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Sørensen SO, Larsen KT, Høy TV, Hansen ABG, Jago R, Kristensen PL, Toftager M, Grøntved A, Gejl AK. Study protocol for the Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38374084 PMCID: PMC10875870 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are spending less leisure time with their friends in person and an increasing amount of time with digital screens. These changes may negatively affect children's physical and mental health. The Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial will test the feasibility, including acceptability and compliance, of an intervention designed to reduce screen media usage and encourage physical interaction with friends during leisure time in 9-11-year-old children. METHODS A non-randomized single-group feasibility trial will be conducted from March to October 2023 including approximately 75 children (aged 9-11 years) and 75 parents (at least 1 per child) from 3 different schools recruited from 3 different municipalities in Denmark. The Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention is a multicomponent intervention targeting families, afterschool clubs, and local communities. It has been developed using a systematic process guided by the Medical Research Council UK's framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. With a systems perspective in mind, the intervention and implementation approach has been designed to facilitate adaptation to the specific needs of diverse local communities while maintaining the core components of the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be assessed during the intervention using process evaluation inspired by the RE-AIM framework including questionnaires and interviews with the municipality project managers, research team members, local ambassadors and stakeholders, parents and school, and afterschool club personnel. In addition, participation, recruitment, retention rate, and compliance to the outcome measurements will be investigated and presented. DISCUSSION The trial will investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention, the recruitment strategy, and the planned outcome measurements. This feasibility study will investigate necessary refinements before the implementation of the intervention program in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate its impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov, ID: NCT05480085. Registered 29 July 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05480085?cond=Screen+free+time+with+friends&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Overgaard Sørensen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Traberg Larsen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teresa Victoria Høy
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Kær Gejl
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Moreno-Díaz MI, Vaquero-Solís M, Tapia-Serrano MÁ, Sánchez-Miguel PA. Physical Activity, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Body Dissatisfaction in Physical Education of Extremadura Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:83. [PMID: 38255396 PMCID: PMC10814063 DOI: 10.3390/children11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, physical activity levels among youths have declined significantly. This has led to a decline in adherence to physical activity recommendations. In this sense, physical education offers an ideal environment that contributes positively to improving adherence to physical activity recommendations, as it teaches students movement-related skills and knowledge. The objective of the present research was to investigate the relationship between physical activity levels, body composition, fitness in Physical Education, and body dissatisfaction levels, and to analyse sex differences in relation to the study variables. The sample was formed of 1166 participants from the 1st and 2nd secondary compulsory education, of which 642 were boys (age 13.16 ± 0.91), and 524 girls (age 13.08 ± 0.85). The measure of physical activity was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Body composition was assessed using weight and height to calculate their body mass index. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test in Physical Education lessons. The results showed the relationship between physical activity and body mass index, cardiorespiratory capacity, and body satisfaction. It was also confirmed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with a lower body mass index, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower levels of body dissatisfaction to a greater extent in boys than in girls. The study concludes that improvements in the study variables were associated with increased physical activity. In addition, it seems necessary to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education lessons, especially during adolescence, as they could serve as a gateway for the improvement of health-related fitness in future generations. Increasing the amount of physical activity among young people is vital. Therefore, it would be essential to develop intervention programs in physical education classes, especially during adolescence, aimed at promoting and increasing physical activity and its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Moreno-Díaz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
| | - Miguel Vaquero-Solís
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
| | | | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
