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Khamis AA, Ali EMM, Salim EI, El-Moneim MAA. Synergistic effects of bee venom, hesperidin, and piperine with tamoxifen on apoptotic and angiogenesis biomarker molecules against xerographic MCF-7 injected rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1510. [PMID: 38233443 PMCID: PMC10794414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the second leading most significant of mortality for women. Studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of natural compounds in cancer treatment and prevention, either in isolation or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In order to improve Tamoxifen's therapeutic efficacy in in-vivo studies, our research sought to determine the effects of hesperidin, piperine, and bee venom as natural compounds, as well as their combination effect with or without Tamoxifen. First, 132 female albino rats were equally divided into six groups and five subgroups, and breast cancer was induced in the selected groups by xenografting of MCF7 cells. Second, the effect of single and best ratio combinations treatment from previous in vitro studies were selected. Next, tumorous mammary glands were collected for apoptotic and antiapoptotic biomarkers and cell cycle analysis. Single or combined natural products with or without Tamoxifen revealed a significant up-regulation in apoptotic genes Bax and Casp3 and a downregulation of antiapoptotic and angiogenesis genes Bcl-2 and VEGF genes. We found that cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase was exclusively caused by Tamoxifen and/ or hesperidin. However, the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase is a result of the combination of piperine and bee venom, with or without Tamoxifen by using the flow cytometric technique. Our research concludes that bee venom, hesperidin, and piperine can synergistically enhance to increase Tamoxifen's efficiency in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I Salim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Moneim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
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Gupta A, Jamal A, Jamil DA, Al-Aubaidy HA. A systematic review exploring the mechanisms by which citrus bioflavonoid supplementation benefits blood glucose levels and metabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102884. [PMID: 37939436 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus bioflavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are derived from citrus fruits and vegetables. Although they are well known for their powerful antioxidant properties, their effects on glycemic control are not well understood. This review aims to highlight the potential benefits of using citrus bioflavonoids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its metabolic complications, as well as the medicinal effects of known subclasses of naturally occurring citrus bioflavonoids. METHODS In this systematic review, a survey of studies was conducted from January 2012 to February 2023 using various databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus) to determine the effects of citrus bioflavonoid supplementation on reducing oxidative stress, improving lipid profiles, and glycemic index in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as the proposed mechanisms of action. RESULTS The results of the survey indicate that citrus bioflavonoids may have a positive impact on reducing oxidative stress levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to reducing oxidative stress, citrus bioflavonoids may also have a positive impact on other markers of diabetes. For example, studies have shown that they can reduce non-enzymatic protein glycation, which is a process that occurs when glucose molecules bind to proteins in the body. CONCLUSION The reduction in oxidative stress that can be achieved using citrus bioflavonoids may help to maintain antioxidant levels in the body, thereby reducing the severity of diabetes and its complications. These findings suggest that citrus bioflavonoids may be a useful complementary therapy for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Abdulsatar Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Dina A Jamil
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; New Medical Education Australia, Brisbane, QLD, 4007, Australia
| | - Hayder A Al-Aubaidy
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; New Medical Education Australia, Brisbane, QLD, 4007, Australia.
