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Manengu C, Zhu CH, Zhang GD, Tian MM, Lan XB, Tao LJ, Ma L, Liu Y, Yu JQ, Liu N. HDAC inhibitors as a potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2153-2175. [PMID: 38761314 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell development, kills millions of people globally. The WHO reported over 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. Anticancer medications destroy healthy and malignant cells. Cancer treatment induces neuropathy. Anticancer drugs cause harm to spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerve somatosensory neurons, causing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The chemotherapy-induced mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are not fully understood. However, neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the various pathways associated with the onset of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The neuroinflammatory processes may exhibit varying characteristics based on the specific type of anticancer treatment delivered. Neuroinflammatory characteristics have been observed in the spinal cord, where microglia and astrocytes have a significant impact on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The patient's quality of life might be affected by sensory deprivation, loss of consciousness, paralysis, and severe disability. High cancer rates and ineffective treatments are associated with this disease. Recently, histone deacetylases have become a novel treatment target for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain may be treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic treatment for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Common chemotherapeutic drugs, mechanisms, therapeutic treatments for neuropathic pain, and histone deacetylase and its inhibitors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are covered in this paper. We propose that histone deacetylase inhibitors may treat several aspects of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and identifying these inhibitors as potentially unique treatments is crucial to the development of various chemotherapeutic combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalton Manengu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- School of International Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Jun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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2
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Liu X, Tang SJ. Pathogenic mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pain. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3613-3624. [PMID: 37857809 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent neurological complication among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in the post-combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. These individuals experience malfunction in various cellular and molecular pathways involved in pain transmission and modulation, including the neuropathology of the peripheral sensory neurons and neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the underlying etiologies and mechanisms leading to pain pathogenesis are complex and not fully understood. In this review, we aim to summarize recent progress in this field. Specifically, we will begin by examining neuropathology in the pain pathways identified in PLHIV and discussing potential causes, including those directly related to HIV-1 infection and comorbidities, such as antiretroviral drug use. We will also explore findings from animal models that may provide insights into the molecular and cellular processes contributing to neuropathology and chronic pain associated with HIV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that viral proteins and/or antiretroviral drugs trigger a complex pathological cascade involving neurons, glia, and potentially non-neural cells, and that interactions between these cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.
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4
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Mei C, Pan C, Xu L, Miao M, Lu Q, Yu Y, Lin P, Wu W, Ni F, Gao Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Chen X. Trimethoxyflavanone relieves Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting expression and activation of P2X7 and production of CGRP in mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 236:109584. [PMID: 37225085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is an anticancer drug used to treat solid tumors, but one of its common adverse effects is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Currently, there is limited understanding of neuropathic pain associated with CIPN and effective treatment strategies are inadequate. Previous studies report the analgesic actions of Naringenin, a dihydroflavonoid compound, in pain. Here we observed that the anti-nociceptive action of a Naringenin derivative, Trimethoxyflavanone (Y3), was superior to Naringenin in PTX-induced pain (PIP). An intrathecal injection of Y3 (1 μg) reversed the mechanical and thermal thresholds of PIP and suppressed the PTX-induced hyper-excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. PTX enhanced the expression of ionotropic purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7) in satellite glial cells (SGCs) and neurons in DRGs. The molecular docking simulation predicts possible interactions between Y3 and P2X7. Y3 reduced the PTX-enhanced P2X7 expression in DRGs. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that Y3 directly inhibited P2X7-mediated currents in DRG neurons of PTX-treated mice, suggesting that Y3 suppressed both expression and function of P2X7 in DRGs post-PTX administration. Y3 also reduced the production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in DRGs and at the spinal dorsal horn. Additionally, Y3 suppressed the PTX-enhanced infiltration of Iba1-positive macrophage-like cells in DRGs and overactivation of spinal astrocytes and microglia. Therefore, our results indicate that Y3 attenuates PIP via inhibiting P2X7 function, CGRP production, DRG neuron sensitization, and abnormal spinal glial activation. Our study implies that Y3 could be a promising drug candidate against CIPN-associated pain and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Mei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Linbin Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengmeng Miao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qichen Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Pengyu Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Feng Ni