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Tully L, Arthurs N, Wyse C, Browne S, Case L, McCrea L, O’Connell JM, O’Gorman CS, Smith SM, Walsh A, Ward F, O’Malley G. Guidelines for treating child and adolescent obesity: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:902865. [PMID: 36313105 PMCID: PMC9597370 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.902865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that compromises the physical and mental health of an increasing proportion of children globally. In high-income countries, prevalence of paediatric obesity is increasing faster in those from marginalised populations such as low-income households, suggesting the disease as one that is largely systemic. Appropriate treatment should be prioritised in these settings to prevent the development of complications and co-morbidities and manage those that already exist. An array of clinical practice guidelines are available for managing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review has yet compared their quality or synthesised their recommendations. We aimed to narratively review clinical practice guidelines published in English for treating child and adolescent obesity, to identify the highest quality guidelines, and assess similarities, conflicts, and gaps in recommendations. We systematically searched academic databases and grey literature for guidelines published. We used the AGREE II tool to assess the quality, and identified nine high quality guidelines for inclusion in a narrative review of recommendations. Guidelines predominantly recommended the delivery of multi-component behaviour-change interventions aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity. Treatment outcomes were generally focussed on weight, with less emphasis on managing complications or improving quality-of-life. There was no evidence-based consensus on the best mode of delivery, setting, or treatment format. The guidelines rarely included recommendations for addressing the practical or social barriers to behaviour change, such as cooking skills or supervised physical activity. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate pharmaceutical and surgical interventions in children, and these were generally not recommended. It should be noted that this review addressed documents published in English only, and therefore the included guidelines were applicable predominantly to high-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tully
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Arthurs
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy Wyse
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Browne
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucinda Case
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lois McCrea
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. O’Connell
- St. Columcille’s Hospital Weight Management Service, St.Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh S. O’Gorman
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Ward
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O’Malley
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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Nomatshila SC, Mabunda SA, Puoane T, Apalata TR. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2946. [PMID: 35270639 PMCID: PMC8910414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health concern that begins in childhood and is on the rise among people aged 18 and up, with substantial health consequences that offer socioeconomic challenges at all levels, from households to governments. Obesity and associated risk factors were investigated in children and adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mt Frere among 209 conveniently selected participants using anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire. Chi-squared statistics or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the risk factors predicting different outcomes such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. A 5% level of significance was used for statistical significance (p-value 0.05). The prevalence of overweight or obesity among females when using waist circumference (2.7%), triceps skinfold (6.9%), and body mass index cut-offs (16.4%) were respectively higher when compared to those of males. About 89% engaged in physical activities. After school, 53% watched television. About 24.9% of participants did not eat breakfast. Most of overweight or obese participants (92.9%) brought pocket money to school. Use of single anthropometric measurements for assessing nutritional status indicated inconclusive results. Strengthening parental care, motivation for consumption of breakfast and limiting pocket money for children going to school are important steps to improve child health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia;
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
| | - Thandi Puoane
- Department of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Teke R. Apalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
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Abdou A, Bendary M, Abdou S, Amer G. Impact of conjugated linoleic acid on obesity and its association with macrophage recruitment: Experimental and immunohistochemical study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_25_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fomby P, Goode JA, Truong-Vu KP, Mollborn S. Adolescent Technology, Sleep, and Physical Activity Time in Two US Cohorts. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:585-609. [PMID: 33911316 PMCID: PMC8074863 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x19868365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of internet-enabled mobile digital devices has transformed US adolescent technology use over the last decade, yet little is known about how these changes map onto other health-related behaviors. We provide a national profile of how contemporary technology use fits into adolescents' daily health lifestyles compared to the previous generation, with particular attention to whether and for whom technology use displaces time spent in sleep or physical activity. Time diaries were collected from 11-17 year olds in 2002-03 (N=1,139) and 2014-16 (N=527) through the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. Contemporary adolescents spent 40 minutes more per week in technology-focused activities, but their composition was more varied compared to the earlier cohort. Contemporary technology use was predictive of less time in physical activity, and adolescents engaged in frequent video game play spent less time in physical activity compared to peers with other technology use profiles.