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Nagayama S, Aoki K, Komine S, Arai N, Endo S, Ohmori H. Improvement of low-intensity long-time running performance in rats by intake of glucosyl hesperidin. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15413. [PMID: 36708512 PMCID: PMC9884111 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of ergogenic aids in sports by both athletes and fans has increased. Moreover, the overall demand for new ergogenic aids has increased. Hesperidin is a polyphenol that is useful for improving exercise performance by activating energy generation through β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscles. However, it is difficult to use this compound as an ergogenic aid because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Glucosyl hesperidin is formed when one molecule of glucose is transferred to hesperidin via glycosyl-transferase. It is 10,000× more soluble and has 3.7× higher bioavailability than hesperidin. In this study, we assessed whether continuous (14 days) intake of glucosyl hesperidin improves the aerobic exercise capacity of rats during long-term acute exercise. Although glucosyl hesperidin intake did not improve the performance of high-intensity running (30 m/min), we did observe improvement in low-intensity running (15 m/min) (p < 0.05). We demonstrate that in sedentary rats, glucosyl hesperidin intake increased β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Glucosyl hesperidin intake may have created a metabolic state useful for long-term exercise. In conclusion, the continuous intake of glucosyl hesperidin improved the aerobic exercise capacity of rats during long-term acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suminori Nagayama
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kai Aoki
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceKojimachi Business Center BuildingChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Shoichi Komine
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Human CareTeikyo Heisei UniversityToshima‐kuTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Hajime Ohmori
- University of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Department of Sports and Health Management, Faculty of Business Information SciencesJobu UniversityIsesakiGunmaJapan
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Estruel-Amades S, Massot-Cladera M, Franch À, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Rat Mucosal Immunity following an Intensive Chronic Training and an Exhausting Exercise: Effect of Hesperidin Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010133. [PMID: 36615791 PMCID: PMC9824398 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful situations such as a high-intensity exercise or exhausting training programs can act as immune disruptors leading to transitory immunodepression status, which can be accompanied by alterations of the gastrointestinal functions. Hesperidin intake has demonstrated ergogenic activity and is able to influence the intestinal ecosystem and immunity. We aimed to investigate the effect of hesperidin consumption in rats submitted to an intense training and a final exhaustion test, focusing on the functionality of the intestinal immune system and on the cecal microbiota. Rats, supplemented or not with hesperidin, were intensively trained on a treadmill for 5 weeks. Samples were obtained 24 h after a regular training session, and immediately and 24 h after a final exhaustion test. Cecal microbiota and composition and function of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were determined. Results showed that chronic intense exercise followed by an exhausting test induced changes in the intestinal immune compartment such as the distribution and function of MLN lymphocytes. Although the hesperidin supplementation did not prevent these alterations, it was able to enhance IgA synthesis in the intestinal compartment. This could be important in enhancing the immune intestinal barrier in this stressful situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-934-024-505 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-934-024-505 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Massot-Cladera M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Influence of Diets Enriched with Flavonoids (Cocoa and Hesperidin) on the Systemic Immunity of Intensively Trained and Exhausted Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121893. [PMID: 36551321 PMCID: PMC9775336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the influence of flavonoid-enriched diets on the immune alterations induced by an intensive training and a final exhaustion test in rats. A flavanol-enriched diet (with 10% cocoa, C10 diet) and a flavanol and flavanone-enriched diet (C10 plus 0.5% hesperidin, CH diet) were used. Lewis rats were fed either a standard diet, C10 diet or CH diet while they were submitted to an intensive running training on a treadmill. After 6 weeks, samples were obtained 24 h after performing a regular training (T groups) and after carrying out a final exhaustion test (TE groups). The C10 diet attenuated the increase in plasma cortisol induced by exhaustion, while both the C10 and the CH diets prevented the alterations in the spleen Th cell proportion. The experimental diets also induced an increase in serum immunoglobulin concentration and an enhancement of spleen natural killer cytotoxicity, which may be beneficial in situations with a weakened immunity. Most of the effects observed in the CH groups seem to be due to the cocoa content. Overall, a dietary intervention with flavonoids enhances immune function, partially attenuating the alterations in systemic immunity induced by intensive training or exhausting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.)
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Does Flavonoid Consumption Improve Exercise Performance? Is It Related to Changes in the Immune System and Inflammatory Biomarkers? A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies since 2005. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041132. [PMID: 33808153 PMCID: PMC8065858 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes’ performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.
