1
|
Fricke LC, Lindsey ARI. Examining Wolbachia-Induced Parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2739:55-68. [PMID: 38006545 PMCID: PMC11216367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3553-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The maternally transmitted reproductive manipulator Wolbachia can impact sex ratios of its arthropod host by different mechanisms, ultimately promoting the spread of infection across a population. One of these reproductive phenotypes, parthenogenesis induction (PI), is characterized by the asexual production of female offspring, which in many cases results in an entirely female population. Cases of Wolbachia-mediated PI are most common in the order Hymenoptera, specifically in parasitoid wasps. The complex sex determination pathways of hymenopterans, their diverse life histories, the multiple cytogenetic mechanisms of PI, and the lack of males make functional studies of parthenogenesis induction challenging. Here, we describe the mechanisms of PI, outline methods to recognize and cure PI-Wolbachia infection, and note possible complications when working with PI-Wolbachia strains and their parthenogenetic hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Fricke
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodrigues J, Lefoulon E, Gavotte L, Perillat-Sanguinet M, Makepeace B, Martin C, D'Haese CA. Wolbachia springs eternal: symbiosis in Collembola is associated with host ecology. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230288. [PMID: 37266040 PMCID: PMC10230187 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia are endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacteria infecting a wide range of arthropods and nematode hosts with diverse interactions, from reproductive parasites to obligate mutualists. Their taxonomy is defined by lineages called supergroups (labelled by letters of the alphabet), while their evolutionary history is complex, with multiple horizontal transfers and secondary losses. One of the least recently derived, supergroup E, infects springtails (Collembola), widely distributed hexapods, with sexual and/or parthenogenetic populations depending on species. To better characterize the diversity of Wolbachia infecting springtails, the presence of Wolbachia was screened in 58 species. Eleven (20%) species were found to be positive, with three Wolbachia genotypes identified for the first time in supergroup A. The novel genotypes infect springtails ecologically and biologically different from those infected by supergroup E. To root the Wolbachia phylogeny, rather than distant other Rickettsiales, supergroup L infecting plant-parasitic nematodes was used here. We hypothesize that the ancestor of Wolbachia was consumed by soil-dwelling nematodes, and was transferred horizontally via plants into aphids, which then infected edaphic arthropods (e.g. springtails and oribatid mites) before expanding into most clades of terrestrial arthropods and filarial nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Rodrigues
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lefoulon
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Makepeace
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiwary A, Babu R, Sen R, Raychoudhury R. Bacterial supergroup-specific "cost" of Wolbachia infections in Nasonia vitripennis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9219. [PMID: 36172295 PMCID: PMC9468909 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternally inherited endosymbiont, Wolbachia, is known to alter the reproductive biology of its arthropod hosts for its own benefit and can induce both positive and negative fitness effects in many hosts. Here, we describe the effects of the maintenance of two distinct Wolbachia infections, one each from supergroups A and B, on the parasitoid host Nasonia vitripennis. We compare the effect of Wolbachia infections on various traits between the uninfected, single A-infected, single B-infected, and double-infected lines with their cured versions. Contrary to some previous reports, our results suggest that there is a significant cost associated with the maintenance of Wolbachia infections where traits such as family size, fecundity, longevity, and rates of male copulation are compromised in Wolbachia-infected lines. The double Wolbachia infection has the most detrimental impact on the host as compared to single infections. Moreover, there is a supergroup-specific negative impact on these wasps as the supergroup B infection elicits the most pronounced negative effects. These negative effects can be attributed to a higher Wolbachia titer seen in the double and the single supergroup B infection lines when compared to supergroup A. Our findings raise important questions on the mechanism of survival and maintenance of these reproductive parasites in arthropod hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Tiwary
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali)PunjabIndia
| | - Rahul Babu
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali)PunjabIndia
- Zoological Survey of IndiaKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Ruchira Sen
- Sri Guru Gobind Singh CollegeChandigarhIndia
| | - Rhitoban Raychoudhury
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali)PunjabIndia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Tetracycline Hydrochloride on the Biological Characteristics and Wolbachia Titer in Parthenogenesis Trichogramma pretiosum. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060559. [PMID: 35735896 PMCID: PMC9225629 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Trichogramma pretiosum is an important natural enemy of lepidopteran pests. Wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont that induces parthenogenesis in the parasitoid T. pretiosum. Tetracycline antibiotics are widely used to remove endosymbiont Wolbachia from insect hosts. However, the sublethal effects of tetracycline on the development of T. pretiosum and the population dynamic of Wolbachia in T. pretiosum are still unclear. In our present study, after treatment with sublethal concentrations of tetracycline over ten generations, the biological parameters (longevity, parasitized eggs, and fecundity) of treated females and the percentage of female offspring were significantly lower than those in the control. Moreover, the Wolbachia titer in females sharply declined after two generations of antibiotic treatments and decreased to a lower level even after ten successive generations of antibiotic treatments. In addition, the control group with a higher Wolbachia titer produced more female offspring than the tetracycline treatment groups with a lower Wolbachia titer. These results provide new insights into the complex interaction between arthropods and Wolbachia to antibiotic stress. Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important natural enemy and biological control agent of lepidopteran pests. Wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont that induces parthenogenesis in the parasitoid T. pretiosum. In this paper, the sublethal effects of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride on the development and reproduction of T. pretiosum were studied. Emerged females were fed with sublethal concentrations (LC5, LC15, and LC35) of tetracycline for ten generations. The biological parameters (longevity, parasitized eggs, and fecundity) of treated females significantly reduced compared with the control Moreover, the percentage of female offspring in the treatments significantly reduced, but the percentage of male offspring significantly increased. In addition, the Wolbachia titer sharply reduced after two generations of antibiotic treatments, but it could still be detected even after ten successive generations of antibiotic treatments, which indicated that Wolbachia was not completely removed by sublethal concentrations of tetracycline. The control lines with higher Wolbachia titers produced more female offspring than the tetracycline treatments with lower Wolbachia titers, indicating that the Wolbachia titer affected the sex determination of T. pretiosum. Our results show that sublethal concentrations of tetracycline had adverse effects on the development of T. pretiosum, and Wolbachia titers affected the sexual development of T. pretiosum eggs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wangkeeree J, Suwanchaisri K, Roddee J, Hanboonsong Y. Selective Elimination of Wolbachia from the Leafhopper Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:173. [PMID: 35488963 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia infections affect the reproductive system and various biological traits of the host insect. There is a high frequency of Wolbachia infection in the leafhopper Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura. To investigate the potential roles of Wolbachia in the host, it is important to generate a non-Wolbachia-infected line. The efficacy of antibiotics in eliminating Wolbachia from Y. flavovittatus remains unknown. This leafhopper harbors the mutualistic bacterium Candidatus Sulcia muelleri, which has an important function in the biological traits. The presence of Ca. S. muelleri raises a major concern regarding the use of antibiotics. We selectively eliminated Wolbachia, considering the influence of antibiotics on leafhopper survival and Ca. S. muelleri prevalence. The effect of artificial diets containing different doses of tetracycline and rifampicin on survival was optimized; high dose (0.5 mg/ml) of antibiotics induces a high mortality. A concentration of 0.2 mg/ml was chosen for the subsequent experiments. Antibiotic treatments significantly reduced the Wolbachia infection, and the Wolbachia density in the treated leafhoppers sharply declined. Wolbachia recurred in tetracycline-treated offspring, regardless of antibiotic exposure. However, Wolbachia is unable to be transmitted and restored in rifampicin-treated offspring. The dose and treatment duration had no significant effect on the infection and density of Ca. S. muelleri in the antibiotic-treated offspring. In conclusion, Wolbachia in Y. flavovittatus was stably eliminated using rifampicin, and the Wolbachia-free line was generated at least two generations after treatment. This report provides additional experimental procedures for removing Wolbachia from insects, particularly in host species with the coexistence of Ca. S. muelleri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jureemart Wangkeeree
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Kamonrat Suwanchaisri
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jariya Roddee
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Yupa Hanboonsong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Nai Muang, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tichopád T, Franěk R, Doležálková-Kaštánková M, Dedukh D, Marta A, Halačka K, Steinbach C, Janko K, Pšenička M. Clonal gametogenesis is triggered by intrinsic stimuli in the hybrid's germ cells but is dependent on sex differentiation. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:446-457. [PMID: 35416937 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization may trigger the transition from sexual reproduction to asexuality, but mechanistic reasons for such a change in a hybrid's reproduction are poorly understood. Gametogenesis of many asexual hybrids involves a stage of premeiotic endoreduplication (PMER), when gonial cells duplicate chromosomes and subsequent meiotic divisions involve bivalents between identical copies, leading to production of clonal gametes. Here, we investigated the triggers of PMER and whether its induction is linked to intrinsic stimuli within a hybrid's gonial cells or whether it is regulated by the surrounding gonadal tissue. We investigated gametogenesis in the Cobitis taenia hybrid complex, which involves sexually reproducing species (Cobitis elongatoides and C. taenia) as well as their hybrids, where females reproduce clonally via PMER while males are sterile. We transplanted spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from C. elongatoides and triploid hybrid males into embryos of sexual species and of asexual hybrid females, respectively, and observed their development in an allospecific gonadal environment. Sexual SSCs underwent regular meiosis and produced normally reduced gametes when transplanted into clonal females. On the other hand, the hybrid's SSCs lead to sterility when transplanted into sexual males, but maintained their ability to undergo asexual development (PMER) and production of clonal eggs, when transplanted into sexual females. This suggests that asexual gametogenesis is under complex control when somatic gonadal tissue indirectly affects the execution of asexual development by determining the sexual differentiation of stem cells and once such cells develop to female phenotypes, hybrid germ cells trigger the PMER from their intrinsic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Tichopád
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Franěk
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Anatolie Marta
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Zoology, Academy of Science of Moldova, MD-2028, Academiei 1, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Karel Halačka
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pšenička
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delhoumi M, Bouslama MF, Achouri MS. Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2049388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Delhoumi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Bouslama
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Sghaier Achouri
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Konecka E. Fifty shades of bacterial endosymbionts and some of them still remain a mystery: Wolbachia and Cardinium in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida). J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Li S, Li J, Li Z, Ke X, Wu L, Christie P. Toxic effects of norfloxacin in soil on fed and unfed Folsomia candida (Isotomidae: Collembola) and on gut and soil microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147793. [PMID: 34034166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with antibiotics may exert effects on soil-dwelling animals. A systematic ecological toxicity assessment of norfloxacin on the soil collembolan Folsomia candida (F. candida) was therefore conducted in soil and Petri dish systems with and without feeding at the population, individual and cellular levels. The indicators survival, reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activities peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and gut microbiota were studied. The surrounding soil microbiota were also investigated because F. candida can ingest soil microbiota that may have effects on the gut microbiota. In general, the toxicity of norfloxacin to F. candida in contaminated soil without food addition was higher than in contaminated soil with food addition. Norfloxacin had little effect at population and individual levels but antioxidant enzyme activities changed significantly in treatments with longer exposure times or higher norfloxacin concentrations. CAT was more sensitive than SOD or POD. The diversity indices and composition at phylum level of the gut microbiota showed little change. However, the operational taxonomic units in the gut decreased in the presence of norfloxacin. The relative abundance of Wolbachia, the predominant bacterial genus in the gut, decreased significantly with increasing soil norfloxacin concentration. Wolbachia may therefore be a promising bioindicator in the assessment of norfloxacin pollution of soils at environmental concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Li
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xin Ke
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laidoudi Y, Levasseur A, Medkour H, Maaloum M, Ben Khedher M, Sambou M, Bassene H, Davoust B, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. An Earliest Endosymbiont, Wolbachia massiliensis sp. nov., Strain PL13 from the Bed Bug ( Cimex hemipterus), Type Strain of a New Supergroup T. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8064. [PMID: 33138055 PMCID: PMC7662661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic Wolbachia are the most sophisticated mutualistic bacterium among all insect-associated microbiota. Wolbachia-insect relationship fluctuates from the simple facultative/parasitic to an obligate nutritional-mutualistic association as it was the case of the bedbug-Wolbachia from Cimexlectularius. Understanding this association may help in the control of associated arthropods. Genomic data have proven to be reliable tools in resolving some aspects of these symbiotic associations. Although, Wolbachia appear to be fastidious or uncultivated bacteria which strongly limited their study. Here we proposed Drosophila S2 cell line for the isolation and culture model to study Wolbachia strains. We therefore isolated and characterized a novel Wolbachia strain associated with the bedbug Cimexhemipterus, designated as wChem strain PL13, and proposed Wolbachiamassiliensis sp. nov. strain wChem-PL13 a type strain of this new species from new supergroup T. Phylogenetically, T-supergroup was close to F and S-supergroups from insects and D-supergroup from filarial nematodes. We determined the 1,291,339-bp genome of wChem-PL13, which was the smallest insect-associated Wolbachia genomes. Overall, the wChem genome shared 50% of protein coding genes with the other insect-associated facultative Wolbachia strains. These findings highlight the diversity of Wolbachia genotypes as well as the Wolbachia-host relationship among Cimicinae subfamily. The wChem provides folate and riboflavin vitamins on which the host depends, while the bacteria had a limited translation mechanism suggesting its strong dependence to its hosts. However, the clear-cut distinction between mutualism and parasitism of the wChem in C. hemipterus cannot be yet ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Mossaab Maaloum
