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Scuto M, Rampulla F, Reali GM, Spanò SM, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese V. Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38671931 PMCID: PMC11047582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience and overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest for preventing and therapeutically impacting neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols and polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics have shown to improve gut bioavailability and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting the oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation linked to gut dysbiosis and ultimately the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance with hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response effects by activating at a low dose the Nrf2 pathway resulting in the upregulation of antioxidant vitagenes, as in the case of heme oxygenase-1 upregulated by hidrox® or curcumin and sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, microbiota dysfunction and neurotoxic damage. Importantly, modulation of the composition and function of the gut microbiota through polyphenols and/or probiotics enhances the abundance of beneficial bacteria and can prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Interestingly, dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the gut and the brain can exacerbate selective susceptibility under neuroinflammatory conditions to CNS disorders due to the high vulnerability of vagal sensory neurons to oxidative stress. Herein, we aimed to discuss hormetic nutrients, including polyphenols and/or probiotics, targeting the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes for the development of promising neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation and microbiota deregulation, and consequently improve cognitive performance and brain health. In this review, we also explore interactions of the gut-brain axis based on sophisticated and cutting-edge technologies for novel anti-neuroinflammatory approaches and personalized nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Di Paola R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Ontario M, Cammilleri G, Pantano L, Scuto M, Tomasello M, Spanò S, Salinaro AT, Abdelhameed AS, Ferrantelli V, Arcidiacono A, Fritsch T, Lupo G, Signorile A, Maiolino L, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Redox Modulation of Meniere Disease by Coriolus versicolor Treatment, a Nutritional Mushroom Approach with Neuroprotective Potential. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:2079-2098. [PMID: 38073105 PMCID: PMC11333795 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231206153936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniere's disease (MD) is a cochlear neurodegenerative disease. Hearing loss appears to be triggered by oxidative stress in the ganglion neurons of the inner ear. OBJECTIVE Here, we confirm the variation of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with Meniere and hypothesize that chronic treatment with Coriolus mushroom helps in the response to oxidative stress and acts on α-synuclein and on NF-kB-mediated inflammatory processes Methods: Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated in MD patients with or without Coriolus treatment for 3 or 6 months. RESULTS MD patients had a small increase in Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GC, Hsp70, Trx and sirtuin-1, which were further increased by Coriolus treatment, especially after 6 months. Increased markers of oxidative damage, such as protein carbonyls, HNE, and ultraweak chemiluminescence, associated with a decrease in plasma GSH/GSSG ratio, were also observed in lymphocytes from MD patients. These parameters were restored to values similar to the baseline in patients treated with Coriolus for both 3 and 6 months. Furthermore, treated MD subjects showed decreased expression of α-synuclein, GFAP and Iba-1 proteins and modulation of the NF-kB pathway, which were impaired in MD patients. These changes were greatest in subjects taking supplements for 6 months. CONCLUSION Our study suggests MD as a model of cochlear neurodegenerative disease for the identification of potent inducers of the Nrf2-vitagene pathway, able to reduce the deleterious consequences associated with neurodegenerative damage, probably by indirectly acting on a-synuclein expression and on inflammatory processes NF-kB-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marialaura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 390129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Licia Pantano
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 390129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Tomasello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Sestina Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 390129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Arcidiacono
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
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Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Rafiq S, Arshad M, Yoo WK, Arain OZ, Kaleem I, Abualait T, Wang L, Wang R, Bashir S. Role of Thioredoxin System in Regulating Cellular Redox Status in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S97-S108. [PMID: 37545242 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and a public health problem. It exhibits significant oxidative stress and redox alterations. The antioxidant enzyme systems defend the cellular environment from oxidative stress. One of the redox systems is the thioredoxin system (TS), which exerts decisive control over the cellular redox environment. We aimed to review the protective effects of TS, which include thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH. In the following, we discussed the physiological functioning and the role of the TS in maintaining the cellular redox-homeostasis in the AD-damaged brain. Trx protects the cellular environment from oxidative stress, while TrxR is crucial for the cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain. However, TS dysregulation increases the susceptibility to cellular death. The changes in Trx and TrxR levels are significantly associated with AD progression. Though the data from human, animal, and cellular models support the neuroprotective role of TS in the brain of AD patients, the translational potential of these findings to clinical settings is not yet applied. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the emerging role of the TrxR-Trx system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Rafiq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Osama Zahid Arain
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Borsky P, Holmannova D, Andrys C, Kremlacek J, Fiala Z, Parova H, Rehacek V, Svadlakova T, Byma S, Kucera O, Borska L. Evaluation of potential aging biomarkers in healthy individuals: telomerase, AGEs, GDF11/15, sirtuin 1, NAD+, NLRP3, DNA/RNA damage, and klotho. Biogerontology 2023; 24:937-955. [PMID: 37523061 PMCID: PMC10615959 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process of gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity. Biological age (accumulation of changes and damage) and chronological age (years lived) may differ. Biological age reflects the risk of various types of disease and death from any cause. We selected potential biomarkers of aging - telomerase, AGEs, GDF11 and 15 (growth differentiation factor 11/15), sirtuin 1, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), inflammasome NLRP3, DNA/RNA damage, and klotho to investigate changes in their levels depending on age and sex. We included 169 healthy volunteers and divided them into groups according to age (under 35; 35-50; over 50) and sex (male, female; male and female under 35; 35-50, over 50). Markers were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits. We found differences in values depending on age and gender. GDF15 increased with age (under 30 and 35-50 p < 0.002; 35-50 and over 50; p < 0.001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.001) as well as GDF11 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.03; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.02), AGEs (under 30 and 35-50; p < 0.005), NLRP3 (under 35 over 50; p < 0.03), sirtuin 1 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.0001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.004). AGEs and GDF11 differed between males and females. Correlations were identified between individual markers, markers and age, and markers and sex. Markers that reflect the progression of biological aging vary with age (GDF15, GDF11, AGEs, NLRP3, sirtuin) and sex (AGEs, GDF11). Their levels could be used in clinical practice, determining biological age, risk of age-related diseases and death of all-causes, and initiating or contraindicating a therapy in the elderly based on the patient's health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kremlacek
- Institute of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Parova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Center, University Hospital, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Byma
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kucera
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Osakabe N, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Migliore MR, Fritsch T, Abdelhameed AS, Maiolino L, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Genovese E, Monzani D, Wenzel U, Calabrese EJ, Vabulas RM, Calabrese V. Polyphenols in Inner Ear Neurobiology, Health and Disease: From Bench to Clinics. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2045. [PMID: 38004094 PMCID: PMC10673256 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial experimental and clinical interest in providing effective ways to both prevent and slow the onset of hearing loss. Auditory hair cells, which occur along the basilar membrane of the cochlea, often lose functionality due to age-related biological alterations, as well as from exposure to high decibel sounds affecting a diminished/damaged auditory sensitivity. Hearing loss is also seen to take place due to neuronal degeneration before or following hair cell destruction/loss. A strategy is necessary to protect hair cells and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cells prior to injury and throughout aging. Within this context, it was proposed that cochlea neural stem cells may be protected from such aging and environmental/noise insults via the ingestion of protective dietary supplements. Of particular importance is that these studies typically display a hormetic-like biphasic dose-response pattern that prevents the occurrence of auditory cell damage induced by various model chemical toxins, such as cisplatin. Likewise, the hormetic dose-response also enhances the occurrence of cochlear neural cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. These findings are particularly important since they confirmed a strong dose dependency of the significant beneficial effects (which is biphasic), whilst having a low-dose beneficial response, whereas extensive exposures may become ineffective and/or potentially harmful. According to hormesis, phytochemicals including polyphenols exhibit biphasic dose-response effects activating low-dose antioxidant signaling pathways, resulting in the upregulation of vitagenes, a group of genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Modulation of the vitagene network through polyphenols increases cellular resilience mechanisms, thus impacting neurological disorder pathophysiology. Here, we aimed to explore polyphenols targeting the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, thus preventing auditory hair cell and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cell degeneration. Furthermore, we explored techniques to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Rampulla
