolayers or forming spheroids, on plastic and on a 3D microenvironment culture model of the omentum metastatic site, and also cells already in preformed spheroids. Target-based analysis of the pharmacological responses revealed that several classes of targets were more efficacious in cancer cells growing in the absence of the metastatic microenvironment, and other target classes were less efficacious in cancer cells in preformed spheres compared to forming spheroid cultures. These findings show that both the cellular context of the tumor microenvironment and cell adhesion mode have an essential role in cancer cell drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to perform screens for new drugs using model systems that more faithfully recapitulate the tissue composition at the site of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Lal-Nag
- 1 Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren McGee
- 1 Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- 1 Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 1 Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yin M, Li X, Tan S, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Bellone S, Xu X, Zhang H, Santin AD, Lou G, Min W. Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4157-4173. [PMID: 27721235 DOI: 10.1172/jci87252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can influence ovarian cancer growth, migration, and metastasis, but the detailed mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer metastasis remain unclear. Here, we have shown a strong correlation between TAM-associated spheroids and the clinical pathology of ovarian cancer. Further, we have determined that TAMs promote spheroid formation and tumor growth at early stages of transcoelomic metastasis in an established mouse model for epithelial ovarian cancer. M2 macrophage-like TAMs were localized in the center of spheroids and secreted EGF, which upregulated αMβ2 integrin on TAMs and ICAM-1 on tumor cells to promote association between tumor cells and TAM. Moreover, EGF secreted by TAMs activated EGFR on tumor cells, which in turn upregulated VEGF/VEGFR signaling in surrounding tumor cells to support tumor cell proliferation and migration. Pharmacological blockade of EGFR or antibody neutralization of ICAM-1 in TAMs blunted spheroid formation and ovarian cancer progression in mouse models. These findings suggest that EGF secreted from TAMs plays a critical role in promoting early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. As transcoelomic metastasis is also associated with many other cancers, such as pancreatic and colon cancers, our findings uncover a mechanism for TAM-mediated spheroid formation and provide a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer and other transcoelomic metastatic cancers.
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ABT-888 and quinacrine induced apoptosis in metastatic breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting base excision repair via adenomatous polyposis coli. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 45:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Crucial role of HMGA1 in the self-renewal and drug resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e255. [PMID: 27561949 PMCID: PMC5007643 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal ability, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HMGA1, a chromatin remodeling factor abundantly expressed in many different cancers, in the regulation of cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Spheroid-forming cancer stem cells were isolated from A2780, SKOV3 and PA1 ovarian cancer cells by three-dimensional spheroid culture. Elevated expression of HMGA1 was observed in spheroid cells along with increased expression of stemness-related genes, such as SOX2, KLF4, ALDH, ABCB1 and ABCG2. Furthermore, spheroid A2780 cells, compared with adherent cells, showed higher resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. HMGA1 knockdown in spheroid cells reduced the proliferative advantage and spheroid-forming efficiency of the cells and the expression of stemness-related genes. HMGA1 overexpression in adherent A2780 cells increased cancer stem cell properties, including proliferation, spheroid-forming efficiency and the expression of stemness-related genes. In addition, HMGA1 regulated ABCG2 promoter activity through HMGA1-binding sites. Knockdown of HMGA1 in spheroid cells reduced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, whereas the overexpression of HMGA1 in adherent ovarian cancer cells increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Furthermore, HMGA1-overexpressing A2780 cells showed a significant survival advantage after chemotherapeutic agent treatment in a xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Together, our results provide novel insights regarding the critical role of HMGA1 in the regulation of the cancer stem cell characteristics of ovarian cancer cells, thus suggesting that HMGA1 may be an important target in the development of therapeutics for ovarian cancer patients.
