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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Chen Z, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yu J, Sun W, Chen L, Du Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wu J. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus strains with Higher Virulence Cause Marked Protein Profile Changes in MARC-145 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15000. [PMID: 30302013 PMCID: PMC6177479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is an infectious disease that causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. To better understand the pathogenesis of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), three PRRSV strains with different molecular markers and virulence were used to infect MARC-145 cells. A total of 1804 proteins were identified, and 233 altered proteins and 72 signaling pathways involved in the proteomic profiling of virus-infected MARC-145 cells increased with the virulence of the PRRSV strain. The three types of viral strains shared a common pathway—the electron transport reaction in mitochondria—in the infected-MARC-145 cells. Moreover, the antisense pathway was the most variable of all significant signaling pathways for the highly virulent SX-1 strain, indicating that this unique pathway may be connected to the high virulence of the SX-1 strain. Our study is the first attempt to provide a proteome profile of MARC-145 cells infected with PRRSV strains with different virulence, and these findings will facilitate a deep understanding of the interactions between this virus and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shaoning Liu
- Shandong Institute of Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shujin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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3
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Chandra S, Kalaivani R, Kumar M, Srinivasan N, Sarkar DP. Sendai virus recruits cellular villin to remodel actin cytoskeleton during fusion with hepatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3801-3814. [PMID: 29074568 PMCID: PMC5739296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstituted Sendai viral envelopes (virosomes) are well recognized for their promising potential in membrane fusion-mediated delivery of bioactive molecules to liver cells. Despite the known function of viral envelope glycoproteins in catalyzing fusion with cellular membrane, the role of host cell proteins remains elusive. Here, we used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis to analyze hepatic cells in early response to virosome-induced membrane fusion. Quantitative mass spectrometry together with biochemical analysis revealed that villin, an actin-modifying protein, is differentially up-regulated and phosphorylated at threonine 206-an early molecular event during membrane fusion. We found that villin influences actin dynamics and that this influence, in turn, promotes membrane mixing through active participation of Sendai viral envelope glycoproteins. Modulation of villin in host cells also resulted in a discernible effect on the entry and egress of progeny Sendai virus. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism of regulated viral entry in animal cells mediated by host factor villin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandini Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Raju Kalaivani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB20QH, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Debi P Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
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4
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Han J, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H. Pathogenesis and control of the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:30-47. [PMID: 28292547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has remained a major threat to the worldwide swine industry ever since its first discovery in the early 1990s. Under the selective pressures in the field, this positive-stranded RNA virus undergoes rapid genetic evolution that eventually leads to emergence in 2006 of the devastating Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). The atypical nature of HP-PRRSV has caused colossal economic losses to the swine producers in China and the surrounding countries. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, evolution and ongoing field practices on the control of this troubling virus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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5
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Loving CL, Osorio FA, Murtaugh MP, Zuckermann FA. Innate and adaptive immunity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015. [PMID: 26209116 PMCID: PMC7112826 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many highly effective vaccines have been produced against viruses whose virulent infection elicits strong and durable protective immunity. In these cases, characterization of immune effector mechanisms and identification of protective epitopes/immunogens has been informative for the development of successful vaccine programs. Diseases in which the immune system does not rapidly clear the acute infection and/or convalescent immunity does not provide highly effective protection against secondary challenge pose a major hurdle for clinicians and scientists. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) falls primarily into this category, though not entirely. PRRSV causes a prolonged infection, though the host eventually clears the virus. Neutralizing antibodies can provide passive protection when present prior to challenge, though infection can be controlled in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies. In addition, primed pigs (through natural exposure or vaccination with a modified-live vaccine) show some protection against secondary challenge. While peripheral PRRSV-specific T cell responses have been examined, their direct contribution to antibody-mediated immunity and viral clearance have not been fully elucidated. The innate immune response following PRRSV infection, particularly the antiviral type I interferon response, is meager, but when provided exogenously, IFN-α enhances PRRSV immunity and viral control. Overall, the quality of immunity induced by natural PRRSV infection is not ideal for informing vaccine development programs. The epitopes necessary for protection may be identified through natural exposure or modified-live vaccines and subsequently applied to vaccine delivery platforms to accelerate induction of protective immunity following vaccination. Collectively, further work to identify protective B and T cell epitopes and mechanisms by which PRRSV eludes innate immunity will enhance our ability to develop more effective methods to control and eliminate PRRS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Loving
- USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Fernando A Osorio
- Nebraska Center for Virology and School of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Federico A Zuckermann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
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6
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Integrated miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM cells) identifies strain-specific miRNA molecular signatures associated with H-PRRSV and N-PRRSV infection. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5863-75. [PMID: 24962047 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant viral diseases in swine, which causes large economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. There is considerable strain variation in PRRSV and two examples of this are the highly virulent Chinese-type PRRSV (H-PRRSV) and the classical North American type PRRSV (N-PRRSV), both with different pathogenesis. These differences may be due in part to genetic and phenotypic differences in virus replication, but also interaction with the host cell. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression and play vital roles in virus and host interactions. However, the regulation role of miRNAs during PRRSV infection has not been systematically investigated. In order to better understand the differential regulation roles of cellular miRNAs in the host response to PRRSV, miRNA expression and a global mRNA transcriptome profile was determined in primary cells infected with either H-PRRSV or N-PRRSV as multiple time points during the viral lifecycle. miRNA-mRNA interactome networks were constructed by integrating the differentially expressed miRNAs and inversely correlated target mRNAs. Using gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, cellular pathways associated with deregulated miRNAs were identified, including immune response, phagosome, autophagy, lysosome, autolysis, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. To our knowledge, this is the first global analysis of strain-specific host miRNA molecular signatures associated with H- and N-PRRSV infection by integrating miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes and provides a new perspective on the contribution of miRNAs to the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.
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7
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Simultaneous detection and differentiation of highly virulent and classical Chinese-type isolation of PRRSV by real-time RT-PCR. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:809656. [PMID: 25114934 PMCID: PMC4119655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/809656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a leading disease in pig industry worldwide and can result in serious economic losses each year. The PRRS epidemic situation in China has been very complicated since the unprecedented large-scale highly pathogenic PRRS (HP-PRRS) outbreaks in 2006. And now the HP-PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) and classical North American type PRRSV strains have coexisted in China. Rapid differential detection of the two strains of PRRSV is very important for effective PRRS control. The real-time RT-PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV by using both SYBR Green and TaqMan probes was developed and validated. Both assays can be used for rapid detection and strain-specific identification of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV. However, the TaqMan probe method had the highest detection rate whereas the conventional RT-PCR was the lowest. The real-time RT-PCR developed based on SYBR Green and TaqMan probe could be used for simultaneous detection and differentiation of HP-PRRSV and PRRSV in China, which will benefit much the PRRS control and research.
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8
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Inhibition of replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by hemin is highly dependent on heme oxygenase-1, but independent of iron in MARC-145 cells. Antiviral Res 2014; 105:39-46. [PMID: 24583029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have failed to provide sustainable disease control, and development of new antiviral strategies is of great importance. The present study investigated the mechanism of the antiviral effect of hemin during PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells. Hemin, a commercial preparation of heme, is used as an iron donor or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer, and has been shown to provide antiviral activity in many studies. In the current study, the anti-PRRSV activity of hemin was identified through suppressing PRRSV propagation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of hemin antiviral activity was estimated to be 32μM, and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of hemin was found to be higher than 125μM. Further study showed that the antiviral activity of hemin is independent of iron. In addition, after treatment with Protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) or Sn (IV) Protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP), inhibitors of HO-1, the inhibition of viral replication by hemin was partially reversed. Additionally, it was confirmed that hemin and N-acetyl cysteine were able to significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MARC-145 cells infected with virus. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), however, did not produce a reduction in viral load or promote expression of HO-1. Taken together, these data indicate that the effect of hemin on the inhibition of PRRSV propagation via HO-1 induction, as well as the antiviral mechanism of HO-1, is not dependent on decreased levels of ROS. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that hemin had antiviral activity against PRRSV and may serve as a useful antiviral agent inhibiting PRRSV replication.