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Hassan II University, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca 7955, Morocco;
| | - Mariem Ben Khedher
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Masse Sambou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar 10200, Senegal
| | - Hubert Bassene
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar 10200, Senegal
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kampfraath AA, Dudink TP, Kraaijeveld K, Ellers J, Zizzari ZV. Male Sexual Trait Decay in Two Asexual Springtail Populations Follows Neutral Mutation Accumulation Theory. Evol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-020-09511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe transition to asexual reproduction is frequent and widespread across the tree of life and constitutes a major life history change. Without sexual reproduction, selection on sexually selected traits is expected to be weaker or absent, allowing the decay and ultimately loss of sexual traits. In this study, we applied an experimental approach to investigate the decay of reproductive traits under asexuality in two asexual populations of the springtail Folsomia candida. Specifically, we compared several key male sexual traits of a sexual population and two distinct parthenogenetic lines. To allow direct comparisons between sexual and asexual individuals we first determined a suite of life history characteristics in the sexual F. candida population, which performs an indirect transfer of sperm packages (spermatophores).To investigate the decay of male sexual traits under asexuality we measured the size of spermatophores, quantified the amount of sperm DNA material, and tested spermatophore attractiveness to females in all three populations. The amount of sperm DNA material in the sperm droplets and the attractiveness of spermatophores were lower in the asexual lines compared to the sexual population. However, the two asexual lines differed in the extent of decay of these traits. Our results are consistent with predictions from neutral mutation accumulation theory, and thus suggest this to be the main evolutionary process underlying the decay of male traits in F. candida.
Collapse
|
12
|
Isolation and Propagation of Laboratory Strains and a Novel Flea-Derived Field Strain of Wolbachia in Tick Cell Lines. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070988. [PMID: 32630209 PMCID: PMC7409115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are intracellular endosymbionts of several invertebrate taxa, including insects and nematodes. Although Wolbachia DNA has been detected in ticks, its presence is generally associated with parasitism by insects. To determine whether or not Wolbachia can infect and grow in tick cells, cell lines from three tick species, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus microplus, were inoculated with Wolbachia strains wStri and wAlbB isolated from mosquito cell lines. Homogenates prepared from fleas collected from cats in Malaysia were inoculated into an I. scapularis cell line. Bacterial growth and identity were monitored by microscopy and PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of Wolbachia genes. The wStri strain infected Ixodes spp. cells and was maintained through 29 passages. The wAlbB strain successfully infected Ixodes spp. and R. microplus cells and was maintained through 2–5 passages. A novel strain of Wolbachia belonging to the supergroup F, designated wCfeF, was isolated in I. scapularis cells from a pool of Ctenocephalides sp. cat fleas and maintained in vitro through two passages over nine months. This is the first confirmed isolation of a Wolbachia strain from a flea and the first isolation of any Wolbachia strain outside the “pandemic” A and B supergroups. The study demonstrates that tick cells can host multiple Wolbachia strains, and can be added to panels of insect cell lines to improve success rates in isolation of field strains of Wolbachia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Magro A, Lecompte E, Hemptinne J, Soares AO, Dutrillaux A, Murienne J, Fürsch H, Dutrillaux B. First case of parthenogenesis in ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) suggests new mechanisms for the evolution of asexual reproduction. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Magro
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité biologique UMR EDB 5174 CNRS / UT3 / IRDToulouse France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole Auzeville-Tolosane France
| | - Emilie Lecompte
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité biologique UMR EDB 5174 CNRS / UT3 / IRDToulouse France
- Université Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Jean‐Louis Hemptinne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité biologique UMR EDB 5174 CNRS / UT3 / IRDToulouse France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole Auzeville-Tolosane France
| | - Antonio O. Soares
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Azorean Biodiversity Group University of the Azores Ponta Delgada, Azores Portugal
| | - Anne‐Marie Dutrillaux
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS / MNHN / UPMC / EPHE Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité biologique UMR EDB 5174 CNRS / UT3 / IRDToulouse France
- Université Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | | | - Bernard Dutrillaux
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS / MNHN / UPMC / EPHE Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hellemans S, Kaczmarek N, Marynowska M, Calusinska M, Roisin Y, Fournier D. Bacteriome-associated Wolbachia of the parthenogenetic termite Cavitermes tuberosus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5247714. [PMID: 30551145 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia has deeply shaped the ecology and evolution of many arthropods, and interactions between the two partners are a continuum ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Non-dispersing queens of the termite Cavitermes tuberosus are parthenogenetically produced through gamete duplication, a mode of ploidy restoration generally induced by Wolbachia. These queens display a bacteriome-like structure in the anterior part of the mesenteron. Our study explores the possibility of a nutritional mutualistic, rather than a parasitic, association between Wolbachia and C. tuberosus. We found a unique strain (wCtub), nested in the supergroup F, in 28 nests collected in French Guiana, the island of Trinidad and the state of Paraíba, Brazil (over 3500 km). wCtub infects individuals regardless of caste, sex or reproductive (sexual versus parthenogenetic) origin. qPCR assays reveal that Wolbachia densities are higher in the bacteriome-like structure and in the surrounding gut compared to other somatic tissues. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing reveals that Wolbachia represents over 97% of bacterial reads present in the bacteriome structure. BLAST analyses of 16S rRNA, bioA (a gene of the biosynthetic pathway of B vitamins) and five multilocus sequence typing genes indicated that wCtub shares 99% identity with wCle, an obligate nutritional mutualist of the bedbug Cimex lectularius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hellemans
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Kaczmarek
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martyna Marynowska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Yves Roisin
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Fournier
