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Ye F, Yuan X, Yu W, Ma Y, Mao C, Li X, Li J, Dai C, Qian F, Li J, Fan X, Zhou Y, Dai D, Wang D, Chen D, Xia S, Zhang M. EGFR-TKIs Combined with Allogeneic CD8+ NKT Cell Immunotherapy to Treat Patients with Advanced EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241273198. [PMID: 39166278 PMCID: PMC11339933 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241273198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogenic CD8 + natural killer T (CD8+ NKT) immunotherapy combined with gefitinib in the treatment of advanced or metastatic EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This study is prospective. The NSCLC patients with exon 19 (Ex19del) or exon 21 L858R point mutations, and response to gefitinib treatment were enrolled into the trial to be randomly assigned into the gefitinib arm and the gefitinib/NKT arm. Allogenic CD8+ NKT cells were cultured in vitro and adaptive transferred into the patients via vein in the gefitinib/NKT arm. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoint analysis included time to disease progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), levels of serum tumour markers for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood, the response rate and safety. From July 2017 to June 2021, 19 patients were randomly assigned to the gefitinib arm (n = 8) and the gefitinib/NKT arm (n = 11). Results: The estimated median survival PFS in the gefitinib/NKT arm was significantly longer than that of the gefitinib arm (12 months vs 7 months). Similar results were also observed for the median TTP. Moreover, the gefitinib/NKT arm had better CEA control than the gefitinib arm. Clinical grade 3 adverse reactions occurred in 64% and 39% of patients in the gefitinib/NKT arm and the gefitinib arm, respectively. The most common grade 3 adverse events in the gefitinib/NKT arm included abnormal liver function in 8 cases (73%) and diarrhoea in 1 case (9%), both of which resolved after drug intervention. Conclusion: The PFS of EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC treated with allogenic CD8+ NKT cells combined with gefitinib was longer than that of gefitinib alone. No obvious serious adverse reactions occurred, and the patients compliance and survival status were good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yali Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fenhong Qian
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Fan
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongfang Dai
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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2
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Wu X, Li T, Jiang R, Yang X, Guo H, Yang R. Targeting MHC-I molecules for cancer: function, mechanism, and therapeutic prospects. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:194. [PMID: 38041084 PMCID: PMC10693139 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecules of Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) load peptides and present them on the cell surface, which provided the immune system with the signal to detect and eliminate the infected or cancerous cells. In the context of cancer, owing to the crucial immune-regulatory roles played by MHC-I molecules, the abnormal modulation of MHC-I expression and function could be hijacked by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance and attack, thereby promoting tumoral progression and impairing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we reviewed and discussed the recent studies and discoveries related to the MHC-I molecules and their multidirectional functions in the development of cancer, mainly focusing on the interactions between MHC-I and the multiple participators in the tumor microenvironment and highlighting the significance of targeting MHC-I for optimizing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature and functioning mechanism of MHC-I in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Kwok HH, Yang J, Lam DCL. Breaking the Invisible Barriers: Unleashing the Full Potential of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncogene-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37345086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of targeted therapy paved the way toward personalized medicine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) harboring actionable genetic alternations including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) incurred lesser treatment toxicity but better therapeutic responses compared with systemic chemotherapy. Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have also shown an increase in overall survival (OS) for NSCLC patients. However, acquired resistance to these targeted therapies remains a major obstacle to long-term maintenance treatment for lung ADC patients. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has changed the treatment paradigm for NSCLC tumors without actionable genetic alternations. Clinical studies have suggested, however, that there are no survival benefits with the combination of targeted therapy and ICIs. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamics of immune phenotypes, which could be crucial in extending the applicability of ICIs for this subpopulation of lung ADC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiashuang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Chen S, Tang J, Liu F, Li W, Yan T, Shangguan D, Yang N, Liao D. Changes of tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer after TKI treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094764. [PMID: 36949948 PMCID: PMC10025329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer diagnosis, among which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations are the common genetic drivers. Their relative tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown a better response for oncogene-driven NSCLC than chemotherapy. However, the development of resistance is inevitable following the treatments, which need a new strategy urgently. Although immunotherapy, a hot topic for cancer therapy, has shown an excellent response for other cancers, few responses for oncogene-driven NSCLC have been presented from the existing evidence, including clinical studies. Recently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly thought to be a key parameter for the efficacy of cancer treatment such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy, while evidence has also shown that the TME could be affected by multi-factors, such as TKIs. Here, we discuss changes in the TME in NSCLC after TKI treatments, especially for EGFR-TKIs, to offer information for a new therapy of oncogene-driven NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dangang Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Nintedanib-αVβ6 Integrin Ligand Conjugates Reduce TGF β-Induced EMT in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021475. [PMID: 36674990 PMCID: PMC9861180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and cytokines released in the lung cancer microenvironment promote an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that sustains the progression of neoplastic diseases. TGFβ is one of the most powerful inducers of this transition, as it induces overexpression of the fibronectin receptor, αvβ6 integrin, in cancer cells which, in turn, is strongly associated with EMT. Thus, αvβ6 integrin receptors may be exploited as a target for the selective delivery of anti-tumor agents. We introduce three novel synthesized conjugates, in which a selective αvβ6 receptor ligand is linked to nintedanib, a potent kinase inhibitor used to treat advanced adenocarcinoma lung cancer in clinics. The αvβ6 integrin ligand directs nintedanib activity to the target cells of the tumor microenvironment, avoiding the onset of negative side effects in normal cells. We found that the three conjugates inhibit the adhesion of cancer cells to fibronectin in a concentration-dependent manner and that αvβ6-expressing cells internalized the conjugated compounds, thus permitting nintedanib to inhibit 2D and 3D cancer cell growth and suppress the clonogenic ability of the EMT phenotype as well as intervening in other aspects associated with the EMT transition. These results highlight αvβ6 receptors as privileged access points for dual-targeting molecular conjugates engaged in an efficient and precise strategy against non-small cell lung cancer.
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6
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Deng X, Terunuma H. Harnessing NK Cells to Control Metastasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122018. [PMID: 36560427 PMCID: PMC9781233 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has produced remarkable results in tumor treatment. Nevertheless, its effects are severely limited in patients with low or absent pre-existing T cell immunity. Accordingly, metastasis remains the major cause of tumor-associated death. On the other hand, natural killer (NK) cells have the unique ability to recognize and rapidly act against tumor cells and surveil tumor cell dissemination. The role of NK cells in metastasis prevention is undisputable as an increase in the number of these cells mostly leads to a favorable prognosis. Hence, it is reasonable to consider that successful metastasis involves evasion of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Therefore, harnessing NK cells to control metastasis is promising. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds for distant metastasis, and the number of CTCs detected in the blood of patients with tumor is associated with a worse prognosis, whereas NK cells can eliminate highly motile CTCs especially in the blood. Here, we review the role of NK cells during metastasis, particularly the specific interactions of NK cells with CTCs, which may provide essential clues on how to harness the power of NK cells against tumor metastasis. As a result, a new way to prevent or treat metastatic tumor may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Deng
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5632-6080; Fax: +81-3-5632-6083
| | - Hiroshi Terunuma
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- N2 Clinic Yotsuya, 5F 2-6 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
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7
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Gunasekaran M, Difiglia A, Fitzgerald J, Hariri R, van der Touw W, Mahlakõiv T. Human placental hematopoietic stem cell-derived natural killer cells (CYNK) recognize and eliminate influenza A virus-infected cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900624. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are a significant recurrent threat to public health and a significant burden on global economy, highlighting the need for developing more effective therapies. Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the control of pulmonary IAV infection, however, little is known about the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells for viral infections. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of CYNK, human placental hematopoietic stem cell-derived NK cells, against IAV infection in vitro. Virus infection induced the expression of NK cell activating ligands on respiratory epithelial cells, resulting in enhanced recognition by CYNK cells. Upon co-culture with IAV-infected epithelial cells, CYNK exhibited elevated degranulation and increased production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF in a virus dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CYNK showed virus dose-dependent cytotoxicity against IAV-infected cells. The antiviral activity of CYNK was mediated by NKp46 and NKG2D. Together, these data demonstrate that CYNK possesses potent antiviral function against IAV and warrant clinical investigations for adoptive NK cell therapies against viral infections.
