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Gautam AK, Kumar P, Kumar V, Singh A, Mahata T, Maity B, Yadav S, Kumar D, Singh S, Saha S, Vijayakumar MR. Preclinical evaluation of dalbergin loaded PLGA-galactose-modified nanoparticles against hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112813. [PMID: 39088916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has shown the effectiveness of dalbergin (DL), dalbergin nanoformulation (DLF), and dalbergin-loaded PLGA-galactose-modified nanoparticles (DLMF) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The present investigation constructs upon our previous research and delves into the molecular mechanisms contributing to the anticancer effects of DLF and DLMF. This study examined the anti-cancer effects of DL, DLF, and DLMF by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC model in albino Wistar rats. In addition, we performed biochemical, antioxidant, lipid profile tests, and histological studies of liver tissue. The anticancer efficacy of DLMF is equivalent to that of 5-fluorouracil, a commercially available therapy for HCC. Immunoblotting studies revealed a reduction in the expression of many apoptotic markers, such as p53, BAX, and Cyt-C, in HCC. Conversely, the expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, NFκB, p-AKT, and STAT-3 was elevated. Nevertheless, the administration of DL, DLF, and DLMF effectively controlled the levels of these apoptotic markers, resulting in a considerable decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, NFκB, p-AKT, and STAT-3. Specifically, the activation of TNF-alpha and STAT-3 triggers the signalling pathways that include the Bcl-2 family of proteins, Cyt-C, caspase 3, and 9. This ultimately leads to apoptosis and the suppression of cell growth. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis using 1H NMR indicated that the metabolites of animals reverted to normal levels after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Yadav
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Vijayakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pan Y, Li Y, Fan H, Cui H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Jiang M, Wang G. Roles of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117089. [PMID: 38972148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) holds a prominent position among global cancer types. Classically, HCC manifests in individuals with a genetic predisposition when they encounter risk elements, particularly in the context of liver cirrhosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are transcription factors activated by fatty acids, belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and play a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. At present, three distinct subtypes of PPARs have been recognized: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. They regulate the transcription of genes responsible for cellular development, energy metabolism, inflammation, and differentiation. In recent years, with the rising incidence of HCC, there has been an increasing focus on the mechanisms and roles of PPARs in HCC. PPARα primarily mediates the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. PPARβ/δ is closely related to the self-renewal ability of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. PPARγ not only influences tumor growth by regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism of HCC, but its agonists also have significant clinical significance for the treatment of HCC. Therefore, this review offers an exhaustive examination of the role of the three PPAR subtypes in HCC progression, focusing on their mediation of critical cellular processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and other pivotal signaling pathways. At the end of the review, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of existing PPAR-targeted therapeutic strategies and suggest a few alternative combinatorial therapeutic approaches that diverge from conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Baojian Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhiyue Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Mengyu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Ali GF, Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR. Molecular mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced intestinal injury and protective strategies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x. [PMID: 38822868 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid reductase inhibitor that manages various malignancies as well as immune-mediated inflammatory chronic diseases. Despite being frequently prescribed, MTX's severe multiple toxicities can occasionally limit its therapeutic potential. Intestinal toxicity is a severe adverse effect associated with the administration of MTX, and patients are significantly burdened by MTX-provoked intestinal mucositis. However, the mechanism of such intestinal toxicity is not entirely understood, mechanistic studies demonstrated oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions as key factors that lead to the development of MTX-induced intestinal injury. Besides, MTX causes intestinal cells to express pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This is followed by the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, because of its dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) has been considered a critical signaling pathway that counteracts oxidative stress in MTX-induced intestinal injury. Several agents have potential protective effects in counteracting MTX-provoked intestinal injury such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, taurine, umbelliferone, vinpocetine, perindopril, rutin, hesperidin, lycopene, quercetin, apocynin, lactobacillus, berberine, zinc, and nifuroxazide. This review aims to summarize the potential redox molecular mechanisms of MTX-induced intestinal injury and how they can be alleviated. In conclusion, studying these molecular pathways might open the way for early alleviation of the intestinal damage and the development of various agent plans to attenuate MTX-mediated intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber F Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Aggarwal M, Kuo M, Zhu Z, Gould S, Zhang K, Johnson P, Beheshtian S, Kuhlman L, Zhao Z, Fang H, Kallakury B, Creswell K, Mueller S, Kroemer A, He AR, Chung FL. Detection of γ-OHPdG in Circulating Tumor Cells of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker of Recurrence. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:809-820. [PMID: 39280920 PMCID: PMC11401592 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Blood-based biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its recurrence are lacking. We previously showed that hepatic γ-hydroxy-1,N 2 -propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), an endogenous DNA adduct derived from acrolein by lipid peroxidation, increased during hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, higher hepatic γ-OHPdG from HCC patients after surgery were strongly associated with poor survival (P < .0001) and recurrence-free survival (P = .007) (Fu et al, Hepatology, 2018). These findings suggest that γ-OHPdG is a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC and its recurrence. To attain the goal of using γ-OHPdG as a biomarker in future preventive and therapeutic trials, we developed a blood-based method to detect γ-OHPdG in circulating liver tumor cells from HCC patient blood. Methods We first established the specificity of anti-γ-OHPdG antibody by determining its dose-response in HepG2 cells treated with acrolein. Then, HepG2 cells in spiked blood of healthy volunteers and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from 32 HCC patients were isolated using a RosetteSep CD45 Depletion Cocktail and Ficoll Paque. The HCC CTCs identified with anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor 1, a surface protein expressed solely in hepatocytes, were stained with an anti-γ-OHPdG antibody. The number of total HCC CTCs and γ-OHPdG-positive CTCs, as well as the staining intensity, were quantified using MetaMorph software. As an initial effort toward its clinical application, we also evaluated γ-OHPdG in CTCs from these patients along with certain clinical features. Results The γ-OHPdG antibody specificity was demonstrated by an acrolein concentration-dependent increase of γ-OHPdG-positive HepG2 cells and the intensity of γ-OHPdG staining. The recovery of HepG2 cells from spiked blood was ∼50-60%, and the positivity rate of CTCs in blood from 32 patients with advanced HCC was 97%. The MetaMorph analysis showed a wide variation among patients in total number of CTCs, γ-OHPdG positivity, and staining intensity. Statistical analysis revealed that γ-OHPdG in CTCs of these patients appears to be associated with multifocality and poor differentiation. Conclusion A blood-based method was developed and applied to HCC patients to evaluate the potential of γ-OHPdG in CTCs as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Aggarwal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mark Kuo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zizhao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sophie Gould
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Peter Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Samira Beheshtian
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Laura Kuhlman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hongbin Fang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Karen Creswell
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Susette Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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5
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Liaghat M, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Fathi Z, Zalpoor H, Heidari N, Bahreini E. A Review of the Potential Role of CoQ10 in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:575-593. [PMID: 37632587 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10) is not only an important part of the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial inner membrane but also has complex biological functions beyond mitochondrial respiration. It is a natural nutrient that is not only produced by the body but is also found in foods, such as meat, eggs, fish, and vegetable oils. Because some types of cancer reduce CoQ10 blood levels, the use of CoQ10 supplements is recommended for the treatment of cancer patients. The anti-cancer effects of CoQ10 supplementation have been reported in several cancers, including colon and breast cancer. CoQ10 scavenges free radicals to reduce oxidative stress and minimize tissue damage. CoQ10 protects the body from damage caused by chemotherapy drugs by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory factors. Recent studies suggest that CoQ10 may be a supplement to pharmacotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article examines the effects of CoQ10 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Liaghat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubzad-Maleki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Fathi
- Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Fan S, Kang B, Li S, Li W, Chen C, Chen J, Deng L, Chen D, Zhou J. Exploring the multifaceted role of RASGRP1 in disease: immune, neural, metabolic, and oncogenic perspectives. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:722-746. [PMID: 38865342 PMCID: PMC11229727 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2366009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) characterized by the presence of a RAS superfamily GEF domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor, specifically activating RAS through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activation of RAS by RASGRP1 has a wide range of downstream effects at the cellular level. Thus, it is not surprising that many diseases are associated with RASGRP1 disorders. Here, we present an overview of the structure and function of RASGRP1, its crucial role in the development, expression, and regulation of immune cells, and its involvement in various signaling pathways. This review comprehensively explores the relationship between RASGRP1 and various diseases, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms of RASGRP1 in each disease, and identifies potential therapeutic targets. This study provides novel insights into the role of RASGRP1 in insulin secretion and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes. The limitations and challenges associated with studying RASGRP1 in disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Canyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lijing Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Danjun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Shaban NZ, El-Faham AA, Abu-Serie MM, Habashy NH. The black Vitis vinifera seed oil saponifiable fraction ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via modulating apoptosis and ROS/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116215. [PMID: 38278024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, no total curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of black Vitis vinifera (VV) seed oil saponifiable (Sap) fraction (BSap) using five different cancer cell lines. The apoptotic and anti-inflammatory impacts of BSap on the cell line with the highest cytotoxic effect were studied. Furthermore, its therapeutic effect on p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB)-induced HCC in mice was investigated. The phenolic and vitamin content, as well as the antiradical activities of BSap, were assessed. BSap demonstrated a greater cytotoxic effect on HepG-2 cells (lowest IC50 and highest SI values) than did the other tested cell lines. BSap showed superior anticancer efficacy to 5-FU on all examined cancer cells, particularly HepG-2 cells, by inducing apoptosis and downregulating NF-κB. In HCC-bearing mice, BSap reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and boosted GSH levels due to its potent antiradical activities and high reducing power. In addition, it had an apoptotic effect by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 fold expression. Moreover, BSap lowered the fold expression of various crucial HCC-related genes: CD133, ALAD1α1, COX-2, ABCG1, AKT1, Gli, Notch1, and HIF1α. Liver function markers and histopathology showed significant improvements in HCC-bearing mice after BSap administration compared to 5-FU. In silico analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic and fatty acid ingredients of BSap exhibited competitive inhibitory effects on valuable HCC-associated enzymes (NADPH oxidase, histone deacetylase 1, and sepiapterin reductase). Thus, BSap fraction may be a promising treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A El-Faham
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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8
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Onifade OF, Akinloye OA, Dosumu OA, Shotuyo ALA. In silico and in vivo anti-angiogenic validation on ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa and curcumin compound in hepatocellular carcinoma through mitogen activated protein kinase expression in male and female wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114096. [PMID: 37858842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary malignancy of the liver. The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative in silico and in vivo ameliorative potential of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (EECL) in male and female Wistar rats administered N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. The MAPK compound was obtained from a protein data bank (PDB ID: 7AUV) for molecular docking. One hundred and twenty Wistar rats, were randomly selected into twelve groups (n = 5): Group A received regular diets as a basal control; groups B to G were administered 100 mg/kg NDEA twice in two weeks; while groups C to E received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of EECL; group F was treated with 200 mg/kg pure curcumin; and group G received 100 mg/kg Sylibon-140. Group H received only 200 mg/kg pure curcumin, and group I received 200 mg/kg of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Groups J, K, and L received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of EECL. MAPK and AFP mRNA in Wistar rats administered NDEA were upregulated as compared to EECL groups. In conclusion, the in silico and in vitro study validates the mitigating role of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa and pure curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Fisayo Onifade
- Department of Chemical and Food Science, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | | | - Oluwatosin A Dosumu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Phoyen S, Sanpavat A, Ma-on C, Stein U, Hirankarn N, Tangkijvanich P, Jindatip D, Whongsiri P, Boonla C. H4K20me3 upregulated by reactive oxygen species is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22589. [PMID: 38144275 PMCID: PMC10746411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alteration by oxidative stress is vitally involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Previously, we demonstrated that oxidative stress was increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and associated with tumor aggressiveness. Herein, we immunohistochemically investigated whether histone methylation, specifically H4K20me3, was upregulated in human hepatic tissues obtained from HCC patients (n = 100). Also, we experimentally explored if the H4K20me3 was upregulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributed to tumor progression in HCC cell lines. We found that H4K20me3 level was increased in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. H3K9me3 and H3K4me3 levels were also increased in HCC tissues. Cox regression analysis revealed that the elevated H4K20me3 level was associated with tumor recurrence and short survival in HCC patients. Experimentally, H2O2 provoked oxidative stress and induced H4K20me3 formation in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Transcript expression of histone methyltransferase Suv420h2 (for H4K20me3), Suv39h1 (for H3K9me3), and Smyd3 (for H3K4me3) were upregulated in H2O2-treated HCC cells. H2O2 also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells, indicated by decreased E-cadherin but increased α-SMA and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Migration, invasion, and colony formation in HCC cells were markedly increased following the H2O2 exposure. Inhibition of H4K20me3 formation by A196 (a selective inhibitor of Suv420h2) attenuated EMT and reduced tumor migration in H2O2-treated HCC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that H4K20me3 level was increased in human HCC tissues, and it was independently associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. ROS upregulated H4K20me3 formation, induced mRNA expression of EMT markers, and promoted tumor progression in human HCC cells. Inhibition of H4K20me3 formation reduced EMT and tumor aggressive phenotypes in ROS-treated HCC cells. Possibly, ROS-induced EMT and tumor progression in HCC cells was epigenetically mediated through an increased formation of repressive chromatin H4K20me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchittra Phoyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anapat Sanpavat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakriwong Ma-on
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Whongsiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanchai Boonla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Han Y, Luo L, Li H, Zhang L, Yan Y, Fang M, Yu J, Gao X, Liu Y, Huang C, Fan S. Nomilin and its analogue obacunone alleviate NASH and hepatic fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1189-1204. [PMID: 37401768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis are leading causes of cirrhosis with rising morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no appropriate treatment for NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress is a main factor inducing NASH. Nomilin (NML) and obacunone (OBA) are limonoid compounds naturally occurring in citrus fruits with various biological properties. However, whether OBA and NML have beneficial effects on NASH remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OBA and NML inhibited hepatic tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and liver fibrosis progression in methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-treated and bile duct ligation (BDL) NASH and hepatic fibrosis mouse models. Mechanistic studies showed that NML and OBA enhanced anti-oxidative effects, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increase of catalase (CAT) activity and the gene expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and Nrf2-keap1 signaling. Additional, NML and OBA inhibited the expression of inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (Il-6), and regulated the bile acid metabolism genes Cyp3a11, Cyp7a1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3). Overall, these findings indicate that NML and OBA may alleviate NASH and liver fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Our study proposed that NML and OBA may be potential strategies for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Mohammed HA, Ewees MG, Mahmoud NI, Ali HM, Amin E, Abdel-Bakky MS. Involvement of PI3K/HIF-1α/c-MYC/iNOS Pathway in the Anticancer Effect of Suaeda vermiculata in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1470. [PMID: 37895941 PMCID: PMC10609837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex JF Gmel. (SV), a traditional known plant, has shown in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and HepG-2/ADR (doxorubicin-resistant cells) liver cell carcinoma cell lines, as well as hepatoprotection against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. The current study evaluated the protective effect of SV, administered against N-diethylnitrosamine (NDEA)-induced HCC in rats. The possible modulatory effect of SV on the PI3K/HIF-1α/c-MYC/iNOS pathway was investigated. Sixty male adult albino rats (200 ± 10 g) were equally classified into five groups. Group I served as a control; Group 2 (SV control group) received SV (p.o., 200 mg/kg body weight); Group 3 (NDEA-administered rats) received freshly prepared NDEA solution (100 mg/L); and Groups 4 and 5 received simultaneously, for 16 weeks, NDEA + SV extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally). NDEA-treated rats displayed significant increases in serum levels of AFP, CEA, PI3K, malondialdehyde (MDA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), with increased liver tissue protein expression of fibrinogen concomitant and significantly decreased concentrations of antioxidant parameters (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) in comparison to normal rats. On the flip side, AFP, CEA, PI3K, MDA, EGFR, and VEGFR serum levels were significantly reduced in rats that received NDEA with SV, both at low (SV LD) and high (SV HD) doses, accompanied by significant improvements in antioxidant parameters compared to the NDEA-treated group. Conclusions: SV possesses a significant hepatoprotective effect against NDEA-induced HCC via inhibiting the PI3K/HIF-1α/c-MYC/iNOS pathway, suggesting that SV could be a promising hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 11787, Egypt; (M.G.E.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Nesreen I. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 11787, Egypt; (M.G.E.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Hussein M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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12
