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Villar MAL, Vidallon MLP, Rodriguez EB. Nanostructured lipid carrier for bioactive rice bran gamma-oryzanol. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rice Compounds with Impact on Diabetes Control. Foods 2021; 10:foods10091992. [PMID: 34574099 PMCID: PMC8467539 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most cultivated and consumed cereals worldwide. It is composed of starch, which is an important source of diet energy, hypoallergenic proteins, and other bioactive compounds with known nutritional functionalities. Noteworthy is that the rice bran (outer layer of rice grains), a side-stream product of the rice milling process, has a higher content of bioactive compounds than white rice (polished rice grains). Bran functional ingredients such as γ-oryzanol, phytic acid, ferulic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, and tocotrienols (vitamin E) have been linked to several health benefits. In this study, we reviewed the effects of rice glycemic index, macronutrients, and bioactive compounds on the pathological mechanisms associated with diabetes, identifying the rice compounds potentially exerting protective activities towards disease control. The effects of starch, proteins, and bran bioactive compounds for diabetic control were reviewed and provide important insights about the nutritional quality of rice-based foods.
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Ramazani E, Akaberi M, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Gamma-oryzanol: An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2299-2316. [PMID: 33138751 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-oryzanol (γ-oryzanol) is one of the rice bran oil (RBO) compounds, known as a principal food source throughout the world. In recent numerous experimental studies, γ-oryzanol has been revealed to have several useful pharmacological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, ameliorating unpleasant menopausal symptoms, cholesterol-lowering, improving plasma lipid pattern, etc. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the scientific literature published up until 2020, which has evaluated the biological and pharmacological activity of gamma-oryzanol. This review summarizes the published data found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The present review attempts to summarize the most related articles about the pharmacological and therapeutic potential from recent studies on γ-oryzanol to gain insights into design further studies to achieve new evidence that confirm the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ramazani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Hafizi M, Taherpour K, Nazaran MH. Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:94. [PMID: 33292310 PMCID: PMC7596981 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components. Methods This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100% of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively). Results Diets CTM50 and CTM100 increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and tibia length compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and serum malondialdehyde level and highest EPI, tibia ash, zinc, manganese, and copper contents, and serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus and zinc were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM25 and CTM50 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets, except diet CTM25, exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than those fed the NTM diet, where the best glutathione peroxidase activity was found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, bone mineralization, and antioxidant status, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve performance index and glutathione peroxidase activity of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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The Effect of Rice Bran Extract on Arterial Blood Pressure, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:8374287. [PMID: 32685208 PMCID: PMC7341425 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8374287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involving in obesity-associated adverse effects of a high-fat diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice bran extract (RBE) on arterial blood pressure, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, including a normal-diet control group, a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) group, an HFD group treated with RBE (220 mg/kg/day), and an HFD group treated with 1100 mg/kg/day for eight weeks. Besides body weight and arterial blood pressure, we determined liver values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, as well as percent body fat, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mRNA endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Results The HFD group had increased body weight, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, NF-κB, COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and decreased mRNA eNOS in the aorta. Mice of the HFD group receiving RBE had reduced diastolic blood pressure, as well as significantly decreased liver and serum TNF-α and MDA levels in the liver, and reduced NF-κB levels in both the liver and heart. Conclusions These results demonstrate that RBE decreases diastolic blood pressure, the liver lipid droplet accumulation, liver and myocardial NF-κB, myocardial COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and oxidative stress. Moreover, RBE may improve endothelial function and may alleviate adverse health effects associated with obesity including obesity-associated hypertension.