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8
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Jones AB, Rocco A, Lamb LS, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Regulation of NKG2D Stress Ligands and Its Relevance in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2339. [PMID: 35565467 PMCID: PMC9105350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Under cellular distress, multiple facets of normal homeostatic signaling are altered or disrupted. In the context of the immune landscape, external and internal stressors normally promote the expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands that allow for the targeted recognition and killing of cells by NKG2D receptor-bearing effector populations. The presence or absence of NKG2D ligands can heavily influence disease progression and impact the accessibility of immunotherapy options. In cancer, tumor cells are known to have distinct regulatory mechanisms for NKG2D ligands that are directly associated with tumor progression and maintenance. Therefore, understanding the regulation of NKG2D ligands in cancer will allow for targeted therapeutic endeavors aimed at exploiting the stress response pathway. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms controlling the induction and repression of NKG2D ligands in cancer. Additionally, we highlight current therapeutic endeavors targeting NKG2D ligand expression and offer our perspective on considerations to further enhance the field of NKG2D ligand biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B. Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Abbey Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | | | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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9
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Bernareggi D, Xie Q, Prager BC, Yun J, Cruz LS, Pham TV, Kim W, Lee X, Coffey M, Zalfa C, Azmoon P, Zhu H, Tamayo P, Rich JN, Kaufman DS. CHMP2A regulates tumor sensitivity to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1899. [PMID: 35393416 PMCID: PMC8990014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mediate killing of various cancer types, but tumor cells can develop resistance mechanisms to escape NK cell-mediated killing. Here, we use a "two cell type" whole genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening system to discover key regulators of tumor sensitivity and resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). We identify CHMP2A as a regulator of GSC resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and we confirm these findings in a head and neck squamous cells carcinoma (HNSCC) model. We show that deletion of CHMP2A activates NF-κB in tumor cells to mediate increased chemokine secretion that promotes NK cell migration towards tumor cells. In the HNSCC model we demonstrate that CHMP2A mediates tumor resistance to NK cells via secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express MICA/B and TRAIL. These secreted ligands induce apoptosis of NK cells to inhibit their antitumor activity. To confirm these in vitro studies, we demonstrate that deletion of CHMP2A in CAL27 HNSCC cells leads to increased NK cell-mediated killing in a xenograft immunodeficient mouse model. These findings illustrate a mechanism of tumor immune escape through EVs secretion and identify inhibition of CHMP2A and related targets as opportunities to improve NK cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bernareggi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Cleveland Clinic & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiyoung Yun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luisjesus S Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy V Pham
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Kim
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiqing Lee
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Michael Coffey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zalfa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Targeting oncogene and non-oncogene addiction to inflame the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:440-462. [PMID: 35292771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the clinical management of multiple tumours. However, only a few patients respond to ICIs, which has generated considerable interest in the identification of resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism reflects the ability of various oncogenic pathways, as well as stress response pathways required for the survival of transformed cells (a situation commonly referred to as 'non-oncogene addiction'), to support tumour progression not only by providing malignant cells with survival and/or proliferation advantages, but also by establishing immunologically 'cold' tumour microenvironments (TMEs). Thus, both oncogene and non-oncogene addiction stand out as promising targets to robustly inflame the TME and potentially enable superior responses to ICIs.
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11
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Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen R, Fang C, Zhang C, Ji M, Yang X. Immunotherapy-based combination strategies for treatment of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. Future Oncol 2022; 18:1757-1775. [PMID: 35232247 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of molecular targeted therapy brings hope to patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance inevitably occurs during treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, shows a favorable prognosis in T790M-positive NSCLC. Unfortunately, acquired resistance is still a challenge for both patients and clinicians. There is still no consensus on the optimal treatment. PD-1 and its ligand receptor 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have yielded great progress, especially in patients with no actionable mutations. In this review, the authors take stock of the relationship between EGFR mutations and PD-L1 expression and summarize the important clinical studies on immunotherapy-inhibitor-based treatment in patients with EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, no 185 Juqian Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, China
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12
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Sadagopan A, Michelakos T, Boyiadzis G, Ferrone C, Ferrone S. Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery Upregulation by Anticancer Therapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:462-473. [PMID: 34940799 PMCID: PMC8930447 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although typically impressive, objective responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occur in only 12.5% of patients with advanced cancer. The majority of patients do not respond due to cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen-processing machinery (APM) defects. The APM defects, which have a negative effect on neoantigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are present in the majority of malignant tumors. These defects are caused by gene variations in less than 25% of cases and by dysregulated signaling and/or epigenetic changes in most of the remaining cases, making them frequently correctable. This narrative review summarizes the growing clinical evidence that chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and, to a lesser extent, radiotherapy can correct HLA class I APM defects in cancer cells and improve responses to ICIs. OBSERVATIONS Most chemotherapeutics enhance HLA class I APM component expression and function in cancer cells, tumor CTL infiltration, and responses to ICIs in preclinical and clinical models. Despite preclinical evidence, radiotherapy does not appear to upregulate HLA class I expression in patients and does not enhance the efficacy of ICIs in clinical settings. The latter findings underscore the need to optimize the dose and schedule of radiation and timing of ICI administration to maximize their immunogenic synergy. By increasing DNA and chromatin accessibility, epigenetic agents (histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, and EZH2 inhibitors) enhance HLA class I APM component expression and function in many cancer types, a crucial contributor to their synergy with ICIs in patients. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and BRAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors are effective at upregulating HLA class I expression in EGFR- and BRAF-variant tumors, respectively; these changes may contribute to the clinical responses induced by these inhibitors in combination with ICIs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This narrative review summarizes evidence indicating that chemotherapy and targeted therapies are effective at enhancing HLA class I APM component expression and function in cancer cells. The resulting increased immunogenicity and recognition and elimination of cancer cells by cognate CTLs contributes to the antitumor activity of these therapies as well as to their synergy with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthan Sadagopan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella Boyiadzis
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Wu HY, Li KX, Pan WY, Guo MQ, Qiu DZ, He YJ, Li YH, Huang YX. Venetoclax enhances NK cell killing sensitivity of AML cells through the NKG2D/NKG2DL activation pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108497. [PMID: 34999394 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venetoclax, a selective B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) inhibitor, has a potential therapeutic effect when combined with demethylating agents in the first-line setting of unfit elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); however, efficacy is still limited in refractory/recurrent AML. Therefore, exploration of a suitable novel treatment scheme is urgently needed.However, combining venetoclax with NK cell-based immunotherapy has not been studied. METHODS The cytotoxicity of NK cell combined with venetoclax was assessed in vitro using flow cytometry. Venetoclax-induced natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligand (NKG2DL) expression was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Mechanisms underlying venetoclax-induced NKG2DL expression were found by GSE127200 analysis and investigated using real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis showed that combining venetoclax with NK cells produced synergistic anti-leukaemia effects similar to those of venetoclax + azacitidine. Venetoclax could render AML cell lines and primary AML cells sensitive to NK cell killing by promoting NK cell degranulation, NK-AML cell recognition and NK cell secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B. The synergistic effect resulted from venetoclax-induced NKG2DL upregulation in AML cells and could be undermined by blocking NKG2D on NK cells. This finding suggests that venetoclax enhances NK cell killing activity by activating the NKG2D/NKG2DL ligand-receptor pathway. Furthermore, the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFKB) signalling pathway was involved in venetoclax-induced NKG2DL upregulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data confirm that venetoclax combined with NK cells induces synergistic AML cell cytolysis and preliminarily revealed that venetoclax could selectively induce NKG2DLs on AML cells via NFKB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Wan-Ying Pan
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Meng-Qi Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Dei-Zhi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yan-Jie He
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yu-Xian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China.