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Verma S, Sahu BD, Mugale MN. Role of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 325:121751. [PMID: 37169145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest cancer in human malignancies. It is the most common and severe type of primary liver cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new kind of RNA and epigenetic factors, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC. LncRNAs are capable of promoting the autophagy, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells by targeting and modulating the expression of downstream genes in signaling pathways related to cancer; these transcripts modify the activity and expression of various tumor suppressors and oncogenes. LncRNAs could act as biomarkers for treatment approaches such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery to effectively treat HCC patients. Improved knowledge regarding the aetiology of HCC may result from an advanced understanding of lncRNAs. Enhanced oxidative stress in the mitochondrial and Endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of unfolded protein response pathway that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mutual regulation between LncRNAs and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer and simultaneous activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway determines the fate of tumor cells in HCC. Mitochondria-associated lncRNAs work as essential components of several gene regulatory networks; abnormal regulation of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs may lead to oncogenesis, which provides further insight into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bidhya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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13
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Naqvi STR, Ahmad J, Haq MNU, Hina M, Fatima B, Majeed S, Naqvi SMA. Quantitative Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Terms of H2O2 in Smokers and Nonsmokers Serum Samples. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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14
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Lu J, Zhu D, Zhang X, Wang J, Cao H, Li L. The crucial role of LncRNA MIR210HG involved in the regulation of human cancer and other disease. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:137-150. [PMID: 36088513 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have evoked considerable interest in recent years due to their critical functions in the regulation of disease processes. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs is found in multiple diseases, and lncRNAs have been exploited for diverse medical applications. The lncRNA MIR210HG is a recently discovered lncRNA that is widely dysregulated in human disease. MIR210HG was described to have biological functions with potential roles in disease development, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and energy metabolism. And MIR210HG dysregulation was confirmed to have promising clinical values in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we systematically summarize the expression profiles, roles, underlying mechanisms, and clinical applications of MIR210HG in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Shangcheng District, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh H, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MM. Evaluating the Anticancer Activity of Blocking TNF Type 1 Receptors in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Rat Model. Cureus 2022; 14:e32519. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Lorente L, Rodriguez ST, Sanz P, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Padilla J, Díaz D, González A, Martín MM, Jiménez A, Cerro P, Portero J, Barrera MA. DNA and RNA oxidative damage in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and mortality during the first year of liver transplantation. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1182-1189. [PMID: 35978670 PMCID: PMC9258248 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage of DNA and RNA has been associated with mortality of patients with different diseases. However, there is no published data on the potential use of DNA and RNA oxidative damage to predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver transplantation (LT).
AIM To determine whether patients with increased DNA and RNA oxidative damage prior to LT for HCC have a poor LT prognosis.
METHODS Patients with HCC who underwent LT were included in this observational and retrospective study. Serum levels of all three oxidized guanine species (OGS) were measured prior to LT since guanine is the nucleobase that forms DNA and RNA most prone to oxidation. LT mortality at 1 year was the end-point study.
RESULTS Surviving patients (n = 101) showed lower serum OGS levels (P = 0.01) and lower age of the liver donor (P = 0.03) than non-surviving patients (n = 13). An association between serum OGS levels prior to LT and 1-year LT (odds ratio = 2.079; 95% confidence interval = 1.356-3.189; P = 0.001) was found in the logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION The main new finding was that high serum OGS concentration prior to LT was associated with the mortality 1 year after LT in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Department ofIntensive Care, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sergio T Rodriguez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Javier Padilla
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Dácil Díaz
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Purificación Cerro
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Julián Portero
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Manuel A Barrera
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
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17
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Xue C, Li G, Zheng Q, Gu X, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. The functional roles of the circRNA/Wnt axis in cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:108. [PMID: 35513849 PMCID: PMC9074313 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs, covalently closed noncoding RNAs, are widely expressed in a wide range of species ranging from viruses to plants to mammals. CircRNAs were enriched in the Wnt pathway. Aberrant Wnt pathway activation is involved in the development of various types of cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that the circRNA/Wnt axis modulates the expression of cancer-associated genes and then regulates cancer progression. Wnt pathway-related circRNA expression is obviously associated with many clinical characteristics. CircRNAs could regulate cell biological functions by interacting with the Wnt pathway. Moreover, Wnt pathway-related circRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment. In our review, we summarized the recent research progress on the role and clinical application of Wnt pathway-related circRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, 310003 Hangzhou, China
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18
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Brown AR, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM, Melnyk SB, Heard-Lipsmeyer ME, Montales MTE, Habenicht D, Van TT, Simmen FA. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071737. [PMID: 35406507 PMCID: PMC8996893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined, in mice, the effects of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) knockout on: adiposity, hepatic and systemic oxidative stress, and hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory and NOX/DUOX family genes, in a high-fat diet (HFD) context. Male and female Klf9+/+ (wild type, WT) and Klf9-/- (knockout, KO) mice were fed HFD (beginning at age 35 days) for 12 weeks, after which liver and adipose tissues were obtained, and serum adiponectin and leptin levels, liver fat content, and markers of oxidative stress evaluated. Klf9-/- mice of either sex did not exhibit significant alterations in weight gain, adipocyte size, adipokine levels, or liver fat content when compared to WT counterparts. However, Klf9-/- mice of both sexes had increased liver weight/size (hepatomegaly). This was accompanied by increased hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and increased homocysteine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 4HNE content. Decreased GSH to GSSG ratio and a trend toward increased homocysteine levels were observed in the corresponding Klf9-/- mouse serum. Gene expression analysis showed a heightened pro-inflammatory state in livers from Klf9-/- mice. KLF9 suppresses hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, thus identifying potential mechanisms for KLF9 suppression of HCC and perhaps cancers of other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stepan B. Melnyk
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Melissa E. Heard-Lipsmeyer
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Maria Theresa E. Montales
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Daniel Habenicht
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Trang T. Van
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-8128
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19
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Mabrouk AA, Eltablawy NA, El-Allawy RM, Abdel Maksoud H, Elsenosi YA. The ameliorating effect of Terminalia muelleri extract on oxidative stress–related factors in induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Abdalla Y, Abdalla A, Hamza AA, Amin A. Safranal Prevents Liver Cancer Through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Alleviating Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777500. [PMID: 35177980 PMCID: PMC8845597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts, an effective and safe treatment for liver cancer remains elusive. Natural products and their derived biomolecules are potential resources to mine for novel anti-cancer drugs. Chemopreventive effects of safranal, a major bioactive ingredient of the golden spice "saffron", were evaluated in this study against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in rats. Safranal's mechanisms of action were also investigated in the human liver cancer line "HepG2". When administered to DEN-treated rats, safranal significantly inhibited proliferation (Ki-67) and also induced apoptosis (TUNEL and M30 CytoDeath). It also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties where inflammatory markers such as NF-kB, COX2, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and its receptor were significantly inhibited. Safranal's in vivo effects were further supported in HepG2 cells where apoptosis was induced and inflammation was downregulated. In summary, safranal is reported here as a potent chemopreventive agent against hepatocellular carcinoma that may soon be an important ingredient of a broad-spectrum cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abdalla
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ali Abdalla
- Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr Amin
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Almehmadi MM, Ahmed OM. Silybum marianum total extract, silymarin and silibinin abate hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma growth via modulation of the HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112409. [PMID: 34781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as one of the most deadly malignancies with limited therapeutic efficacy worldwide. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways in HCC and predicting cancer cell responses to targeted therapeutic interventions remain to be challenge. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancerous efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally-induced HCC in rats. In vitro investigations were also performed and the anticancer effects against HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were confirmed. Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg body weight (bw)), Sm (150 mg/kg bw), and Sb (5 mg/kg bw) every other day from the 1st or 16th week to the 25th week of DEN/AAF/CCl4 injection. Treatment with STE, Sm, and Sb inhibited the growth of cancerous lesions in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. This inhibition was associated with inhibition of Ki-67 expression and repression of HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. STE, Sm, and Sb improved liver function biomarkers and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, and CA19.9) and increased total protein and albumin levels in serum. STE, Sm, and Sb treatment was also noted to reduce the hepatic production of lipid peroxides, increase hepatic glutathione content, and induce the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. These results indicate that STE, Sm, and Sb exert anti-HCC effects through multiple pathways, including suppression of Ki-67 expression and HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y S Yassin