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Liu X, Guo H. Population Dynamics of Wolbachia in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) Under Successive Stress of Antibiotics. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1306-1312. [PMID: 31471686 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia are the most common symbionts in arthropods; antibiotic treatment for eliminating the symbionts from their host is necessary to investigate the functions. Tetracycline antibiotics are widely used to remove endosymbiont Wolbachia from insect hosts. However, very little has been known on the effects of tetracycline on population size of Wolbachia in small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), an important insect pest of rice in Asia. Here, we investigated the dynamics of Wolbachia population density in females and males of L. striatellus by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method. The Wolbachia density in females and males of L. striatellus all declined sharply after treatment with 2 mg/mL tetracycline for one generation, and continued to decrease to a level which could not be detected by both qPCR and diagnostic PCR after treated for another generation, then maintained at 0 in the following three generations with continuous antibiotic treatment. Wolbachia infection did not recover in L. striatellus after stopping tetracycline treatment for ten generations. This is the first report to precisely monitor the population dynamics of Wolbachia in L. striatellus during successive tetracycline treatment and after that. The results provide a useful method for evaluating the efficiency of artificial operation of endosymbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongteng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ju H, Zhu D, Qiao M. Effects of polyethylene microplastics on the gut microbial community, reproduction and avoidance behaviors of the soil springtail, Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:890-897. [PMID: 30735918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant and are confirmed to be ubiquitous in the environment. Adverse effects of MPs on aquatic organisms have been widely studied, whereas little research has focused on soil invertebrates. We exposed the soil springtail Folsomia candida to artificial soils contaminated with polyethylene MPs (<500 μm) for 28 d to explore the effects of MPs on avoidance, reproduction, and gut microbiota. Springtails exhibited avoidance behaviors at 0.5% and 1% MPs (w/w in dry soil), and the avoidance rate was 59% and 69%, respectively. Reproduction was inhibited when the concentration of MPs reached 0.1% and was reduced by 70.2% at the highest concentration of 1% MPs compared to control. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value based on reproduction for F. candida was 0.29% MPs. At concentrations of 0.5% dry weight in the soil, MPs significantly altered the microbial community and decreased bacterial diversity in the springtail gut. Specifically, the relative abundance of Wolbachia significantly decreased while the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Ensifer and Stenotrophomonas significantly increased. Our results demonstrated that MPs exerted a significant toxic effect on springtails and can change their gut microbial community. This can provide useful information for risk assessment of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Konecka E, Olszanowski Z, Koczura R. Wolbachia of phylogenetic supergroup E identified in oribatid mite Gustavia microcephala (Acari: Oribatida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 135:230-235. [PMID: 30914397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heritable endosymbionts have been observed in arthropod and nematode hosts. The most-known among them is Wolbachia. Although the bacterium was previously identified in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), it was not assigned to any phylogenetic group. Endosymbionts have a profound influence on their hosts, playing various functions that affect invertebrate's biology such as changing the way of reproduction. Oribatida provide the very unique examples of groups in which even whole families appear to be thelytokous, so we considered that it is worth to investigate the occurrence of endosymbiotic microorganisms in oribatid mites, especially that the knowledge on the symbionts occurrence in this invertebrate group is negligible. We report for the first time Wolbachia in oribatid mite Gustavia microcephala. The sequences of 16S rDNA, gltA, and ftsZ genes of the endosymbiont from the mite showed the highest similarity to Wolbachia found in Collembola. Phylogenetic analysis based on single gene and concatenated alignments of three genes revealed that the bacteria from G. microcephala and Collembola were related and clustered together with supergroup E. Relatively close relationship of Wolbachia from oribatid and collembolan hosts might mean at the evolutionary scale that horizontal transfer of bacteria between these two groups of invertebrates may take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Konecka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ziemowit Olszanowski
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Koczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kampfraath AA, Klasson L, Anvar SY, Vossen RHAM, Roelofs D, Kraaijeveld K, Ellers J. Genome expansion of an obligate parthenogenesis-associated Wolbachia poses an exception to the symbiont reduction model. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:106. [PMID: 30727958 PMCID: PMC6364476 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Theory predicts that dependency within host-endosymbiont interactions results in endosymbiont genome size reduction. Unexpectedly, the largest Wolbachia genome was found in the obligate, parthenogenesis-associated wFol. In this study, we investigate possible processes underlying this genome expansion by comparing a re-annotated wFol genome to other Wolbachia genomes. In addition, we also search for candidate genes related to parthenogenesis induction (PI). Results Within wFol, we found five phage WO regions representing 25.4% of the complete genome, few pseudogenized genes, and an expansion of DNA-repair genes in comparison to other Wolbachia. These signs of genome conservation were mirrored in the wFol host, the springtail F. candida, which also had an expanded DNA-repair gene family and many horizontally transferred genes. Across all Wolbachia genomes, there was a strong correlation between gene numbers of Wolbachia strains and their hosts. In order to identify genes with a potential link to PI, we assembled the genome of an additional PI strain, wLcla. Comparisons between four PI Wolbachia, including wFol and wLcla, and fourteen non-PI Wolbachia yielded a small set of potential candidate genes for further investigation. Conclusions The strong similarities in genome content of wFol and its host, as well as the correlation between host and Wolbachia gene numbers suggest that there may be some form of convergent evolution between endosymbiont and host genomes. If such convergent evolution would be strong enough to overcome the evolutionary forces causing genome reduction, it would enable expanded genomes within long-term obligate endosymbionts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5492-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Kampfraath
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L Klasson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Y Anvar
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R H A M Vossen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Kraaijeveld