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14
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Liu L, Wang C, Li S, Bai H, Wang J. Tumor immune microenvironment in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer before and after epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3823-3839. [PMID: 34733631 PMCID: PMC8512456 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review and summarize the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after EGFR-TKI treatment and its role in TKI resistance. Background Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women around the world. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are considered a first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, almost all patients eventually develop acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9–14 months. As immunotherapy has developed, it has become apparent that interactions between the TIME and tumor cells also affect EGFR-TKI treatment. The TIME comprises a variety of components but previous studies of the TIME following EGFR-TKI therapy of NSCLC are inconsistent. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of the TIME in NSCLC after EGFR-TKI treatment and its role in TKI resistance. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to July 1, 2021 with the following key words: “NSCLC”, “EGFR”, and “immunotherapy”. Conclusions The TIME of EGFR-mutated NSCLC is different from that of non-mutated NSCLC, an explanation for EGFR-mutated NSCLC displaying a poor response to ICIs. The TIME of EGFR-mutated NSCLC also changes during treatment with EGFR-TKIs. The TIME in EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer can be summarized as follows: (I) compared with EGFR-TKI-sensitive tumors, EGFR-TKI-resistant tumors have a greater number of immunosuppressive cells and fewer immune-activated cells, while the tumor microenvironment is in an immunosuppressive state; (II) tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells secrete multiple negative immune regulatory factors, inhibit the recognition and presentation of tumor antigens and the antitumor effect of immune cells, resulting in immune escape; 3.EGFR-TKI-resistant tumors promote EMT. These three characteristics interact, resulting in a regulatory signaling network, which together leads to EGFR-TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sini Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:310-345. [PMID: 33338426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite such an elevated degree of molecular specificity, many clinically employed and experimental targeted anticancer agents also mediate immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects that (at least in some settings) influence therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the main immunomodulatory effects of targeted anticancer agents and explore potential avenues to harness them in support of superior clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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16
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Treatment sequence of cetuximab and immune checkpoint inhibitor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma differentially affects outcomes. Oral Oncol 2020; 111:105024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Sinha D, Smith C, Khanna R. Joining Forces: Improving Clinical Response to Cellular Immunotherapies with Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:75-90. [PMID: 33011081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic tool against both hematological and virus-associated cancers. However, extension of this success to solid cancers has been challenging owing to intratumoral mechanisms that induce a hostile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Delineating the impact of tumor-intrinsic adaptive resistance mechanisms on immune-based therapies is essential to improve long-term efficacy. We discuss the different tumor-intrinsic factors that lead to resistance to ACT. We highlight the potential of repurposing molecular targeted therapies to modulate immune responses and override intratumor resistance to ACT. Finally, we discuss the potential of combining targeted therapy and ACT as a new paradigm to improve the clinical efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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18
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Jia Y, Li X, Zhao C, Ren S, Su C, Gao G, Li W, Zhou F, Li J, Zhou C. Soluble PD-L1 as a Predictor of the Response to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With EGFR Mutations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1455. [PMID: 32983977 PMCID: PMC7477347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on tumor tissues is a vital molecule for immune suppression and its impact on the response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been reported. The significance of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) for lung cancer patients remains unknown. This study investigated whether sPD-L1 could predict the response of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to EGFR-targeted therapy. We retrospectively evaluated patients who received first-line treatment with EGFR-TKIs for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations. Pre-treatment plasma concentrations of PD-L1 and on-treatment (1 month after treatment initiation) plasma concentrations of PD-L1 were measured using the R-plex Human PD-L1 assay. The association between the sPD-L1 level and the clinical outcome was analyzed. Among 66 patients who were eligible for the study, patients with high pre-treatment or on-treatment sPD-L1 levels had decreased objective response rate (ORR) compared with that of patients with low sPD-L1 levels (39.4 vs. 66.7%, p = 0.026 for pre-treatment sPD-L1 level, and 43.5 vs. 73.9%, p = 0.025 for on-treatment sPD-L1 level). A high baseline sPD-L1 level was associated with a shortened progression-free survival (PFS) rate (9.9 vs. 16.1 months, p = 0.005). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a high baseline sPD-L1 level was an independent factor associated with the PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.56, p = 0.011). Our study revealed that the sPD-L1 level was strongly related to the outcome of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Huang TY, Chang TC, Chin YT, Pan YS, Chang WJ, Liu FC, Hastuti ED, Chiu SJ, Wang SH, Changou CA, Li ZL, Chen YR, Chu HR, Shih YJ, Cheng RH, Wu A, Lin HY, Wang K, Whang-Peng J, Mousa SA, Davis PJ. NDAT Targets PI3K-Mediated PD-L1 Upregulation to Reduce Proliferation in Gefitinib-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081830. [PMID: 32756527 PMCID: PMC7464180 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The property of drug-resistance may attenuate clinical therapy in cancer cells, such as chemoresistance to gefitinib in colon cancer cells. In previous studies, overexpression of PD-L1 causes proliferation and metastasis in cancer cells; therefore, the PD-L1 pathway allows tumor cells to exert an adaptive resistance mechanism in vivo. Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) has been shown to enhance the anti-proliferative effect induced by first-line chemotherapy in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this work, we attempted to explore whether NDAT could enhance the anti-proliferative effect of gefitinib in CRC and clarified the mechanism of their interaction. The MTT assay was utilized to detect a reduction in cell proliferation in four primary culture tumor cells treated with gefitinib or NDAT. The gene expression of PD-L1 and other tumor growth-related molecules were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, the identification of PI3K and PD-L1 in treated CRC cells were detected by western blotting analysis. PD-L1 presentation in HCT116 xenograft tumors was characterized by specialized immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain). The correlations between the change in PD-L1 expression and tumorigenic characteristics were also analyzed. (3) The PD-L1 was highly expressed in Colo_160224 rather than in the other three primary CRC cells and HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression was decreased by gefitinib (1 µM and 10 µM) in two cells (Colo_150624 and 160426), but 10 µM gefitinib stimulated PD-L1 expression in gefitinib-resistant primary CRC Colo_160224 cells. Inactivated PI3K reduced PD-L1 expression and proliferation in CRC Colo_160224 cells. Gefitinib didn’t inhibit PD-L1 expression and PI3K activation in gefitinib-resistant Colo_160224 cells. However, NDAT inhibited PI3K activation as well as PD-L1 accumulation in gefitinib-resistant Colo_160224 cells. The combined treatment of NDAT and gefitinib inhibited pPI3K and PD-L1 expression and cell proliferation. Additionally, NDAT reduced PD-L1 accumulation and tumor growth in the HCT116 (K-RAS mutant) xenograft experiment. (4) Gefitinib might suppress PD-L1 expression but did not inhibit proliferation through PI3K in gefitinib-resistant primary CRC cells. However, NDAT not only down-regulated PD-L1 expression via blocking PI3K activation but also inhibited cell proliferation in gefitinib-resistant CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Cheng Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Wong-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ema Dwi Hastuti
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (E.D.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (E.D.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Core Facility Center, Department of Research Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun A. Changou
- Core Facility Center, Department of Research Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Ru Chu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - R. Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Alexander Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (H.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2-697-2035 (A.W.); +886-2-7361661 (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (H.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2-697-2035 (A.W.); +886-2-7361661 (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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20