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Macedo NCD, Iessi IL, Gallego FQ, Netto AO, Sinzato YK, Volpato GT, Zambrano E, Damasceno DC. Swimming Program on Mildly Diabetic Rats in Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2223-2235. [PMID: 33515208 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to confirm if the moderate-intensity swimming has successful glycemic control and non-toxic oxidative stress levels and to verify the influence on pancreatic adaptations, embryo implantation, and placental efficiency. Female Wistar rats were randomly distributed to obtain mildly diabetic by streptozotocin induction at birth and the non-diabetic females given vehicle. At adulthood, pregnant rats were put at random into sedentary non-diabetic rats (ND); exercise non-diabetic rats (NDEx); sedentary diabetic rats (D); and exercise diabetic rats (DEx). The rats of the groups submitted to moderate intensity carried loads equivalent to 4% of body weight. On day 17 of gestational day, all rats were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Next day (GD18), the rats were anesthetized and killed to count implantation sites and to collect placentas, blood, and muscle samples for biochemical biomarkers and pancreas for immunohistochemical analysis. The moderate exercise used was not sufficient to stimulate the aerobic pathway but presented positive results on glucose metabolism, lower embryo postimplantation loss, and pancreatic morphology compared with the sedentary diabetic group. However, the DEx group showed muscular damage, decreased antioxidant defense, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, the moderate-intensity exercise reduces glycemic levels during OGTT and causes no damage to non-diabetic rats related to other analyzed parameters in this study. The exercised diabetic rats present better glycemic metabolism in OGTT, islet pancreatic morphology, and embryofetal development. However, it is necessary an adjustment in this exercise intensity to improve the effectiveness of aerobic training for reduction of maternal muscular and lipid membrane damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália C D Macedo
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isabela L Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Q Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Aline O Netto
- Southwest Paulista University Center (Unifsp), Itapetininga, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Cuidad de México, México
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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van Iersel LE, Stevens YR, Conchillo JM, Troost FJ. The effect of citrus flavonoid extract supplementation on anaerobic capacity in moderately trained athletes: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:2. [PMID: 33407631 PMCID: PMC7789554 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional supplementation is commonly used by athletes to improve their exercise performance. Previous studies demonstrated that citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) supplementation may be an effective strategy to improve exercise performance in male athletes. Yet, no conclusive research has been performed to investigate the effect of chronic CFE supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess whether CFE supplementation in daily dosages of 400 and 500 mg for a period of 4 and 8 weeks improves anaerobic exercise capacity. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel clinical study was conducted in 92 moderately trained healthy men and women. Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg of CFE (n = 30), 500 mg of CFE (n = 31) or placebo (n = 31) daily, for 8 consecutive weeks. The Wingate anaerobic test was used to assess anaerobic exercise capacity and power output at baseline, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks supplementation, average power output significantly increased in the 400 mg group (Estimated difference [ED] = 38.2 W [18.0, 58.3]; p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.27) and in the 500 mg group (ED = 21.2 W [0.91, 41.4]; p = 0.041; ES = 0.15) compared to placebo. The 5 s peak power output was also increased in the 400 mg group (ED = 53.6 [9.96, 97.2]; p = 0.017; ES = 0.25) after 4 weeks compared to placebo. After 8 weeks of supplementation, average power output was significantly improved in the group receiving 400 mg of CFE (ED = 31.6 [8.33, 54.8]; p = 0.008; ES = 0.22) compared to placebo. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CFE supplementation improved anaerobic capacity and peak power during high intensity exercise in moderately trained individuals. Further research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms that are affected by CFE supplementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03044444 ). Registered 7 February 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke E van Iersel
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yala R Stevens
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jose M Conchillo
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, 5911 BV, Venlo, The Netherlands
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Effects of 8 Weeks of 2S-Hesperidin Supplementation on Performance in Amateur Cyclists. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123911. [PMID: 33371483 PMCID: PMC7767530 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
2S-Hesperidin is a flavanone (flavonoid) found in high concentrations in citrus fruits. It has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improving performance in animals. This study investigated the effects of chronic intake of an orange extract (2S-hesperidin) or placebo on non-oxidative/glycolytic and oxidative metabolism markers and performance markers in amateur cyclists. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out between late September and December 2018. Forty amateur cyclists were randomized into two groups: one taking 500 mg/day 2S-hesperidin and the other taking 500 mg/day placebo (microcellulose) for eight weeks. All participants completed the study. An incremental test was used to evaluate performance, and a step test was used to measure oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide, efficiency and oxidation of carbohydrates and fat by indirect calorimetry. The anaerobic power (non-oxidative) was determined using Wingate tests (30 s). After eight weeks supplementation, there was an increase in the incremental test in estimated functional threshold power (FTP) (3.2%; p ≤ 0.05) and maximum power (2.7%; p ≤ 0.05) with 2S-hesperdin compared to placebo. In the step test, there was a decrease in VO2 (L/min) (−8.3%; p ≤ 0.01) and VO2R (mL/kg/min) (−8.9%; p ≤ 0.01) at VT2 in placebo. However, there were no differences between groups. In the Wingate test, there was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in peak and relative power in both groups, but without differences between groups. Supplementation with an orange extract (2S-hesperdin) 500 mg/day improves estimated FTP and maximum power performance in amateur cyclists.