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9
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Luo R, Fang L, Jin H, Wang D, An K, Xu N, Chen H, Xiao S. Label-Free Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Regulated Proteins and Pathway in PRRSV-Infected Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1270-80. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kang An
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong
Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- Division
of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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10
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Gao J, Xiao S, Liu X, Wang L, Zhang X, Ji Q, Wang Y, Mo D, Chen Y. Inhibition of HSP90 attenuates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus production in vitro. Virol J 2014; 11:17. [PMID: 24490822 PMCID: PMC3942275 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection leads to substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. However, no effective countermeasures exist to combat this virus infection so far. The most common antiviral strategy relies on directly inhibiting viral proteins. However, this strategy invariably leads to the emergence of drug resistance due to the error-prone nature of viral ploymerase. Targeting cellular proteins required for viral infection for developing new generation of antivirals is gaining concern. Recently, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was found to be an important host factor for the replication of multiple viruses and the inhibition of HSP90 showed significant antiviral effects. It is thought that the inhibition of HSP90 could be a promising broad-range antiviral approach. However, the effects of HSP90 inhibition on PRRSV infection have not been evaluated. In the current research, we tried to inhibit HSP90 and test whether the inhibition affect PRRSV infection. Methods We inhibit the function of HSP90 with two inhibitors, geldanamycin (GA) and 17- allylamono-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), and down-regulated the expression of endogenous HSP90 with specific small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Cell viability was measured with alamarBlue. The protein level of viral N was determined by western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). Besides, IFA was employed to examine the level of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The viral RNA copy number and the level of IFN-β mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Our results indicated that both HSP90 inhibitors showed strong anti-PRRSV activity. They could reduce viral production by preventing the viral RNA synthesis. These inhibitory effects were not due to the activation of innate interferon response. In addition, we observed that individual knockdown targeting HSP90α or HSP90β did not show dramatic inhibitory effect. Combined knockdown of these two isoforms was required to reduce viral infection. Conclusions Our results shed light on the possibility of developing potential therapeutics targeting HSP90 against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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11
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Zhou YJ, Zhu JP, Zhou T, Cheng Q, Yu LX, Wang YX, Yang S, Jiang YF, Tong W, Gao F, Yu H, Li GX, Tong GZ. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with virulent/attenuated strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85767. [PMID: 24465692 PMCID: PMC3897507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is still a serious threat to the swine industry. However, the pathogenic mechanism of HP-PRRSV remains unclear. We infected host porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) with the virulent HuN4 strain and the attenuated HuN4-F112 strain and then utilized fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to screen for intracellular proteins that were differentially expressed in host cells infected with the two strains. There were 153 proteins with significant different expression (P<0.01) observed, 42 of which were subjected to mass spectrometry, and 24 proteins were identified. PAM cells infected with the virulent strain showed upregulated expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), and proteasome subunit alpha type 6 (PSMA6), which were downregulated in cells infected with the attenuated strain. The upregulation of PKM2 provides sufficient energy for viral replication, and the upregulation of HSPB1 inhibits host cell apoptosis and therefore facilitates mass replication of the virulent strain, while the upregulation of PSMA6 facilitates the evasion of immune surveillance by the virus. Studying on those molecules mentioned above may be able to help us to understand some unrevealed details of HP-PRRSV infection, and then help us to decrease its threat to the swine industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhou
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Qun Cheng
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Xue Yu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Feng Jiang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Xin Li