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ellers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konecka E, Olszanowski Z. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA, gltA, gatB, and hcpA gene sequences of Wolbachia from the novel host Ceratozetes thienemanni (Acari: Oribatida). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 70:175-181. [PMID: 30708135 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We determined the occurrence of intracellular endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Hamiltonella, flavobacteria, and microsporidia) in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) with the use of PCR technique. For the first time we looked for and detected Wolbachia in parthenogenetic oribatid mite Ceratozetes thienemanni Willmann, 1943. The 16S rDNA, gatB, hcpA, and gltA sequences of Wolbachia in C. thienemanni showed the highest similarity (≥ 90%) to the genes of Wolbachia from springtails (Collembola) and oribatid mite Gustavia microcephala. We found the unique sequence 5'-GGGGTAATGGCC-3' in 16S rDNA of Wolbachia from C. thienemanni and collembolan representing group E. The phylogeny of Wolbachia based on the analysis of single genes as well as concatenated alignments of four bacterial loci showed that the bacteria from C. thienemanni belonged to Wolbachia group E, like the endosymbionts from springtail hosts and G. microcephala. Considering coexisting of representatives of Oribatida and Collembola in the same soil habitat and similar food, it is possible that the source of Wolbachia infection was the same. Residues of dead invertebrates could be in organic matter of their soil food, so the scenario of infection transferred by eating of remains of soil cohabitates is also possible. It could explain the similarity and relationship of the Wolbachia in these two arthropod groups. Oribatid mite C. thienemanni is a parthenogenetic mite which is a unique feature in the genus Ceratozetes. Moreover, this species, within the entire genus Ceratozetes, is characterized by the most northerly distribution. It is difficult to determine either it is parthenogenesis or the presence of endosymbionts that are in some way responsible for this kind of evolutionary success. Maybe we are dealing here with a kind of synergy of both factors?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Konecka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ziemowit Olszanowski
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tetracycline reduces feeding and reproduction of the parthenogenetic springtail, Folsomia candida. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-00593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
21
|
Elias-Costa AJ, Confalonieri VA, Lanteri AA, Rodriguero MS. Game of clones: Is Wolbachia inducing speciation in a weevil with a mixed reproductive mode? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 133:42-53. [PMID: 30583042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis is widely distributed in Metazoa but it is especially frequent in weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with one fifth of all known cases. Previous studies have shown that in the tribe Naupactini parthenogenetic reproduction most likely originated with an infection of the endoparasitic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis. In particular, Pantomorus postfasciatus possess a mixed reproductive mode: some populations have males while in others they are absent, and females produce clones by thelytoky. To better understand this scenario, we studied the population structure and infection status in 64 individuals of P. postfasciatus from Argentina and Brazil. We sequenced two mitochondrial (COI and COII) and one nuclear (ITS-1) fragments and obtained two very divergent haplogroups, one corresponding to the sexual populations uninfected with Wolbachia, and another conforming a monophyletic parthenogenetic (or presumptively parthenogenetic) and infected clade. Each of these haplogroups was identified as an independently evolutionary unit by all species delimitation analyses accomplished: multilocus *BEAST and BP&P, and single locus GMYC and K/θ rule. Additionally, present evidence suggests that Wolbachia infection occurred at least twice in all-female populations of P. postfasciatus with two different bacterial strains. Speciation mediated by Wolbachia is a recently described phenomenon and the case of P. postfasciatus is the first known case in a diplo-diploid insect. A model that describes how thelytoky-inducing phenotypes of Wolbachia could generate new lineages is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Elias-Costa
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes y Av. Costanera Norte s/n, 4to. Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CI1428 EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - V A Confalonieri
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes y Av. Costanera Norte s/n, 4to. Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CI1428 EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A A Lanteri
- División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M S Rodriguero
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes y Av. Costanera Norte s/n, 4to. Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, CI1428 EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu D, Zheng F, Chen QL, Yang XR, Christie P, Ke X, Zhu YG. Exposure of a Soil Collembolan to Ag Nanoparticles and AgNO 3 Disturbs Its Associated Microbiota and Lowers the Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Gut. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12748-12756. [PMID: 30345766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota contribute to host health. Numerous recent studies have focused on the survival and reproduction of nontarget soil animals exposed to the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) but changes in the gut microbiota due to nanoparticle toxicity are largely unknown. Here, we examine some effects of AgNPs and silver nitrate (ionic Ag) on the gut microbiota of the common soil collembolan Folsomia candida using Illumina sequencing and concomitant changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the gut microbiota using high-throughput quantitative PCR. A large number of Ag accumulated in Ag-exposed individuals after 28 days and ionic Ag significantly inhibited the reproduction of the collembolan (by 19.3%). Exposure to AgNPs disturbed the composition of the collembolan gut bacterial community, resulting in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. However, the dominant microbiota was shared among different treatments. In addition, AgNPs exposure did indeed reduce the incidence of ARGs in the collembolan gut microbiota. A weak relationship was identified between gut bacterial communities and ARG profiles. These results extend our knowledge regarding the role of the gut microbiota in assessing the soil ecotoxicology of AgNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopez V, Cortesero AM, Poinsot D. Influence of the symbiont Wolbachia on life history traits of the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 158:24-31. [PMID: 30193778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia is an endocellular bacteria infecting arthropods and nematodes and is only transmitted vertically by females via the cytoplasm of the egg. It is often a manipulator of host reproduction, causing cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, feminization or male killing, which all increase the proportion of infected females in the population. However, Wolbachia can modify life history traits of the host without causing the above phenotypes and each species illustrates the variability of relationships between this remarkably versatile symbiont and its many hosts. We have measured maternal transmission and the impact of a natural Wolbachia infection in the cabbage root fly Delia radicum, a major agricultural pest. We used a population that is polymorphic for the infection to ensure similar genetic and microbiome backgrounds between groups. Maternal transmission of the infection was 100% in our sample. We found no evidence of cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, feminization nor male killing. Wolbachia infection significantly reduced hatch rate in infected eggs (by 10%) but improved larvo-nymphal viability sufficiently so that infected eggs nevertheless yielded as many adults as uninfected ones, albeit with a 1.5% longer total development time. Starved and infected ovipositing females suffered significantly reduced viability (20% higher mortality during a 3-day oviposition period) than uninfected females, but mortality was not higher in starved virgin females nor in starved males, suggesting that the energetic cost of the infection is only revealed in extreme conditions. Wolbachia had no effect on egg hatch time or offspring size. The apparently 100% vertical transmission and the significant but mutually compensating effects found suggest that infection might be nearly benign in this host and might only drift slowly, which would explain why the infection rate has been stable in our laboratory (approximately 50% individuals infected) for at least 30 generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lopez
- INRA - UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Anne Marie Cortesero
- INRA - UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Denis Poinsot