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Xiao F, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Wang T, Wang X. Tobacco extracts promote PD-L1 expression and enhance malignant biological differences via mTOR in gefitinib-resistant cell lines. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2237-2251. [PMID: 32558328 PMCID: PMC7396363 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether tobacco extracts could regulate PD-L1 expression and enhance malignant biological differences in gefitinib-resistant cell lines. METHODS We constructed gefitinib-resistant cells and observed the biological differences in gefitinib-resistant cells. The cells were stimulated with medium containing 5% volume of tobacco extract, and the change in PD-L1 expression and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR expression in gefitinib-resistant cells treated with tobacco extracts was observed. We discussed the relationship between PD-L1 and mTOR. RESULTS Tobacco extracts could promote PD-L1 expression in the cell line. Western blot analysis showed that mTOR and p-mTOR were significantly enhanced in gefitinib-resistant cell lines cultured in the tobacco extracts. The mTOR signaling pathway was involved in PD-L1 expression and in regulating the expression of cytokines IL-6 and IL-23. In addition, the tobacco extracts could promote macrophage migration via mTOR/IL-6. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 can transmit inhibitory signals and reduce the proliferation of CD8 + T cells in lymph nodes. Tobacco extracts upregulate PD-L1 expression via mTOR/IL-6. These results imply that lung cancer patients should not smoke and stay away from a smoke environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Xiao
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Luojia Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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21
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MHC Class I Downregulation in Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071760. [PMID: 32630675 PMCID: PMC7409324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, major advances have been made in cancer immunotherapy. This has led to significant improvement in prognosis of cancer patients, especially in the hematological setting. Nonetheless, translation of these successes to solid tumors was found difficult. One major mechanism through which solid tumors can avoid anti-tumor immunity is the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), which causes reduced recognition by- and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells. Downregulation of MHC-I has been described in 40-90% of human tumors, often correlating with worse prognosis. Epigenetic and (post-)transcriptional dysregulations relevant in the stabilization of NFkB, IRFs, and NLRC5 are often responsible for MHC-I downregulation in cancer. The intrinsic reversible nature of these dysregulations provides an opportunity to restore MHC-I expression and facilitate adaptive anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying reversible MHC-I downregulation and describe potential strategies to counteract this reduction in MHC-I antigen presentation in cancer.
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22
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Nigro A, Ricciardi L, Salvato I, Sabbatino F, Vitale M, Crescenzi MA, Montico B, Triggiani M, Pepe S, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Enhanced Expression of CD47 Is Associated With Off-Target Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib in NSCLC. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3135. [PMID: 32082304 PMCID: PMC7004973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutual interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment importantly contribute to the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in patients affected by EGFR-mutant NSCLC. In particular, immune recognition-associated proteins with impact on tumor cell clearance through phagocytosis, such as CD47 and calreticulin, could contribute to adaptive resistance and immune escape. Preclinical studies targeting the anti-phagocytic CD47 molecule showed promising results in different cancer types including lung cancer, but no data are available on its role in patients acquiring resistance to EGFR TKI treatment. We analyzed the functional contribution of CD47 and calreticulin to immune surveillance and evasion in a panel of NSCLC cell lines carrying sensitizing or resistant mutations in the EGFR gene, following treatment with the TKI gefitinib and after in vitro development of gefitinib resistance. While CD47 and calreticulin protein levels were markedly variable in both EGFR-mutant and wild-type cell lines, analysis of NSCLC transcriptomic dataset revealed selective overexpression of CD47 in patients carrying EGFR mutations. EGFR inhibition significantly reduced CD47 expression on the surface of pre-apoptotic cells, favoring more efficient engulfment of cancer cells by monocyte-derived dendritic cells. This was not necessarily associated with augmented surface exposure of calreticulin or other molecular markers of immunogenic cell death. Moreover, CD47 expression became up-regulated following in vitro drug resistance development, and blocking of this protein by a specific monoclonal antibody increased the clearance of EGFR-TKI resistant cells by phagocytes. Our study supports CD47 neutralization by specific monoclonal antibody as a promising immunotherapeutic option for naïve and resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Monica Vitale
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Crescenzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Translational Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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Hong G, Chen X, Sun X, Zhou M, Liu B, Li Z, Yu Z, Gao W, Liu T. Effect of autologous NK cell immunotherapy on advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:235-245. [PMID: 35693880 PMCID: PMC8985770 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer with and without EGFR mutations in order to evaluate the response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Among the 48 patients recruited, 24 were clinically confirmed to be EGFR mutation positive. The study group was treated with autologous NK cell immunotherapy. Comparisons of the lymphocyte number, serum tumour-related biomarkers, circulating tumour cells (CTC), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and survival curves were carried out before and after NK cell immunotherapy. The safety and short-term effects were evaluated, followed by median PFS and RR assessments. The serum CEA and CA125 values were found lower in the NK cell therapy group than that of the non-NK treatment group (p < 0.05). The χ2 test showed a 75% RR of the study group A, significantly higher than that of the control group B (16.7%; p < 0.01). The RR of groups C (58.3%) and D (41.7%) were not statistically significant. The p values of the 4 groups were 0.012, 0.012, 0.166 and 1 from group A to group D, respectively. The median PFS was 9 months in EGFR mutation positive group undergoing NK cell infusion interference. By evaluating the changes in immune function, tumour biomarkers, CTC, KPS and PFS, we demonstrated that NK cell therapy had better clinical therapeutic effects on EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodai Hong
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
- Public Service Platform for Cell Quality Testing and Evaluation of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
- Public Service Platform for Cell Quality Testing and Evaluation of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
- Public Service Platform for Cell Quality Testing and Evaluation of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
- Public Service Platform for Cell Quality Testing and Evaluation of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518001, China
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24
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Holubova M, Leba M, Gmucova H, Caputo VS, Jindra P, Lysak D. Improving the Clinical Application of Natural Killer Cells by Modulating Signals Signal from Target Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143472. [PMID: 31311121 PMCID: PMC6679089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a significant post-transplant complication lacking standard treatment and associated with a poor prognosis. Cellular therapy, which is already widely used as a treatment for several hematological malignancies, could be a potential treatment alternative. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in relapse control but can be inhibited by the leukemia cells highly positive for HLA class I. In order to restore NK cell activity after their ex vivo activation, NK cells can be combined with conditioning target cells. In this study, we tested NK cell activity against KG1a (AML cell line) with and without two types of pretreatment—Ara-C treatment that induced NKG2D ligands (increased activating signal) and/or blocking of HLA–KIR (killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors) interaction (decreased inhibitory signal). Both treatments improved NK cell killing activity. Compared with target cell killing of NK cells alone (38%), co-culture with Ara-C treated KG1a target cells increased the killing to 80%. Anti-HLA blocking antibody treatment increased the proportion of dead KG1a cells to 53%. Interestingly, the use of the combination treatment improved the killing potential to led to the death of 85% of KG1a cells. The combination of Ara-C and ex vivo activation of NK cells has the potential to be a feasible approach to treat relapsed AML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Leba