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bartlett JA, Albertolle ME, Wohlford-Lenane C, Pezzulo AA, Zabner J, Niles RK, Fisher SJ, McCray PB, Williams KE. Protein composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway surface liquid from newborn pigs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L256-66. [PMID: 23709621 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00056.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway mucosa and the alveolar surface form dynamic interfaces between the lung and the external environment. The epithelial cells lining these barriers elaborate a thin liquid layer containing secreted peptides and proteins that contribute to host defense and other functions. The goal of this study was to develop and apply methods to define the proteome of porcine lung lining liquid, in part, by leveraging the wealth of information in the Sus scrofa database of Ensembl gene, transcript, and protein model predictions. We developed an optimized workflow for detection of secreted proteins in porcine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in methacholine-induced tracheal secretions [airway surface liquid (ASL)]. We detected 674 and 3,858 unique porcine-specific proteins in BAL and ASL, respectively. This proteome was composed of proteins representing a diverse range of molecular classes and biological processes, including host defense, molecular transport, cell communication, cytoskeletal, and metabolic functions. Specifically, we detected a significant number of secreted proteins with known or predicted roles in innate and adaptive immunity, microbial killing, or other aspects of host defense. In greatly expanding the known proteome of the lung lining fluid in the pig, this study provides a valuable resource for future studies using this important animal model of pulmonary physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bartlett
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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13
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Jourdan SS, Osorio F, Hiscox JA. An interactome map of the nucleocapsid protein from a highly pathogenic North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain generated using SILAC-based quantitative proteomics. Proteomics 2012; 12:1015-23. [PMID: 22522808 PMCID: PMC7167637 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive strand RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of an infected cell and encode nucleocapsid proteins. These proteins function to promote encapsidation of the RNA genome and virus particle assembly as well as playing potential roles in viral RNA synthesis. Nucleocapsid proteins can also associate with cellular proteins and signaling cascades. The arterivirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is no exception and localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleolus in virus‐infected cells. This study generated an interactome map of the N protein from a highly virulent North American strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). This is a major pathogen of swine resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Crucial to the study was the use of SILAC coupled to affinity purification using GFP‐traps and LC‐MS/MS. This approach has not been applied before to the investigation of host/viral protein interactomes and this study revealed that the PRRSV N protein interacts with the host cell protein synthesis machinery especially at the level of translation initiation as well as with the RNA post‐transcriptional modification machinery. Applications of the dataset can include studies of virus/host interactions and the design of live attenuated recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S Jourdan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Identification of porcine serum proteins modified in response to HP-PRRSV HuN4 infection by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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de Almeida AM, Bendixen E. Pig proteomics: A review of a species in the crossroad between biomedical and food sciences. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4296-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Lu Q, Bai J, Zhang L, Liu J, Jiang Z, Michal JJ, He Q, Jiang P. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) Labeling Approach Revealed First Proteome Profiles of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2890-903. [DOI: 10.1021/pr201266z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351,
United States
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351,
United States
| | - Qindong He
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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17
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Xiao S, Wang Q, Gao J, Wang L, He Z, Mo D, Liu X, Chen Y. Inhibition of highly pathogenic PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells by artificial microRNAs. Virol J 2011; 8:491. [PMID: 22040357 PMCID: PMC3215188 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS) has caused large economic losses in swine industry in recent years. However, current antiviral strategy could not effectively prevent and control this disease. In this research, five artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) respectively targeted towards ORF5 (amirGP5-243, -370) and ORF6 (amirM-82, -217,-263) were designed and incorporated into a miRNA-based vector that mimics the backbone of murine miR-155 and permits high expression of amiRNAs in a GFP fused form mediated by RNA Pol II promoter CMV. Results It was found that amirGP5-370 could effectively inhibit H-PRRSV replication. The amirM-263-M-263, which was a dual pre-amiRNA expression cassette where two amirM-263s were chained, showed stronger virus inhibitory effects than single amirM-263. H-PRRSV replication was inhibited up to 120 hours in the MARC-145 cells which were stably transduced by recombinant lentiviruses (Lenti-amirGP5-370, -amirM-263-M-263). Additionally, efficacious dose of amirGP5-370 and amirM-263 expression did not trigger the innate interferon response. Conclusions Our study is the first attempt to suppress H-PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells through vector-based and lentiviral mediated amiRNAs targeting GP5 or M proteins coding sequences of PRRSV, which indicated that artificial microRNAs and recombinant lentiviruses might be applied to be a new potent anti-PRRSV strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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