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Zimbone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Rita Migliore
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | | | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Department of Maternal and Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniele Monzani
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - R. Martin Vabulas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
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Cui Y, Zhang W, Yang P, Zhu S, Luo S, Li M. Menaquinone-4 prevents medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw through the SIRT1 signaling-mediated inhibition of cellular metabolic stresses-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:33-49. [PMID: 37364692 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term usage of bisphosphonates, especially zoledronic acid (ZA), induces osteogenesis disorders and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients, thereby contributing to the destruction of bone remodeling and the continuous progression of osteonecrosis. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a specific vitamin K2 isoform converted by the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in vivo, exerts the promotion of bone formation, whereas ZA administration suppresses this pathway and results in endogenous MK-4 deficiency. However, no study has evaluated whether exogenous MK-4 supplementation can prevent ZA-induced MRONJ. Here we showed that MK-4 pretreatment partially ameliorated mucosal nonunion and bone sequestration among ZA-treated MRONJ mouse models. Moreover, MK-4 promoted bone regeneration and inhibited osteoblast apoptosis in vivo. Consistently, MK-4 downregulated ZA-induced osteoblast apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells and suppressed the levels of cellular metabolic stresses, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage, which were accompanied by elevated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. Notably, EX527, an inhibitor of the SIRT1 signaling pathway, abolished the inhibitory effects of MK-4 on ZA-induced cell metabolic stresses and osteoblast damage. Combined with experimental evidences from MRONJ mouse models and MC3T3-E1 cells, our findings suggested that MK-4 prevents ZA-induced MRONJ by inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis through suppression of cellular metabolic stresses in a SIRT1-dependent manner. The results provide a novel translational direction for the clinical application of MK-4 for preventing MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Cui
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shenglei Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250033, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, China.
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Jia J, Yin J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Wang M, Jiang H, Li L, Zeng X, Zhu D. Thioredoxin-1 Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Regulating AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231159226. [PMID: 36823760 PMCID: PMC9969465 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231159226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Increasing studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), one of the major redox proteins in mammalian cells, plays neuroprotection in AD. However, whether Trx-1 could regulate the mitochondrial biogenesis in AD is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Aβ25-35 treatment not only markedly induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, but also significantly decreased the number of mitochondria with biological activity and the adenosine triphosphate content in mitochondria, suggesting mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in AD cells. These changes were reversed by Lentivirus-mediated stable overexpression of Trx-1 or exogenous administration of recombinant human Trx-1. What's more, adeno-associated virus-mediated specific overexpression of Trx-1 in the hippocampus of β-amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice ameliorated the learning and memory and attenuated hippocampal Aβ deposition. Importantly, overexpression of Trx-1 in APP/PS1 mice restored the decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis-associated proteins, including adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). In addition, Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Trx-1 in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells also restored the decrease of AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC1α by Aβ25-35 treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity significantly abolished the effect of Trx-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Trx-1 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via restoring AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Xiansi Zeng, Research Center of
Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
Dongsheng Zhu, Department of Neurology,
The First Hospital of Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of
Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing,
China
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9
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Mitra S, Dash R, Sohel M, Chowdhury A, Munni YA, Ali C, Hannan MA, Islam T, Moon IS. Targeting Estrogen Signaling in the Radiation-induced Neurodegeneration: A Possible Role of Phytoestrogens. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:353-379. [PMID: 35272592 PMCID: PMC10190149 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220310115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation for medical use is a well-established therapeutic method with an excellent prognosis rate for various cancer treatments. Unfortunately, a high dose of radiation therapy comes with its own share of side effects, causing radiation-induced non-specific cellular toxicity; consequently, a large percentage of treated patients suffer from chronic effects during the treatment and even after the post-treatment. Accumulating data evidenced that radiation exposure to the brain can alter the diverse cognitive-related signaling and cause progressive neurodegeneration in patients because of elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and loss of neurogenesis. Epidemiological studies suggested the beneficial effect of hormonal therapy using estrogen in slowing down the progression of various neuropathologies. Despite its primary function as a sex hormone, estrogen is also renowned for its neuroprotective activity and could manage radiation-induced side effects as it regulates many hallmarks of neurodegenerations. Thus, treatment with estrogen and estrogen-like molecules or modulators, including phytoestrogens, might be a potential approach capable of neuroprotection in radiation-induced brain degeneration. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of radiation effects and estrogen signaling in the manifestation of neurodegeneration and highlighted the current evidence on the phytoestrogen mediated protective effect against radiationinduced brain injury. This existing knowledge points towards a new area to expand to identify the possible alternative therapy that can be taken with radiation therapy as adjuvants to improve patients' quality of life with compromised cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Apusi Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North-South University, Dhaka-12 29, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Chayan Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 08, Sweden
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
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11
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Almikhlafi MA, Karami MM, Jana A, Alqurashi TM, Majrashi M, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf GM. Mitochondrial Medicine: A Promising Therapeutic Option Against Various Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1165-1183. [PMID: 36043795 PMCID: PMC10286591 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and metabolic dysfunction have been observed in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, mutant nuclear proteins that interact with mitochondria directly or indirectly, or for unknown reasons. Since mitochondria play a significant role in neurodegeneration, mitochondriatargeted therapies represent a prosperous direction for the development of novel drug compounds that can be used to treat NDDs. This review gives a brief description of how mitochondrial abnormalities lead to various NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We further explore the promising therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondria- directed antioxidants, MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, and dimebon. We have also discussed the possibility of mitochondrial gene therapy as a therapeutic option for these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad A. Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Karami
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Thamer M. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Scuto M, Modafferi S, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Tomasello M, Spano’ S, Ontario M, Palmeri A, Trovato Salinaro A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese E, Wenzel U, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of stress resilience by Crocus Sativus L. for potential neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory applications in brain disorders: From molecular basis to therapy. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 205:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Bell G, Singham T, Saunders R, John A, Stott J. Positive psychological constructs and association with reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101594. [PMID: 35192960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors associated with dementia risk is important for informing future interventions aimed at dementia prevention. There is accumulating evidence for the association between depression and risk of dementia, however less is known about the association between positive psychological factors and dementia incidence. This review aims to synthesise evidence regarding the association between positive psychological constructs (PPCs) and later risk of MCI and dementia in adults aged 50 and over. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus until March 2021. Papers reporting on the association between at least one PPC and later risk of MCI or dementia in people aged 50 + without cognitive impairment at baseline were included. Results from the meta-analyses revealed that purpose in life was significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia (HR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.78, 0.85], p < .001), however results for positive affect were non-significant (HR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.76, 1.15], p = .54). Results for other PPCs are described narratively. Mixed findings for different PPCs highlight the importance of investigating these factors individually. Understanding which factors may play a protective role in their association with risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia could have important implications for informing dementia prevention interventions.