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020 El Salam, 11785 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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22
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Qiu L, Ning H, Zhu Y, Yang Q, Liu L, Luo L, Gao Y, Xing Y. Feedback regulation of antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L1 and immunostimulatory factor 41BBL mediates the crosstalk between oxidative stress and tumor immunity. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:265-272. [PMID: 34902807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the immune checkpoint to inhibit tumor immune escape, which is one of the fundamental causes of cancer, has become an important strategy for cancer treatment. The molecular mechanism of tumor immune escape involved in the process of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma after specifically knocking out NFE2L1, the core regulator of redox homeostasis, in the mouse liver is still unclear. Transcriptome data showed that the immunostimulatory TNFSF9/41BBL was significantly reduced in NFE2L1 knockdown hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, and this suggests that 41BBL may be an oxidative stress-responsive immune checkpoint. The results of the promoter activity experiment showed that NFE2L1 can promote 41BBL gene transcription activation through the ARE element in the promoter region. In addition, cell biology experiments have found that overexpression of 41BBL can inhibit cell proliferation and promote senescence. Importantly, reactive oxygen species in cells significantly increased after overexpression of 41BBL, whereas NFE2L1 was inhibited, indicating that 41BBL has the effect of feedback regulating oxidative stress in cells. In conclusion, in this study, the transcriptional activation effect of NFE2L1 on 41BBL and the feedback inhibition relationship of 41BBL on NFE2L1 was clarified. The NFE2L1/41BBL axis might be an important pathway that mediates the crosstalk between oxidative stress and the tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yaqian Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiufang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yadi Xing
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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23
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Son J, Kim MJ, Lee JS, Kim JY, Chun E, Lee KY. Hepatitis B virus X Protein Promotes Liver Cancer Progression through Autophagy Induction in Response to TLR4 Stimulation. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e37. [PMID: 34796041 PMCID: PMC8568915 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein has been reported as a key protein regulating the pathogenesis of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent evidence has shown that HBx is implicated in the activation of autophagy in hepatic cells. Nevertheless, the precise molecular and cellular mechanism by which HBx induces autophagy is still controversial. Herein, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanism by which HBx is involved in the TRAF6-BECN1-Bcl-2 signaling for the regulation of autophagy in response to TLR4 stimulation, therefore influencing the HCC progression. HBx interacts with BECN1 (Beclin 1) and inhibits the association of the BECN1-Bcl-2 complex, which is known to prevent the assembly of the pre-autophagosomal structure. Furthermore, HBx enhances the interaction between VPS34 and TRAF6-BECN1 complex, increases the ubiquitination of BECN1, and subsequently enhances autophagy induction in response to LPS stimulation. To verify the functional role of HBx in liver cancer progression, we utilized different HCC cell lines, HepG2, SK-Hep-1, and SNU-761. HBx-expressing HepG2 cells exhibited enhanced cell migration, invasion, and cell mobility in response to LPS stimulation compared to those of control HepG2 cells. These results were consistently observed in HBx-expressed SK-Hep-1 and HBx-expressed SNU-761 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that HBx positively regulates the induction of autophagy through the inhibition of the BECN1-Bcl-2 complex and enhancement of the TRAF6-BECN1-VPS34 complex, leading to enhance liver cancer migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Son
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Immunology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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24
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Sun H, Li Y, Quan X, Chen N, Jin X, Jin W, Jin Y, Shen X. PIAS3/SOCS1-STAT3 axis responses to oxidative stress in hepatocellular cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12395-12409. [PMID: 34956461 PMCID: PMC8661178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The participation of STAT3 and its upstream inhibitors, PIAS3 and SOCS1, in the oxidative response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells was uncertain. Here, the expression of PIAS3 and SOCS1 in HCC tissues and cell lines was explored, and we sought to determine whether oxidative stress epigenetically regulated PIAS3 and SOCS1 expression and STAT3 activation in HCC cells. The expression of PIAS3 and SOCS1 was markedly decreased in HCC cell lines and tissues compared to normal hepatic cells and tissues. In HCC patients, low PIAS3 and SOCS1 expression were associated with poor survival. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells was indicated by low antioxidant levels and high protein carbonyl content. Moreover, oxidative stress in HepG2 cells contributed to reduced proliferation but increased apoptosis, migration, and invasion capacity, which might be counteracted by antioxidants, such as tocopheryl acetate (TA). PIAS3 and SOCS1 expression was markedly decreased, while STAT3 was activated in HepG2 cells in response to H2O2 exposure. Co-treatment with antioxidant TA effectively increased the expression of PIAS3 and SOCS1, but it dephosphorylated STAT3 in H2O2-treated cells. PIAS1 or SOCS1 overexpression in HepG2 cells after H2O2 treatment restored cell viability and anti-oxidative responses and decreased apoptosis, migration, and invasion ability, and dephosphorylated STAT3 levels. Co-administration of the STAT3 activator, colivelin, partially abolished the effect of PIAS3 and SOCS1 overexpression in these processes. Therefore, oxidative stress in HCC cells may improve their migration and reduce proliferation through STAT3 activation through the repression of PIAS3 and SOCS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanglong Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglan Quan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Infection Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinglin Jin
- Department of General Surgert, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanji, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Tsai LW, Lu YH, Dubey R, Chiou JF. Reenvisioning Traditional to Regenerative Therapeutic Advances in Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7692447. [PMID: 34805412 PMCID: PMC8601846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7692447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports indicate the increasing prevalence of liver disorders in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Clinically, it has also been revealed that the existence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) enhances the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while T2DM exacerbates NAFLD to extremely severe forms of steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This implies the coexistence and bidirectional nature of NAFLD and T2DM, which function synergistically to drive adverse consequences in clinical practice. For treatment of such comorbid state, though the existing practices such as lifestyle management, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), and pharmaceuticals have offered somewhat relief, the debate continues about the optimal therapeutic impacts. Recent developments in the field of tissue engineering have led to a renewed interest in novel biomaterial alternatives such as stem cells. This might be attributable to their differentiation potential towards hepatic and pancreatic lineage. These cellular therapies could be further complemented by platelet-derived biomaterials, TCM formulations, or any specific drug. Based on these abovementioned approaches, we aimed to comprehensively analyze various preclinical and clinical studies from traditional to regenerative therapeutic approaches in managing concomitant NAFLD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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26
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Ahumada A, Rayón L, Usón C, Bañares R, Alonso Lopez S. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk after viral response in hepatitis C virus-advanced fibrosis: Who to screen and for how long? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6737-6749. [PMID: 34790004 PMCID: PMC8567476 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is associated with fibrosis progression, end-stage liver complications and HCC. Not surprisingly, HCV infection is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. After sustained virological response (SVR), the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma is not completely eliminated in patients with established cirrhosis or with advanced fibrosis. Therefore, lifelong surveillance is currently recommended. This strategy is likely not universally cost-effective and harmless, considering that not all patients with advanced fibrosis have the same risk of developing HCC. Factors related to the severity of liver disease and its potential to improve after SVR, the molecular and epigenetic changes that occur during infection and other associated comorbidities might account for different risk levels and are likely essential for identifying patients who would benefit from screening programs after SVR. Efforts to develop predictive models and risk calculators, biomarkers and genetic panels and even deep learning models to estimate the individual risk of HCC have been made in the direct-acting antiviral agents era, when thousands of patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis have reached SVR. These tools could help to identify patients with very low HCC risk in whom surveillance might not be justified. In this review, factors affecting the probability of HCC development after SVR, the benefits and risks of surveillance, suggested strategies to estimate individualized HCC risk and the current evidence to recommend lifelong surveillance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ahumada
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
- Liver Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Laura Rayón
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Clara Usón
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
- Liver Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
- Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sonia Alonso Lopez
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
- Liver Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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27
