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Yin D, Zhong Y, Liu H, Hu J. Lipid metabolism regulation by dietary polysaccharides with different structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132253. [PMID: 38744359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in energy homeostasis maintenance in response to stress. Nowadays, hyperlipidemia-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver pose significant health challenges. Dietary polysaccharides (DPs) have gained attention for their effective lipid-lowering properties. This review examines the multifaceted mechanisms that DPs employ to lower lipid levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia. DPs could directly inhibit lipid intake and absorption, promote lipid excretion, and regulate key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways, including triglyceride and cholesterol anabolism and catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis. Additionally, DPs indirectly improve lipid homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and alleviating oxidative stress. Moreover, the lipid-lowering mechanisms of particular structural DPs (including β-glucan, pectin, glucomannan, inulin, arabinoxylan, and fucoidan) are summarized. The relationship between the structure and lipid-lowering activity of DPs is also discussed based on current researches. Finally, potential breakthroughs and future directions in the development of DPs in lipid-lowering activity are discussed. The paper could provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of DPs for lipid regulations and utilizing DPs as lipid-lowering dietary ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Deng P, Durham J, Liu J, Zhang X, Wang C, Li D, Gwag T, Ma M, Hennig B. Metabolomic, Lipidomic, Transcriptomic, and Metagenomic Analyses in Mice Exposed to PFOS and Fed Soluble and Insoluble Dietary Fibers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:117003. [PMID: 36331819 PMCID: PMC9635512 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental pollutant that has become a significant concern around the world. Exposure to PFOS may alter gut microbiota and liver metabolic homeostasis in mammals, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Diets high in soluble fibers can ameliorate metabolic disease risks. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the hypothesis that soluble fibers (inulin or pectin) could modulate the adverse metabolic effects of PFOS by affecting microbe-liver metabolism and interactions. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an isocaloric diet containing different fibers: a) inulin (soluble), b) pectin (soluble), or c) cellulose (control, insoluble). The mice were exposed to PFOS in drinking water (3 μ g / g per day ) for 7 wk. Multi-omics was used to analyze mouse liver and cecum contents. RESULTS In PFOS-exposed mice, the number of differentially expressed genes associated with atherogenesis and hepatic hyperlipidemia were lower in those that were fed soluble fiber than those fed insoluble fiber. Shotgun metagenomics showed that inulin and pectin protected against differences in microbiome community in PFOS-exposed vs. control mice. It was found that the plasma PFOS levels were lower in inulin-fed mice, and there was a trend of lower liver accumulation of PFOS in soluble fiber-fed mice compared with the control group. Soluble fiber intake ameliorated the effects of PFOS on host hepatic metabolism gene expression and cecal content microbiome structure. DISCUSSIONS Results from metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic studies suggest that inulin- and pectin-fed mice were less susceptible to PFOS-induced liver metabolic disturbance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and transcriptional changes compared with control diet-fed mice. Our study advances the understanding of interaction between microbes and host under the influences of environmental pollutants and nutrients. The results provide new insights into the microbe-liver metabolic network and the protection against environmental pollutant-induced metabolic diseases by high-fiber diets. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jerika Durham
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Murong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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ALPTEKİN RAİM, ÇAKIROĞLU PDFP, KİREMİTCİ APS, NEMUTLU PDE, REÇBER RAT. Inulin may prevent steatosis by suppressing Cannabinoid receptor-1 and Patatin-like phospholipase-3 expression in liver. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Von Dentz M, Gambato G, Ferrari A, Fontana RC, Rodrigues E, Salvador M, Camassola M, Jahn MP. Antihyperlipidemic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Basidiomycete Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inulin alleviates adverse metabolic syndrome and regulates intestinal microbiota composition in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) fed with high-carbohydrate diet. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:161-171. [PMID: 33046150 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000402x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-carbohydrate diet could achieve a protein-sparing effect, but it may cause negative impacts on the growth condition of fish due to their poor utilisation ability of carbohydrate. How to reduce the adverse effects caused by a high-carbohydrate diet is important for the development of aquaculture. In the present study, we aimed to identify whether inulin could attenuate the metabolic syndrome caused by a high-carbohydrate diet in fish. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (1·19 (sd 0·01) g) were supplied with 35 % carbohydrate (CON), 45 % carbohydrate (HC) and 45 % carbohydrate + 5 g/kg inulin (HCI) diets for 10 weeks. The results showed that addition of inulin improved the survival rate when fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, indicating that inulin had an immunostimulatory effect. Compared with the HC group, the HCI group had lower lipid accumulation in liver and the gene expression analyses indicated that addition of inulin down-regulated genes related to lipogenesis and up-regulated genes relevant to β-oxidation significantly (P < 0·05). Higher liver glycogen and glucose tolerance were found in the HCI group compared with the HC group (P < 0·05). These results indicated that inulin could alleviate the metabolic syndrome induced by a high-carbohydrate diet. Furthermore, addition of inulin to a high-carbohydrate diet changed the intestinal bacterial composition and significantly increased the concentration of acetic acid and propionic acid in fish gut which have the potential to increase pathogen resistance and regulate metabolic characteristics in fish. Collectively, our results demonstrated a possible causal role for the gut microbiome in metabolic improvements induced by inulin in fish.