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Wärnberg J, Pérez-Farinós N, Benavente-Marín JC, Gómez SF, Labayen I, G. Zapico A, Gusi N, Aznar S, Alcaraz PE, González-Valeiro M, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Tur JA, Segú M, Lassale C, Homs C, Oses M, González-Gross M, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Marín-Cascales E, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Bibiloni MDM, Sancho-Moron O, Schröder H, Barón-López FJ. Screen Time and Parents' Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:795. [PMID: 33669366 PMCID: PMC7920265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents' education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents' education levels were gathered using questionnaires. A descriptive study of the variables according to sex and parents' education level was performed. Logistic regression models (adjusted by sex and weight status) were fitted to evaluate the independent association between screen time and Kids' level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED) index, as well as some of its items. A greater amount of screen time was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet; a lower consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts; and a greater consumption of fast food, sweets, and candies. A lower parents' education level was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to promote the responsible, limited use of screen time, especially in children with parents with a lower education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wärnberg
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Segú
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (O.S.-M.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clara Homs
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Ramon Llull University Faculty of Health Sciences, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maddi Oses
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - María del Mar Bibiloni
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Barón-López
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
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Bravin JI, Gutierrez AP, McCurley JL, Roesch SC, Isasi CR, Delamater AM, Perreira KM, Van Horn L, Castañeda SF, Pulgaron ER, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Lopez-Class M, Zeng D, Gallo LC. Extra-familial social factors and obesity in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth. J Behav Med 2019; 42:947-959. [PMID: 30911873 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately affected by obesity. However, how social factors outside of the family relate to Hispanic/Latino youth obesity is not well understood. We examined associations of extra-familial social factors with overweight/obesity prevalence, and their variation by sex and age, in 1444 Study of Latino Youth participants [48.6% female; 43.4% children (8-11 years); 56.6% adolescents (12-16 years)], who were offspring of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. Youth self-reported general social support from friends, dietary-, and physical activity (PA)-specific support from peers, and awareness/internalization of thinness ideals. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 85th percentile. Logistic regression models assessed effects of social factors and their interactions with age-group and sex, adjusting for potential confounders. Social support from friends interacted with both age and sex in relation to overweight/obesity. Female children who reported lesser (OR 0.60; 95% CI [0.39, 0.91]) and female adolescents who reported greater (OR 1.35; 95% CI [1.06, 1.74]) social support from friends had higher odds of overweight/obesity. Among males, greater awareness/internalization of thinness ideals related to higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR 2.30; 95% CI [1.59, 3.31]). Awareness/internalization of thinness ideals was not associated with overweight/obesity among females. Dietary and PA-specific peer support did not relate to overweight/obesity. Social support from friends and awareness/internalization of thinness ideals were significantly related to odds of overweight/obesity in Hispanic/Latino youth; associations varied by age and sex, and persisted after control for intra-familial factors (overall family support/function; diet and activity specific support).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I Bravin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, South Bay Latino Research Center, 780 Bay Blvd. Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA.
| | - Angela P Gutierrez
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, South Bay Latino Research Center, 780 Bay Blvd. Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA
| | | | - Scott C Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Class
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Parental Perceptions of Child's Medical Care and Neighborhood and Child's Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity in U.S. Children by Body Mass Index Classification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:3737194. [PMID: 30719050 PMCID: PMC6335658 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3737194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors, preventive medical care, and behaviors play a role in childhood obesity. This study used the National Survey of Children's Health, 2011-2012, for 42,828 children, ages 10-17 years. Greater percent of children in the overweight/obese category performed no moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: 11.9 (10.6, 13.3) as compared to children in the underweight/normal weight category: 9.7 (8.9 10.6). No moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with no preventive medical care, inadequate or no health care, parents reporting higher percent of no parks or playgrounds, and unsafe and unsupportive neighborhoods. Odds ratios of overweight/obesity were higher for males [OR = 2.06 (1.64, 2.60)], Hispanics [OR = 1.49 (1.17, 1.90)], non-Hispanic Black females [OR = 1.59 (1.20, 2.08)], younger females [OR10-12 yrs. = 1.35 (1.03, 1.79) and OR13-15 yrs. = 1.4. (1.06, 1.89) vs. OR = 1.0016-17 yrs.], children with high television viewing [OR0-1 hr./day = 0.72 (0.61, 0.86); OR>1 to <4 hrs./day 0.84 (0.72, 0.99) = vs. OR = 1.00≥ 4 hrs./day,] and lower categories of physical activity [OR 0 days/wk. = 1.38 (1.13, 1.62); OR1-3 days/wk. = 1.14 (1.22, 1.62) vs. OR7 days/wk. = 1.00], higher poverty, smoke exposure, and parental perception of their neighborhood as unsupportive. Promoting preventive medical care and neighborhood cooperation may have potential to lower childhood obesity.