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Deng X, Cheng J, Zhan N, Chen J, Zhan Y, Ni Y, Liao C. MicroRNA-135a expression is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and targets long non-coding RNA TONSL-AS1 to suppress cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:808. [PMID: 34630715 PMCID: PMC8488329 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) results in development of human diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). lncRNA TONSL-AS1 has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TONSL-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of TONSL-AS1 and microRNA (miRNA/miR)-135a in HCC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues. A 5-year follow-up study was performed to determine the prognostic value of TONSL-AS1 in HCC. The association between miR-135a and TONSL-AS1 was assessed via overexpression experiments. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that TONSL-AS1 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues, which was associated with a lower survival rate in patients with HCC. TONSL-AS1 and miR-135a were predicted to interact with each other, whereby overexpression of miR-135a downregulated TONSL-AS1 expression. The results demonstrated that TONSL-AS1 and miR-135a were inversely correlated with each other. Notably, overexpression of TONSL-AS1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, while overexpression of miR-135a promoted HCC cell proliferation and decreased the effect of overexpression of TONSL-AS1 on cell proliferation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that miR-135a expression is upregulated in HCC and targets lncRNA TONSL-AS1 to suppress cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Naiyang Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
| | - Caixian Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, PR. China
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28
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Thai SF, Jones CP, Robinette BL, Ren H, Vallant B, Fisher A, Kitchin KT. Effects of Copper Nanoparticles on mRNA and Small RNA Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5083-5098. [PMID: 33875094 PMCID: PMC10803003 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are widely used in many different industrial processes and consumer products. Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are among the most toxic nanomaterials. We investigated Cu NPs toxicity in Human Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by examining signaling pathways, and microRNA/mRNA interactions. We compared the effects of exposures to Cu NPs at various concentrations and CuCl₂ was used as a control. The number of differentially expressed mRNA did not follow a linear dose-response relationship for either Cu NPs or CuCl₂ treatments. The most significantly altered genes and pathways by Cu NPs exposure were NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2)-mediated oxidative stress response, protein ubiquitination, Tumor protein p53 (p53), phase I and II metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant proteins and phase III detoxifying gene pathways.Messenger RNA-microRNA interaction from MicroRNA Target Filter Analyses revealed more signaling pathways altered in Cu NPs treated samples than transcriptomics alone, including cell proliferation, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, tumorigenesis, extracellular matrix/angiogenesis and protein synthesis. In contrast, in the control (CuCl₂) treated samples showed mostly changes in inflammation mainly through regulation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B-cells (NFκB). Further, some RNA based parameters that showed promise as biomarkers of Cu NPs exposure including both well and lesser known genes: heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), heat shock protein, c-Fos proto-oncogene, DNA methyltransferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM, part of the glutathione synthesis pathway). The differences in signaling pathways altered by the Cu NPs and CuCl₂ treatments suggest that the effects of the Cu NPs were not the results of nanomaterial dissolution to soluble copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Fung Thai
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Carlton P Jones
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian L Robinette
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Production Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Beena Vallant
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Anna Fisher
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Production Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
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29
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Bannaga AS, Alvarez R, Zhou L, Petchey M, Noufaily A, Hitchins MP, Arasaradnam RP. Role of methylated septin 9 as an adjunct diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:1595-1606. [PMID: 33931320 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylated septin 9 (mSEPT9) has a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. We evaluated mSEPT9 performance in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and those at risk of HCC METHODS: Using Epi-proColon® V2.0 assay adapted for 1 mL plasma, we investigated mSEPT9 sensitivity, specificity, associations with influential covariates and relation to death. RESULTS Of 141 participants included, 136 had liver disease, 38 with HCC (mean-age 71 years) and 103 without HCC (mean-age 56.8 years), with further five without liver disease. 41 patients died (23 HCC) by the end of the study follow-up period. In HCC, mSEPT9 sensitivity and specificity were 89.47% (CI:75.20%-97.06%) and 81.55% (CI:72.70%-88.51%), whilst alpha fetoprotein (AFP) sensitivity and specificity were 50% (CI:33.38%-66.62%) and 97.09% (CI:91.72%-99.40%), respectively. Age-adjusted logistic regression showed mSEPT9 was associated with age, body mass index, HCC, liver cirrhosis, AFP, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio, albumin-bilirubin grade and fibrosis-4 index (p < 0.05). Odds for HCC patients to have positive mSEPT9 were 27.4 times more than those without HCC. Time-to-death was associated with mSEPT9 positivity (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher HCC survival with mSEPT9 compared to AFP. CONCLUSIONS The mSEPT9 offers potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. After adjusting for age, mSEPT9 remained associated with liver function, liver fibrosis and inflammatory surrogate markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman S Bannaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Coventry UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | | | | | - Megan P Hitchins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Coventry UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Sharma N, Biswas S, Al-Dayan N, Alhegaili AS, Sarwat M. Antioxidant Role of Kaempferol in Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1419. [PMID: 34573051 PMCID: PMC8470426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are noxious to cells because their increased level interacts with the body's defense mechanism. These species also cause mutations and uncontrolled cell division, resulting in oxidative stress (OS). Prolonged oxidative stress is responsible for incorrect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing a stressful condition, ER stress. These cellular stresses (oxidative stress and ER stress) are well-recognized biological factors that play a prominent role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a critical global health problem and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The application of anti-oxidants from herbal sources significantly reduces oxidative stress. Kaempferol (KP) is a naturally occurring, aglycone dietary flavonoid that is present in various plants (Crocus sativus, Coccinia grandis, Euphorbia pekinensis, varieties of Aloe vera, etc.) It is capable of interacting with pleiotropic proteins of the human body. Efforts are in progress to develop KP as a potential candidate to prevent HCC with no adverse effects. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of KP for treating HCC, targeting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Noura Al-Dayan
- Medical Laboratory Department, Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-D.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Alaa Saud Alhegaili
- Medical Laboratory Department, Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-D.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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von Bülow V, Lichtenberger J, Grevelding CG, Falcone FH, Roeb E, Roderfeld M. Does Schistosoma Mansoni Facilitate Carcinogenesis? Cells 2021; 10:1982. [PMID: 34440754 PMCID: PMC8393187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prominent parasite-induced infectious diseases, causing tremendous medical and socioeconomic problems. Current studies have reported on the spread of endemic regions and the fear of development of resistance against praziquantel, the only effective drug available. Among the Schistosoma species, only S. haematobium is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen (definitely cancerogenic to humans), causing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, whereas infection with S. mansoni is included in Group 3 of carcinogenic hazards to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), indicating insufficient evidence to determine its carcinogenicity. Nevertheless, although S. mansoni has not been discussed as an organic carcinogen, the multiplicity of case reports, together with recent data from animal models and cell culture experiments, suggests that this parasite can predispose patients to or promote hepatic and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the current data, with a focus on new developments regarding the association of S. mansoni infection with human cancer and the recently discovered biomolecular mechanisms by which S. mansoni may predispose patients to cancer development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena von Bülow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Jakob Lichtenberger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Modulates Autophagy and Oxidative DNA Damage Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Overcome Sorafenib Resistance via TLR9/SOD1/hsa-miR-30a-5p/Beclin-1 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133227. [PMID: 34203465 PMCID: PMC8267639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is used for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but some patients acquire sorafenib resistance. We investigated the mechanisms underlying acquired sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and targeted them to re-sensitize them to sorafenib. In silico analysis indicated that toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 was significantly overexpressed, and that miRNA (hsa-miR-30a-5p) was downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, which modulated HCC cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. TLR9 overexpression increased HCC cell proliferation, whereas TLR9 inhibition from hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) decreased HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, oxidative stress marker (SOD1), and the formation of autophagosome bodies (reduced ATG5 and Beclin-1 expression). Moreover, HCQ treatment reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to decreased clonogenicity, migratory ability, and invasiveness. HCQ targeted and reduced the self-renewal capacity phenotype by inhibiting tumorsphere generation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the HCQ-sorafenib combination on sorafenib-resistant HCC (Huh7-SR) cells, increasing their sensitivity to treatment by modulating TLR9, autophagy (ATG5 and Beclin-1), oxidative stress (SOD1), and apoptosis (c-caspase3) expression and thus overcoming the drug resistance. This study's findings indicate that TLR9 overexpression occurs in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and that its downregulation aids HCC suppression. Moreover, HCQ treatment significantly increases sorafenib's effect on sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.