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14
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Shahbaz SK, Koushki K, Sathyapalan T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. PLGA-Based Curcumin Delivery System: An Interesting Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:309-323. [PMID: 34429054 PMCID: PMC9413791 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210823103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration and dysfunction of the nervous system because of oxidative stress, aggregations of misfolded proteins, and neuroinflammation are the key pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder driven by uncontrolled extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol with noticeable neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is widely studied for the alleviation of inflammatory and neurological disorders. However, the clinical application of curcumin is limited due to its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Recently, nano-based curcumin delivery systems are developed to overcome these limitations effectively. This review article discusses the effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Koushki
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- BARUiotechnol Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Antioxidant Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Nitrohydroxytyrosol in a Rat MPP + Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2923-2935. [PMID: 34260002 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, known as hydroxytyrosol (HTy), is a phenylpropanoid found in diverse vegetable species. Several studies have demonstrated that HTy is a potent antioxidant. Thus, our study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of HTy and its derivatives, hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTyA) and nitrohydroxytyrosol (HTyN), in a model of oxidative stress induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rats. Rats were administered intravenously (i.v.) in the tail with 1 mL saline solution or polyphenol compound (1.5 mg/kg) 5 min before intrastriatal infusion of 10 µg MPP+/8 µL. We found that rats injured with MPP+, pretreatment with HTy, HTyA or HTyN significantly decreased ipsilateral turns. This result was consistent with a significant preservation of striatal dopamine levels and decreased lipid fluorescence products (LFP), a marker of oxidative stress. Brain GSH/GSSG ratio, from rats pretreated with HTy or HTyN showed a significant preservation of that marker, decreased as a consequence of MPP+-induced oxidative damage. These results show an antioxidant effect of HTy, HTyA and HTyN in the MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease in the rat.
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16
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Jumnongprakhon P, Pinkaew D, Phuneerub P. The antiaging property of aqueous extract of Millingtonia hortensis flowers in aging neuron. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:14-21. [PMID: 33532349 PMCID: PMC7832191 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_187_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the key mediator of cellular dysfunction before undergoing degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. The aging process was mainly by the overactivation of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme before mediated several negative responses, including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cellular senescence regulation, and death prior encourage synaptic loss. Thus, in the recent work, we evaluated the in vitro effects of aqueous extract of Millingtonia hortensis L. (MH) from flower in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence in SK-N-SH cells. Herein, we demonstrated that MH significantly increased cell viability and decreased both of apoptotic cells and ROS production in a dose-dependent manner comparing to aging group (P < 0.01) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and ROS assay. Furthermore, the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells was also reduced in MH treatment (P < 0.01) together with the promotion of Sirt-1 protein. Importantly, MH also promoted the synaptic plasticity by decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased synaptophysin expression in aging neurons comparing to aging group (P < 0.01). Hispidulin (the active ingredient in MH) was also revealed the similarly effects to MH. Therefore, we suggested that MH might be beneficially for neurodegenerative disease that caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Jumnongprakhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Decha Pinkaew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pravaree Phuneerub
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Integrative Medicine, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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17
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Jia J, Zeng X, Xu G, Wang Z. The Potential Roles of Redox Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Thioredoxin. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091421994351. [PMID: 33557592 PMCID: PMC7876756 DOI: 10.1177/1759091421994351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing studies have demonstrated the critical importance for redox proteins mediating neuronal protection in models of AD. This review briefly describes some of the risk factors contributing to AD, specifically highlighting the important roles of oxidative stress in the pathology of AD. Then this article concisely introduces the dysregulation and functions of two main redox enzymes, peroxiredoxins and glutaredoxins, in AD models. This review emphasizes the neuroprotective role of the third redox enzyme thioredoxin (Trx), an important multifunctional protein regulating cellular redox status. This commentary not only summarizes the alterations of Trx expression in AD patients and models, but also reviews the potential effects and mechanisms of Trx, Trx-related molecules and Trx-inducing compounds against AD. In conclusion, Trx has a potential neuroprotection in AD and may be very promising for clinical therapy of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou,
China
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18
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Panzarini E, Mariano S, Tacconi S, Carata E, Tata AM, Dini L. Novel Therapeutic Delivery of Nanocurcumin in Central Nervous System Related Disorders. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010002. [PMID: 33374979 PMCID: PMC7822042 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals represent complementary or alternative beneficial products to the expensive and high-tech therapeutic tools in modern medicine. Nowadays, their medical or health benefits in preventing or treating different types of diseases is widely accepted, due to fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, improved bioavailability and long half-life. Among herbal and natural compounds, curcumin is a very attractive herbal supplement considering its multipurpose properties. The potential effects of curcumin on glia cells and its therapeutic and protective properties in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders is relevant. However, curcumin is unstable and easily degraded or metabolized into other forms posing limits to its clinical development. This is particularly important in brain pathologies determined blood brain barrier (BBB) obstacle. To enhance the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, many studies focused on the design and development of curcumin nanodelivery systems (nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and diverse nanocarriers). These nanoconstructs can increase curcumin stability, solubility, in vivo uptake, bioactivity and safety. Recently, several studies have reported on a curcumin exosome-based delivery system, showing great therapeutical potential. The present work aims to review the current available data in improving bioactivity of curcumin in treatment or prevention of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Dini
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Shi J, Wang W, Sang G, Xi H, Sun Y, Lu C, Ye H, Huang L. Short Term Usage of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampal Tissue. Front Nutr 2020; 7:572363. [PMID: 33282898 PMCID: PMC7705230 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.572363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in neonatal rat brain. Methods: Ninety-six 3-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (saline/saline), LPS/ω-3, LPS/ω-6, and LPS/saline (n = 24/group). All rats, except those in the control group, were intraperitoneally challenged once with LPS (0.6 mg/kg) and were treated with ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, or saline at 15 mL/kg for 1 or 5 consecutive days beginning on the day of LPS-challenge. Rats in the control group underwent the same procedures and received saline (vehicle). After 1 or 5 days of treatment, 12 rats from each group were sacrificed and their hippocampuses were collected. The expression of inflammation-related genes as well as the levels of oxidative stress markers in hippocampal tissues were determined. Results: After 1 or 5 days of treatment, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 and multiple proinflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in the LPS/ω-3 group compared with those in the LPS/saline group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) were significantly elevated, whereas amounts of malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSSG/GSH were remarkably lowered in the LPS/ω-3 group compared with those in the LPS/saline group after 1 day of treatment. Opposite effects were observed in the LPS/ω-6 group. Conclusion: ω-3 PUFAs may protect rat brain tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guimei Sang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Huifang Xi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hezhen Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Limi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
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20
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Wang Q, Wei S, Li L, Qiu J, Zhou S, Shi C, Shi Y, Zhou H, Lu L. TGR5 deficiency aggravates hepatic ischemic/reperfusion injury via inhibiting SIRT3/FOXO3/HIF-1ɑ pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:116. [PMID: 33298860 PMCID: PMC7604280 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is responsible for liver injury during hepatic resection and liver transplantation. The plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) could regulate immune response in multiple liver diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying role of TGR5 in hepatic I/R injury remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of TGR5 in hepatic I/R injury. Wild-type (WT) and TGR5 knockout (TGR5KO) mice were used to perform hepatic I/R, and macrophages were isolated from mice for in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated that knockout of TGR5 in mice significantly exacerbated liver injury and inflammatory response. TGR5KO mice infused with WT macrophages showed relieved liver injury. Further study revealed that TGR5 knockout inhibited sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) expression. In vitro experiments indicated that SIRT3 inhibited acetylation, ubiquitination and degradation of FOXO3. FOXO3 inhibited HIF-1α transcription by binding to its promoter. TGR5 knockout inhibited SIRT3 expression, thus promoted the acetylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of FOXO3, which resulted in increased HIF-1α transcription and macrophages proinflammatory response. Collectively, TGR5 plays a critical protective role in hepatic I/R injury. FOXO3 deacetylation mediated by SIRT3 can attenuate hepatic I/R injury. TGR5 deficiency aggravates hepatic I/R injury via inhibiting SIRT3/FOXO3/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Shi
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China. .,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Sexual hormones regulate the redox status and mitochondrial function in the brain. Pathological implications. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101505. [PMID: 32201220 PMCID: PMC7212485 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other organs, the brain is especially exposed to oxidative stress. In general, brains from young females tend to present lower oxidative damage in comparison to their male counterparts. This has been attributed to higher antioxidant defenses and a better mitochondrial function in females, which has been linked to neuroprotection in this group. However, these differences usually disappear with aging, and the incidence of brain pathologies increases in aged females. Sexual hormones, which suffer a decrease with normal aging, have been proposed as the key factors involved in these gender differences. Here, we provide an overview of redox status and mitochondrial function regulation by sexual hormones and their influence in normal brain aging. Furthermore, we discuss how sexual hormones, as well as phytoestrogens, may play an important role in the development and progression of several brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke or brain cancer. Sex hormones are reduced with aging, especially in females, affecting redox balance. Normal aging is associated to a worse redox homeostasis in the brain. Young females show better mitochondrial function and higher antioxidant defenses. Development of brain pathologies is influenced by sex hormones and phytoestrogens.