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Hofferth S, Bickham D, Brooks-Gunn J, Davis-Kean P, Yeung J. Contributions of Research based on the PSID Child Development Supplement. THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 2018; 680:97-131. [PMID: 31178594 PMCID: PMC6550474 DOI: 10.1177/0002716218798308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Child Development Supplement to the PSID (PSID-CDS) began in 1997 with a cohort of 2,394 households including 3,586 children. Since that auspicious start, three waves of the first cohort were collected - 1997, 2002-03, and 2007-08 - and a new cohort was interviewed in 2014. To date more than 400 journal articles, chapters, books, and dissertations that used the data have been collected in the PSID bibliography. This paper brings together founders and early adopters to summarize important contributions to the child development, time use, media, and health literatures. The purpose of this paper is not a detailed literature review but an overview of the literature and knowledge base to which PSID-CDS researchers have contributed. It points out unique methodological and measurement contributions, summarizes the motivation for research on parental investments in children, reviews findings regarding healthy child development, and examines the role of neighborhoods in children's lives.
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Katapally TR, Thorisdottir AS, Laxer R, Leatherdale ST. The association of school connectedness and bullying involvement with multiple screen-time behaviours among youth in two Canadian provinces: a COMPASS study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:368-379. [PMID: 30303657 PMCID: PMC6197613 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screen time, a proxy for sedentary behaviours, has emerged as a critical health determinant among youth in contemporary societies, where most aspects of youth life involve access to screen-time devices. An understudied approach to reducing screen time among youth is bullying reduction. This study aims to understand the association between bullying perpetration, victimization, youth perception of the school environment and multiple screen-time behaviours. METHODS A total of 44,861 youth aged between 13 and 18 years in two Canadian provinces completed a validated questionnaire that collected student data on health behaviours and outcomes, including multiple screen-time behaviours, bullying perpetration and victimization, and school connectedness. The outcome variables were total screen time, time spent watching television, playing video games, internet surfing, and communication- based screen-time behaviours. Using a random intercept, the final models were built using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. These models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, weekly disposable income, daylight hours, and weather variables. RESULTS Compared to youth who reported non-involvement in bullying, youth who were bullies, victims, or both bullies and victims spent on average more minutes per day in front of screens across all screen time categories. Youth who felt happy and safe at school, and who perceived their teachers as being fair, reported lower levels of multiple screen-time behaviours. CONCLUSION With non-involvement in bullying showing a strong negative association with multiple screen-time behaviours, school policies to address bullying and screen time through school connectedness could offer a novel approach in minimizing these harmful behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Laxer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Sundar TKB, Løndal K, Lagerløv P, Glavin K, Helseth S. Overweight adolescents' views on physical activity - experiences of participants in an internet-based intervention: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:448. [PMID: 29618327 PMCID: PMC5885359 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obese adolescents are reported to be less physically active than their peers. Research-based knowledge about their views may contribute to a better understanding of key factors that may foster or undermine motivation for physical activity, and provide knowledge for the future development of interventions. This paper explores experiences of physical activity among overweight adolescents, age 13-14 years, participants in Young & Active, a web-based controlled trial intervention to increase physical activity (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01700309). The theoretical perspective is based on Self-Determination Theory. METHODS Two qualitative post-intervention research interviews, with a nine-month interval, were conducted with 21 adolescents, 15 girls and 6 boys to study short-term and long-term changes. The informants were recruited from a total of 84 participants from the Young & Active intervention group. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The participants associated physical activity with organized sports and physical education classes at school, and as a means of promoting good health and attractive bodies. A majority of the adolescents said that they experienced their health as poorer than other youths, and expressed worries about their fitness and future health. Mastering a physical activity, being together with friends and having fun promoted motivation to perform sports. Not mastering an activity, or not knowing the others made them less motivated. None of the adolescents highlighted the importance of informal active living when asked about their understanding and experiences of physical activity. Consistency was found between the first and second interviews. CONCLUSION This study adds to limited research on overweight and obese adolescents' experiences of physical activity. The participants' views reflect opinions in society about physical activity, and its importance for health. Viewing physical activity as conducted within organized sports makes it necessary to look into how these are organized, structured and led, and what can be done to support self-esteem, autonomous motivation and participation. The ability to choose among available, affordable and desirable physical activities, together with friends, may promote participation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Kristin Bigum Sundar
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Løndal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education, Faculty of Education and International Studies, OsloMet -Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Lagerløv