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33
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El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Selective cytotoxic activity and protective effects of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through its effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Redox Rep 2021; 25:17-25. [PMID: 32172678 PMCID: PMC7144217 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1739870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by elevated in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which enhance destructive effects of the tumor. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the protective effects of sodium ascorbate against thioacetamide-induced HCC in rats through studying its effect on the apoptotic pathway in rats. In addition, in vitro activity of sodium ascorbate was investigated on HepG2 and compared with cisplatin. Methods: HCC was experimentally induced by injecting rats with 200 mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally twice weekly for 16 weeks. Part of HCC rats was concomitantly treated with 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate intraperitoneally during the 16-week period. Hepatic tissues were used for the determination of NFκB, Nrf2, TNF-α, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results: Sodium ascorbate significantly attenuated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of NrF2 associated with a reduction in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. In addition, sodium ascorbate blocked HCC-induced increase in the expression of NFκB and TNF-α. Sodium ascorbate slightly increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in vitro but inhibited their activities in vivo. Conclusion: In spite of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sodium ascorbate, it produced selective cytotoxic activity via direct activation of the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells without affecting the apoptotic pathway in normal hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina M Almasri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Bagalagel
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Diri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Khalil A, Elfert A, Ghanem S, Helal M, Abdelsattar S, Elgedawy G, Obada M, Abdel-Samiee M, El-Said H. The role of metabolomics in hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver malignancy, with the highest incidence in the developing world, including Egypt. Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually diagnosed in the terminal stage of the disease because of the low sensitivity of the available screening tests. During the process of carcinogenesis, the cellular metabolism is altered to allow cancer cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment and therefore increase anabolic synthesis and survival and avoid the apoptotic death signals. These changes in metabolic status can be tracked by metabolomics analysis.
Main body
Metabolomics is a comprehensive approach for identifying metabolic signatures towards the screening, prediction, and earlier diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with greater efficiency than the conventional diagnostic biomarker. The identification of metabolic changes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma is essential to the understanding of disease pathophysiology and enables better monitoring of high-risk individuals. However, due to the complexity of the metabolic pathways associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, the details of these perturbations are still not adequately characterized. The current status of biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma and their insufficiencies and metabolic pathways linked to hepatocellular carcinogenesis are briefly addressed in this mini-review. The review focused on the significantly changed metabolites and pathways associated with hepatocellular carcinoma such as phospholipids, bile acids, amino acids, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and the metabolic changes related to energy production in a cancer cell. The review briefly discusses the sensitivity of metabolomics in the prediction and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and the effect of coexisting multiple etiologies of the disease.
Conclusions
Metabolomics profiling is a potentially promising tool for better predicting, diagnosis, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Lim LJ, Ling LH, Neo YP, Chung AY, Goh BK, Chow PK, Chan CY, Cheow PC, Lee SY, Lim TK, Chong SS, Ooi LLPJ, Lee CG. Highly deregulated lncRNA LOC is associated with overall worse prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients. J Cancer 2021; 12:3098-3113. [PMID: 33976720 PMCID: PMC8100808 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to be deregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), experimentally characterized, and/or associated with patient's clinical characteristics, there is, thus far, minimal concerted research strategy to identify deregulated lncRNAs that modulate prognosis of HCC patients. Here, we present a novel strategy where we identify lncRNAs, which are not only de-regulated in HCC patients, but are also associated with pertinent clinical characteristics, potentially contributing to the prognosis of HCC patients. LOC101926913 (LOC) was further characterized because it is the most highly differentially expressed amongst those that are associated with the most number of clinical features (tumor-stage, vascular and tumor invasion and poorer overall survival). Experimental gain- and loss-of-function manipulation of LOC in liver cell-lines highlight LOC as a potential onco-lncRNA promoting cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth and invasion. LOC expression in cells up-regulated genes involved in GTPase-activities and downregulated genes associated with cellular detoxification, oxygen- and drug-transport. Hence, LOC may represent a novel therapeutic target, modulating prognosis of HCC patients through up-regulating GTPase-activities and down-regulating detoxification, oxygen- and drug-transport. This strategy may thus be useful for the identification of clinically relevant lncRNAs as potential biomarkers/targets that modulate prognosis in other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jin Lim
- Dept of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Hiang Ling
- Dept of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Pei Neo
- Dept of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alexander Y.F. Chung
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Brian K.P. Goh
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pierce K.H. Chow
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Dept of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Yip Chan
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peng Chung Cheow
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ser Yee Lee
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tony K.H. Lim
- Dept of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Samuel S. Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - London L. P. J. Ooi
- Dept of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Dept of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline G. Lee
- Dept of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Div of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tran QH, Nguyen VG, Tran CM, Nguyen MN. Down-regulation of solute carrier family 10 member 1 is associated with early recurrence and poorer prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06463. [PMID: 33763615 PMCID: PMC7973870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies and the fourth-leading cancer-related death worldwide. Most patients with HCC are diagnosed at a late stage in which curable therapies are limited. Thus, identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC is essential for improving the treatment effectiveness in patients with HCC. In this paper, the SLC10A1 expression levels in the cells and the tissues and their correlation with HCC were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Clinical information data and gene expression profiles were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Chi-square tests, log-rank tests, and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed using R packages. In all statistical analyses, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. We found that SLC10A1 primarily expresses in the liver, especially on the plasma membrane. The expression levels of SLC10A1 in tumors were consistently lower than that in normal tissue. Down-regulation of SLC10A1 was correlated with a poor survival outcome [p = 4.50e-05] and recurrence-free survival [p = 8.0e-04] in patients with HCC. In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of SLC10A1 was an independent predictor for survival outcome [p = 2.17e-05] and recurrence-free survival [p = 1.63e-04]. We concluded that SLC10A1 is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Hoa Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Tay Thanh, Tan Phu District, HCM City, Viet Nam
| | - Van Gio Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Tay Thanh, Tan Phu District, HCM City, Viet Nam
| | - Cong Manh Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Tay Thanh, Tan Phu District, HCM City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University HCM City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, HCM City, Viet Nam
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Chen M, Xiao H, Chen B, Bian Z, Kwan HY. The advantages of using Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids for the management of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Vairetti M, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Ferrigno A, Berardo C. Changes in Glutathione Content in Liver Diseases: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:364. [PMID: 33670839 PMCID: PMC7997318 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide particularly concentrated in the liver, is the most important thiol reducing agent involved in the modulation of redox processes. It has also been demonstrated that GSH cannot be considered only as a mere free radical scavenger but that it takes part in the network governing the choice between survival, necrosis and apoptosis as well as in altering the function of signal transduction and transcription factor molecules. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview on the molecular biology of the GSH system; therefore, GSH synthesis, metabolism and regulation will be reviewed. The multiple GSH functions will be described, as well as the importance of GSH compartmentalization into distinct subcellular pools and inter-organ transfer. Furthermore, we will highlight the close relationship existing between GSH content and the pathogenesis of liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), chronic cholestatic injury, ischemia/reperfusion damage, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, the potential therapeutic benefits of GSH and GSH-related medications, will be described for each liver disorder taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.C.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.C.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
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39