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Walsh J, Gheorghe CE, Lyte JM, van de Wouw M, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Clarke G, Hyland NP. Gut microbiome-mediated modulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein: impact of butyrate and fructo-oligosaccharide-inulin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1072-1081. [PMID: 32337713 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to demonstrate microbial regulation of hepatic genes implicated in drug metabolism and transport using germ-free (GF) mice and to explore the impact of a microbial metabolite, butyrate, and a prebiotic dietary intervention on hepatic gene expression in mice. METHODS Using reverse-transcriptase PCR, we investigated cytochrome P450 (CYP) and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MDR1) expression in conventional, GF and colonised GF mice. To investigate the effects of butyrate, sodium butyrate (3 g/l) was administered for 21 days to conventional or GF mice. In the prebiotic study, young adult and middle-aged mice received diet enriched with 10% fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS)-inulin for 14 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Colonisation of GF animals normalised expression of Cyp3a11 and Mdr1b to conventional levels. Butyrate upregulated Cyp2b10 in conventional mice (P < 0.05) but overall did not induce widespread changes in hepatic genes. FOS-inulin increased Cyp3a13 expression and had the opposite effect on Mdr1a expression in young adult mice (P < 0.05). Age, on the other hand, influenced the prebiotic effect on Cyp2a4 expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The expression of hepatic genes implicated in drug metabolism and transport displays sensitivity to the microbiome, microbiome-derived metabolites and a microbial-targeted intervention. Our study may provide the impetus to explore microbiota-targeted interventions in normalising host metabolic activity and reducing inter-individual variability in drug pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hoffman JB, Petriello MC, Morris AJ, Mottaleb MA, Sui Y, Zhou C, Deng P, Wang C, Hennig B. Prebiotic inulin consumption reduces dioxin-like PCB 126-mediated hepatotoxicity and gut dysbiosis in hyperlipidemic Ldlr deficient mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114183. [PMID: 32105967 PMCID: PMC7220843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to some environmental pollutants increases the risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as steatosis and cardiometabolic diseases. Diets high in fermentable fibers such as inulin can modulate the gut microbiota and lessen the severity of pro-inflammatory diseases, especially in individuals with elevated circulating cholesterol. Thus, we aimed to test the hypothesis that hyperlipidemic mice fed a diet enriched with 8% inulin would be protected from the pro-inflammatory toxic effects of PCB 126. Four groups of male Ldlr-/- mice were fed a high cholesterol diet containing 8% inulin or 8% cellulose (control) for 12 weeks. At weeks 2 and 4, mice were exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle (control). PCB 126 exposure induced wasting and impaired glucose tolerance, which were attenuated by inulin consumption. PCB 126 exposure induced hepatic lipid accumulation and increased inflammatory gene expression, which were both decreased by inulin consumption. In addition, inulin feeding decreased atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root and modulated the expression of enzymes related to glycolysis. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbial populations showed that PCB 126 modulated multiple microbiota genera (e.g., 3-fold decrease in Allobaculum and 3-fold increase in Coprococcus) which were normalized in inulin fed mice. Overall our data support the hypothesis that a dietary intervention that targets the gut microbiota may be an effective means of attenuating dioxin-like pollutant-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Abdul Mottaleb