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Gamma-oryzanol prevents ethanol-induced liver injury by ameliorating oxidative stress and modulating apoptosis-related protein expression in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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γ-Oryzanol suppresses cell apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway in H 2O 2-stimulated L02 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109554. [PMID: 31678753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols existed in rice bran oil, can ameliorate lipid metabolism and enhance antioxidant activity. In this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human hepatic L02 cells to investigate the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of γ-oryzanol. The injuries produced by H2O2 in L02 cells include increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased protein expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with γ-oryzanol enhanced the ROS scavenging activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation in H2O2 treated cells. Moreover, pretreatment with γ-oryzanol inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis by restoring MMP, upregulating the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. These findings show that γ-oryzanol can prevent H2O2-induced apoptosis by suppressing intracellular accumulation of ROS and impeding ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Kobayashi E, Ito J, Shimizu N, Kokumai T, Kato S, Sawada K, Hashimoto H, Eitsuka T, Miyazawa T, Nakagawa K. Evaluation of γ-oryzanol Accumulation and Lipid Metabolism in the Body of Mice Following Long-Term Administration of γ-oryzanol. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010104. [PMID: 30621350 PMCID: PMC6356301 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Oryzanol (OZ), abundant in rice bran oil, has gained attention due to its physiological activities (e.g., lipid-lowering effects). However, the absorption and metabolism of orally ingested OZ have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, diets containing normal or high contents of OZ were fed to obesity model mice for 8 weeks, and OZ concentrations in plasma and organs were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. To evaluate the relationship between OZ accumulation and lipid metabolism in vivo, lipid concentrations in the mice plasma and liver were also measured. As a result, the accumulation of intact OZ in plasma and organs was seen in mice fed diets containing OZ, where mice fed diets containing higher OZ contents demonstrated higher levels of OZ accumulation and lower amounts of plasma lipids. These results, in combination with our additional data from a single oral administration test, suggest the possibility that intact OZ, along with its metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid), is biologically-active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kobayashi
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kokumai
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Shunji Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazue Sawada
- Tsuno Food Industrial CO., LTD., Ito-Gun, Wakayama 649-7194, Japan.
| | | | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
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Yadav S, Appukuttan JP. Inhibition of LPS induced neurochemical imbalance and oxidative stress by pigmented and non-pigmented rice bran extracts. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12735. [PMID: 31353551 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of the pigmented and non-pigmented rice bran extract, against LPS induced neurotransmitter imbalance and oxidative stress markers. Male wistar rats were orally supplemented with 2% ethanolic rice bran extracts daily for two weeks. On the last day of experiment, rats were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p) with LPS for 4 hr. LPS exposure resulted in the elevation of malondialdehyde and nitrite levels, decreased GSH, increased antioxidant enzymes activity and led to imbalance in neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic levels and acetylcholinesterase activity. Pre-treatment with rice bran extracts significantly attenuated LPS induced oxidative stress by improving the antioxidant systems, acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitters imbalance with the higher potency for pigmented bran extracts. The findings suggest the possibility of utilization of pigmented bran extract for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and promote the overall good health of the brain. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Present study provides the current evidence for the neuroprotective efficacy of bran extracts from pigmented and non-pigmented rice. These findings indicate the beneficial effects of pre-treatment of rice bran extracts on LPS induced oxidative stress and neurochemical imbalance by improvement in the antioxidant machinery and neurotransmitters level. This study emphasizes the possibility of utilization of pigmented bran extract as a food ingredient to improve the overall brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Yadav
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Jayadeep Padmanbhan Appukuttan