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Gao L, Sun J, Wang L, Fan Q, Zhu G, Guo H, Sun X. Highly sensitive real-time detection of intracellular oxidative stress and application in mycotoxin toxicity evaluation based on living single-cell electrochemical sensors. Analyst 2021; 146:1444-1454. [PMID: 33410840 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell electrochemical sensor is widely used in the local selective detection of single living cells because of its high spatial-temporal resolution and sensitivity, as well as its ability to obtain comprehensive cellular physiological states and processes with increased accuracy. Functionalized nanoprobes can detect the oxidative stress response of cells in single-cell electrochemical sensors. Moreover, the T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic mycotoxins and widely occurs in field crops. T-2 toxin can cause mitochondrial damage in cells and increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cells. As the most representative free radical of intracellular ROS, H2O2 can effectively reflect the toxic effects of intracellular T-2 toxin. In this study, a functionalized gold nanoprobe was used to dynamically monitor the production of H2O2 in a single live human hepatoma cell HepG2 stimulated by mycotoxin T-2. The concentration of H2O2 produced by HepG2 cells stimulated by T-2 toxin at 1 ppb-1 ppm was linearly correlated, R2 = 0.99055, and LOD = 0.13807 ng mL-1. Sample spiking experiments were conducted, and the recovery rate of spiking was 81.19%-130.17%. A comparative analysis of differences in the current produced by multiple toxins, HT-29 cells, as well as single cells in cell populations, was performed. This method can be applied in real-time monitoring of mycotoxin toxicity during food processing in living cells and provides a novel idea for enhancing food quality and safety in a nanoenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
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Farghaly ME, Khowailed AA, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Gaber SS, Ashour H. Thymoquinone Potentiated the Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin on Hepatic Tumorigenesis by Modulating Tissue Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic GRP78/CHOP Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:278-287. [PMID: 33533291 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1879880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) combined with Cisplatin may augment its anticancer effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), through oxidative stress mitigation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein modulation. Fifty adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into five equal experimental groups (n = 10); 1) Control, 2) diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver tumorigenesis model (HCC), 3) Cisplatin (2 mg.kg-1ip) treated rats, 4) Thymoquinone treated group (20 mg.kg-1oral), and 5) group treated with both drugs as in Groups 3 and 4. Treatment regimens started following model confirmation and continued for 4 weeks. In the HCC model, we detected elevated ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) and reduced C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptosis that was accompanied by the elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) marker and deteriorated liver functions. Our original results indicated that Thymoquinone potentiated the pro-apoptotic effect of cisplatin by modulating GRP78/CHOP signaling. Cisplatin/TQ reduced the elevated GRP78 and induced CHOP-mediated apoptosis in the diseased liver tissues compared to the HCC and Cisplatin treated groups. Cisplatin/TQ combination normalized AFP levels and improved liver functions compared to both HCC and cisplatin groups alone. In conclusion, Thymoquinone enhanced the efficacy of Cisplatin in HCC treatment by modulating the GRP78/CHOP/caspase-3 pathway. Thymoquinone is recommended to achieve greater therapeutic benefits and reduce the cisplatin hepatotoxicity in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Eid Farghaly
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Akef Abdelhalim Khowailed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Safy Salah Gaber
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA, Saudi Arabia
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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Animal Models: A Useful Tool to Unveil Metabolic Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113318. [PMID: 33182674 PMCID: PMC7696782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an important health problem. At the moment, systemic therapies offered only modest clinical benefits. Thus, HCC represents a cancer extremely difficult to treat, and therapeutic breakthroughs are urgently needed. Metabolic reprogramming of neoplastic cells has been recognized as one of the core hallmarks of cancer. Experimental animal models represent an important tool that allows to investigate metabolic changes underlying HCC development and progression. In the present review, we characterize available rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that pharmacological targeting of Warburg metabolism may represent an additional tool to improve already available therapeutic approaches for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one the most frequent and lethal human cancers. At present, no effective treatment for advanced HCC exist; therefore, the overall prognosis for HCC patients remains dismal. In recent years, a better knowledge of the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of HCC development and progression, has led to the identification of novel potential targets for therapeutic strategies. However, the obtained benefits from current therapeutic options are disappointing. Altered cancer metabolism has become a topic of renewed interest in the last decades, and it has been included among the core hallmarks of cancer. In the light of growing evidence for metabolic reprogramming in cancer, a wide number of experimental animal models have been exploited to study metabolic changes characterizing HCC development and progression and to further expand our knowledge of this tumor. In the present review, we discuss several rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis, that contributed to elucidate the metabolic profile of HCC and the implications of these changes in modulating the aggressiveness of neoplastic cells. We also highlight the apparently contrasting results stemming from different animal models. Finally, we analyze whether these observations could be exploited to improve current therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Ha SY, Yeo SY, Lee KW, Kim SH. Validation of ORAOV1 as a new treatment target in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:423-433. [PMID: 33161447 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosome 11q13.2, which contains genes cyclin D1 (CCND1), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and Oral Cancer Overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1), is the most highly amplified peak in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CCND1 and FGF19 have been already suggested as therapeutic targets of HCC, but the role of ORAOV1 in carcinogenesis of HCCs has not been reported. METHODS This retrospective study investigated ORAOV1 expression using immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarray blocks obtained from 259 HCC patients with curative resection, between 2000 and 2006. We assessed the prognostic significance of ORAOV1 expression by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Also, we performed invasion, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays in HCC cell lines, and evaluated the tumorigenicity of HCC xenografts in nude mice, after knockdown of ORAOV1. RESULTS High expression of ORAOV1 protein was observed in 80% of HCC tissues. The ORAOV1 high expression group showed shorter recurrence free survival (RFS) (p < 0.001) and shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) than the low expression group. It was an independent prognostic factor for predicting early recurrence [Odds ratio 2.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-5.93), p = 0.01] as well as short RFS [hazard ratio 2.23 (95% CI 1.40-3.54), p = 0.001] and DSS [hazard ratio 2.30 (95% CI 1.27-4.17), p = 0.006]. Knockdown of ORAOV1 induced significant decreases in migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of HCC cells in in-vitro model, and inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts in nude mice. CONCLUSION We demonstrated unfavorable prognostic effect of ORAOV1 expression with supporting experimental data in HCC. ORAOV1 may be used as a biomarker for predicting HCC prognosis and is a potential candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Yeo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Hu J, Li Y, Li H, Shi F, Xie L, Zhao L, Tang M, Luo X, Jia W, Fan J, Zhou J, Gao Q, Qiu S, Wu W, Zhang X, Liao W, Bode AM, Cao Y. Targeting Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein LMP1-mediated high oxidative stress suppresses EBV lytic reactivation and sensitizes tumors to radiation therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:11921-11937. [PMID: 33204320 PMCID: PMC7667690 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating oxidative stress is a critical mechanism by which host cells defend against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Radiation resistance is a critical problem in radiotherapy against cancer. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a cancer-causing virus and its reactivation plays an important role in the development of EBV-related tumors. This study aimed to explore the inner relationship and regulatory mechanism among oxidative stress, EBV reactivation, and radioresistance and to identify new molecular subtyping models and treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. Methods: ROS, NADP+/NADPH, and GSSG/GSH were detected to evaluate the oxidative stress of cells. 8-OHdG is a reliable oxidative stress marker to evaluate the oxidative stress in patients. Its concentration in serum was detected using an ELISA method and in biopsies was detected using IHC. qPCR array was performed to evaluate the expression of essential oxidative stress genes. qPCR, Western blot, and IHC were used to measure the level of EBV reactivation in vitro and in vivo. A Rta-IgG ELISA kit and EBV DNA detection kit were used to analyze the reactivation of EBV in serum from NPC patients. NPC tumor tissue microarrays was used to investigate the prognostic role of oxidative stress and EBV reactivation. Radiation resistance was evaluated by a colony formation assay. Xenografts were treated with NAC, radiation, or a combination of NAC and radiation. EBV DNA load of tumor tissue was evaluated using an EBV DNA detection kit. Oxidative stress, EBV reactivation, and the apoptosis rate in tumor tissues were detected by using 8-OHdG, EAD, and TUNEL assays, respectively. Results: We found that EBV can induce high oxidative stress, which promotes its reactivation and thus leads to radioresistance. Basically, EBV caused NPC cells to undergo a process of 'Redox Resetting' to acquire a new redox status with higher levels of ROS accumulation and stronger antioxidant systems by increasing the expression of the ROS-producing enzyme, NOX2, and the cellular master antioxidant regulator, Nrf2. Also, EBV encoded driving protein LMP1 promotes EBV reactivation through production of ROS. Furthermore, high oxidative stress and EBV reactivation were positively associated with poor overall survival of patients following radiation therapy and were significant related to NPC patients' recurrence and clinical stage. By decreasing oxidative stress using an FDA approved antioxidant drug, NAC, sensitivity of tumors to radiation was increased. Additionally, 8-OHdG and EBV DNA could be dual prognostic markers for NPC patients. Conclusions: Oxidative stress mediates EBV reactivation and leads to radioresistance. Targeting oxidative stress can provide therapeutic benefits to cancer patients with radiation resistance. Clinically, we, for the first time, generated a molecular subtyping model for NPC relying on 8-OHdG and EBV DNA level. These dual markers could identify patients who are at a high risk of poor outcomes but who might benefit from the sequential therapy of reactive oxygen blockade followed by radiation therapy, which provides novel perspectives for the precise treatment of NPC.