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; LeadArt Technologies Ltd., Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yinping Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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5
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Hua SQ, Hu JL, Zou FL, Liu JP, Luo HL, Hu DX, Wu LD, Zhang WJ. P2X7 receptor in inflammation and pain. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:199-209. [PMID: 35850190 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Different studies have confirmed P2X7 receptor-mediated inflammatory mediators play a key role in the development of pain. P2X7 receptor activation can induce the development of pain by mediating the release of inflammatory mediators. In view of the fact that P2X7 receptor is expressed in the nervous system and immune system, it is closely related to the stability and maintenance of the nervous system function. ATP activates P2X7 receptor, opens non-selective cation channels, activates multiple intracellular signaling, releases multiple inflammatory cytokines, and induces pain. At present, the role of P2X7 receptor in inflammatory response and pain has been widely recognized and affirmed. Therefore, in this paper, we discussed the pathological mechanism of P2X7 receptor-mediated inflammation and pain, focused on the internal relationship between P2X7 receptor and pain. Moreover, we also described the effects of some antagonists on pain relief by inhibiting the activities of P2X7 receptor. Thus, targeting to inhibit activation of P2X7 receptor is expected to become another potential target for the relief of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Hua
- Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Ling Hu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Long Zou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Peng Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Fiore NT, Yin Z, Guneykaya D, Gauthier CD, Hayes J, D’hary A, Butovsky O, Moalem-Taylor G. Sex-specific transcriptome of spinal microglia in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2022; 70:675-696. [PMID: 35050555 PMCID: PMC8852349 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating chronic disease that is characterized by activation in glial cells in various pain-related regions within the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of microglia in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we utilized RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro primary cultures of microglia to identify whether there is a common neuropathic microglial signature and characterize the sex differences in microglia in pain-related regions in nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse models. While mechanical allodynia and behavioral changes were observed in all models, transcriptomic analysis of microglia revealed no common transcriptional changes in spinal and supraspinal regions and in the different neuropathic models. However, there was a substantial change in microglial gene expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord 7 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Both sexes upregulated genes associated with inflammation, phagosome, and lysosome activation, though males revealed a prominent global transcriptional shift not observed in female mice. Transcriptomic comparison between male spinal microglia after CCI and data from other nerve injury models and neurodegenerative microglia demonstrated a unique CCI-induced signature reflecting acute activation of microglia. Further, in vitro studies revealed that only male microglia from nerve-injured mice developed a reactive phenotype with increased phagocytotic activity. This study demonstrates a lack of a common neuropathic microglial signature and indicates distinct sex differences in spinal microglia, suggesting they contribute to the sex-specific pain processing following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fiore
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron D’hary
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: A/Prof. Gila Moalem-Taylor, Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building, Level 3, room 355B, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, +61-2-90658014,
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Tozaki-Saitoh H, Takeda H, Inoue K. The Role of Microglial Purinergic Receptors in Pain Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061919. [PMID: 35335282 PMCID: PMC8949888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is an essential modality of sensation in the body. Purinergic signaling plays an important role in nociceptive pain transmission, under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and is important for communication between both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Microglia and astrocytes express a variety of purinergic effectors, and a variety of receptors play critical roles in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of purinergic signaling and of the compounds that modulate purinergic transmission, with the aim of highlighting the importance of purinergic pathways as targets for the treatment of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa 831-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-944-32-6137
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa 831-8501, Japan;
| | - Kazuhide Inoue
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
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8
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The Role of ATP Receptors in Pain Signaling. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2454-2468. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Madaan P, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Yadav S, Kaur S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Abdellatif AAH, Ashraf GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Dailah HG, Anwer MK, Bungau S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Purinergic and Orexinergic Receptors in Alcoholic Neuropathy. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:646-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Sharma A, Johnson KB, Bie B, Rhoades EE, Sen A, Kida Y, Hockings J, Gatta A, Davenport J, Arcangelini C, Ritzu J, DeVecchio J, Hughen R, Wei M, Thomas Budd G, Lynn Henry N, Eng C, Foss J, Rotroff DM. A Multimodal Approach to Discover Biomarkers for Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (TIPN): A Study Protocol. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221127169. [PMID: 36172750 PMCID: PMC9523841 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221127169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutics commonly used to treat various solid tumors, including breast and ovarian cancers. Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) occurs in up to 70% of patients, impacting quality of life both during and after treatment. TIPN typically manifests as tingling and numbness in the hands and feet and can cause irreversible loss of function of peripheral nerves. TIPN can be dose-limiting, potentially impacting clinical outcomes. The mechanisms underlying TIPN are poorly understood. As such, there are limited treatment options and no tools to provide early detection of those who will develop TIPN. Although some patients may have a genetic predisposition, genetic biomarkers have been inconsistent in predicting chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Moreover, other molecular markers (eg, metabolites, mRNA, miRNA, proteins) may be informative for predicting CIPN, but remain largely unexplored. We anticipate that combinations of multiple biomarkers will be required to consistently predict those who will develop TIPN. Methods: To address this clinical gap of identifying patients at risk of TIPN, we initiated the Genetics and Inflammatory Markers for CIPN (GENIE) study. This longitudinal multicenter observational study uses a novel, multimodal approach to evaluate genomic variation, metabolites, DNA methylation, gene expression, and circulating cytokines/chemokines prior to, during, and after taxane treatment in 400 patients with breast cancer. Molecular and patient reported data will be collected prior to, during, and after taxane therapy. Multi-modal data will be used to develop a set of comprehensive predictive biomarker signatures of TIPN. Conclusion: The goal of this study is to enable early detection of patients at risk of developing TIPN, provide a tool to modify taxane treatment to minimize morbidity from TIPN, and improved patient quality of life. Here we provide a brief review of the current state of research into CIPN and TIPN and introduce the GENIE study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Ken B. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Bihua Bie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | - Alper Sen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Yuri Kida
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Hockings
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alycia Gatta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer DeVecchio
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Ron Hughen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - G. Thomas Budd
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N. Lynn Henry
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Foss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Role of microglia and P2X4 receptors in chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e864. [PMID: 33981920 PMCID: PMC8108579 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study summarizes current understanding of the role of microglia and P2X4 receptor in chronic pain including neuropathic pain and of their therapeutic potential. Pain plays an indispensable role as an alarm system to protect us from dangers or injuries. However, neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition caused by damage to the nervous system, persists for a long period even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after injuries have healed. In this condition, pain becomes a disease itself rather than the alarm system and is often resistant to currently available medications. A growing body of evidence indicates that microglia, a type of macrophages residing in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Whenever microglia in the spinal cord detect a damaging signal within the nervous system, they become activated and cause diverse alterations that change neural excitability, leading to the development of neuropathic pain. For over a decade, several lines of molecular and cellular mechanisms that define microglial activation and subsequently altered pain transmission have been proposed. In particular, P2X4 receptors (a subtype of purinergic receptors) expressed by microglia have been investigated as an essential molecule for neuropathic pain. In this review article, we describe our understanding of the mechanisms by which activated microglia cause neuropathic pain through P2X4 receptors, their involvement in several pathological contexts, and recent efforts to develop new drugs targeting microglia and P2X4 receptors.
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12
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Uhelski ML, Li Y, Fonseca MM, Romero-Snadoval EA, Dougherty PM. Role of innate immunity in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135941. [PMID: 33961945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the innate immune system plays an essential role in the generation of many types of neuropathic pain including that which accompanies cancer treatment. In this article we review current findings of the role of the innate immune system in contributing to cancer treatment pain at the distal endings of peripheral nerve, in the nerve trunk, in the dorsal root ganglion and in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Uhelski
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Yan Li
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Patrick M Dougherty
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
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13
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Zhao YX, Yu XC, Gao JH, Yao MJ, Zhu B. Acupuncture for Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review of Clinical and Basic Studies. J Pain Res 2021; 14:993-1005. [PMID: 33883931 PMCID: PMC8055287 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s296150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common and intractable side effect of the conventional chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Acupuncture has been reported as an effective alternative therapy in treatment of PIPN in both basic studies and clinical trials. However, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys to summarize the action of acupuncture in management of PIPN. In this review, we briefly demonstrate the basic pathology of PIPN, which includes the activation of ion channels, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of axonal transport and also neuro-inflammatory involvement. Meanwhile, we review both the clinical and basic studies as an emphasis to give a general overview of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture against PIPN. Finally, we summarize the current known mechanisms underlying the action of acupuncture against PIPN mainly at peripheral and spinal levels, which include various neurotransmitters, multiple receptors, different types of enzymes and molecules. In conclusion, acupuncture could be considered as a potential alternative therapy in treatment of PIPN, and further clinical and experimental studies are called for in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hong Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