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Cai Z, Yu C, Fu D, Pan Y, Huang J, Rong Y, Deng L, Chen J, Chen M. Differential metabolic and hepatic transcriptome responses of two miniature pig breeds to high dietary cholesterol. Life Sci 2020; 250:117514. [PMID: 32145306 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pigs are increasingly used as human metabolic disease models; however, there is insufficient research on breed-related genetic background differences. This study aimed to investigate the differential metabolic responses to high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of two miniature pig breeds and explore the molecular mechanisms involved. MAIN METHODS Male Wuzhishan (WZSP) and Tibetan pigs (TP) were randomly fed either a standard or an HFC diet for 24 weeks. Weight, serum lipids, bile acid, insulin resistance, liver function, liver histology, and hepatic lipid deposition were determined. RNA-Seq was used to detect the hepatic gene expression profiles. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the lipid and glucose metabolism-related gene expressions. KEY FINDINGS The HFC diet caused obesity, hypertension, severe hypercholesterolemia, liver injury, increased hepatocellular steatosis and inflammation, and significantly increased serum insulin levels in both pig breeds. This diet led to higher serum and hepatic cholesterol level concentrations in WZSP and elevated fasting glucose levels in TP. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the genes controlling hepatic cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory response were consistently regulated; lipid metabolism and insulin signaling related genes were uniquely regulated by the HFC diet in the WZSP and TP, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrated that the genetic background affects profoundly pigs' metabolic and hepatic responses to an HFC diet. These results deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HFC diet-induced NAFLD and provided a foundation for selecting the appropriate pig breeds for metabolic studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Danting Fu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yongming Pan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yili Rong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liqun Deng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity-Related Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1813. [PMID: 30618824 PMCID: PMC6305464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a major concern to public well-being worldwide due to their high prevalence among the population, and its tendency on the rise point to as important threats in the future. Therapeutic approaches for obesity-associated disorders have been circumscribed to lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy. Over the last few years, different studies have shown a significant role of intestinal microbiota (IM) on obesity establishment and NAFLD development. Therefore, modulation of IM emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated diseases. Administration of prebiotic and probiotic compounds, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and exercise protocols have shown a modulatory action over the IM. In this review we provide an overview of current approaches targeting IM which have shown their capacity to counteract NAFLD and metabolic syndrome features in human patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
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Alpha-Galacto-Oligosaccharides at Low Dose Improve Liver Steatosis in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101725. [PMID: 29036913 PMCID: PMC6151545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the major liver disease worldwide and is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. As alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS) from legumes have been shown to reduce body weight and hyperphagia in overweight adults, it was hypothesized that they would exert benefits on the development of metabolic syndrome and associated NAFLD in a rodent model. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet until they developed metabolic syndrome and were then orally treated either with α-GOS at a physiological dose (2.2 g/kg BW/d) or the vehicle over 7 weeks. α-GOS induced a reduction in food intake, but without affecting body weight during the first week of treatment, when compared to the vehicle. Fasting glycaemia was improved after 4 weeks of treatment with α-GOS, whereas insulin sensitivity (assessed with HOMA-IR) was unaffected at the end of the experiment. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol were lowered by α-GOS while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides levels remained unaffected. α-GOS markedly improved liver steatosis as well as free fatty acid and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. α-GOS improved plasma lipids and prevented NAFLD development through mechanisms which are independent of body weight management and glycemic control.