- Faculty of Applied Science, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Gmucova
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen 304 60, Czech Republic
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25
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Mukherjee T, Balaji KN. Immunological implications of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in persistent infections. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1661-1671. [PMID: 31283086 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases account for a large proportion of global health emergencies and are rising more so owing to the paucity of effective vaccination and chemotherapeutic strategies. The severity is compounded by the development of antibiotic resistance among major pathogenic strains, capable of residing in the hostile host microenvironment by hijacking its signaling mechanisms and molecular circuitry. Among such processes, studies on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have revealed specific contributions of this classical oncogenic signaling axis during distinct infection conditions. Here, we review the current status of EGFR family members in the context of host-pathogen interactions and speculate the possible dimensions of exploration and manipulation of the EGFR pathway for host-directed therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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26
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Frazao A, Rethacker L, Messaoudene M, Avril MF, Toubert A, Dulphy N, Caignard A. NKG2D/NKG2-Ligand Pathway Offers New Opportunities in Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 30984204 PMCID: PMC6449444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor functions of NK cells are regulated by the integration of positive and negative signals triggered by numerous membrane receptors present on the NK cells themselves. Among the main activating receptors, NKG2D binds several stress-induced molecules on tumor targets. Engagement of NKG2D by its ligands (NKG2D-Ls) induces NK cell activation leading to production of cytokines and target cell lysis. These effects have therapeutic potential as NKG2D-Ls are widely expressed by solid tumors, whereas their expression in healthy cells is limited. Here, we describe the genetic and environmental factors regulating the NKG2D/NKG2D-L pathway in tumors. NKG2D-L expression is linked to cellular stress and cell proliferation, and has been associated with oncogenic mutations. Tumors have been found to alter their to NKG2D-L expression as they progress, which interferes with the antitumor function of the pathway. Nevertheless, this pathway could be advantageously exploited for cancer therapy. Various cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and targeted therapies, indirectly interfere with the cellular and soluble forms of NKG2D-Ls. In addition, NKG2D introduced into chimeric antigen receptors in T- and NK cells is a promising tumor immunotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Frazao
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Louise Rethacker
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Messaoudene
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,U1015 INSERM-CIC, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Cochin, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dulphy
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Paris, France
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERMU1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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27
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Immune checkpoint blockade and its combination therapy with small-molecule inhibitors for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:199-224. [PMID: 30605718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Initially understood for its physiological maintenance of self-tolerance, the immune checkpoint molecule has recently been recognized as a promising anti-cancer target. There has been considerable interest in the biology and the action mechanism of the immune checkpoint therapy, and their incorporation with other therapeutic regimens. Recently the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) has been identified as an attractive combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and is becoming a novel direction for the field of combination drug design. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the biology and function of major immune checkpoint molecules, and their interactions with corresponding targeting agents. With both preclinical studies and clinical trials, we especially highlight the ICI + SMI combination, with its recent advances as well as its application challenges.
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28
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Lizotte PH, Hong RL, Luster TA, Cavanaugh ME, Taus LJ, Wang S, Dhaneshwar A, Mayman N, Yang A, Kulkarni M, Badalucco L, Fitzpatrick E, Kao HF, Kuraguchi M, Bittinger M, Kirschmeier PT, Gray NS, Barbie DA, Jänne PA. A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies EGFR Inhibitors as Potent Enhancers of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Tumor Cell Killing. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1511-1523. [PMID: 30242021 PMCID: PMC6601346 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a screening assay in which luciferized ID8 expressing OVA was cocultured with transgenic CD8+ T cells specifically recognizing the model antigen in an H-2b-restricted manner. The assay was screened with a small-molecule library to identify compounds that inhibit or enhance T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, was the top compound that enhanced T-cell killing of tumor cells. Subsequent experiments with erlotinib and additional EGFR inhibitors validated the screen results. EGFR inhibitors increased both basal and IFNγ-induced MHC class-I presentation, which enhanced recognition and lysis of tumor cell targets by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The ID8 cell line was also transduced to constitutively express Cas9, and a pooled CRISPR screen, utilizing the same target tumor cell/T-cell assay, identified single-guide (sg)RNAs targeting EGFR that sensitized tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing. Combination of PD-1 blockade with EGFR inhibition showed significant synergistic efficacy in a syngeneic model, further validating EGFR inhibitors as immunomodulatory agents that enhance checkpoint blockade. This assay can be screened in high-throughput with small-molecule libraries and genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 libraries to identify both compounds and target genes, respectively, that enhance or inhibit T-cell recognition and killing of tumor cells. Retrospective analyses of squamous-cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN) patients treated with the combination of afatinib and pembrolizumab demonstrated a rate of clinical activity exceeding that of each single agent. Prospective clinical trials evaluating the combination of an EGFR inhibitor and PD-1 blockade should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Lizotte
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruey-Long Hong
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Troy A Luster
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan E Cavanaugh
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke J Taus
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Wang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abha Dhaneshwar
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naomi Mayman
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Yang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meghana Kulkarni
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Badalucco
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica Fitzpatrick
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hsiang-Fong Kao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mari Kuraguchi
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Bittinger
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Wu L, Zhang F, Wei Z, Li X, Zhao H, Lv H, Ge R, Ma H, Zhang H, Yang B, Li J, Jiang J. Magnetic delivery of Fe 3O 4@polydopamine nanoparticle-loaded natural killer cells suggest a promising anticancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2714-2725. [PMID: 30151523 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK)-cell-based immunotherapy has been reported to have promising prospects in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, one of the most common malignancies in the world. It has been proven that higher the NK cell infiltration into the tumor, the better is the curative effect. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a method that increases NK cell recruitment and infiltration into the tumor site. The purpose of this study was to establish an immune-cell delivery system for clear lung cancer cells based on magnetic nanoparticle (NP)-labeled NK cells that can be accumulated at the tumor site by placing a tiny external magnetic device inside animals. We developed superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs consisting of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a shell of polydopamine (PDA) for magnetic targeting therapy. Fe3O4@PDA NPs possess favorable physiological stability and biocompatibility that facilitate their active uptake by NK cells. The biology of NK cells was not affected by the presence of NPs. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Fe3O4@PDA NP-labeled NK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the expression of Ki-67 and increased the apoptosis of A549 cancer cells. H&E staining showed Fe3O4@PDA NP-labeled NK cells, under a magnetic field, had higher intra-tumoral iron density and increased accumulation of CD56+ NK cells. Our results suggest that Fe3O4@PDA NPs are a promising magnetic nanomaterial that can manipulate immune cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street No.126, Changchun, China.