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14
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Agalave NM, Mody PH, Szabo-Pardi TA, Jeong HS, Burton MD. Neuroimmune Consequences of eIF4E Phosphorylation on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642420. [PMID: 33912169 PMCID: PMC8071873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting side effect that occurs in up to 63% of patients and has no known effective treatment. A majority of studies do not effectively assess sex differences in the onset and persistence of CIPN. Here we investigated the onset of CIPN, a point of therapeutic intervention where we may limit, or even prevent the development of CIPN. We hypothesized that cap-dependent translation mechanisms are important in early CIPN development and the bi-directional crosstalk between immune cells and nociceptors plays a complementary role to CIPN establishment and sex differences observed. In this study, we used wild type and eIF4E-mutant mice of both sexes to investigate the role of cap-dependent translation and the contribution of immune cells and nociceptors in the periphery and glia in the spinal cord during paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. We found that systemically administered paclitaxel induces pain-like behaviors in both sexes, increases helper T-lymphocytes, downregulates cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and increases mitochondrial dysfunction in dorsal root ganglia neurons; all of which is eIF4E-dependent in both sexes. We identified a robust paclitaxel-induced, eIF4E-dependent increase in spinal astrocyte immunoreactivity in males, but not females. Taken together, our data reveals that cap-dependent translation may be a key pathway that presents relevant therapeutic targets during the early phase of CIPN. By targeting the eIF4E complex, we may reduce or reverse the negative effects associated with chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M Agalave
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Prapti H Mody
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A Szabo-Pardi
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Han S Jeong
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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15
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Zeng Y, Luo H, Gao Z, Zhu X, Shen Y, Li Y, Hu J, Yang J. Reduction of prefrontal purinergic signaling is necessary for the analgesic effect of morphine. iScience 2021; 24:102213. [PMID: 33733073 PMCID: PMC7940985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine is commonly used to relieve moderate to severe pain, but repeated doses cause opioid tolerance. Here, we used ATP sensor and fiber photometry to detect prefrontal ATP level. It showed that prefrontal ATP level decreased after morphine injection and the event amplitude tended to decrease with continuous morphine exposure. Morphine had little effect on prefrontal ATP due to its tolerance. Therefore, we hypothesized that the analgesic effect of morphine might be related to ATP in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, local infusion of ATP partially antagonized morphine analgesia. Then we found that inhibiting P2X7R in the mPFC mimicked morphine analgesia. In morphine-tolerant mice, pretreatment with P2X4R or P2X7R antagonists in the mPFC enhanced analgesic effect. Our findings suggest that reduction of prefrontal purinergic signaling is necessary for the morphine analgesia, which help elucidate the mechanism of morphine analgesia and may lead to the development of new clinical treatments for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yinbo Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, 200030, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- gCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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16
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Li Y, Yin C, Liu B, Nie H, Wang J, Zeng D, Chen R, He X, Fang J, Du J, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Fang J, Liu B. Transcriptome profiling of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in spinal cord of a rat model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy identifies potential mechanisms mediating neuroinflammation and pain. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 33602238 PMCID: PMC7890637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel is a widely prescribed chemotherapy drug for treating solid tumors. However, paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse effect during paclitaxel treatment, which results in sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain among patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying PIPN still remain poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel and promising targets for chronic pain treatment, but their involvement in PIPN still remains unexplored. Methods We established a rat PIPN model by repetitive paclitaxel application. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to study glia cell activation and explore lncRNA/mRNA expression profiles in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) of PIPN model rats. qPCR and protein assay were used for further validation. Results PIPN model rats developed long-lasting mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities in hind paws, accompanied with astrocyte and microglia activation in SCDH. RNA-Seq identified a total of 814 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) (including 467 upregulated and 347 downregulated) and 412 DElncRNAs (including 145 upregulated and 267 downregulated) in SCDH of PIPN model rats vs. control rats. Functional analysis of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs identified that the most significantly enriched pathways include immune/inflammatory responses and neurotrophin signaling pathways, which are all important mechanisms mediating neuroinflammation, central sensitization, and chronic pain. We further compared our dataset with other published datasets of neuropathic pain and identified a core set of immune response-related genes extensively involved in PIPN and other neuropathic pain conditions. Lastly, a competing RNA network analysis of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs was performed to identify potential regulatory networks of lncRNAs on mRNA through miRNA sponging. Conclusions Our study provided the transcriptome profiling of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs and uncovered immune and inflammatory responses were predominant biological events in SCDH of the rat PIPN model. Thus, our study may help to identify promising genes or signaling pathways for PIPN therapeutics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02098-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huimin Nie