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22
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Leri M, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Calabrese V, Calabrese EJ, Bucciantini M, Stefani M. Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1250. [PMID: 32070025 PMCID: PMC7072974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
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23
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Scuto M, Di Mauro P, Ontario ML, Amato C, Modafferi S, Ciavardelli D, Trovato Salinaro A, Maiolino L, Calabrese V. Nutritional Mushroom Treatment in Meniere's Disease with Coriolus versicolor: A Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention in Neuroinflammation and Antineurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E284. [PMID: 31906226 PMCID: PMC6981469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD) represents a clinical syndrome characterized by episodes of spontaneous vertigo, associated with fluctuating, low to medium frequencies sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus, and aural fullness affecting one or both ears. To date, the cause of MD remains substantially unknown, despite increasing evidence suggesting that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may be central to the development of endolymphatic hydrops and consequent otholitic degeneration and displacement in the reuniting duct, thus originating the otolithic crisis from vestibular otolithic organs utricle or saccule. As a starting point to withstand pathological consequences, cellular pathways conferring protection against oxidative stress, such as vitagenes, are also induced, but at a level not sufficient to prevent full neuroprotection, which can be reinforced by exogenous nutritional approaches. One emerging strategy is supplementation with mushrooms. Mushroom preparations, used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, are endowed with various biological actions, including antioxidant, immunostimulatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, as well as antiviral effects. For example, therapeutic polysaccharopeptides obtained from Coriolus versicolor are commercially well established. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that neurotoxic insult represents a critical primary mediator operating in MD pathogenesis, reflected by quantitative increases of markers of oxidative stress and cellular stress response in the peripheral blood of MD patients. We evaluated systemic oxidative stress and cellular stress response in MD patients in the absence and in the presence of treatment with a biomass preparation from Coriolus. Systemic oxidative stress was estimated by measuring, in plasma, protein carbonyls, hydroxynonenals (HNE), and ultraweak luminescence, as well as by lipidomics analysis of active biolipids, such as lipoxin A4 and F2-isoprostanes, whereas in lymphocytes we determined heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp72), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin (Trx), and γ-GC liase to evaluate the systemic cellular stress response. Increased levels of carbonyls, HNE, luminescence, and F2-isoprostanes were found in MD patients with respect to the MD plus Coriolus-treated group. This was paralleled by a significant (p < 0.01) induction, after Coriolus treatment, of vitagenes such as HO-1, Hsp70, Trx, sirtuin-1, and γ-GC liase in lymphocyte and by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the plasma ratio-reduced glutathione (GSH) vs. oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In conclusion, patients affected by MD are under conditions of systemic oxidative stress, and the induction of vitagenes after mushroom supplementation indicates a maintained response to counteract intracellular pro-oxidant status. The present study also highlights the importance of investigating MD as a convenient model of cochlear neurodegenerative disease. Thus, searching innovative and more potent inducers of the vitagene system can allow the development of pharmacological strategies capable of enhancing the intrinsic reserve of vulnerable neurons, such as ganglion cells to maximize antidegenerative stress responses and thus providing neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Chiara Amato
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- School of Human and Scocial Science, “Kore” University of Enna, Via Salvatore Mazza 1, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale-CeSI-Met, via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
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24
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Concetta Scuto M, Mancuso C, Tomasello B, Laura Ontario M, Cavallaro A, Frasca F, Maiolino L, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Curcumin, Hormesis and the Nervous System. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2417. [PMID: 31658697 PMCID: PMC6835324 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn (family Zingiberaceae) commonly used as a spice to color and flavor food. Several preclinical studies have suggested beneficial roles for curcumin as an adjuvant therapy in free radical-based diseases, mainly neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, curcumin belongs to the family of hormetins and the enhancement of the cell stress response, mainly the heme oxygenase-1 system, is actually considered the common denominator for this dual response. However, evidence-based medicine has clearly demonstrated the lack of any therapeutic effect of curcumin to contrast the onset or progression of neurodegeneration and related diseases. Finally, the curcumin safety profile imposes a careful analysis of the risk/benefit balance prior to proposing chronic supplementation with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cavallaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
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25
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Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070235. [PMID: 31336672 PMCID: PMC6680731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.