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Roggiani F, Mezzanzanica D, Rea K, Tomassetti A. Guidance of Signaling Activations by Cadherins and Integrins in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091387. [PMID: 27563880 PMCID: PMC5037667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest tumor among gynecological cancer in the industrialized countries. The EOC incidence and mortality have remained unchanged over the last 30 years, despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment. In order to develop novel and more effective therapeutic approaches, the molecular mechanisms involved in EOC progression have been thoroughly investigated in the last few decades. At the late stage, peritoneal metastases originate from the attachment of small clusters of cancer cells that shed from the primary site and carried by the ascites adhere to the abdominal peritoneum or omentum. This behavior suggests that cell–cell or cell–matrix adhesion mechanisms regulate EOC growth and dissemination. Complex downstream signalings, which might be influenced by functional cross-talk between adhesion molecules and co-expressed and activated signaling proteins, can affect the proliferation/survival and the migration/invasion of EOC cells. This review aimed to define the impact of the mechanisms of cell–cell, through cadherins, and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion, through integrins, on the signaling cascades induced by membrane receptors and cytoplasmic proteins known to have a role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of EOC cells. Finally, some novel approaches using peptidomimetic ligands to cadherin and integrins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Roggiani
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Samardzija C, Luwor RB, Quinn MA, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. Coalition of Oct4A and β1 integrins in facilitating metastasis in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:432. [PMID: 27390927 PMCID: PMC4939035 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a metastatic disease and one of the leading causes of gynaecology malignancy-related deaths in women. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key contributors of cancer metastasis and relapse. Integrins are a family of cell surface receptors which allow interactions between cells and their surrounding microenvironment and play a fundamental role in promoting metastasis. This study investigates the molecular mechanism which associates CSCs and integrins in ovarian cancer metastasis. Methods The expression of Oct4A in high-grade serous ovarian tumors and normal ovaries was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The functional role of Oct4A was evaluated by generating stable knockdown (KD) of Oct4A clones in an established ovarian cancer cell line HEY using shRNA-mediated silencing. The expression of integrins in cell lines was evaluated by flow cytometry. Spheroid forming ability, adhesion and the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 9/2 (MMP-9/2) was measured by in vitro functional assays and gelatin zymography. These observations were further validated in in vivo mouse models using Balb/c nu/nu mice. Results We report significantly elevated expression of Oct4A in high-grade serous ovarian tumors compared to normal ovarian tissues. The expression of Oct4A in ovarian cancer cell lines correlated with their CSC-related sphere forming abilities. The suppression of Oct4A in HEY cells resulted in a significant diminution of integrin β1 expression and associated α5 and α2 subunits compared to vector control cells. This was associated with a reduced adhesive ability on collagen and fibronectin and decreased secretion of pro-MMP2 in Oct4A KD cells compared to vector control cells. In vivo, Oct4A knock down (KD) cells produced tumors which were significantly smaller in size and weight compared to tumors derived from vector control cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of Oct4A KD tumor xenografts demonstrated a significant loss of cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Glut-1 as well as CD34 and CD31 compared to vector control cell-derived xenografts. Conclusion The expression of Oct4A may be crucial to promote and sustain integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling requisite for tumor metastasis in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Samardzija
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael A Quinn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Ballarat, 3353, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23-26, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Central Park, Ballarat, 3353, Australia. .,Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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42
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Lam SSN, Ip CKM, Mak ASC, Wong AST. A novel p70 S6 kinase-microRNA biogenesis axis mediates multicellular spheroid formation in ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38064-38077. [PMID: 27191261 PMCID: PMC5122372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death of all gynecologic tumors, associated with widespread peritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites. Key to this is the ability to form multicellular spheroids (MCS); however, the tumor-specific factors that regulate MCS formation are unclear. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, is frequently constitutively active in ovarian carcinoma. Here we identify p70S6K as a vital regulator of MCS formation. We also uncover a new mechanism of p70S6K function as a component of the microRNA biogenesis machinery in this process. We show that p70S6K phosphorylates, and inhibits the interaction of tristetraprolin (TTP) and Dicer that promotes the expression of a subset of miRNAs, including the maturation of miR-145. Twist and Sox9 are two divergent targets of miR-145, thereby enhancing N-cadherin, but not other cadherin, expression and MCS formation. Activating miR-145 suppresses ovarian tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Meta-analysis in the Oncomine database reveals that high p70S6K and low TTP levels are associated with ovarian tumor progression. These results define a critical link between p70S6K, miRNA maturation, and MCS formation that may underlie poor clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carman Ka Man Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Abby Sin Chi Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Satapathy SR, Siddharth S, Das D, Nayak A, Kundu CN. Enhancement of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Angiogenesis in Oral Cancer Stem Cells by a Hybrid Nanoparticle of Bioactive Quinacrine and Silver: Implication of Base Excision Repair Cascade. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4011-25. [PMID: 26448277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based uniform (50-100 nm) hybrid nanoparticle (QAgNP) with positive zeta potential (0.52 ± 0.09 mV) was prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method with bioactive small molecule quinacrine (QC) in organic phase and silver (Ag) in aqueous phase. Physiochemical properties established it as a true hybrid nanoparticle and not a mixture of QC and Ag. Antitumor activity of QAgNP was evaluated by using various cancer cell lines including H-357 oral cancer cells and OSCC-cancer stem cell in an in vitro model system. QAgNP caused more cytotoxicity in cancer cells than normal epithelial cells by increasing BAX/BCL-XL, cleaved product PARP-1, and arresting the cells at S phase along with DNA damage. In addition, QAgNPs offered greater ability to kill the OSCC-CSCs compared to NQC and AgNPs. QAgNP offered anticancer action in OSCC-CSCs by inhibiting the base excision repair (BER) within the cells. Interestingly, alteration of BER components (Fen-1 and DNA polymerases (β, δ, and ε) and unalteration of NHEJ (DNA-PKC) or HR (Rad-51) components was noted in QAgNP treated OSCC-CSC cells. Furthermore, QAgNP significantly reduced angiogenesis in comparison to physical mixture of NQC and AgNP in fertilized eggs. Thus, these hybrid nanoparticles caused apoptosis in OSCC-CSCs by inhibiting the angiogenesis and BER in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Ranjan Satapathy
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Dipon Das
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
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Naci D, Vuori K, Aoudjit F. Alpha2beta1 integrin in cancer development and chemoresistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:145-53. [PMID: 26297892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix, via its receptors the integrins, has emerged as a crucial factor in cancer development. The α2β1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that is widely expressed and known to promote cell migration and control tissue homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that it can be a key pathway in cancer. Recent studies have shown that α2β1 integrin is a regulator of cancer metastasis either by promoting or inhibiting the dissemination process of cancer cells. The α2β1 integrin signaling can also enhance tumor angiogenesis. Emerging evidence supports a role for α2β1 integrin in cancer chemoresistance especially in hematological malignancies originating from the T cell lineage. In addition, α2β1 integrin has been associated with cancer stem cells. In this review, we will discuss the complex role of α2β1 integrin in these processes. Collagen is a major matrix protein of the tumor microenvironment and thus, understanding how α2β1 integrin regulates cancer pathogenesis is likely to lead to new therapeutic approaches and agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Naci
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires and Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires and Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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45
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Abstract
The aim of the present review is to survey the accumulated knowledge on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumors referring to its putative utility as therapeutic target. Following the traditional observation on the extensive morphological alteration in the tumor-affected tissue, the well-documented aberrant cellular regulation indicated that ECM components have an active role in tumor progression. However, due to the diverse functions and variable expression of proteoglycans, matrix proteins, and integrins, it is rather difficult to identify a comprehensive therapeutic target among ECM components. At present, the elevated level of heparanase and the prominent expression of αvβ5 integrin are considered as promising therapeutic targets. The inhibition of glycosaminoglycan offers another promising approach in the treatment of those tumors which are stimulated by proteoglycans. It can be ascertained that a selective ECM inhibitor would be a great asset to control metastasis driven by ECM-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revekka Harisi
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Jeney
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Musrap N, Tuccitto A, Karagiannis GS, Saraon P, Batruch I, Diamandis EP. Comparative Proteomics of Ovarian Cancer Aggregate Formation Reveals an Increased Expression of Calcium-activated Chloride Channel Regulator 1 (CLCA1). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17218-27. [PMID: 26004777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological disease that is characterized by peritoneal metastasis and increased resistance to conventional chemotherapies. This increased resistance and the ability to spread is often attributed to the formation of multicellular aggregates or spheroids in the peritoneal cavity, which seed abdominal surfaces and organs. Given that the presence of metastatic implants is a predictor of poor survival, a better understanding of how spheroids form is critical to improving patient outcome, and may result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Thus, we attempted to gain insight into the proteomic changes that occur during anchorage-independent cancer cell aggregation. As such, an ovarian cancer cell line, OV-90, was cultured in adherent and non-adherent conditions using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Anchorage-dependent cells (OV-90AD) were grown in tissue culture flasks, whereas anchorage-independent cells (OV-90AI) were grown in suspension using the hanging-drop method. Cellular proteins from both conditions were then identified using LC-MS/MS, which resulted in the quantification of 1533 proteins. Of these, 13 and 6 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in aggregate-forming cells compared with cells grown as monolayers. Relative gene expression and protein expression of candidates were examined in other cell line models of aggregate formation (TOV-112D and ES-2), which revealed an increased expression of calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1). Moreover, inhibitor and siRNA transfection studies demonstrated an apparent effect of CLCA1 on cancer cell aggregation. Further elucidation of the role of CLCA1 in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Musrap
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Alessandra Tuccitto