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30
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Liang H, Liu X, Wang M. Immunotherapy combined with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6189-6196. [PMID: 30288054 PMCID: PMC6163004 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have played important roles in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Drugs that target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (eg, gefitinib, erlotinib, icotinib, and osimertinib) are among the most commonly used targeted therapies. Afatinib is an irreversible second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and the LUX-Lung 3 trial demonstrated the superiority of afatinib to cisplatin and pemetrexed in the frontline treatment of treatment-naïve patients with advanced EGFR mutation adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although these drugs show significant therapeutic efficacy, most patients invariably experience disease progression resulting in death. Immunotherapy targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has now been approved for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. These can produce sustained clinical responses by reversing negative regulators of T-cell function; however, immunotherapy response rates remain low, and only a few patients ultimately benefit from this approach. Here, we discuss the potential of EGFR-TKIs for inducing antitumor immunity and the feasibility of their combination with immunotherapy (including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) in NSCLC patients and the associated challenges for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China,
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31
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Bugide S, Janostiak R, Wajapeyee N. Epigenetic Mechanisms Dictating Eradication of Cancer by Natural Killer Cells. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:553-566. [PMID: 30064663 PMCID: PMC6085095 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system are the first line of defense against infectious agents and cancer cells. However, only a few mechanisms that regulate eradication of tumors by NK cells have been identified. In this review, we present an account of epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the ability of NK cells to eradicate cancer cells. To date, several drugs that target epigenetic modifiers have shown clinical efficacy in cancer. Therefore, once a given epigenetic modifier is validated as a regulator of NK cell function, it can be targeted for NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bugide
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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32
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Oncogenic pathways as the basis of primary immune ignorance. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:421-428. [PMID: 33525798 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (ICTs) to bring about durable clinical responses in a subset of patients with different cancer histologies is transforming cancer care. However, many patients do not benefit from single-agent ICT, including patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, which are often considered to be immunogenic tumor types. In addition, several other common solid tumors, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancers, have reported very low response rates. A growing body of evidence suggests that the majority of tumors may be categorized as being primary immune-ignorant tumors, hence precluding response to single-agent ICTs. The molecular mechanisms that govern the immune-ignorant phenotype are under intense investigation. This review focuses on how oncogenic pathways can promote the development of a primary immune-ignorant tumor.
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Soo RA, Lim SM, Syn NL, Teng R, Soong R, Mok TSK, Cho BC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer: Current controversies and future directions. Lung Cancer 2017; 115:12-20. [PMID: 29290252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major advances with the development of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check-point inhibitors have ushered in a new era in lung cancer therapy. Whilst pre-clinical studies suggest EGFR-driven NSCLC inhibit antitumor immunity through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, epidemiology studies suggest EGFR mutant NSCLC are more likely to have decreased PD-L1 expression. The superiority of single agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors over docetaxel in pre-treated EGFR mutant NSCLC appears to be moderated. Several mechanisms for a poor response to immune checkpoint have been proposed including a lower tumor mutation burden, and an uninflamed and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Predictive biomarkers to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors sensitivity in patients with EGFR mutations are required. The role of EGFR TKI in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor is currently being investigated intensively in multiple clinical trials and outcomes from these trials are immature and the optimal sequence, schedule and dosing remains to be determined. A careful evaluation will be required in view of the increased toxicities reported in some of the early studies of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Teng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Richie Soong
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cifaldi L, Locatelli F, Marasco E, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Boosting Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy with Anticancer Drugs: a Perspective. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1156-1175. [PMID: 29133133 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells efficiently recognize and kill tumor cells through several mechanisms including the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors on target cells. Different clinical trials indicate that NK cell-based immunotherapy represents a promising antitumor treatment. However, tumors develop immune-evasion strategies, including downregulation of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors, that can negatively affect antitumor activity of NK cells, which either reside endogenously, or are adoptively transferred. Thus, restoration of the expression of NK cell-activating ligands on tumor cells represents a strategic therapeutic goal. As discussed here, various anticancer drugs can fulfill this task via different mechanisms. We envision that the combination of selected chemotherapeutic agents with NK cell adoptive transfer may represent a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Marasco
- Department of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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35
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Cascone R, Carlucci A, Pierdiluca M, Santini M, Fiorelli A. Prognostic value of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A in non-small-cell lung cancer - significance and development. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 8:161-167. [PMID: 29066938 PMCID: PMC5644548 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soluble major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (sMICA) is a useful marker in surveillance of lung cancer. High serum sMICA level in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seems to be a poor prognostic factor being correlated with poor differentiation and advanced stage. However, the low specificity limits its role as a single prognostic marker of NSCLC, but its evaluation, in addition to standard serum markers, could improve the staging of NSCLC. Despite promising, all current studies are insufficient to assess the real efficiency of sMICA as a prognostic marker of NSCLC, and hence, future studies are required to validate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cascone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierdiluca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells or stressed cells through 'missing-self' signals, such as altered or absent expression of MHC class I molecules. The function of NK cells is regulated by the activation or inhibition of receptors present on their surface. The activation of NK cells results in cytotoxic activity on target cells through release of toxic granules and inflammatory cytokines. However, NK cells infiltrating tumors have been frequently shown to exhibit a skewed phenotype that includes decreased antitumor activity and enhanced protumor activities, such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In fact, many studies have reported that tumor microenvironments induce a protumor phenotype in NK cells. Here, we review the biological properties of NK cells in the context of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, with a specific focus on the interactions between NK cells and critical tumor microenvironments, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix metalloproteinases, and tumor-associated chronic inflammation in tumor metastasis.