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26
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Candido S, Lupo G, Pennisi M, Basile MS, Anfuso CD, Petralia MC, Gattuso G, Vivarelli S, Spandidos DA, Libra M, Falzone L. The analysis of miRNA expression profiling datasets reveals inverse microRNA patterns in glioblastoma and Alzheimer's disease. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:911-922. [PMID: 31322245 PMCID: PMC6682788 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is recent evidence to indicate the existence of an inverse association between the incidence of neurological disorders and cancer development. Concurrently, the transcriptional pathways responsible for the onset of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found to be mutually exclusive between the two pathologies. Despite advancements being made concerning the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of GBM and AD, little is known about the identity of the microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) involved in the development and progression of these two pathologies and their possible inverse expression patterns. On these bases, the aim of the present study was to identify a set of miRNAs significantly de-regulated in both GBM and AD, and hence to determine whether the identified miRNAs exhibit an inverse association within the two pathologies. For this purpose, miRNA expression profiling datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets and relative to GBM and AD were used. Once the miRNAs significantly de-regulated in both pathologies were identified, DIANA-mirPath pathway prediction and STRING Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed to establish their functional roles in each of the pathologies. The results allowed the identification of a set of miRNAs found de-regulated in both GBM and AD, whose expression levels were inversely associated in the two pathologies. In particular, a strong negative association was observed between the expression levels of miRNAs in GBM compared to AD, suggesting that although the molecular pathways behind the development of these two pathologies are the same, they appear to be inversely regulated by miRNAs. Despite the identification of this set of miRNAs which may be used for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes, further functional in vitro and in vivo evaluations are warranted in order to validate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the identified miRNAs, as well as their involvement in the development of GBM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria S Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina D Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria C Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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27
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Gasperi V, Sibilano M, Savini I, Catani MV. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040974. [PMID: 30813414 PMCID: PMC6412771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin (also known as "vitamin B₃" or "vitamin PP") includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B₃ has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Novel molecular mechanisms for the adaptogenic effects of herbal extracts on isolated brain cells using systems biology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:257-284. [PMID: 30466987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts that increase adaptability and survival of organisms under stress. Adaptogens stimulate cellular and organismal defense systems by activating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways and expression of stress-activated proteins and neuropeptides. The effects adaptogens on mediators of adaptive stress response and longevity signaling pathways have been reported, but their stress-protective mechanisms are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify key molecular mechanisms of adaptogenic plants traditionally used to treat stress and aging-related disorders, i.e., Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and Bryonia alba. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptogens, we conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of adaptogens and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to adaptive stress-response signaling pathways using in silico pathway analysis software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At least 88 of the 3516 genes regulated by adaptogens were closely associated with adaptive stress response and adaptive stress-response signaling pathways (ASRSPs), including neuronal signaling related to corticotropin-releasing hormone, cAMP-mediated, protein kinase A, and CREB; pathways related to signaling involving CXCR4, melatonin, nitric oxide synthase, GP6, Gαs, MAPK, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, opioids, renin-angiotensin, AMPK, calcium, and synapses; and pathways associated with dendritic cell maturation and G-coupled protein receptor-mediated nutrient sensing in enteroendocrine cells. All samples tested showed significant effects on the expression of genes encoding neurohormones CRH, GNRH, UCN, G-protein-coupled and other transmembrane receptors TLR9, PRLR, CHRNE, GP1BA, PLXNA4, a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor RORA, transmembrane channels, transcription regulators FOS, FOXO6, SCX, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, ZNF467, protein kinases MAPK10, MAPK13, MERTK, FLT1, PRKCH, ROS1, TTN), phosphatases PTPRD, PTPRR, peptidases, metabolic enzymes, a chaperone (HSPA6), and other proteins, all of which modulate numerous life processes, playing key roles in several canonical pathways involved in defense response and regulation of homeostasis in organisms. It is for the first time we report that the molecular mechanism of actions of melatonin and plant adaptogens are alike, all adaptogens tested activated the melatonin signaling pathway by acting through two G-protein-coupled membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and upregulation of the ligand-specific nuclear receptor RORA, which plays a role in intellectual disability, neurological disorders, retinopathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cancer, which are common in aging. Furthermore, melatonin activated adaptive signaling pathways and upregulated expression of UCN, GNRH1, TLR9, GP1BA, PLXNA4, CHRM4, GPR19, VIPR2, RORA, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, FLT1, MAPK10, MERTK, PRKCH, and TTN, which were commonly regulated by all adaptogens tested. We conclude that melatonin is an adaptation hormone playing an important role in regulation of homeostasis. Adaptogens presumably worked as eustressors ("stress-vaccines") to activate the cellular adaptive system by inducing the expression of ASRSPs, which then reciprocally protected cells from damage caused by distress. Functional investigation by interactive pathways analysis demonstrated that adaptogens activated ASRSPs associated with stress-induced and aging-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, cardiovascular health, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and cancer. CONCLUSION This study has elucidated the genome-wide effects of several adaptogenic herbal extracts in brain cells culture. These data highlight the consistent activation of ASRSPs by adaptogens in T98G neuroglia cells. The extracts affected many genes playing key roles in modulation of adaptive homeostasis, indicating their ability to modify gene expression to prevent stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive look at the molecular mechanisms by which adaptogens exerts stress-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Rizzi L, Roriz-Cruz M. Sirtuin 1 and Alzheimer's disease: An up-to-date review. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:54-60. [PMID: 30007474 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate a large number of cellular pathways and are related to aging and age-associated diseases. In recent years, the role of sirtuins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly apparent. Growing evidence demonstrates that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates many processes that go amiss in AD, such as: APP processing, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we review how SIRT1 affects AD and cognition, the main mechanisms in which SIRT1 is related to AD pathology, and its importance for the prevention and possible diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liara Rizzi
- Division of Geriatric Neurology, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Roriz-Cruz
- Division of Geriatric Neurology, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
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Echtay KS, Bienengraeber M, Mayinger P, Heimpel S, Winkler E, Druhmann D, Frischmuth K, Kamp F, Huang SG. Uncoupling proteins: Martin Klingenberg's contributions for 40 years. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 657:41-55. [PMID: 30217511 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The uncoupling protein (UCP1) is a proton (H+) transporter in the mitochondrial inner membrane. By dissipating the electrochemical H+ gradient, UCP1 uncouples respiration from ATP synthesis, which drives an increase in substrate oxidation via the TCA cycle flux that generates more heat. The mitochondrial uncoupling-mediated non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is vital primarily to mammals, such as rodents and new-born humans, but more recently additional functions in adult humans have been described. UCP1 is regulated by β-adrenergic receptors through the sympathetic nervous system and at the molecular activity level by nucleotides and fatty acid to meet thermogenesis needs. The discovery of novel UCP homologs has greatly contributed to the understanding of human diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In this article, we review the progress made towards the molecular mechanism and function of the UCPs, in particular focusing on the influential contributions from Martin Klingenberg's laboratory. Because all members of the UCP family are potentially promising drug targets, we also present and discuss possible approaches and methods for UCP-related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim S Echtay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box: 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Martin Bienengraeber
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Peter Mayinger
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension and Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Simone Heimpel
- Campus of Applied Science, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Münzstraße 12, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edith Winkler
- Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Doerthe Druhmann
- Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Frischmuth
- Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Shu-Gui Huang
- BioAssay Systems, 3191 Corporate Place, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
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Calabrese V, Santoro A, Monti D, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Latteri S, Cuzzocrea S, Zappia M, Giordano J, Calabrese EJ, Franceschi C. Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Inflammaging, neuroinflammation and biological remodeling as key factors in pathogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:80-91. [PMID: 29080843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) it is important to consider possible contributory factors inherent to the aging process, as age-related changes in a number of physiological systems (perhaps incurred within particular environments) appear to influence the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, we posit that a principal mechanism underlying PD is inflammaging, i.e. the chronic inflammatory process characterized by an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms which has been recognized as operative in several age-related, and notably neurodegenerative diseases. Recent conceptualization suggests that inflammaging is part of the complex adaptive mechanisms ("re-modeling") that are ongoing through the lifespan, and which function to prevent or mitigate endogenous processes of tissue disruption and degenerative change(s). The absence of an adequate anti-inflammatory response can fuel inflammaging, which propagates on both local (i.e.- from cell to cell) and systemic levels (e.g.- via exosomes and other molecules present in the blood). In general, this scenario is compatible with the hypothesis that inflammaging represents a hormetic or hormetic-like effect, in which low levels of inflammatory stress may prompt induction of anti-inflammatory mediators and mechanisms, while sustained pro-inflammatory stress incurs higher and more durable levels of inflammatory substances, which, in turn prompt a local-to-systemic effect and more diverse inflammatory response(s). Given this perspective, new treatments of PD may be envisioned that strategically are aimed at exerting hormetic effects to sustain anti-inflammatory responses, inclusive perhaps, of modulating the inflammatory influence of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; IBREGENS, Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Biotechnologies Research Associated, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of General Surgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Prospects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6435861. [PMID: 29636850 PMCID: PMC5831771 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6435861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and a great socioeconomic burden in the aging society. Compelling evidence demonstrates that molecular change characteristics for AD, such as oxidative stress and amyloid β (Aβ) oligomerization, precede by decades the onset of clinical dementia and that the disease represents a biological and clinical continuum of stages, from asymptomatic to severely impaired. Nevertheless, the sequence of the early molecular alterations and the interplay between them are incompletely understood. This review presents current knowledge about the oxidative stress-induced impairments and compromised oxidative stress defense mechanisms in AD brain and the cross-talk between various pathophysiological insults, with the focus on excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Aβ overproduction at the early stages of the disease. Prospects for AD therapies targeting oxidant/antioxidant imbalance are being discussed, as well as for the development of novel oxidative stress-related, blood-based biomarkers for early, noninvasive AD diagnostics.