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - George S Karagiannis
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Punit Saraon
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Ihor Batruch
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
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Han YS, Lee JH, Lee SH. Fucoidan inhibits the migration and proliferation of HT-29 human colon cancer cells via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathways. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3446-3452. [PMID: 25998232 PMCID: PMC4526071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of fucoidan as an anti‑cancer agent remain to be elucidated. The present study examined the anti‑cancer effect of fucoidan on HT‑29 human colon cancer cells. The cell growth of HT29 cells was significantly decreased following treatment with fucoidan (200 µg/ml). In addition, fucoidan inhibited the migration of HT‑29 cells by decreasing the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase‑2 in a dose‑dependent manner (0‑200 µg/ml). The underlying mechanism of these inhibitory effects included the downregulation of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by treatment with fucoidan. Furthermore, fucoidan increased the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 and decreased cancer sphere formation. The present study suggested that fucoidan exerts an anti‑cancer effect on HT‑29 human colon cancer cells by downregulating the PI3K‑Akt‑mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, fucoidan may be a potential therapeutic reagent against the growth of human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Han
- Laboratory for Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336‑745, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory for Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336‑745, Republic of Korea
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Xie X, Long L, Wang H, Zheng Y, Liu S. The specifical inhibition of the expression of integrin alpha5/beta1 probably enhances the treatment effects and improves the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Med Hypotheses 2014; 84:68-71. [PMID: 25499001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to subtle symptoms and the absence of effective early screening methods, most of epithelial ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed in the late stage, when current treatment strategies are not so satisfactory. To date, ovarian cancer is still the leading cause of gynecological malignancy deaths in women. The formation of massive ascites is one of the important characteristics of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in the late stage. Cancer cells, existing in ascites in the form of spheroids, play an important role in metastasis and recurrence of the malignancy. Alpha5/beta1 integrin has been found to participate in the formation of epithelial ovarian cancer multicellular spheroids in vitro. But if we want to choose alpha5- and beta1-integrin subunits as treatment targets, we must specifically block the two subunits in cancer cells, because these two subunits are very important for the physiological activities in normal cells. Based on the knowledge mentioned above, we present hypotheses that we can inhibit specifically the expression of alpha5/beta1 integrin in cancer cells with the help of complementary replication defective adenovirus. As a result, the formation of cancer cells spheroids in ascites might be interfered with and the treatment effects and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer might be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xie
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of ENT, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Shanling Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China.
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A 3D matrix platform for the rapid generation of therapeutic anti-human carcinoma monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14882-7. [PMID: 25267635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410996111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop unbiased screens for identifying novel function-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in human carcinomatous states have been hampered by the limited ability to design in vitro models that recapitulate tumor cell behavior in vivo. Given that only invasive carcinoma cells gain permanent access to type I collagen-rich interstitial tissues, an experimental platform was established in which human breast cancer cells were embedded in 3D aldimine cross-linked collagen matrices and used as an immunogen to generate mAb libraries. In turn, cancer-cell-reactive antibodies were screened for their ability to block carcinoma cell proliferation within collagen hydrogels that mimic the in vivo environment. As a proof of principle, a single function-blocking mAb out of 15 identified was selected for further analysis and found to be capable of halting carcinoma cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and exerting global changes in gene expression in vitro. The ability of this mAb to block carcinoma cell proliferation and metastatic activity was confirmed in vivo, and the target antigen was identified by mass spectroscopy as the α2 subunit of the α2β1 integrin, one of the major type I collagen-binding receptors in mammalian cells. Validating the ability of the in vitro model to predict patterns of antigen expression in the disease setting, immunohistochemical analyses of tissues from patients with breast cancer verified markedly increased expression of the α2 subunit in vivo. These results not only highlight the utility of this discovery platform for rapidly selecting and characterizing function-blocking, anticancer mAbs in an unbiased fashion, but also identify α2β1 as a potential target in human carcinomatous states.
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50
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Chung YH, Hsu PH, Huang CW, Hsieh WC, Huang FT, Chang WC, Chiu H, Hsu ST, Yen TC. Evaluation of Prognostic Integrin α2β1 PET Tracer and Concurrent Targeting Delivery Using Focused Ultrasound for Brain Glioma Detection. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3904-14. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500296n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Hsu
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Hsieh
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ting Huang
- Department
of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Han Chiu
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hsu
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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