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danyi Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junfan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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17
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Fumagalli G, Monza L, Cavaletti G, Rigolio R, Meregalli C. Neuroinflammatory Process Involved in Different Preclinical Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:626687. [PMID: 33613570 PMCID: PMC7890072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are characterized by nerves damage and axonal loss, and they could be classified in hereditary or acquired forms. Acquired peripheral neuropathies are associated with several causes, including toxic agent exposure, among which the antineoplastic compounds are responsible for the so called Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). Several clinical features are related to the use of anticancer drugs which exert their action by affecting different mechanisms and structures of the peripheral nervous system: the axons (axonopathy) or the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons cell body (neuronopathy/ganglionopathy). In addition, antineoplastic treatments may affect the blood brain barrier integrity, leading to cognitive impairment that may be severe and long-lasting. CIPN may affect patient quality of life leading to modification or discontinuation of the anticancer therapy. Although the mechanisms of the damage are not completely understood, several hypotheses have been proposed, among which neuroinflammation is now emerging to be relevant in CIPN pathophysiology. In this review, we consider different aspects of neuro-immune interactions in several CIPN preclinical studies which suggest a critical connection between chemotherapeutic agents and neurotoxicity. The features of the neuroinflammatory processes may be different depending on the type of drug (platinum derivatives, taxanes, vinca alkaloids and proteasome inhibitors). In particular, recent studies have demonstrated an involvement of the immune response (both innate and adaptive) and the stimulation and secretion of mediators (cytokines and chemokines) that may be responsible for the painful symptoms, whereas glial cells such as satellite and Schwann cells might contribute to the maintenance of the neuroinflammatory process in DRG and axons respectively. Moreover, neuroinflammatory components have also been shown in the spinal cord with microglia and astrocytes playing an important role in CIPN development. Taking together, better understanding of these aspects would permit the development of possible strategies in order to improve the management of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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18
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Meregalli C, Monza L, Chiorazzi A, Scali C, Guarnieri C, Fumagalli G, Alberti P, Pozzi E, Canta A, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Oggioni N, Cavaletti G, Marmiroli P. Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin Alleviates Neuropathic Symptoms in a Rat Model of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031058. [PMID: 33494384 PMCID: PMC7865319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a leading cause of the dose reduction or discontinuation of cancer treatment due to sensory symptoms. Paclitaxel (PTX) can cause painful peripheral neuropathy, with a negative impact on cancer survivors' quality of life. While recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation is involved in PTX-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN), the pathophysiology of this disabling side effect remains largely unclear and no effective therapies are available. Therefore, here we investigated the effects of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on a PIPN rat model. PTX-treated rats showed mechanical allodynia and neurophysiological alterations consistent with a severe sensory axonal polyneuropathy. In addition, morphological evaluation showed a reduction of intra-epidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density and evidenced axonopathy with macrophage infiltration, which was more prominent in the distal segment of caudal nerves. Three weeks after the last PTX injection, mechanical allodynia was still present in PTX-treated rats, while the full recovery in the group of animals co-treated with IVIg was observed. At the pathological level, this behavioral result was paralleled by prevention of the reduction in IENF density induced by PTX in IVIg co-treated rats. These results suggest that the immunomodulating effect of IVIg co-treatment can alleviate PIPN neurotoxic manifestations, probably through a partial reduction of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Carla Scali
- Global Medical and R&D Department, Kedrion S.p.A., Località Ai Conti, Castelvecchio Pascoli, 55051 Lucca, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Guarnieri
- Global Medical and R&D Department, Kedrion S.p.A., Località Ai Conti, Castelvecchio Pascoli, 55051 Lucca, Italy; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, and NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (P.A.); (E.P.); (A.C.); (E.B.); (V.R.-M.); (N.O.); (P.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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19