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Low doses of eriocitrin attenuate metabolic impairment of glucose and lipids in ongoing obesogenic diet in mice. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e59. [PMID: 33489104 PMCID: PMC7801930 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriocitrin is a citrus flavonoid with a high capacity to reduce the oxidative stress related to metabolic disorders and obesity. We assessed the effects of low doses of eriocitrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism of glucose and lipids of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into five groups (n 10). The mice were fed an HFD (45 % kcal from fat, i.e. lard) for 4 weeks for obesity induction. After this period, the mice continued receiving the same HFD, but supplemented with eriocitrin at 10, 25 or 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) for an additional 4 weeks. Control groups were fed with standard diet (10 % kcal of fat, i.e. soy oil) or with HFD without eriocitrin, for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the study, mice supplemented with eriocitrin showed lower levels of blood serum glucose and blood and liver triacylglycerols (P < 0⋅05). There was also improved levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, total-cholesterol, resistin and lipid peroxidation in the supplemented mice. It was concluded that the 25 mg dose of eriocitrin improved all the parameters studied and had positive effects on oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and metabolism of lipids and glucose in general.
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Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051291. [PMID: 32369998 PMCID: PMC7282260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.
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Martínez-Noguera FJ, Marín-Pagán C, Carlos-Vivas J, Rubio-Arias JA, Alcaraz PE. Acute Effects of Hesperidin in Oxidant/Antioxidant State Markers and Performance in Amateur Cyclists. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081898. [PMID: 31416212 PMCID: PMC6723516 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that Hesperidin has the ability to modulate antioxidant and inflammatory state and to improve aerobic performance. The main objective of this study was to assess whether the acute intake of 500 mg of 2S-Hesperidin (Cardiose®) improves antioxidant status, metabolism, and athletic performance, during and after a rectangular test (aerobic and anaerobic effort). For this, a crossover design was used in 15 cyclists (>1 year of training), with one week of washout between placebo and Cardiose® supplementation. After the intervention, significant differences in average power (+2.27%, p = 0.023), maximum speed (+3.23%, p = 0.043) and total energy (∑ 4 sprint test) (+2.64%, p = 0.028) between Cardiose® and placebo were found in the best data of the repeated sprint test. Small changes were also observed in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione concentration and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, as well as the lipoperoxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), at different points of the rectangular test, although not significant. Our findings showed improvements in anaerobic performance after Cardiose® intake, but not in placebo, suggesting the potential benefits of using Cardiose® in sports with a high anaerobic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Marín-Pagán
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Xuguang H, Aofei T, Tao L, Longyan Z, Weijian B, Jiao G. Hesperidin ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating the IRS1-GLUT2 pathway via TLR4 in HepG2 cells. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1697-1705. [PMID: 31074547 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanism of hesperidin (HES) on insulin resistance (IR) in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells). HepG2 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of IR and treated with HES at three dosages. Next, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the glucose content, and glucose uptake were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, glucose oxidase-peroxidase method (GOD-POD), or (2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose) (2-NBDG). Moreover, the protein expression of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in HepG2 cells treated with HES were assessed via western blotting analysis. In addition, GLUT2 protein expression exposed to HES was detected following treatment with TLR4 inhibitor (HTA125). Our results demonstrated that HES decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, attenuated the glucose content in culture medium and increased glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro. Moreover, HES upregulated the expression of IRS1 and GLUT2 protein and downregulated the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The expression of GLUT2 protein had no significant changes when treated with HES after blockade of TLR4. HES attenuated IR in LPS-inducedinsulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Therefore, regulating the IRS1-GLUT2 pathway via TLR4 represents a potential mechanism of HES on IR in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xuguang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Aofei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Tao
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Longyan
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Weijian
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Jiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Estruel-Amades S, Massot-Cladera M, Garcia-Cerdà P, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À, Castell M, Camps-Bossacoma M. Protective Effect of Hesperidin on the Oxidative Stress Induced by an Exhausting Exercise in Intensively Trained Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040783. [PMID: 30987366 PMCID: PMC6520900 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive exercise can lead to oxidative stress, which can be particularly deleterious for lymphoid tissues. Hesperidin has demonstrated its antioxidant activity, but few studies focus on its influence on intensive training. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hesperidin on the oxidant/antioxidant status of lymphoid tissues after an intensive training program. Wistar rats were trained for five weeks (five days per week), including two exhaustion tests plus three trainings per week. During this period, animals were orally administrated with 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle (three days per week). The oxidative status was determined before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional exhaustion test. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peritoneal macrophages, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in spleen, thymus and liver, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were assessed. Hesperidin prevented an increase in ROS production induced by the additional exhaustion test. Likewise, hesperidin avoided a decrease in SOD and catalase activities in the thymus and spleen that was found after the additional exhaustion test. The antioxidant effects of hesperidin were associated with a higher performance in the assessed training model. These results suggest that hesperidin, acting as an antioxidant, can prevent oxidative stress induced by exercise and improve exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Estruel-Amades