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Kobayashi E, Ito J, Kato S, Sawada K, Matsuki M, Hashimoto H, Miyazawa T, Nakagawa K. Presence of orally administered rice bran oil γ-oryzanol in its intact form in mouse plasma. Food Funct 2018; 7:4816-4822. [PMID: 27878202 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects (e.g., lipid-lowering activity) of γ-oryzanol (OZ), a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols, have been extensively investigated, few studies have evaluated the absorption and metabolism of OZ. Moreover, it is unclear whether OZ, once ingested, is directly absorbed by the intestine into the bloodstream at a sufficient level to exhibit activity. Here, we prepared OZ concentrate from purified rice bran oil (Rice Oil OZ), determined the concentration of OZ in the preparation (cycloartenyl ferulate equivalent concentration; 52.2%), and then carried out chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma samples from mice after oral administration of Rice Oil OZ. The OZ concentrations of plasma from the control (vehicle-treated) mice were low (trace levels); however, at 5 h after a single oral administration of the Rice Oil OZ (600 mg per kg body weight), the levels significantly increased, reaching 17.6 ng mL-1 for cycloartenyl ferulate, 28.2 ng mL-1 for 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate isomers, 15.6 ng mL-1 for campesteryl ferulate, and 5.1 ng mL-1 for β-sitosteryl ferulate, respectively, expressed in equivalence of cycloartenyl ferulate in plasma. These results provided the first mass spectrometric evidence suggesting that a portion of orally administered OZ is directly absorbed by the intestine and is present in the intact form in plasma. The presence of a significant amount of OZ in its intact form in plasma may explain the beneficial effects of OZ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kobayashi
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazue Sawada
- Tsuno Food Industrial CO., LTD., Ito-Gun, Wakayama 649-7194, Japan
| | - Midori Matsuki
- Tsuno Food Industrial CO., LTD., Ito-Gun, Wakayama 649-7194, Japan
| | | | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan and Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
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Panchal SS, Ghatak SB, Jha AB, Onattu R. Reduction of liver tumerogenic effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine by treatment with ɣ-oryzanol in Balb/C mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:86-98. [PMID: 28888159 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, naturally occurring phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity have generated surmount interest in their therapeutic usage against a wide range of pathological and toxicological conditions. The present study was designed to evaluate potential of ɣ-oryzanol (OZ), a bio-active natural antioxidant against hepatocellular carcinoma effect of the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine in Balb/c mice. OZ inhibited the proliferation of Hep-3B cell line in concentration dependent manner. Administration of OZ to N-nitrosodiethylamine induced Balb/c mice for 16 and 32 weeks showed reduction in levels of liver injury markers, restored the levels of liver tumor markers, suppressed the hepatic nodular incidence and multiplicity, and favorably modulated the liver antioxidant status in a time dependent manner. Histologically, no obvious signs of neoplasia in the liver tissues were observed in OZ supplemented rats with N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumerogenesis. OZ was found to be effective for reduction of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital S Panchal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Somsuvra B Ghatak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India; US Pharma Lab, 1300 Airport Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Abhishek B Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Raoul Onattu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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Yalagala PCR, Sugasini D, Ramaprasad TR, Lokesh BR. Minor Constituents in Rice Bran Oil and Sesame Oil Play a Significant Role in Modulating Lipid Homeostasis and Inflammatory Markers in Rats. J Med Food 2017. [PMID: 28650728 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding rats with groundnut oil (GNO), rice bran oil (RBO), and sesame oil (SESO) on serum lipids, liver lipids, and inflammatory markers were evaluated in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with AIN-93 diet supplemented with 10 wt% of GNO, RBO, and SESO in the form of native (N) and minor constituent-removed (MCR) oils. Rats given RBO and SESO showed significant reduction in serum and liver lipids, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, cytokines in liver, and eicosanoids in leukocytes as compared with the rats given GNO and MCR oils. The rats fed with native oils of RBO and SESO showed an upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65. These effects of native oil were significantly compromised when rats were given MCR oils. In conclusion, the minor constituents significantly support the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties of RBO and SESO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna C R Yalagala
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (MC 797), Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (MC 797), Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Belur Ramaswamy Lokesh
- 3 Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Sookwong P, Mahatheeranont S. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Rice Bran Oil -the Technology, Manufacture, and Applications. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:557-564. [PMID: 28515385 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran is a good source of nutrients that have large amounts of phytochemicals and antioxidants. Conventional rice bran oil production requires many processes that may deteriorate and degrade these valuable substances. Supercritical CO2 extraction is a green alternative method for producing rice bran oil. This work reviews production of rice bran oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. In addition, the usefulness and advantages of SC-CO2 extracted rice bran oil for edible oil and health purpose is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumon Sookwong
- Rice Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Rice Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University
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14