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37
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Terry S, Savagner P, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Mahjoubi L, Saintigny P, Thiery JP, Chouaib S. New insights into the role of EMT in tumor immune escape. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:824-846. [PMID: 28614624 PMCID: PMC5496499 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel immunotherapy approaches have provided durable remission in a significant number of cancer patients with cancers previously considered rapidly lethal. Nonetheless, the high degree of nonresponders, and in some cases the emergence of resistance in patients who do initially respond, represents a significant challenge in the field of cancer immunotherapy. These issues prompt much more extensive studies to better understand how cancer cells escape immune surveillance and resist immune attacks. Here, we review the current knowledge of how cellular heterogeneity and plasticity could be involved in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in controlling antitumor immunity. Indeed, recent findings have led to increased interest in the mechanisms by which cancer cells undergoing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), or oscillating within the EMT spectrum, might contribute to immune escape through multiple routes. This includes shaping of the TME and decreased susceptibility to immune effector cells. Although much remains to be learned on the mechanisms at play, cancer cell clones with mesenchymal features emerging from the TME seem to be primed to face immune attacks by specialized killer cells of the immune system, the natural killer cells, and the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Recent studies investigating patient tumors have suggested EMT as a candidate predictive marker to be explored for immunotherapy outcome. Promising data also exist on the potential utility of targeting these cancer cell populations to at least partly overcome such resistance. Research is now underway which may lead to considerable progress in optimization of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Terry
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Savagner
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, France.,U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, France.,Institut du Cancer Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, ISPB, Université Lyon 1, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Linda Mahjoubi
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, ISPB, Université Lyon 1, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR 7057, Matter and Complex Systems, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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38
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Mortara L, Benest AV, Bates DO, Noonan DM. Can the co-dependence of the immune system and angiogenesis facilitate pharmacological targeting of tumours? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28623714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumours elicit a number of mechanisms to induce a reprogramming of innate and adaptive immune cells to their advantage, inducing a pro-angiogenic phenotype. Investigation of these events is now leading to the identification of specific myeloid and lymphoid cell-targeted therapies, as well as of unexplored off-target activities of clinically relevant chemotherapeutic and metabolic drugs. It is also leading to an enhanced understanding of the interplay between angiogenesis and the immune system, and the value of novel co-targeting approaches using both immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. Here, we review recently identified mechanisms and potential pharmacological approaches targeting the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system, providing an overview on novel therapeutic opportunities linking immuno-oncology and anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
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Sheng J, Fang W, Liu X, Xing S, Zhan J, Ma Y, Huang Y, Zhou N, Zhao H, Zhang L. Impact of gefitinib in early stage treatment on circulating cytokines and lymphocytes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1101-1110. [PMID: 28260924 PMCID: PMC5328306 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the human immune system remains undefined. This study illustrates the immunomodulatory effect of gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relevant prognostic significance. Patients and methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 54 patients at baseline and after 4 weeks of gefitinib treatment. Circulating lymphocyte populations and cytokine levels were measured. Pilot investigation of the impact of gefitinib on programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression was conducted by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results and conclusion A significant increase of peripheral natural killer cells and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) after 4 weeks of gefitinib treatment (P=0.005 and 0.02, respectively). In addition, circulating interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly decreased, especially in patients sensitive to gefitinib (P<0.001). Higher levels of IL-6 at baseline independently correlated with poorer progression-free survival. Experiments with NSCLC specimens illustrated that PD-L1 expression were downregulated after 4 weeks of gefitinib treatment. In summary, it was found that gefitinib treatment can alter circulating cytokines and lymphocytes. Dynamic changes of circulating lymphocytes, cytokines, and even PD-L1 IHC expression around gefitinib treatment support the specific immunomodulatory effect of this agent for advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Shan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Ningning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology
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40
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Zhen Z, Yang K, Ye L, You Z, Chen R, Liu Y, He Y. HLA-E inhibitor enhances the killing of neuroblastoma stem cells by co-cultured dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells loaded with membrane-based microparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:334-345. [PMID: 28337381 PMCID: PMC5336506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma stem cells (NSCs) can cause drug resistance and tumor recurrence. This study aimed to enhance the lytic effect of dendritic cells (DCs) co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. NSCs were obtained by suspension culture, and DC-CIK cells were loaded with extracted NSC membrane-based microparticles (MMPs) before evaluating the lytic effect of DC-CIK cells on NSCs. After inhibiting the function or expression of human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) in NSCs by anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody or siRNA, the DC-CIK cell lytic effect on NSCs was re-assessed. NSC nestin expression was high, but glial fibrillary acid protein expression and class IIIβ-tubulin-1 expression were low. Moreover, NSCs exhibited strong tumorigenic ability in nude mice. Loading DCs with NSC-derived MMPs induced the differentiation of DCs and CIK cells and enhanced the killing of NSCs by DC-CIK cells. Inhibiting the function or expression of HLA-E in NSCs further enhanced the cytolytic capability of DC-CIK cells loaded with NSC-derived MMPs. HLA-E inhibitor can enhance the killing of NSC by DC-CIK cells loaded with NSC-derived MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Kaibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Litong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao You
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Rirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Youjian He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
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41
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Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological Mechanisms Underneath the Efficacy of Cancer Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:895-902. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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He S, Li X, Li R, Fang L, Sun L, Wang Y, Wu M. Annexin A2 Modulates ROS and Impacts Inflammatory Response via IL-17 Signaling in Polymicrobial Sepsis Mice. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005743. [PMID: 27389701 PMCID: PMC4936746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a progressive disease manifesting excessive inflammatory responses, severe tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and, ultimately, mortality. Since currently, there are limited therapeutic options for this disease, further understanding the molecular pathogenesis of sepsis may help develop effective treatments. Here we identify a novel role for Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a multi-compartmental protein, in inhibiting pro-inflammatory response by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-17 signaling during sepsis. In cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis models, anxa2-/- mice manifested increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration, but decreased bacterial clearance and animal survival. In addition, AnxA2 deficiency led to intensified ROS and IL-17A. Using site directed mutagenesis, we uncovered that cysteine 9 of AnxA2 was the most important aa (site) for regulation of ROS levels. Furthermore, ROS appears to be responsible for elevated IL-17A levels and subsequently exaggerated inflammatory response. Depletion of IL-17 via CRISPR/Cas9 KO strategy down-regulated inflammation and conferred protection against sepsis in anxa2-/- mice. Our findings reveal a previously undemonstrated function for AnxA2 in inflammatory response in polymicrobial sepsis models via an AnxA2-ROS-IL-17 axis, providing insight into the regulation of pathophysiology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Lizhu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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43
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Xu MM, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Fu YX. The Role of Adaptive Immunity in the Efficacy of Targeted Cancer Therapies. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:141-153. [PMID: 26778079 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the efficacy of tumor-targeted therapies relies on the host immune response, including targeted small-molecule and antibody approaches that were not previously thought to have an immune component. Here, we review the current understanding of how targeted therapies on tumor cells could have a major impact on the immune response, and how this relates to the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. In this context, we evaluate different strategies that combine targeted therapies with immunotherapy approaches, and discuss past and ongoing clinical trials. We highlight gaps in knowledge, and argue that significant progress for combined therapies will require a better understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, the tumor, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in different cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Michelle Xu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Pu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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44