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Pau Garcia-Cerdà
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin on Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats: Biochemical, Pathologic, and Histomorphometric Analysis. World Neurosurg 2019; 122:e1332-e1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mosqueda-Solís A, Sánchez J, Portillo MP, Palou A, Picó C. Combination of Capsaicin and Hesperidin Reduces the Effectiveness of Each Compound To Decrease the Adipocyte Size and To Induce Browning Features in Adipose Tissue of Western Diet Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9679-9689. [PMID: 30183290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential of hesperidin and capsaicin, separately and in combination, to induce white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and to help body weight management in Western diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats were fed for 8 weeks with Western diet and treated daily with hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day), capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day), hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day) + capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day), or the vehicle. Hesperidin and capsaicin separately, but not (or to a lesser extent) the combination, resulted in a decreased size of adipocytes and induced emergence of multilocular brown-like adipocytes positive for UCP1 and CIDEA in retroperitoneal WAT. Expression levels of browning markers, such as Prdm16, in inguinal WAT also increased with capsaicin treatment compared with the vehicle (145% ± 17% vs 92% ± 21%, P < 0.05), but no significant effects were found with the combination (106% ± 12%). Thus, the combination of both bioactives reduces the effectiveness of each compound to decrease the adipocyte size and induce WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria , Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group) , University of the Balearic Islands , 07122 Palma , Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears , 07010 Palma , Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Madrid , Spain
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Gonçalves TT, Lazaro CM, De Mateo FG, Campos MC, Mezencio JG, Claudino MA, de O Carvalho P, Webb RC, Priviero FB. Effects of glucosyl-hesperidin and physical training on body weight, plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular reactivity of rats fed with high-fat diet. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:321-332. [PMID: 30013377 PMCID: PMC6037267 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with glucosyl hesperidin (GH), with or without physical training, on body weight, fat depot, glucose and plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular function of rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed with an HFD plus fructose for 12 weeks and started receiving oral antioxidant supplementation and/or physical training after the fourth week of diet for eight further weeks. Body weight, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat, plasma glucose and lipids, oxidative status and mesenteric artery reactivity were evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with HFD presented higher body weight gain and fat accumulation compared to control rats, while GH supplementation did not influence these parameters. Physical training reduced the body weight gain and fat accumulation and modulated the oxidative status by increasing superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation. GH alone decreased lipid peroxidation. However, when given to exercised rats, it impaired the response elicited by physical training. HFD caused endothelial dysfunction, and neither GH nor physical exercise prevented it. Potency of sodium nitroprusside was increased in exercised animals but not in GH-supplemented rats. CONCLUSION Physical exercise partially decreased the body fat accumulation, decreased plasma levels of glucose and lipids and improved general oxidative status and endothelium-independent relaxation in mesenteric arteries of rats fed with HFD. GH exhibited benefits only in the oxidative status. However, GH given in association with physical exercise did not cause further changes in addition to those promoted by physical exercise. On the contrary, in exercised animals, GH prevented those changes elicited by physical training in plasma glucose and lipids, oxidative status and endothelium-independent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Tomazini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Carolina M Lazaro
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Fernanda G De Mateo
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Marcela Cb Campos
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Jackeline Gb Mezencio
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Mario A Claudino
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Patrícia de O Carvalho
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,
| | - Fernanda Bm Priviero
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,
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Ferreira PS, Spolidorio LC, Manthey JA, Cesar TB. Citrus flavanones prevent systemic inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet. Food Funct 2016; 7:2675-81. [PMID: 27182608 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavanones hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol were investigated for their prevention of the oxidative stress and systemic inflammation caused by high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. The mice received a standard diet (9.5% kcal from fat), high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet supplemented with hesperidin, eriocitrin or eriodictyol for a period of four weeks. Hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol increased the serum total antioxidant capacity, and restrained the elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In addition, the liver TBARS levels and spleen mass (g per kg body weight) were lower for the flavanone-treated mice than in the unsupplemented mice. Eriocitrin and eriodictyol reduced TBARS levels in the blood serum, and hesperidin and eriodictyol also reduced fat accumulation and liver damage. The results showed that hesperidin, eriocitrin and eriodictyol had protective effects against inflammation and oxidative stress caused by high-fat diet in mice, and may therefore prevent metabolic alterations associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Rodovia Araraquara - Jau, km 1, Araraquara, SP 14802-901, Brazil.