- INRA - UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Janko K, Pačes J, Wilkinson‐Herbots H, Costa RJ, Roslein J, Drozd P, Iakovenko N, Rídl J, Hroudová M, Kočí J, Reifová R, Šlechtová V, Choleva L. Hybrid asexuality as a primary postzygotic barrier between nascent species: On the interconnection between asexuality, hybridization and speciation. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:248-263. [PMID: 28987005 PMCID: PMC6849617 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout nature, the molecular machinery behind it has been repeatedly disrupted during evolution, leading to the emergence of asexual lineages in all eukaryotic phyla. Despite intensive research, little is known about what causes the switch from sexual reproduction to asexuality. Interspecific hybridization is one of the candidate explanations, but the reasons for the apparent association between hybridization and asexuality remain unclear. In this study, we combined cross-breeding experiments with population genetic and phylogenomic approaches to reveal the history of speciation and asexuality evolution in European spined loaches (Cobitis). Contemporary species readily hybridize in hybrid zones, but produce infertile males and fertile but clonally reproducing females that cannot mediate introgressions. However, our analysis of exome data indicates that intensive gene flow between species has occurred in the past. Crossings among species with various genetic distances showed that, while distantly related species produced asexual females and sterile males, closely related species produce sexually reproducing hybrids of both sexes. Our results suggest that hybridization leads to sexual hybrids at the initial stages of speciation, but as the species diverge further, the gradual accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities between species could distort their gametogenesis towards asexuality. Interestingly, comparative analysis of published data revealed that hybrid asexuality generally evolves at lower genetic divergences than hybrid sterility or inviability. Given that hybrid asexuality effectively restricts gene flow, it may establish a primary reproductive barrier earlier during diversification than other "classical" forms of postzygotic incompatibilities. Hybrid asexuality may thus indirectly contribute to the speciation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Janko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Jan Pačes
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Rui J. Costa
- Department of Statistical ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jan Roslein
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
- Department of Fish EcologyInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Nataliia Iakovenko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Jakub Rídl
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miluše Hroudová
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jan Kočí
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Radka Reifová
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Věra Šlechtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Christou A, Agüera A, Bayona JM, Cytryn E, Fotopoulos V, Lambropoulou D, Manaia CM, Michael C, Revitt M, Schröder P, Fatta-Kassinos D. The potential implications of reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation on the agricultural environment: The knowns and unknowns of the fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes - A review. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:448-467. [PMID: 28689129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for the irrigation of crops may result in the continuous exposure of the agricultural environment to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, certain evidence indicate that antibiotics and resistance genes may become disseminated in agricultural soils as a result of the amendment with manure and biosolids and irrigation with RWW. Antibiotic residues and other contaminants may undergo sorption/desorption and transformation processes (both biotic and abiotic), and have the potential to affect the soil microbiota. Antibiotics found in the soil pore water (bioavailable fraction) as a result of RWW irrigation may be taken up by crop plants, bioaccumulate within plant tissues and subsequently enter the food webs; potentially resulting in detrimental public health implications. It can be also hypothesized that ARGs can spread among soil and plant-associated bacteria, a fact that may have serious human health implications. The majority of studies dealing with these environmental and social challenges related with the use of RWW for irrigation were conducted under laboratory or using, somehow, controlled conditions. This critical review discusses the state of the art on the fate of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs in agricultural environment where RWW is applied for irrigation. The implications associated with the uptake of antibiotics by plants (uptake mechanisms) and the potential risks to public health are highlighted. Additionally, knowledge gaps as well as challenges and opportunities are addressed, with the aim of boosting future research towards an enhanced understanding of the fate and implications of these contaminants of emerging concern in the agricultural environment. These are key issues in a world where the increasing water scarcity and the continuous appeal of circular economy demand answers for a long-term safe use of RWW for irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Ana Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Bayona
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry Department, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Costas Michael
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mike Revitt
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, NW4 4BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Environmental Genomics, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva A, Kraaijeveld K, Derks MFL, Anvar SY, Agamennone V, Suring W, Kampfraath AA, Ellers J, Le Ngoc G, van Gestel CAM, Mariën J, Smit S, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Coping with living in the soil: the genome of the parthenogenetic springtail Folsomia candida. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:493. [PMID: 28659179 PMCID: PMC5490193 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folsomia candida is a model in soil biology, belonging to the family of Isotomidae, subclass Collembola. It reproduces parthenogenetically in the presence of Wolbachia, and exhibits remarkable physiological adaptations to stress. To better understand these features and adaptations to life in the soil, we studied its genome in the context of its parthenogenetic lifestyle. Results We applied Pacific Bioscience sequencing and assembly to generate a reference genome for F. candida of 221.7 Mbp, comprising only 162 scaffolds. The complete genome of its endosymbiont Wolbachia, was also assembled and turned out to be the largest strain identified so far. Substantial gene family expansions and lineage-specific gene clusters were linked to stress response. A large number of genes (809) were acquired by horizontal gene transfer. A substantial fraction of these genes are involved in lignocellulose degradation. Also, the presence of genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis was confirmed. Intra-genomic rearrangements of collinear gene clusters were observed, of which 11 were organized as palindromes. The Hox gene cluster of F. candida showed major rearrangements compared to arthropod consensus cluster, resulting in a disorganized cluster. Conclusions The expansion of stress response gene families suggests that stress defense was important to facilitate colonization of soils. The large number of HGT genes related to lignocellulose degradation could be beneficial to unlock carbohydrate sources in soil, especially those contained in decaying plant and fungal organic matter. Intra- as well as inter-scaffold duplications of gene clusters may be a consequence of its parthenogenetic lifestyle. This high quality genome will be instrumental for evolutionary biologists investigating deep phylogenetic lineages among arthropods and will provide the basis for a more mechanistic understanding in soil ecology and ecotoxicology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3852-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Kraaijeveld
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F L Derks
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Suring
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries A Kampfraath