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45
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Elofey SGH, Shafik NF, Radwan NH, Mansour OM, Allam RM, Shouman S, AbdelGawad IA. Relation between GSTP1 polymorphism and oxidative stress in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2020; 32:38. [PMID: 33006026 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-020-00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione can reduce the oxidative stress by converting the unstable to stable molecules and its status in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is correlated with tumor growth and metastasis. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of GSTP1 polymorphism Ile105Val (rs1695 A > G) with HCC risk, and to investigate the oxidative stress status of HCC patients by measuring the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels. This study was conducted on 99 newly diagnosed HCC patients and 80 apparently healthy individuals as a normal control group. All participants were subjected to the measurement of plasma GSH levels according to Ellman's method, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for the detection of GSTP1 polymorphismIle105Val (rs1695 A > G). RESULTS The occurrence of either the mutant homozygous or the mutant heterozygous genotype of GSTP1 was significantly higher in HCC patients, while the occurrence of the wild genotype was significantly higher among the normal control subjects. Mutant GSTP1 genotype, older age, male gender, and high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were associated with increased risk of development of HCC. The best sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value), NPV (negative predictive value), and overall diagnostic performance for plasma GSH at a cutoff level of 2003.5 μM/mg were 57.6%, 52.5%, 60%, and 40%. The area under the curve for GSH was 0.562. CONCLUSION Mutant GSTP1 genotype was an independent prognostic factor for increased HCC risk which can be used in a risk assessment model for HCC. Plasma GSH presents insufficient sensitivity and specificity for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nevine F Shafik
- The Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, NCI, Cairo, Egypt
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Romualdo GR, Prata GB, da Silva TC, Evangelista AF, Reis RM, Vinken M, Moreno FS, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF. The combination of coffee compounds attenuates early fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in mice: involvement of miRNA profile modulation. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108479. [PMID: 32795656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA expression implicates on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Conversely, coffee consumption reduces by ~40% the risk for fibrosis/cirrhosis and HCC, while decaffeinated coffee does not. It is currently unknown whether these protective effects are related to caffeine (CAF), or to its combination with other common and/or highly bioavailable coffee compounds, such as trigonelline (TRI) and chlorogenic acid (CGA). We evaluated whether CAF individually or combined with TRI and/or CGA alleviates fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, examining the involvement of miRNA profile modulation. Then, male C3H/HeJ mice were submitted to a diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced model. Animals received CAF (50 mg/kg), CAF+TRI (50 and 25 mg/kg), CAF+CGA (50 and 25 mg/kg) or CAF+TRI+CGA (50, 25 and 25 mg/kg), intragastrically, 5×/week, for 10 weeks. Only CAF+TRI+CGA combination reduced the incidence, number and proliferation (Ki-67) of hepatocellular preneoplastic foci while enhanced apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in adjacent parenchyma. CAF+TRI+CGA treatment also decreased hepatic oxidative stress and enhanced the antioxidant Nrf2 axis. CAF+TRI+CGA had the most pronounced effects on decreasing hepatic pro-inflammatory IL-17 and NFκB, contributing to reduce CD68-positive macrophage number, stellate cell activation, and collagen deposition. In agreement, CAF+TRI+CGA upregulated tumor suppressors miR-144-3p, miR-376a-3p and antifibrotic miR-15b-5p, frequently deregulated in human HCC. CAF+TRI+CGA reduced the hepatic protein levels of pro-proliferative EGFR (miR-144-3p target), antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members (miR-15b-5p targets), and the number of PCNA (miR-376a-3p target) positive hepatocytes in preneoplastic foci. Our results suggest that the combination of most common and highly bioavailable coffee compounds, rather than CAF individually, attenuates fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating miRNA expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, - SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, - SP, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, - SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, - SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, - SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, - SP, Brazil.
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Mossenta M, Busato D, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role and Possible Implications in Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1668. [PMID: 32585931 PMCID: PMC7352479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism is redirected to glycolysis to enhance the production of metabolic compounds employed by cancer cells to produce proteins, lipids, and nucleotides in order to maintain a high proliferative rate. This mechanism drives towards uncontrolled growth and causes a further increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to cell death. HCC overcomes the problem generated by ROS increase by increasing the antioxidant machinery, in which key mechanisms involve glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α). These mechanisms could represent optimal targets for innovative therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a key role in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Various metabolic machineries modulate the activity of immune cells in the TME. The deregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells could impair antitumor response. Lactic acid-lactate, derived from the anaerobic glycolytic rate of tumor cells, as well as adenosine, derived from the catabolism of ATP, have an immunosuppressive activity. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME via targeted therapies could enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the metabolic pathways mainly involved in the HCC pathogenesis and progression. The potential targets for HCC treatment involved in these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
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Hashim Z, Ilyas A, Zarina S. Therapeutic effect of hydrogen peroxide via altered expression of glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:258-265. [PMID: 32284258 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and mortality that epitomizes one of the prominent causes of cancer-related death globally. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore required. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for maintaining cell cycle. Although ROS is involved in HCC progression, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has anti-proliferative effect on HCC. METHOD HCC Huh-7 cells were cultured and incubated with various concentrations of H2O2. Paraoxonase activity, levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione and protein oxidation were measured in treated and untreated Huh-7 cells. Furthermore, untreated and treated Huh-7 cells were subjected to two dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified protein spots which were differentially expressed by LC-MS/MS analysis. qRT-PCR was performed to validate the identified proteins. RESULTS H2O2 depleted glutathione (GSH) with the concomitant up-regulation of GSTP1 and Prx2. H2O2 also increased malondialdehyde and protein oxidation, decreased the activity of paraoxonase in Huh-7 cells. CONCLUSION H2O2 could be used as a novel therapeutic agent that might be beneficial in inducing cell cytotoxicity and hence suppress HCC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Hashim
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Amber Ilyas
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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The Anticarcinogenic Effect of the Apple Polyphenol Phloretin in an Experimental Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Cytoprotective effects of (E)-N-(2-(3, 5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (BK3C231) against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced damage in CCD-18Co human colon fibroblast cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223344. [PMID: 32365104 PMCID: PMC7197815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are a group of chemicals characterized with the presence of 1,2-diphenylethylene. Previously, our group has demonstrated that synthesized (E)-N-(2-(3, 5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (BK3C231) possesses potential chemopreventive activity specifically inducing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protein expression and activity. In this study, the cytoprotective effects of BK3C231 on cellular DNA and mitochondria were investigated in normal human colon fibroblast, CCD-18Co cells. The cells were pretreated with BK3C231 prior to exposure to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). BK3C231 was able to inhibit 4NQO-induced cytotoxicity. Cells treated with 4NQO alone caused high level of DNA and mitochondrial damages. However, pretreatment with BK3C231 protected against these damages by reducing DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation as well as decreasing losses of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cardiolipin. Interestingly, our study has demonstrated that nitrosative stress instead of oxidative stress was involved in 4NQO-induced DNA and mitochondrial damages. Inhibition of 4NQO-induced nitrosative stress by BK3C231 was observed through a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) level and an increase in glutathione (GSH) level. These new findings elucidate the cytoprotective potential of BK3C231 in human colon fibroblast CCD-18Co cell model which warrants further investigation into its chemopreventive role.
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