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Elibol B, Kilic U. High Levels of SIRT1 Expression as a Protective Mechanism Against Disease-Related Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 30374331 PMCID: PMC6196295 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 protein, a member of Silent Information Regulator 2 (Sir2) protein family, have gained considerable attention as epigenetic regulators for a great area in the human physiology. Changes in sirtuin expression are critical in several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the association of the increasing level of SIRT1 protein for regulating some disease related conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. This review also provides a detailed molecular understanding of the interaction of the some basic molecules with increasing SIRT1 levels rather than reduction of the SIRT1 expression. In this context, the current approaches to enhancing the expression of SIRT1 points the importance of epigenetics in several age-related diseases to provide a healthy aging by developing novel therapies which can prevent or damp the progression of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Ulkan Kilic
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Wang X, Ma S, Yang B, Huang T, Meng N, Xu L, Xing Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li Q, Zhang T, Wu J, Yang GL, Guan F, Wang J. Resveratrol promotes hUC-MSCs engraftment and neural repair in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:297-304. [PMID: 29102593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, poor engraftment and limited survival rates are major obstacles for its clinical application. Resveratrol, an activator of silent information regulator 2, homolog 1 (SIRT1), regulates cell destiny and is beneficial for neurodegenerative disorders. The present study is designed to explore whether resveratrol regulates the fate of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and whether hUC-MSCs combined with resveratrol would be efficacious in the treatment of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of AD through SIRT1 signaling. Herein, we report that resveratrol facilitates hUC-MSCs engraftment in the hippocampus of AD mice and resveratrol enhances the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs in this model as demonstrated by improved learning and memory in the Morris water maze, enhanced neurogenesis and alleviated neural apoptosis in the hippocampus of the AD mice. Moreover, hUC-MSCs and resveratrol jointly regulate expression of hippocampal SIRT1, PCNA, p53, ac-p53, p21, and p16. These data strongly suggests that hUC-MSCs transplantation combined with resveratrol may be an effective therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Tuanjie Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qu Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,USA
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Gleave JA, Arathoon LR, Trinh D, Lizal KE, Giguère N, Barber JH, Najarali Z, Khan MH, Thiele SL, Semmen MS, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Eubanks JH, Trudeau LE, Nash JE. Sirtuin 3 rescues neurons through the stabilisation of mitochondrial biogenetics in the virally-expressing mutant α-synuclein rat model of parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:133-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Loesch DZ, Annesley SJ, Trost N, Bui MQ, Lay ST, Storey E, De Piazza SW, Sanislav O, Francione LM, Hammersley EM, Tassone F, Francis D, Fisher PR. Novel Blood Biomarkers Are Associated with White Matter Lesions in Fragile X- Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 17:22-30. [PMID: 27602566 PMCID: PMC10964908 DOI: 10.1159/000446803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for accessible cellular biomarkers of neurodegeneration in carriers of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation (PM) alleles. OBJECTIVE To assess the mitochondrial status and respiration in blood lymphoblasts from PM carriers manifesting the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and non-FXTAS carriers, and their relationship with the brain white matter lesions. METHODS Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and ATP synthesis using a Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyser, and steady-state parameters of mitochondrial function were assessed in cultured lymphoblasts from 16 PM males (including 11 FXTAS patients) and 9 matched controls. The regional white matter hyperintensity (WMH) scores were obtained from MRI. RESULTS Mitochondrial respiratory activity was significantly elevated in lymphoblasts from PM carriers compared with controls, with a 2- to 3-fold increase in basal and maximum OCR attributable to complex I activity, and ATP synthesis, accompanied by unaltered mitochondrial mass and membrane potential. The changes, which were more advanced in FXTAS patients, were significantly associated with the WMH scores in the supratentorial regions. CONCLUSION The dramatic increase in mitochondrial activity in lymphoblasts from PM carriers may represent either the early stages of disease (specific alterations in short-lived blood cells) or an activation of the lymphocytes under pathological situations. These changes may provide early, convenient blood biomarkers of clinical involvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Z. Loesch
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah J. Annesley
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicholas Trost
- Medical Imaging Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Minh Q. Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sui T. Lay
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Medicine (Neuroscience), Monash University (Alfred Hospital Campus), Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shawn W. De Piazza
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lisa M. Francione
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Eleanor M. Hammersley
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - David Francis
- Cytomolecular Diagnostic Research, Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul R. Fisher
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Maynard S, Hejl AM, Dinh TST, Keijzers G, Hansen ÅM, Desler C, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bürkle A, Rasmussen LJ, Waldemar G, Bohr VA. Defective mitochondrial respiration, altered dNTP pools and reduced AP endonuclease 1 activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:793-815. [PMID: 26539816 PMCID: PMC4637207 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are badly needed. Recent reports suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria and DNA damage are associated with AD development. In this report, we measured various cellular parameters, related to mitochondrial bioenergetics and DNA damage, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD and control participants, for biomarker discovery. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from 53 patients with AD of mild to moderate degree and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Tests were performed on the PBMCs from as many of these participants as possible. We measured glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration fluxes using the Seahorse Bioscience flux analyzer, mitochondrial ROS production using flow cytometry, dNTP levels by way of a DNA polymerization assay, DNA strand breaks using the Fluorometric detection of Alkaline DNA Unwinding (FADU) assay, and APE1 incision activity (in cell lysates) on a DNA substrate containing an AP site (to estimate DNA repair efficiency). RESULTS In the PBMCs of AD patients, we found reduced basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption, reduced proton leak, higher dATP level, and lower AP endonuclease 1 activity, depending on adjustments for gender and/or age. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals impaired mitochondrial respiration, altered dNTP pools and reduced DNA repair activity in PBMCs of AD patients, thus suggesting that these biochemical activities may be useful as biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hejl
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thuan-Son T Dinh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lene J Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Bua O, Di Mauro P, Toscano MA, Petralia CCT, Maiolino L, Serra A, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium Erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:23. [PMID: 27398086 PMCID: PMC4938991 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been a recent upsurge of interest in complementary medicine, especially dietary supplements and foods functional in delaying the onset of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Mushrooms have long been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, being now increasingly recognized as antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and hepatoprotective agent also capable to stimulate host immune responses. Results Here we provide evidence of neuroprotective action of Hericium Herinaceus when administered orally to rat. Expression of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was measured in different brain regions after oral administration of a biomass Hericium preparation, given for 3 month. LXA4 up-regulation was associated with an increased content of redox sensitive proteins involved in cellular stress response, such as Hsp72, Heme oxygenase −1 and Thioredoxin. In the brain of rats receiving Hericium, maximum induction of LXA4 was observed in cortex, and hippocampus followed by substantia Nigra, striatum and cerebellum. Increasing evidence supports the notion that oxidative stress-driven neuroinflammation is a fundamental cause in neurodegenerative diseases. As prominent intracellular redox system involved in neuroprotection, the vitagene system is emerging as a neurohormetic potential target for novel cytoprotective interventions. Vitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins 70, heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin and Lipoxin A4. Emerging interest is now focussing on molecules capable of activating the vitagene system as novel therapeutic target to minimize deleterious consequences associated with free radical-induced cell damage, such as in neurodegeneration. LXA4 is an emerging endogenous eicosanoid able to promote resolution of inflammation, acting as an endogenous “braking signal” in the inflammatory process. In addition, Hsp system is emerging as key pathway for modulation to prevent neuronal dysfunction, caused by protein misfolding. Conclusions Conceivably, activation of LXA4 signaling and modulation of stress responsive vitagene proteins could serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD-related inflammation and neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - R Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M L Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ornella Bua