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19
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Ezeukwu AO, Agwubike EO, Uadia PO. Differential Effects of Continuous and Interval Exercise Training on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in the Non-Obese Young Male. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:337-44. [PMID: 27122890 DOI: 10.6515/acs20150319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of atherogenicity is known to be influenced by exercise. However, appropriate exercise stimulus necessary to generate the response and adaptation in sedentary non-obese individuals has not yet been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of an 8-week continuous training and corresponding interval training on the atherogenic index of plasma in sedentary Nigerian males. METHODS Overall, there were 54 male university students that participated in our study, which used a pretest- posttest control group design. Participants (18 males per group) were assigned into continuous, interval and control groups respectively. During the first two weeks, training was done 3 times weekly for 30 minutes each day, and was increased by 5 minutes every 2 weeks. Continuous training was done at 70-84% of heart rate reserve. Interval training was done at 70-84%/30-39% heart rate reserve in 1:2 minutes work/rest intervals, respectively. The control group did not participate in the training. Data collected were analysed using descriptive, paired t-test, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. RESULTS Young sedentary non-obese males were at high risk (atherogenic index of plasma > 0.24) of cardiovascular diseases/conditions. However, continuous training led to significant reductions (p = 0.002) in the atherogenic index of plasma. In contrast, non-significant increase (p = 0.084) followed interval training. After controlling for baseline values, only continuous training still had significant effects on atherogenic index of plasma when compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS Continuous training of vigorous intensity is better than a corresponding interval training protocol as a natural anti-atherogenic method of reducing risk of cardiovascular event in sedentary non-obese males. KEY WORDS Atherogenicity; Cholesterol; Exercise; Training; Vigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick O Uadia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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20
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de Souza VT, de Franco ÉPD, de Araújo MEMB, Messias MCF, Priviero FBM, Frankland Sawaya ACH, de Oliveira Carvalho P. Characterization of the antioxidant activity of aglycone and glycosylated derivatives of hesperetin: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Mol Recognit 2015; 29:80-7. [PMID: 26370929 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids are mainly present in Citrus fruits as their glycosyl derivatives. This study was conducted comparing in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the aglycone hesperetin and its glycosylated forms (hesperidin and G-hesperidin) and their effects on the plasma lipid profile and the oxidative-antioxidative system (TBARS and antioxidant enzymes) in rats. The concentrations of the major conjugated metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of these compounds were also determined. Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=6) supplemented for 30 days with 1 mmol/kg body mass of hesperetin, hesperidin or G-hesperidin. Hesperetin was a stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50=53 μM and Ki=17.3 μM) than the glycosylate derivatives. Supplementation with the three compounds led to a lower (more favorable) atherogenic index, and an antioxidant preventive effect from the increase of hepatic superoxide dismutase was observed associated to HT supplementation, possibly because of the higher level of hesperetin-glucuronide in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Trícoli de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Élida Paula Dini de Franco
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Melo Branco de Araújo
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Fernandes Messias
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bruschi Marinho Priviero
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Chen WC, Huang WC, Chiu CC, Chang YK, Huang CC. Whey protein improves exercise performance and biochemical profiles in trained mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 46:1517-24. [PMID: 24504433 PMCID: PMC4186725 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to verify the beneficial effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation on health promotion and enhance exercise performance in an aerobic-exercise training protocol. Methods In total, 40 male Institute of Cancer Research mice (4 wk old) were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary control with vehicle (SC) or WP supplementation (4.1 g·kg−1, SC + WP), and exercise training with vehicle (ET) or WP supplementation (4.1 g·kg−1, ET + WP). Animals in the ET and ET + WP groups underwent swimming endurance training for 6 wk, 5 d·wk−1. Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time as well as by changes in body composition and biochemical parameters at the end of the experiment. Results ET significantly decreased final body and muscle weight and levels of albumin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol. ET significantly increased grip strength; relative weight (%) of liver, heart, and brown adipose tissue (BAT); and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and total bilirubin. WP supplementation significantly decreased final body, muscle, liver, BAT, and kidney weight and relative weight (%) of muscle, liver, and BAT as well as levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and uric acid. In addition, WP supplementation slightly increased endurance time and significantly increased grip strength and levels of albumin and total protein. Conclusion WP supplementation improved exercise performance, body composition, and biochemical assessments in mice and may be an effective ergogenic aid in aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chyuan Chen