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Elshaghabee FMF, Bockelmann W, Meske D, de Vrese M, Walte HG, Schrezenmeir J, Heller KJ. Ethanol Production by Selected Intestinal Microorganisms and Lactic Acid Bacteria Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:47. [PMID: 26858714 PMCID: PMC4732544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain some specific insight into the roles microorganisms might play in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), some intestinal and lactic acid bacteria and one yeast (Anaerostipes caccae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus fecalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Weissella confusa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography for production of ethanol when grown on different carbohydrates: hexoses (glucose and fructose), pentoses (arabinose and ribose), disaccharides (lactose and lactulose), and inulin. Highest amounts of ethanol were produced by S. cerevisiae, L. fermentum, and W. confusa on glucose and by S. cerevisiae and W. confusa on fructose. Due to mannitol-dehydrogenase expressed in L. fermentum, ethanol production on fructose was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Pyruvate and citrate, two potential electron acceptors for regeneration of NAD(+)/NADP(+), drastically reduced ethanol production with acetate produced instead in L. fermentum grown on glucose and W. confusa grown on glucose and fructose, respectively. In fecal slurries prepared from feces of four overweight volunteers, ethanol was found to be produced upon addition of fructose. Addition of A. caccae, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, as well as citrate and pyruvate, respectively, abolished ethanol production. However, addition of W. confusa resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) increased production of ethanol. These results indicate that microorganisms like W. confusa, a hetero-fermentative, mannitol-dehydrogenase negative lactic acid bacterium, may promote NAFLD through ethanol produced from sugar fermentation, while other intestinal bacteria and homo- and hetero-fermentative but mannitol-dehydrogenase positive lactic acid bacteria may not promote NAFLD. Also, our studies indicate that dietary factors interfering with gastrointestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism may be important in preventing or promoting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad M F Elshaghabee
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food)Kiel, Germany; Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityGiza, Egypt
| | - Wilhelm Bockelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food) Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Meske
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food) Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael de Vrese
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food) Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Walte
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food) Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Knut J Heller
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food) Kiel, Germany
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Effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on the profiles of drug-metabolizing enzymes induced by a high fat and high fructose diet in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Finelli C, Tarantino G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diet and gut microbiota. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:461-90. [PMID: 26417275 PMCID: PMC4464355 DOI: pmid/26417275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its related insulin-resistance state. Evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in energy storage and the subsequent development of obesity and some of its related diseases is now well established. More recently, a new role of gut microbiota has emerged in NAFLD. The gut microbiota is involved in gut permeability, low-grade inflammation and immune balance, it modulates dietary choline metabolism, regulates bile acid metabolism and produces endogenous ethanol. All of these factors are molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can induce NAFLD or its progression toward overt non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Modification of the gut microbiota composition and/or its biochemical capacity by specific dietary or pharmacological interventions may advantageously affect host metabolism. Large-scale intervention trials, investigating the potential benefit of prebiotics and probiotics in improving cardiometabolic health in high-risk populations, are fervently awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Foundation G. Pascale" -IRCS- 83013 Mercogliano (Av), Italy
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Giovanni Tarantino, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy, E-mail:
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Protective effect of Tuscan black cabbage sprout extract against serum lipid increase and perturbations of liver antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:988-97. [PMID: 23433361 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in fat is considered a primary risk factor for CVD, cancer and failures in metabolism and endocrine functions. Hyperlipidaemia generates oxidative stress and weakens antioxidant defences as well as metabolic detoxification systems. Brassicaceae are vegetables rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, affecting enzymatic antioxidant as well as phase II enzymes and conceivably counteracting high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pathologies. The protective role of Tuscan black cabbage (a variety of kale) sprout extract (TBCSE) intake against HFD alterations was here studied. The effects on rat hepatic antioxidant as well as detoxifying enzymes, and serum lipid- and body weightlowering properties of TBCSE, were investigated. Feeding the animals with a HFD for 21 d increased body as well as liver weights, and induced hyperlipidaemia, as confirmed by a higher serum lipid profile v. control diet. Daily intragastric administration of TBCSE to HFD-fed rats lowered serum total cholesterol, TAG and NEFA. Body and liver weight gains were also reduced. Antioxidant (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase) enzymes were down-regulated by the HFD, while the extract restored normal levels in most groups. Generation of toxic intermediates, and membrane fatty acid composition changes by the HFD, might account for the altered hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme functions. The recovering effects of TBCSE could be attributed to high flavonoid, phenolic and organosulphur compound content, which possess free-radical-scavenging properties, enhance the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism. TBCSE intake emerges to be an effective alimentary strategy to counteract the perturbations associated with a diet rich in fat.