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M A Toscano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - C C T Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - L Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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He N, Zhu X, He W, Zhao S, Zhao W, Zhu C. Resveratrol inhibits the hydrogen dioxide-induced apoptosis via Sirt 1 activation in osteoblast cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 79:1779-86. [PMID: 26406155 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1062712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sirt 1 plays a critical role in stress responses. We determined the deregulation of Sirt 1 activity, p53 acetylation, Bcl-2 expression, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells which were exposed to H2O2. And then we investigated the protective role of Sirt 1 activator, Resveratrol (RSV), against the H2O2-induced apoptosis. Results demonstrated that Sirt 1 and Bcl-2 were inhibited, whereas p53 acetylation, Bax, and caspase 9 were promoted by H2O2, as was aggravated by the Sirt 1 inhibitor, EX-527. Instead, RSV inhibited the H2O2-induced both p53 acetylation and the caspase 9 activation, whereas ameliorated the H2O2-induced Bcl-2 inhibition and apoptosis. In conclusion, Sirt 1 was downregulated during the H2O2-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. And the chemical activation of Sirt 1 inhibited the H2O2-induced apoptosis via the downregulation of p53 acetylation. Our results suggest that Sirt 1 upregulation appears to be an important strategy to inhibit the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- a Department of Anatomy College of Basic Medicine , Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- b The Otolaryngological Department , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wei He
- c Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Weiyan Zhao
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
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Mitochondria in White, Brown, and Beige Adipocytes. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6067349. [PMID: 27073398 PMCID: PMC4814709 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6067349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism in many tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Three types of adipose depots can be identified in mammals, commonly classified according to their colour appearance: the white (WAT), the brown (BAT), and the beige/brite/brown-like (bAT) adipose tissues. WAT is mainly involved in the storage and mobilization of energy and BAT is predominantly responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that adipocyte mitochondria might play an important role in the development of obesity through defects in mitochondrial lipogenesis and lipolysis, regulation of adipocyte differentiation, apoptosis, production of oxygen radicals, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and regulation of conversion of white adipocytes into brown-like adipocytes. This review summarizes the main characteristics of each adipose tissue subtype and describes morphological and functional modifications focusing on mitochondria and their activity in healthy and unhealthy adipocytes.
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Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Fronte V, Koverech G, Luca M, Serra A, Toscano MA, Petralia A, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Coriolus versicolor in rat brain: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurotoxicology 2015; 53:350-358. [PMID: 26433056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that oxidative stress-driven neuroinflammation is an early pathological feature in neurodegenerative diseases. As a prominent intracellular redox system involved in neuroprotection, the vitagene system is emerging as a potential neurohormetic target for novel cytoprotective interventions. Vitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins 70, heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin and lipoxin A4. Emerging interest is now focusing on molecules capable of activating the vitagene system as novel therapeutic targets to minimize deleterious consequences associated with free radical-induced cell damage, such as in neurodegeneration. Mushroom-derived lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an emerging endogenous eicosanoid able to promote resolution of inflammation, acting as an endogenous "braking signal" in the inflammatory process. Mushrooms have long been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, being now increasingly recognized as rich source of polysaccharopeptides endowed with significant antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and cytoprotective effects, thereby capable of stimulating host immune responses. Here we provide evidence of a neuroprotective action of the Coriolus mushroom when administered orally to rat. Expression of LXA4 was measured in different brain regions after oral administration of a Coriolus biomass preparation, given for 30 days. LXA4 up-regulation was associated with an increased content of redox sensitive proteins involved in cellular stress response, such as Hsp72, heme oxygenase-1 and thioredoxin. In the brain of rats receiving Coriolus, maximum induction of LXA4 was observed in cortex and hippocampus. Hsps induction was associated with no significant changes in IkBα, NFkB and COX-2 brain levels. Conceivably, activation of LXA4 signaling and modulation of stress-responsive vitagene proteins could serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD-related inflammation and neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Siracusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V Fronte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Koverech
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Luca
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M A Toscano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Mu HN, Li Q, Pan CS, Liu YY, Yan L, Hu BH, Sun K, Chang X, Zhao XR, Fan JY, Han JY. Caffeic acid attenuates rat liver reperfusion injury through sirtuin 3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:237-49. [PMID: 25960048 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) plays critical roles in regulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, whether Sirt3 is involved in liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury remains elusive. Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural antioxidant derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Whether CA protects against liver I/R injury through regulating Sirt3 and the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is unclear. This study investigated the effect of CA on liver I/R injury, microcirculatory disturbance, and potential mechanisms, particularly focusing on Sirt3-dependent MRC. Liver I/R of male Sprague-Dawley rats was established by occlusion of portal area vessels for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. CA (15 mg/kg/h) was continuously infused via the femoral vein starting 30 min before ischemia. After I/R, Sirt3 expression, and MRC activity decreased, acetylation of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein variant provoked, and the liver microcirculatory disturbance and injury were observed. Treatment with CA attenuated liver injury, inhibited Sirt3 down-expression, and up-regulated MRC activity. CA attenuated rat liver microcirculatory disturbance and oxidative injury through regulation of Sirt3 and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Na Mu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-He Hu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhao
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Carvalho C, Correia SC, Cardoso S, Plácido AI, Candeias E, Duarte AI, Moreira PI. The role of mitochondrial disturbances in Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:867-84. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1058160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lessons from Microglia Aging for the Link between Inflammatory Bone Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:471342. [PMID: 26078980 PMCID: PMC4452354 DOI: 10.1155/2015/471342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is sensitive to overactive immune responses, which initiate the onset of inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, resulting in a significant systemic inflammatory response. On the other hand, neuroinflammation is strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can be enhanced by systemic inflammation, such as that due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is growing clinical evidence supporting the concept that rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis are positively linked to AD, suggesting that inflammatory bone disorders are risk factors for this condition. Recent studies have suggested that leptomeningeal cells play an important role in transducing systemic inflammatory signals to brain-resident microglia. More importantly, senescent-type, but not juvenile-type, microglia provoke neuroinflammation in response to systemic inflammation. Because the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis increases with age, inflammatory bone disorders may be significant sources of covert systemic inflammation among elderly people. The present review article highlights our current understanding of the link between inflammatory bone disorders and AD with a special focus on microglia aging.