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Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:690-714. [PMID: 26678337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1102] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in the clinical practice, accumulating evidence indicates that the efficacy of conventional and targeted anticancer agents does not only involve direct cytostatic/cytotoxic effects, but also relies on the (re)activation of tumor-targeting immune responses. Chemotherapy can promote such responses by increasing the immunogenicity of malignant cells, or by inhibiting immunosuppressive circuitries that are established by developing neoplasms. These immunological "side" effects of chemotherapy are desirable, and their in-depth comprehension will facilitate the design of novel combinatorial regimens with improved clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, 94805 Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Natural killer cell receptors: alterations and therapeutic targeting in malignancies. Immunol Res 2015; 64:25-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sun C, Sun H, Zhang C, Tian Z. NK cell receptor imbalance and NK cell dysfunction in HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:292-302. [PMID: 25308752 PMCID: PMC4654321 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer mortality and a common poor-prognosis malignancy due to postoperative recurrence and metastasis. There is a significant correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocarcinogenesis. As the first line of host defense against viral infections and tumors, natural killer (NK) cells express a large number of immune recognition receptors (NK receptors (NKRs)) to recognize ligands on hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells and Kupffer cells, which maintain the balance between immune response and immune tolerance of NK cells. Unfortunately, the percentage and absolute number of liver NK cells decrease significantly during the development and progression of HCC. The abnormal expression of NK cell receptors and dysfunction of liver NK cells contribute to the progression of chronic HBV infection and HCC and are significantly associated with poor prognosis for liver cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of NK cell receptors in anti-tumor immune responses in HCC, particularly HBV-related HCC. We discuss specifically how tumor cells evade attack from NK cells and how emerging understanding of NKRs may aid the development of novel treatments for HCC. Novel mono- and combination therapeutic strategies that target the NK cell receptor-ligand system may potentially lead to successful and effective immunotherapy in HCC.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 6 October 2014; doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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47
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Su Z, Yin J, Zhao L, Li R, Liang H, Zhang J, Wang K. Lentiviral vector-mediated RBM5 overexpression downregulates EGFR expression in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:367. [PMID: 25441176 PMCID: PMC4289049 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) is a tumor suppressor gene that modulates apoptosis through the regulation of alternative splicing of apoptosis-related genes. Our previous studies suggested that RBM5 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. This study was aimed at determining whether RBM5 is able to regulate EGFR expression. Methods Both in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to determine the effect of RBM5 on the expression of EGFR. Lentiviral vector-mediated RBM5 overexpression was employed in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. A549 xenograft mice were treated with recombinant RBM5 plasmid carried by attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were carried out to detect RBM5 and EGFR expression. Results Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein was decreased significantly in the RBM5 overexpression group compared to control groups as shown by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. We identified that RBM5 overexpression inhibited EGFR expression both in A549 cells and in A549 xenograft mice model. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that EGFR expression is regulated by RBM5 in lung adenocarcinomas cells either in a direct or indirect way, which might be meaningful with regards to target therapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, No,218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
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48
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Ofuji K, Tada Y, Yoshikawa T, Shimomura M, Yoshimura M, Saito K, Nakamoto Y, Nakatsura T. A peptide antigen derived from EGFR T790M is immunogenic in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:497-504. [PMID: 25532027 PMCID: PMC4277252 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have demonstrated marked clinical activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, in most cases, patients develop acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy. The threonine to methionine change at codon 790 of EGFR (EGFR T790M) mutation is the most common acquired resistance mutation, and is present in ~50% cases of TKI resistance. New treatment strategies for NSCLC patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation are required. We evaluated the immunogenicity of an antigen derived from EGFR with the T790M mutation. Using BIMAS we selected several EGFR T790M-derived peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01. T790M-A peptide (789–797) (IMQLMPFGC)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A2+ healthy donors. An established T790M-A-specific CTL line showed reactivity against the NCSLC cell line, H1975-A2 (HLA-A2+, T790M+), but not H1975 (HLA-A2−, T790M+), and the corresponding wild-type peptide (ITQLMPFGC)-pulsed T2 cells using an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immuno spot (ELISPOT) assay. This CTL line also demonstrated peptide-specific cytotoxicity against H1975-A2 cells. This finding suggests that the EGFR T790M mutation-derived antigen could be a new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ofuji
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manami Shimomura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yoshimura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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49
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Bruno A, Ferlazzo G, Albini A, Noonan DM. A think tank of TINK/TANKs: tumor-infiltrating/tumor-associated natural killer cells in tumor progression and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju200. [PMID: 25178695 PMCID: PMC4344546 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes are often induced by the cancer microenvironment to display a protumor, proangiogenic phenotype. This “polarization” has been described for several myeloid cells, in particular macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells represent another population of innate immune cells able to infiltrate tumors. The role of NK in tumor progression and angiogenesis has not yet been fully investigated. Several studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating NK (here referred to as “TINKs”) and tumor-associated NK (altered peripheral NK cells, which here we call “TANKs”) are compromised in their ability to lysew tumor cells. Recent data have suggested that they are potentially protumorigenic and can also acquire a proangiogenic phenotype. Here we review the properties of TINKs and TANKs and compare their activities to that of NK cells endowed with a physiological proangiogenic phenotype, in particular decidual NK cells. We speculate on the potential origins of TINKs and TANKs and on the immune signals involved in their differentiation and polarization. The TINK and TANK phenotype has broad implications in the immune response to tumors, ranging from a deficient control of cancer and cancer stem cells to an altered crosstalk with other relevant players of the immune response, such as dendritic cells, to induction of cancer angiogenesis. With this recently acquired knowledge that has not yet been put into perspective, we point out new potential avenues for therapeutic intervention involving NK cells as a target or an ally in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
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50
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Vantourout P, Willcox C, Turner A, Swanson C, Haque Y, Sobolev O, Grigoriadis A, Tutt A, Hayday A. Immunological visibility: posttranscriptional regulation of human NKG2D ligands by the EGF receptor pathway. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:231ra49. [PMID: 24718859 PMCID: PMC3998197 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells can limit tumor growth and are being increasingly harnessed for tumor immunotherapy. One way cytolytic lymphocytes recognize tumor cells is by engagement of their activating receptor, NKG2D, by stress antigens of the MICA/B and ULBP families. This study shows that surface up-regulation of NKG2D ligands by human epithelial cells in response to ultraviolet irradiation, osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and growth factor provision is attributable to activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR activation causes intracellular relocalization of AUF1 proteins that ordinarily destabilize NKG2D ligand mRNAs by targeting an AU-rich element conserved within the 3' ends of most human, but not murine, NKG2D ligand genes. Consistent with these findings, NKG2D ligand expression by primary human carcinomas positively correlated with EGFR expression, which is commonly hyperactivated in such tumors, and was reduced by clinical EGFR inhibitors. Therefore, stress-induced activation of EGFR not only regulates cell growth but also concomitantly regulates the cells' immunological visibility. Thus, therapeutics designed to limit cancer cell growth should also be considered in terms of their impact on immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Carrie Willcox
- Birmingham Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Turner
- Children’s Services, Colchester General Hospital, Colchester, UK
| | - Chad Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Haque
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Olga Sobolev
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Research Oncology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Research Oncology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation Biology, London, UK
- Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre of Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, London, UK
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