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Mátis G, Neogrády Z, Csikó G, Kulcsár A, Kenéz A, Huber K. Effects of orally applied butyrate bolus on histone acetylation and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in the liver of chicken - a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:12. [PMID: 23336999 PMCID: PMC3561214 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Butyrate is known as histone deacetylase inhibitor, inducing histone hyperacetylation in vitro and playing a predominant role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell function. We hypothesized that butyrate, endogenously produced by intestinal microbial fermentation or applied as a nutritional supplement, might cause similar in vivo modifications in the chromatin structure of the hepatocytes, influencing the expression of certain genes and therefore modifying the activity of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Methods An animal study was carried out in chicken as a model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate’s epigenetic actions in the liver. Broiler chicks in the early post-hatch period were treated once daily with orally administered bolus of butyrate following overnight starvation with two different doses (0.25 or 1.25 g/kg body weight per day) for five days. After slaughtering, cell nucleus and microsomal fractions were separated by differential centrifugation from the livers. Histones were isolated from cell nuclei and acetylation of hepatic core histones was screened by western blotting. The activity of CYP2H and CYP3A37, enzymes involved in biotransformation in chicken, was detected by aminopyrine N-demethylation and aniline-hydroxylation assays from the microsomal suspensions. Results Orally added butyrate, applied in bolus, had a remarkable impact on nucleosome structure of hepatocytes: independently of the dose, butyrate caused hyperacetylation of histone H2A, but no changes were monitored in the acetylation state of H2B. Intensive hyperacetylation of H3 was induced by the higher administered dose, while the lower dose tended to increase acetylation ratio of H4. In spite of the observed modification in histone acetylation, no significant changes were observed in the hepatic microsomal CYP2H and CYP3A37 activity. Conclusion Orally added butyrate in bolus could cause in vivo hyperacetylation of the hepatic core histones, providing modifications in the epigenetic regulation of cell function. However, these changes did not result in alteration of drug-metabolizing hepatic CYP2H and CYP3A37 enzymes, so there might be no relevant pharmacoepigenetic influences of oral application of butyrate under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mátis
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, D-30173, Hannover, Germany.
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Yang HJ, Kwon DY, Kim MJ, Kang S, Kim DS, Park S. Jerusalem artichoke and chungkookjang additively improve insulin secretion and sensitivity in diabetic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:112. [PMID: 23270397 PMCID: PMC3573897 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus Linne, HTL) and chungkookjang (CKJ; fermented soybeans) both modulate energy and glucose metabolism. However, the mechanism and their additive effects are unknown. We investigated whether the consumption of HTL and CKJ altered insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion capacity and β-cell survival in type 2 diabetic animals. Rats were divided into partially pancreatectomized (Px) diabetic rats, and sham operated non-diabetic control rats and all fed high fat diets. Diabetic rats were sub-divided into an untreated diabetic control group and those fed 5% HTL, 5% CKJ or 5% HTL+5% CKJ for 8 weeks. HTL+CKJ treatment reduced visceral fat without modulating energy intake compared to the diabetic-control. Glucose tolerance was improved in an ascending order of diabetic-control, CKJ, HTL, HTL+CKJ, and normal-control, but by different mechanisms. CKJ and CKJ+HTL, but not HTL, increased first and second phase insulin secretion in comparison to the diabetic-control at hyperglycemic clamp. However, glucose infusion rates (mg/kg bw/min) were increased by and CKJ+HTL (13.5), but not HTL (9.4) or CKJ (9.5) alone, and HTL and CKJ+ HTL decreased hepatic glucose compared to diabetic-control during the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic study and were associated with decreased triglyceride accumulation and increased glycogen storage. The improved hepatic insulin sensitivity by HTL and CKJ+HTL was explained by potentiated insulin signaling (tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 2→phosphorylation of Akt) and phosphorylation of AMPK→phosphorykation of acetyl Co carboxlase in comparison to diabetic-control and decreased PEPCK expression. Absolute β-cell mass was increased by CKJ (23.4mg) and CKJ+HTL (26.3 mg) by increasing proliferation compared to the diabetic-control (21.26 mg). Although HTL lowered β-cell apoptosis, it did not increase β-cell mass (20.8 mg). In conclusions, HTL and CKJ enhanced glucose tolerance in different manners, and exhibited partially additive and complementary effects by reversing insulin resistance and enhancing β-cell function in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Basic Science Institutes, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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