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Fan H, Wu PF, Zhang L, Hu ZL, Wang W, Guan XL, Luo H, Ni M, Yang JW, Li MX, Chen JG, Wang F. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A negatively controls microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via inhibiting ROS/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways through a catalytic antioxidant function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:832-47. [PMID: 25602783 PMCID: PMC4367238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative burst is one of the earliest biochemical events in the inflammatory activation of microglia. Here, we investigated the potential role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), a key antioxidant enzyme, in the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS MsrA was detected in rat microglia and its expression was upregulated on microglial activation. Silencing of MsrA exacerbated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia and the production of inflammatory markers, indicating that MsrA may function as an endogenous protective mechanism for limiting uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Application of exogenous MsrA by transducing Tat-rMsrA fusion protein into microglia attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammatory events, which was indicated by an increased Iba1 (a specific microglial marker) expression and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and this attenuation was accompanied by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways such as p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). These effects were due to MsrA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, which may be derived from a catalytic effect of MsrA on the reaction of methionine with ROS. Furthermore, the transduction of Tat-rMsrA fusion protein suppressed the activation of microglia and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in a rat model of neuroinflammation in vivo. INNOVATION This study provides the first direct evidence for the biological significance of MsrA in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Our data provide a profound insight into the role of endogenous antioxidative defense systems such as MsrA in the control of microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan City, China
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Almeida LO, Goto RN, Neto MPC, Sousa LO, Curti C, Leopoldino AM. SET overexpression in HEK293 cells regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins levels within a mitochondrial fission/reduced autophagic flux scenario. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:300-6. [PMID: 25656576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that SET, a protein accumulated in some cancer types and Alzheimer disease, is involved in cell death through mitochondrial mechanisms. We addressed the mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 (S and L isoforms) by quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence as well as other mitochondrial involvements, in HEK293 cells overexpressing the SET protein (HEK293/SET), either in the presence or absence of oxidative stress induced by the pro-oxidant t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). SET overexpression in HEK293 cells decreased UCP1 and increased UCP2 and UCP3 (S/L) mRNA and protein levels, whilst also preventing lipid peroxidation and decreasing the content of cellular ATP. SET overexpression also (i) decreased the area of mitochondria and increased the number of organelles and lysosomes, (ii) increased mitochondrial fission, as demonstrated by increased FIS1 mRNA and FIS-1 protein levels, an apparent accumulation of DRP-1 protein, and an increase in the VDAC protein level, and (iii) reduced autophagic flux, as demonstrated by a decrease in LC3B lipidation (LC3B-II) in the presence of chloroquine. Therefore, SET overexpression in HEK293 cells promotes mitochondrial fission and reduces autophagic flux in apparent association with up-regulation of UCP2 and UCP3; this implies a potential involvement in cellular processes that are deregulated such as in Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana O Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata N Goto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo P C Neto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Dubey A, Prajapati KS, Swamy M, Pachauri V. Heat shock proteins: a therapeutic target worth to consider. Vet World 2015; 8:46-51. [PMID: 27046995 PMCID: PMC4777810 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.46-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the molecular chaperones, that are not only expressed during the normal growth process of cell cycle consecutively, but also get induced in cells during various stress conditions produced by cellular insult, environmental changes, temperature, infections, tumors etc. According to their molecular weight and functions, HSPs are divided into five major families. HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP100 are the most studied members of the family. Experimental studies have proved that overexpression and/or inhibition of HSPs play an important role in maintaining the tolerance and cell viability under above-described stress conditions. HSP90 is found to be a promising the candidate for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Similarly, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSPs experimentally and clinically have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, ischemia, cell death, autoimmunity, graft rejection, etc. In a way, exploring, the cytoprotective and immunoregulatory role of HSPs can open a new avenue for the drug discovery and treatment of critical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Dubey
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K S Prajapati
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhu Swamy
- Department of Pathology, College of veterinary science & AH, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - V Pachauri
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Nam YJ, Lee DH, Shin YK, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Flavanonol Taxifolin Attenuates Proteasome Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiated PC12 Cells by Suppressing Cell Death Process. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:480-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Electrochemically reduced water protects neural cells from oxidative damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:869121. [PMID: 25383141 PMCID: PMC4212634 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses and their incidence tends to increase with aging. Brain is the most vulnerable to reactive species generated by a higher rate of oxygen consumption and glucose utilization compared to other organs. Electrochemically reduced water (ERW) was demonstrated to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several cell types. In the present study, the protective effect of ERW against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in several rodent neuronal cell lines and primary cells. ERW was found to significantly suppress H2O2 (50–200 μM) induced PC12 and SFME cell deaths. ERW scavenged intracellular ROS and exhibited a protective effect against neuronal network damage caused by 200 μM H2O2 in N1E-115 cells. ERW significantly suppressed NO-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells despite the fact that it did not have the ability to scavenge intracellular NO. ERW significantly suppressed both glutamate induced Ca2+ influx and the resulting cytotoxicity in primary cells. These results collectively demonstrated for the first time that ERW protects several types of neuronal cells by scavenging ROS because of the presence of hydrogen and platinum nanoparticles dissolved in ERW.
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50
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Cornelius C, Koverech G, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Koverech A, Lodato F, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Osteoporosis and alzheimer pathology: Role of cellular stress response and hormetic redox signaling in aging and bone remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:120. [PMID: 24959146 PMCID: PMC4050335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are multifactorial progressive degenerative disorders. Increasing evidence shows that osteoporosis and hip fracture are common complication observed in AD patients, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as intracellular redox signaling molecules involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-dependent osteoclast differentiation, but they also have cytotoxic effects that include lipoperoxidation and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. ROS generation, which is implicated in the regulation of cellular stress response mechanisms, is an integrated, highly regulated, process under control of redox sensitive genes coding for redox proteins called vitagenes. Vitagenes, encoding for proteins such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin, and the sirtuin protein, represent a systems controlling a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways relevant to life span and involved in the preservation of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Consistently, nutritional anti-oxidants have demonstrated their neuroprotective potential through a hormetic-dependent activation of vitagenes. The biological relevance of dose–response affects those strategies pointing to the optimal dosing to patients in the treatment of numerous diseases. Thus, the heat shock response has become an important hormetic target for novel cytoprotective strategies focusing on the pharmacological development of compounds capable of modulating stress response mechanisms. Here we discuss possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes which, relevant to bone remodeling and through enhancement of cellular stress resistance provide a rationale to limit the deleterious consequences associated to homeostasis disruption with consequent impact on the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Cornelius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania Catania, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Koverech
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Angela T Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Messina, Italy ; University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
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