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giang Le Ngoc
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Janine Mariën
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Smit
- Department of Plant Sciences, Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma WJ, Schwander T. Patterns and mechanisms in instances of endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:868-888. [PMID: 28299861 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Female-producing parthenogenesis can be induced by endosymbionts that increase their transmission by manipulating host reproduction. Our literature survey indicates that such endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis is known or suspected in 124 host species from seven different arthropod taxa, with Wolbachia as the most frequent endosymbiont (in 56-75% of host species). Most host species (81%, 100 out of 124) are characterized by haplo-diploid sex determination, but a strong ascertainment bias likely underestimates the frequency of endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in hosts with other sex determination systems. In at least one taxon, hymenopterans, endosymbionts are a significant driver of transitions from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction, with one-third of lineages being parthenogenetic as a consequence of endosymbiont infection. Endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis appears to facilitate the maintenance of reproductive polymorphism: at least 50% of species comprise both sexual (uninfected) and parthenogenetic (infected) strains. These strains feature distribution differences similar to the ones documented for lineages with genetically determined parthenogenesis, with endosymbiont-induced parthenogens occurring at higher latitudes than their sexual relatives. Finally, although gamete duplication is often considered as the main mechanism for endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis, it underlies parthenogenesis in only half of the host species studied thus far. We point out caveats in the methods used to test for endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis and suggest specific approaches that allow for firm conclusions about the involvement of endosymbionts in the origin of parthenogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-J Ma
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Schwander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang XX, Qi LD, Jiang R, Du YZ, Li YX. Incomplete removal of Wolbachia with tetracycline has two-edged reproductive effects in the thelytokous wasp Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:44014. [PMID: 28266601 PMCID: PMC5339822 DOI: 10.1038/srep44014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia pipientis are intracellular endosymbionts that induce parthenogenesis in the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Previous studies that focused on effects of Wolbachia on the wasp usually used tetracycline to remove Wolbachia without concern for the joint influences of tetracycline and Wolbachia. Here we treated the wasps (F0 lines) with tetracycline to produce offspring (F1 lines) which were not fed tetracycline to avoid antibiotic influence. The quantitative data and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that Wolbachia titers were reduced but not totally removed. The Wolbachia that infected the male offspring were unpredictably detected. Low dose tetracycline enhanced the fertility of 2-day-old F0 wasps after 24 h of treatment; however, compared with controls, the oocyte load of 3- to 6-day-old tetracycline-treated wasps decreased day by day, and tetracycline reduced the longevity of the wasps. The fecundity of controls was significantly higher than that of the treated F1-10 and F1-20 generations. Gene expression of vitellogenin reflected the same trend as that of wasp fecundities in both F0 and F1 lines. Moreover, female offspring proportions of F0 and F1 lines were related to the titer of infected Wolbachia, demonstrating that Wolbachia titer affected the sex determination of E. formosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lan-Da Qi
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- Institute of Applied Entomology, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brown AMV, Wasala SK, Howe DK, Peetz AB, Zasada IA, Denver DR. Genomic evidence for plant-parasitic nematodes as the earliest Wolbachia hosts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34955. [PMID: 27734894 PMCID: PMC5062116 DOI: 10.1038/srep34955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia, one of the most widespread endosymbionts, is a target for biological control of mosquito-borne diseases (malaria and dengue virus), and antibiotic elimination of infectious filarial nematodes. We sequenced and analyzed the genome of a new Wolbachia strain (wPpe) in the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Phylogenomic analyses placed wPpe as the earliest diverging Wolbachia, suggesting two evolutionary invasions into nematodes. The next branches comprised strains in sap-feeding insects, suggesting Wolbachia may have first evolved as a nutritional mutualist. Genome size, protein content, %GC, and repetitive DNA allied wPpe with mutualistic Wolbachia, whereas gene repertoire analyses placed it between parasite (A, B) and mutualist (C, D, F) groups. Conservation of iron metabolism genes across Wolbachia suggests iron homeostasis as a potential factor in its success. This study enhances our understanding of this globally pandemic endosymbiont, highlighting genetic patterns associated with host changes. Combined with future work on this strain, these genomic data could help provide potential new targets for plant-parasitic nematode control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M V Brown
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Sulochana K Wasala
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Dana K Howe
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Amy B Peetz
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Inga A Zasada
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Dee R Denver
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nougué O, Gallet R, Chevin LM, Lenormand T. Niche Limits of Symbiotic Gut Microbiota Constrain the Salinity Tolerance of Brine Shrimp. Am Nat 2015; 186:390-403. [PMID: 26655356 DOI: 10.1086/682370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Symbiosis generally causes an expansion of the niche of each partner along the axis for which a service is mutually provided. However, for other axes, the niche can be restricted to the intersection of each partner's niche and can thus be constrained rather than expanded by mutualism. We explore this phenomenon using Artemia as a model system. This crustacean is able to survive at very high salinities but not at low salinities, although its hemolymph's salinity is close to freshwater. We hypothesized that this low-salinity paradox results from poor performance of its associated microbiota at low salinity. We showed that, in sterile conditions, Artemia had low survival at all salinities when algae were the only source of carbon. In contrast, survival was high at all salinities when fed with yeast. We also demonstrated that bacteria isolated from Artemia's gut reached higher densities at high salinities than at low salinities, including when grown on algae. Taken together, our results show that Artemia can survive at low salinities, but their gut microbiota, which are required for algae digestion, have reduced fitness. Widespread facultative symbiosis may thus be an important determinant of niche limits along axes not specific to the mutualistic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odrade Nougué