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education, Faculty of Education and International Studies, OsloMet -Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Maia EG, Mendes LL, Pimenta AM, Levy RB, Claro RM. Cluster of risk and protective factors for obesity among Brazilian adolescents. Int J Public Health 2017; 63:481-490. [PMID: 29143071 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify and analyze clusters formed by risk and protective factors for obesity among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected in a national representative sample of adolescents by the Brazilian National School Health Survey of 2012 were used (n = 109,104). Cluster analysis was applied to identify clusters involving dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Logistic regression was employed to contextualize the clusters according to students' sociodemographics and schools' characteristics. RESULTS Two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 was predominantly characterized by the low frequency of both risk and protective factors for obesity; Cluster 2 was characterized by high frequency of both of these factors. None was essentially healthy or unhealthy. Adolescents from less developed regions and with mothers with lower education level were associated to Cluster 1. CONCLUSIONS The identification of two mixed clusters indicate wide spread obesity risk among scholars in the country. The association between the clusters and sociodemographic characteristics of the population allows a greater refinement of health promotion and obesity prevention and combat actions in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella Gomes Maia
- Graduate Program in Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Nutrition Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Marçal Pimenta
- Department of Maternal Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Nutrition Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Stearns JA, Carson V, Spence JC, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST. The role of peer victimization in the physical activity and screen time of adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:170. [PMID: 28724432 PMCID: PMC5517809 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative peer experiences may lead adolescents with overweight and obesity to be less active and engage in more sitting-related behaviors. Our study is among the first to empirically test these associations and hypothesized that 1) peer victimization would mediate the negative association between body weight status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 2) peer victimization would mediate the positive association between body weight status and screen time. Differences by gender were also explored. Methods Participants were a part of the Year 1 data (2012–2013) from the COMPASS study, a prospective cohort study of high school students in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. The final sample consisted of 18,147 students in grades 9 to 12 from 43 Ontario secondary schools. The predictor variable was weight status (non-overweight vs. overweight/obese), the mediator was peer victimization, and the outcome variables were screen time and MVPA. Multilevel path analysis was conducted, controlling for clustering within schools and covariates. A few differences were observed between males and females; therefore, the results are stratified by gender. Results For both males and females peer victimization partially mediated the association between weight status and screen time. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity reported 34 more minutes/day of screen time than did females who were not overweight and 2 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing peer victimization. Similarly, males who were overweight/obese reported 13 more minutes/day of screen time than the males who were not overweight and 1 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing more victimization. Males and females who were overweight/obese also reported less MVPA compared to those who were not overweight; however, peer victimization did not mediate these associations in the hypothesized direction. Conclusions We found that higher rates of peer victimization experienced by adolescents with overweight and obesity partially explained why they engaged in more screen time than adolescents who were not overweight. However, the effects were small and may be of limited practical significance. Because this is one of the first studies to investigate these associations, more research is needed before bully prevention or conflict resolution training are explored as intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Pérez-Farinós N, Villar-Villalba C, López Sobaler AM, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Aparicio A, Santos Sanz S, Robledo de Dios T, Castrodeza-Sanz JJ, Ortega Anta RM. The relationship between hours of sleep, screen time and frequency of food and drink consumption in Spain in the 2011 and 2013 ALADINO: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:33. [PMID: 28056890 PMCID: PMC5217644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of intake of food and beverages depends on a number of ill-defined behaviour patterns. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of screen time and sleep duration on food consumption frequency, and to describe frequencies and types of food consumption according to BMI category and parents' level of education. METHODS We studied 6287 and 2806 children drawn from the 2011 and 2013 cross-sectional ALADINO studies respectively. Data were collected on number of hours of sleep, screen time, and weekly frequency of consumption of 17 food groups. Weight status was measured, and information was also collected on parents' educational level. Average food consumption frequencies were calculated by reference to hours of sleep and hours of screen time, and were defined as ≥4 times or <4 times per week (once per week for soft drinks and diet soft drinks). Differences in frequency were evaluated for screen times of more and less than 2 h per day, and for sleep durations longer or shorter than the daily average. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate the independent association between screen exposure and hours of sleep on the one hand, and food consumption frequency on the other. RESULTS Consumption of fruit and vegetables was lower among children who had parents with no formal or only primary school education. High levels of screen time were associated with a greater frequency of consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor products and a lower frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables. Sleeping a sufficient number of hours was associated with a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. The results for 2011 were concordant with those for 2013. CONCLUSIONS If efforts to ensure healthier eating habits among children are to be at all successful, they should focus on promoting a sufficient amount of sleep for children, limiting the time they spend watching television and/or playing with computers or video games, and educating parents accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain.