- 1Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, TAIWAN; 2Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, TAIWAN; and 3Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, TAIWAN
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Man G, Mauro TM, Kim PL, Hupe M, Zhai Y, Sun R, Crumrine D, Cheung C, Nuno-Gonzalez A, Elias PM, Man MQ. Topical hesperidin prevents glucocorticoid-induced abnormalities in epidermal barrier function in murine skin. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:645-51. [PMID: 24980072 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic and topical glucocorticoids (GC) can cause significant adverse effects not only on the dermis, but also on epidermal structure and function. In epidermis, a striking GC-induced alteration in permeability barrier function occurs that can be attributed to an inhibition of epidermal mitogenesis, differentiation and lipid production. As prior studies in normal hairless mice demonstrated that topical applications of a flavonoid ingredient found in citrus, hesperidin, improve epidermal barrier function by stimulating epidermal proliferation and differentiation, we assessed here whether its topical applications could prevent GC-induced changes in epidermal function in murine skin and the basis for such effects. When hairless mice were co-treated topically with GC and 2% hesperidin twice-daily for 9 days, hesperidin co-applications prevented the expected GC-induced impairments of epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis and stratum corneum (SC) acidification. These preventive effects could be attributed to a significant increase in filaggrin expression, enhanced epidermal β-glucocerebrosidase activity and accelerated lamellar bilayer maturation, the last two likely attributable to a hesperidin-induced reduction in stratum corneum pH. Furthermore, co-applications of hesperidin with GC largely prevented the expected GC-induced inhibition of epidermal proliferation. Finally, topical hesperidin increased epidermal glutathione reductase mRNA expression, which could counteract multiple functional negative effects of GC on epidermis. Together, these results show that topical hesperidin prevents GC-induced epidermal side effects by divergent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Munir KM, Chandrasekaran S, Gao F, Quon MJ. Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E679-86. [PMID: 23900418 PMCID: PMC4073986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The rising epidemic of diabetes is a pressing issue in clinical medicine worldwide from both healthcare and economic perspectives. This is fueled by overwhelming increases in the incidence and prevalence of obesity. Obesity and diabetes are characterized by both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction that lead to substantial increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction tightly link metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes with their cardiovascular complications. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that target either insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction alone are likely to simultaneously improve both metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology and disease outcomes. Moreover, combination therapies with agents targeting distinct mechanisms are likely to have additive or synergistic benefits. Conventional therapies for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications that are both safe and effective are insufficient to meet rising demand. Large, robust, epidemiologic studies demonstrate beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular health effects for many functional foods containing various polyphenols. However, precise molecular mechanisms of action for food polyphenols are largely unknown. Moreover, translation of these insights into effective clinical therapies has not been fully realized. Nevertheless, some functional foods are likely sources for safe and effective therapies and preventative strategies for metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications. In this review, we emphasize recent progress in elucidating molecular, cellular, and physiological actions of polyphenols from green tea (EGCG), cocoa (ECG), and citrus fruits (hesperedin) that are related to improving metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology. We also discuss a rigorous comprehensive approach to studying functional foods that is essential for developing novel, effective, and safe medications derived from functional foods that will complement existing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif M Munir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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