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Effect of rice parboiling on the functional properties of an enzymatic extract from rice bran. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Szcześniak KA, Ciecierska A, Ostaszewski P, Sadkowski T. Transcriptomic profile adaptations following exposure of equine satellite cells to nutriactive phytochemical gamma-oryzanol. GENES & NUTRITION 2016; 11:5. [PMID: 27482297 PMCID: PMC4959553 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult skeletal muscle myogenesis depends on the activation of satellite cells that have the potential to differentiate into new fibers. Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a commercially available nutriactive phytochemical, has gained global interest on account of its muscle-building and regenerating effects. Here, we investigated GO for its potential influence on myogenesis, using equine satellite cell culture model, since the horse is a unique animal, bred and exercised for competitive sport. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the global gene expression in cultured equine satellite cells has been described. METHODS Equine satellite cells were isolated from semitendinosus muscle and cultured until the second day of differentiation. Differentiating cells were incubated with GO for the next 24 h. Subsequently, total RNA from GO-treated and control cells was isolated, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to two-color Horse Gene Expression Microarray slides. Quantitative PCR was used for the validation of microarray data. RESULTS Our results revealed 58 genes with changed expression in GO-treated vs. control cells. Analysis of expression changes suggests that various processes are reinforced by GO in differentiating equine satellite cells, including inhibition of myoblast differentiation, increased proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and increased myogenic lineage commitment. CONCLUSIONS The present study may confirm putative muscle-enhancing abilities of GO; however, the collective role of GO in skeletal myogenesis remains equivocal. The diversity of these changes is likely due to heterogenous growth rate of cells in primary culture. Genes identified in our study, modulated by the presence of GO, may become potential targets of future research investigating impact of this supplement in skeletal muscle on proteomic and biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Szcześniak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ciecierska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Szcześniak KA, Ostaszewski P, Ciecierska A, Sadkowski T. Investigation of nutriactive phytochemical - gamma-oryzanol in experimental animal models. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:601-17. [PMID: 26718022 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is an abundant dietary antioxidant that is considered to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Other potential properties of GO include inhibition of gastric acid secretion and decreased post-exercise muscle fatigue. GO is a unique mixture of triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates present in rice bran oil, a byproduct of rice processing. GO has been studied by many researchers over the last three decades. In particular, the utility of GO supplementation has been documented in numerous animal models. A large variety of species was examined, and various experimental methodologies and targets were applied. The aim of this study was to summarize the body of research on GO supplementation in animals and to examine possible mechanisms of GO action. Furthermore, while the safety of GO supplementation in animals has been well documented, studies demonstrating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficiency are less clear. The observed differences in these findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Szcześniak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ciecierska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Hu L, Lin X, Nie F, ZexiaoYang, Yao X, Li G, Wu X, Ren M, Wang Y. Simultaneous typing of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex PCR with a GeXP analyser. J Virol Methods 2015; 232:21-8. [PMID: 26706731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex PCR based on a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyser. The pathogens included in this study were pseudorabies virus (PRV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Seven pairs of chimeric primers, consisting of a pathogen-specific sequence fused to a universal sequence at the 5' end, were used to initiate the PCR, after which a set of universal primers was used for the subsequent cycles of the PCR. Amplification products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and identified using fluorescence spectrophotometry. The specificity of the GeXP assay was examined with single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates. The specific DNA product amplification peaks of seven pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyser. Negative controls did not produce DNA products. The sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of the plasmids containing the target sequence. Under optimised conditions this assay achieved a sensitivity of 100-1000 copies/μL for a single virus and 1000 copies/μL when all of the seven pre-mixed viral targets were present. Furthermore, the GeXP-PCR assay was 100% specific when 58 clinical samples were tested in comparison with the conventional PCR method. In conclusion, the GeXP assay is a rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, specific and high throughput method for simultaneously detecting seven pathogens that infect swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Zigong Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuping Nie
- Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Chongqing 400020, China; Chongqing Import and Export Food Safety Engineering Center, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - ZexiaoYang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guili Li
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xulong Wu
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611100, Sichuan, China.