| | - Carmen Villar-Villalba
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Ana María López Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Sara Santos Sanz
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Teresa Robledo de Dios
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - José Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Alcalá 56, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Rosa María Ortega Anta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Noonan RJ, Boddy LM, Fairclough SJ, Knowles ZR. Write, draw, show, and tell: a child-centred dual methodology to explore perceptions of out-of-school physical activity. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:326. [PMID: 27080384 PMCID: PMC4832535 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research to increase children's physical activity and inform intervention design has, to date, largely underrepresented children's voices. Further, research has been limited to singular qualitative methods that overlook children's varied linguistic ability and interaction preference. The aim of this study was to use a novel combination of qualitative techniques to explore children's current views, experiences and perceptions of out-of-school physical activity as well as offering formative opinion about future intervention design. METHODS Write, draw, show and tell (WDST) groups were conducted with 35 children aged 10-11 years from 7 primary schools. Data were analysed through a deductive and inductive process, firstly using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model as a thematic framework, and then inductively to enable emergent themes to be further explored. Pen profiles were constructed representing key emergent themes. RESULTS The WDST combination of qualitative techniques generated complimentary interconnected data which both confirmed and uncovered new insights into factors relevant to children's out-of-school physical activity. Physical activity was most frequently associated with organised sports. Fun, enjoyment, competence, and physical activity provision were all important predictors of children's out-of-school physical activity. Paradoxically, parents served as both significant enablers (i.e. encouragement) and barriers (i.e. restricting participation) to physical activity participation. Some of these key findings would have otherwise remained hidden when compared to more traditional singular methods based approaches. CONCLUSIONS Parents are in a unique position to promote health promoting behaviours serving as role models, physical activity gatekeepers and choice architects. Given the strong socialising effect parents have on children's physical activity, family-based physical activity intervention may offer a promising alternative compared to traditional school-based approaches. Parents' qualitative input is important to supplement children's voices and inform future family-based intervention design. The WDST method developed here is an inclusive, interactive and child-centred methodology which facilitates the exploration of a wide range of topics and enhances data credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Noonan
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 62 Great Crosshall Street, Liverpool, L3 2AT, UK.
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 62 Great Crosshall Street, Liverpool, L3 2AT, UK
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Zoe R Knowles
- The Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 62 Great Crosshall Street, Liverpool, L3 2AT, UK
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Perry CL, Hoelscher DM, Kohl III HW. Research contributions on childhood obesity from a public-private partnership. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 26222489 PMCID: PMC4518895 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-12-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity remains a significant global problem with immediate and long-term individual health and societal consequences. Targets for change should include the most potent and predictive factors for obesity at all levels of the personal, social and physical environments. The Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living ('the Center') is a public-private partnership that was developed to address child health issues through research, service, and education. This overview paper introduces a special issue of seven articles on childhood obesity from the Center, and the implications of this research for obesity prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS A review of the literature on public-private partnerships was undertaken and key components of the partnership between the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation and the Center were compared for compatibility. The conceptual framework for Center research, based on social cognitive theory and the social-ecological model, is explained. An overview of papers in this special issue, relative to the conceptual framework, and the implications of this research for childhood obesity prevention, are provided. CONCLUSIONS The public-private partnership that created the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living has been instrumental in motivating the Center’s academic faculty to focus their research on improvements in child, family and community health through etiologic, epidemiologic, methodologic and intervention research. This special issue extends this work and places particular emphasis on socioeconomic inequalities in addressing the obesity problem in the U.S. and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Perry
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl III
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
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