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Université P. Valéry, École Pratique des Hautes Études, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramírez-Puebla ST, Servín-Garcidueñas LE, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Vera-Ponce de León A, Rosenblueth M, Delaye L, Martínez J, Martínez-Romero E. Species in Wolbachia? Proposal for the designation of 'Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia onchocercicola', 'Candidatus Wolbachia blaxteri', 'Candidatus Wolbachia brugii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia taylori', 'Candidatus Wolbachia collembolicola' and 'Candidatus Wolbachia multihospitum' for the different species within Wolbachia supergroups. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:390-9. [PMID: 26189661 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia are highly extended bacterial endosymbionts that infect arthropods and filarial nematodes and produce contrasting phenotypes on their hosts. Wolbachia taxonomy has been understudied. Currently, Wolbachia strains are classified into phylogenetic supergroups. Here we applied phylogenomic analyses to study Wolbachia evolutionary relationships and examined metrics derived from their genome sequences such as average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), G+C content, and synteny to shed light on the taxonomy of these bacteria. Draft genome sequences of strains wDacA and wDacB obtained from the carmine cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus were included. Although all analyses indicated that each Wolbachia supergroup represents a distinct evolutionary lineage, we found that some of the analyzed supergroups showed enough internal heterogeneity to be considered as assemblages of more than one species. Thus, supergroups would represent supraspecific groupings. Consequently, Wolbachia pipientis nomen species would apply only to strains of supergroup B and we propose the designation of 'Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia onchocercicola', 'Candidatus Wolbachia blaxterii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia brugii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia taylorii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia collembolicola' and 'Candidatus Wolbachia multihospitis' for other supergroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Delaye
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phylogenomic analyses uncover origin and spread of the Wolbachia pandemic. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5117. [PMID: 25283608 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all obligate intracellular bacteria, Wolbachia is probably the most common. In general, Wolbachia are either widespread, opportunistic reproductive parasites of arthropods or essential mutualists in a single group of filarial nematodes, including many species of medical significance. To date, a robust phylogenetic backbone of Wolbachia is lacking and consequently, many Wolbachia-related phenomena cannot be discussed in a broader evolutionary context. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Wolbachia supergroup relationships based on new whole-genome-shotgun data. Our results suggest that Wolbachia has switched between its two major host groups at least twice. The ability of some arthropod-infecting Wolbachia to universally infect and to adapt to a broad range of hosts quickly is restricted to a single monophyletic lineage (containing supergroups A and B). Thus, the currently observable pandemic has likely a single evolutionary origin and is unique within the radiation of Wolbachia strains.
Collapse
|
33
|
Genetics of decayed sexual traits in a parasitoid wasp with endosymbiont-induced asexuality. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:424-31. [PMID: 24781809 PMCID: PMC4220718 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait decay may occur when selective pressures shift, owing to changes in environment or life style, rendering formerly adaptive traits non-functional or even maladaptive. It remains largely unknown if such decay would stem from multiple mutations with small effects or rather involve few loci with major phenotypic effects. Here, we investigate the decay of female sexual traits, and the genetic causes thereof, in a transition from haplodiploid sexual reproduction to endosymbiont-induced asexual reproduction in the parasitoid wasp Asobara japonica. We take advantage of the fact that asexual females cured of their endosymbionts produce sons instead of daughters, and that these sons can be crossed with sexual females. By combining behavioral experiments with crosses designed to introgress alleles from the asexual into the sexual genome, we found that sexual attractiveness, mating, egg fertilization and plastic adjustment of offspring sex ratio (in response to variation in local mate competition) are decayed in asexual A. japonica females. Furthermore, introgression experiments revealed that the propensity for cured asexual females to produce only sons (because of decayed sexual attractiveness, mating behavior and/or egg fertilization) is likely caused by recessive genetic effects at a single locus. Recessive effects were also found to cause decay of plastic sex-ratio adjustment under variable levels of local mate competition. Our results suggest that few recessive mutations drive decay of female sexual traits, at least in asexual species deriving from haplodiploid sexual ancestors.
Collapse
|
34
|
Neiman M, Sharbel TF, Schwander T. Genetic causes of transitions from sexual reproduction to asexuality in plants and animals. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1346-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Neiman
- Department of Biology; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
| | - T. F. Sharbel
- Apomixis Research Group; Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK); Gatersleben Germany
| | - T. Schwander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zug R, Hammerstein P. Bad guys turned nice? A critical assessment of Wolbachia mutualisms in arthropod hosts. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:89-111. [PMID: 24618033 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia are the most abundant bacterial endosymbionts among arthropods. Although maternally inherited, they do not conform to the widespread view that vertical transmission inevitably selects for beneficial symbionts. Instead, Wolbachia are notorious for their reproductive parasitism which, although lowering host fitness, ensures their spread. However, even for reproductive parasites it can pay to enhance host fitness. Indeed, there is a recent upsurge of reports on Wolbachia-associated fitness benefits. Therefore, the question arises how such instances of mutualism are related to the phenotypes of reproductive parasitism. Here, we review the evidence of Wolbachia mutualisms in arthropods, including both facultative and obligate relationships, and critically assess their biological relevance. Although many studies report anti-pathogenic effects of Wolbachia, few actually prove these effects to be relevant to field conditions. We further show that Wolbachia frequently have beneficial and detrimental effects at the same time, and that reproductive manipulations and obligate mutualisms may share common mechanisms. These findings undermine the idea of a clear-cut distinction between Wolbachia mutualism and parasitism. In general, both facultative and obligate mutualisms can have a strong, and sometimes unforeseen, impact on the ecology and evolution of Wolbachia and their arthropod hosts. Acknowledging this mutualistic potential might be the key to a better understanding of some unresolved issues in the study of Wolbachia-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Zug
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Chen SJ, Lu F, Cheng JA, Jiang MX, Way MO. Identification and biological role of the endosymbionts Wolbachia in rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 41:469-477. [PMID: 22732604 DOI: 10.1603/en11195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria present in reproductive tissues of many arthropod species. Wolbachia infection status and roles in host reproduction were studied in the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), an introduced species in China. We examined Wolbachia infection status in five populations in China where it reproduces parthenogenetically, and one native population in Southeast Texas, where it reproduces bisexually. All populations were infected by Wolbachia, and all specimens in each population were infected by Wolbachia of a single strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus sequence typing system indicated that Wolbachia in non-native L. oryzophilus weevils diverges evidently from those in native weevils. After treatments with tetracycline, parthenogenetic weevils reduced the fecundity significantly and eggs were not viable. Our results suggest that Wolbachia are necessary for oocyte production in L oryzophilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
SHREVE SCOTTM, MOCKFORD EDWARDL, JOHNSON KEVINP. Elevated genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes in asexual populations of Bark Lice (‘Psocoptera’: Echmepteryx hageni). Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4433-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|