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Zhou L, Zhao F, Hu B, Fang Y, Miao Y, Huang Y, Ji D, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Zhao H. A Creative Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis Scheme Based on Multiple Genetic Analysis System: Qualification and Quantitation. Helicobacter 2015; 20:343-52. [PMID: 25640660 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, several diagnostic assays for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are available, but each has some limitations. Further, a high-flux quantitative assay is required to assist clinical diagnosis and monitor the effectiveness of therapy and novel vaccine candidates. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-seven adult patients [nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) 295, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 77, gastric cancer (GC) 15] were enrolled for gastrointestinal endoscopies. Three biopsy samples from gastric antrum were collected for the following tests: culture, rapid urease test (RUT), histopathology, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Multiple Genetic Analysis System (MGAS). The diagnostic capability of H. pylori for all methods was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Based on the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MGAS were 92.9 and 92.4%, and positive predict value (PPV) and negative predict value (NPV) were 96.0 and 87.1%, respectively. All the above parameters of MGAS were higher than that of culture (except its specificity), RUT and histopathology, and nearly closed to that of conventional PCR. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.7575 (Culture), 0.8870 (RUT), 0.9000 (Histopathology), 0.9496 (Conventional PCR), and 0.9277 (MGAS). No significant statistical difference was observed for the H. pylori DNA load in different disease groups (p = .067). In contrast, a statistically significant difference in the H. pylori DNA copy number was observed based on age (p = .043) and gender (p = .021). CONCLUSIONS The data showed that MGAS performed well in detecting H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis showed that the load of H. pylori was significantly different within both age and gender groups. These results suggested that MGAS could be a potential alternative method for clinical detection and monitoring of the effectiveness of H. pylori therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuju Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da'nian Ji
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Shanghai Shine Clinical Laboratories, Inc., The Research base of MDT, DCMST, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cornejo F, Caceres PJ, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Rosell CM, Frias J. Effects of germination on the nutritive value and bioactive compounds of brown rice breads. Food Chem 2015; 173:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Formation, antioxidant property and oxidative stability of cold pressed rice bran oil emulsion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6520-8. [PMID: 26396397 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cold pressed rice bran oil (CPRBO) is used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its desirable health and functional attributes. The purpose of this work was to study the formation, antioxidant property and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsion of CPRBO. The influence of oil (10-40 % CPRBO) and surfactant (1-5 % glyceryl monostearate (GMS)) concentration on the properties of emulsions were studied. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of CPRBO emulsions decreased as GMS concentration increased, which was attributed to a decrease in droplet size after homogenization. The CPRBO emulsion was stable during storage at room temperature for 30 days. Increasing the oil concentration in the CPRBO emulsions increased their antioxidant activity, which can be attributed to the corresponding increase in phytochemical content. However, GMS concentration had little impact on the antioxidant activity of CPRBO emulsions. The storage of CPRBO emulsion at room temperature showed that lipid oxidation markers gradually increased after 30 days of storage, which was correlated to a decrease in gamma oryzanol content and antioxidant activity. These results have important implications for the utilization of rice bran oil (RBO) as a function ingredient in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
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Imam MU, Ismail M, Ooi DJ, Azmi NH, Sarega N, Chan KW, Bhanger MI. Are bioactive-rich fractions functionally richer? Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:585-93. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.995586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Umar Imam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, and
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
| | - Nur Hanisah Azmi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
| | - Nadarajan Sarega
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor,
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ismail N, Ismail M, Imam MU, Azmi NH, Fathy SF, Foo JB, Abu Bakar MF. Mechanistic basis for protection of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by oryzanol-rich fraction against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:467. [PMID: 25475556 PMCID: PMC4528700 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is often the end result of oxidative damage to neurons. Due to shared pathways between oxidative stress, apoptosis and antioxidant defence systems, an oxidative insult could end up causing cellular apoptosis or survival depending on the severity of the insult and cellular responses. Plant bioresources have received close attention in recent years for their potential role in regulating the pathways involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress in favour of cell survival. Rice bran is a bioactive-rich by-product of rice milling process. It possesses antioxidant properties, making it a promising source of antioxidants that could potentially prevent oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Thus, the present study investigated the neuroprotective properties of oryzanol-rich fraction (ORF) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. ORF was extracted from rice bran using a green technology platform, supercritical fluid extraction system. Furthermore, its effects on cell viability, morphological changes, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated. The underlying transcriptomic changes involved in regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and antioxidant defence systems were equally studied. RESULTS ORF protected differentiated SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity through preserving the mitochondrial metabolic enzyme activities, thus reducing apoptosis. The mechanistic basis for the neuroprotective effects of ORF included upregulation of antioxidant genes (catalase, SOD 1 and SOD 2), downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (JNK, TNF, ING3, BAK1, BAX, p21 and caspase-9), and upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (ERK1/2, AKT1 and NF-Kβ). CONCLUSION These findings suggest ORF may be an effective antioxidant that could prevent oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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Ishaka A, Umar Imam M, Mahamud R, Zuki ABZ, Maznah I. Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2261-9. [PMID: 24872689 PMCID: PMC4026553 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects; however, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. Therefore, there is a need to improve its bioavailability, and one of the ways of doing this is by nanoemulsion formulation. Different droplet size distributions are usually achieved when emulsions are formed, which solely depends on the preparation method used. Mostly, emulsions are intended for better delivery with maintenance of the characteristics and properties of the leading components. In this study, policosanol was extracted from rice bran wax, its composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry, nanoemulsion was made, and the physical stability characteristics were determined. The results showed that policosanol nanoemulsion has a nanosize particle distribution below 100 nm (92.56–94.52 nm), with optimum charge distribution (−55.8 to −45.12 mV), pH (6.79–6.92) and refractive index (1.50); these were monitored and found to be stable for 8 weeks. The stability of policosanol nanoemulsion confers the potential to withstand long storage times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Ishaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozi Mahamud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ismail Maznah
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Park SL, Lee SY, Nam YD, Yi SH, Seo MJ, Lim SI. Hepatoprotective effect of fermented rice bran against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Muhammad SI, Maznah I, Mahmud RB, Saeed MI, Imam MU, Ishaka A. Estrogen receptor modulatory effects of germinated brown rice bioactives in the uterus of rats through the regulation of estrogen-induced genes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:1409-20. [PMID: 24324328 PMCID: PMC3854924 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s50861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The expression of genes regulated by estrogen in the uterus was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with germinated brown rice (GBR) bioactives, and compared to Remifemin or estrogen at different doses to identify the regulation of these genes in the uterus and their molecular mechanisms. Methods Rats were treated orally with GBR bioactives (phenolics), acylated steryl glucosides (ASG), γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and γ-oryzanol (ORZ) at 100 and 200 mg/kg, Remifemin (REM) at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, or estrogen (EST) at 0.2 mg/kg. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the uterus, and messenger (m)RNA expression of selected genes encoding estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), calcium-binding protein (CaBP9k), complement protein (C3), heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70), and interleukin (IL)-4 receptor were quantified. Similarly, serum steroid hormone concentration was monitored at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatments. ER-β antibody binding to the uterus sections was also studied using immunohistochemistry. Results The group treated with EST (0.2 mg/kg) upregulated ER-β, C3, and IL-4 receptor genes compared to other groups (P<0.001). GBR phenolics (200 mg/kg) treatment upregulated the ER-β gene almost to the level of the sham non-treated group. The CaBP9k gene showed upregulation in groups treated with ASG (200 mg/kg), EST (0.2 mg/kg), and ORZ (200 mg/kg) (P<0.05). Estrogen levels increased in groups treated with EST, ASG, and ORZ (200 mg/kg) compared to the OVX untreated group (P<0.05), and there was a slight non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in the progesterone levels in the OVX untreated group compared to the sham and other treated groups. There was a significant increase at 8 weeks in the level of FSH (P<0.05) in the treated groups compared to the OVX untreated group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) between the OVX untreated group and other groups. The sham and GBR phenolics treated group showed ER-β reactivity at the glandular epithelium, while the group treated with EST showed immunoreactivity at the glandular, luminal, and stromal epithelium. Conclusion GBR phenolics moderately regulate the expression of ER-β, HSP70, and IL-4 receptor genes, and gave a positive immunoreaction to ER-β antigen in the uterus. ASG regulates the expression of CaBP9k and IL-4 receptor genes, and ORZ regulates the expression of the CaBP9k gene, while GABA at 100 mg/kg regulates the expression of the HSP70 gene. GBR and its bioactives might have an effect on estrogen-regulated genes in the uterus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Ismaila Muhammad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu, Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Klongpityapong P, Supabphol R, Supabphol A. Antioxidant Effects of Gamma-oryzanol on Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5421-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Muhammad SI, Maznah I, Mahmud R, Zuki ABZ, Imam MU. Upregulation of genes related to bone formation by γ-amino butyric acid and γ-oryzanol in germinated brown rice is via the activation of GABAB-receptors and reduction of serum IL-6 in rats. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:1259-71. [PMID: 24098073 PMCID: PMC3789840 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s45943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis and other bone degenerative diseases are among the most challenging non-communicable diseases to treat. Previous works relate bone loss due to osteoporosis with oxidative stress generated by free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Alternative therapy to hormone replacement has been an area of interest to researchers for almost three decades due to hormone therapy-associated side effects. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), gamma-oryzanol (ORZ), acylated steryl glucosides (ASG), and phenolic extracts from germinated brown rice (GBR) on the expression of genes related to bone metabolism, such as bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteoblast-specific transcription factor osterix (Osx), periostin, osteoblast specific factor (Postn), collagen 1&2 (Col1&2), calcitonin receptor gene (CGRP); body weight measurement and also serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteocalcin, in serum and bone. Rats were treated with GBR, ORZ, GABA, and ASG at (100 and 200 mg/kg); estrogen (0.2 mg/kg), or remifemin (10 and 20 mg/kg), compared to ovariectomized non-treated group as well as non-ovariectomized non-treated (sham) group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the IL-6 and osteocalcin levels at week 2, 4, and 8, while the gene expression in the bone tissue was determined using the Genetic Analysis System (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA). Results The results indicate that groups treated with GABA (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed significant upregulation of SPARC, calcitonin receptor, and BMP-2 genes (P < 0.05), while the ORZ-treated group (100 and 200 mg/kg) revealed significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of Osx, Postn, RUNX-2, and Col1&2. Similarly, IL-6 concentration decreased, while osteocalcin levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated groups as compared to ovariectomized non-treated groups. Conclusion GABA and ORZ from GBR stimulates osteoblastogenesis by upregulation of bone formation genes, possibly via the activation of GABAB receptors and by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it could be used effectively in the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Ismaila Muhammad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Cho JY, Lee HJ, Kim GA, Kim GD, Lee YS, Shin SC, Park KH, Moon JH. Quantitative analyses of individual γ-Oryzanol (Steryl Ferulates) in conventional and organic brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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N-acetyl cysteine suppresses the foam cell formation that is induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein via regulation of gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:3001-7. [PMID: 21681422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Foam cells derived from macrophages have been implicated as markers of early stage atherosclerosis development. In this study, we found that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased the generation of ROS and suppressed foam cell formation in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein through down-regulation of cluster of differentiation 36 expression. We investigated gene expression profiles in order to determine the effects of NAC on foam cell formation using a microarray analysis. The level of apolipoprotein E, which is involved in lipid efflux, was increased and the levels of the antioxidant genes glutathione peroxidase 1 and 3 were also increased. The expression levels of the oxidative stress response and the DNA repair genes were decreased. These results were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in foam cell formation, and that regulation of oxidation using antioxidants is a potential therapeutic method for blocking atherosclerosis development.
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Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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KAEOKET K, DONTO S, NUALNOY P, NOIPHINIT J, CHANAPIWAT P. Effect of Gamma-Oryzanol-Enriched Rice Bran Oil on Quality of Cryopreserved Boar Semen. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1149-53. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kampon KAEOKET
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn-pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarayut DONTO
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn-pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pinatta NUALNOY
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn-pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jutarat NOIPHINIT
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn-pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Panida CHANAPIWAT
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn-pathom 73170, Thailand
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Preventive effects of rice bran oil on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine/dextran sodium sulphate-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Drew JE, Mayer CD, Farquharson AJ, Young P, Barrera LN. Custom design of a GeXP multiplexed assay used to assess expression profiles of inflammatory gene targets in normal colon, polyp, and tumor tissue. J Mol Diagn 2011; 13:233-42. [PMID: 21354059 PMCID: PMC3128578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancers are characterized by aberrant gene expression signatures associated with disease initiation and progression. Identification of aberrant gene expression associated with colon carcinogenesis has increased significantly with application of gene array technologies. Downstream processing of these data has been hindered by the lack of robust multiplexed gene quantitative technologies facilitating study of the identified multiple gene targets. The GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System presents a novel technology platform for quantitative multiplexed gene expression analysis. This report describes the custom design of a GeXP multiplexed assay used to assess expression profiles of 14 inflammatory gene targets in normal, polyp, and tumor tissue. Characteristic normal, polyp, and tumor tissue gene expression profiles were obtained. Statistical analysis confirmed comparable relative quantitation of gene expression using the GeXP, macroarray, and single-plex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. GeXP assays may be usefully applied in clinical and regulatory studies of multiple gene targets. This system permits custom-design options for relative quantification of multiple gene target expression, simultaneously in a single reaction, using nanogram quantities of total RNA template. The system provides an approach to advance the study of multiple targets identified from gene array analysis with potential for characterizing gene expression signatures in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E Drew
- Division of Gut Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
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