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Yamamoto S, Egashira N. Drug Repositioning for the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Mechanism- and Screening-Based Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607780. [PMID: 33519471 PMCID: PMC7840493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe adverse effect observed in most patients treated with neurotoxic anti-cancer drugs. Currently, there are no therapeutic options available for the prevention of CIPN. Furthermore, few drugs are recommended for the treatment of existing neuropathies because the mechanisms of CIPN remain unclear. Each chemotherapeutic drug induces neuropathy by distinct mechanisms, and thus we need to understand the characteristics of CIPN specific to individual drugs. Here, we review the known pathogenic mechanisms of oxaliplatin- and paclitaxel-induced CIPN, highlighting recent findings. Cancer chemotherapy is performed in a planned manner; therefore, preventive strategies can be planned for CIPN. Drug repositioning studies, which identify the unexpected actions of already approved drugs, have increased in recent years. We have also focused on drug repositioning studies, especially for prevention, because they should be rapidly translated to patients suffering from CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Kwiatkowski K, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Piotrowska A, Makuch W, Mika J. Bidirectional Action of Cenicriviroc, a CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist, Results in Alleviation of Pain-Related Behaviors and Potentiation of Opioid Analgesia in Rats With Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615327. [PMID: 33408720 PMCID: PMC7779470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of neuropathic pain is unsatisfactory, mainly due to its resistance to the effects of available analgesics, including opioids. Converging evidence indicates the functional interactions between chemokine and opioid receptors and their influence on nociceptive processes. Recent studies highlight that the CC chemokine receptors type 2 (CCR2) and 5 (CCR5) seem to be of particular interest. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, cenicriviroc, on pain-related behaviors, neuroimmune processes, and the efficacy of opioids in rats after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. To define the mechanisms of action of cenicriviroc, we studied changes in the activation/influx of glial and immune cells and, simultaneously, the expression level of CCR2, CCR5, and important pronociceptive cytokines in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We demonstrated that repeated intrathecal injections of cenicriviroc, in a dose-dependent manner, alleviated hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli in rats after sciatic nerve injury, as measured by von Frey and cold plate tests. Behavioral effects were associated with the beneficial impact of cenicriviroc on the activation/influx level of C1q/IBA-1-positive cells in the spinal cord and/or DRG and GFAP-positive cells in DRG. In parallel, administration of cenicriviroc decreased the expression of CCR2 in the spinal cord and CCR5 in DRG. Concomitantly, we observed that the level of important pronociceptive factors (e.g., IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, and CCL3) were increased in the lumbar spinal cord and/or DRG 7 days following injury, and cenicriviroc was able to prevent these changes. Additionally, repeated administration of this dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist enhanced the analgesic effects of morphine and buprenorphine in neuropathic rats, which can be associated with the ability of cenicriviroc to prevent nerve injury-induced downregulation of all opioid receptors at the DRG level. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacological modulation based on the simultaneous blockade of CCR2 and CCR5 may serve as an innovative strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain, as well as in combination with opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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St. Germain DC, O’Mara AM, Robinson JL, Torres AD, Minasian LM. Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: Identifying the research gaps and associated changes to clinical trial design. Cancer 2020; 126:4602-4613. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M. O’Mara
- Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health University of Maryland College Park Maryland
| | | | - Lori M. Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland
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da Silva Ferreira NC, Alves LA, Soares-Bezerra RJ. Potential Therapeutic Applications of P2 Receptor Antagonists: From Bench to Clinical Trials. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:919-937. [PMID: 30760187 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190213095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have important physiological functions in mammals. Purines and pyrimidines act on P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in the plasma membrane in various cell types. P2 receptors act as important therapeutic targets and are associated with several disorders, such as pain, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, the use of antagonists for P2 receptors in clinical therapy, with the exception of P2Y12, is a great challenge. Currently, many research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of specific antagonist molecules for each receptor subtype that could be used as new medicines to treat their respective disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles some interesting findings on the application of P2 receptor antagonists in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models as well as the progress of advanced clinical trials with these compounds. CONCLUSION Despite all of the exciting results obtained on the bench, few antagonists of P2 receptors advanced to the clinical trials, and once they reach this stage, the effectiveness of the therapy is not guaranteed, as in the example of P2X7 antagonists. Despite this, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have a history of success and have been used in therapy for at least two decades to prevent thrombosis in patients at risk for myocardial infarctions. This breakthrough is the motivation for scientists to develop new drugs with antagonistic activity for the other P2 receptors; thus, in a matter of years, we will have an evolution in the field of purinergic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele C da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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Hu X, Liu Y, Wu J, Liu Y, Liu W, Chen J, Yang F. Inhibition of P2X7R in the amygdala ameliorates symptoms of neuropathic pain after spared nerve injury in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:507-514. [PMID: 32311494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala circuitry and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) have both been shown to play important roles in the modulation of neuropathic pain (NP). However, little is known about the functional role of P2X7R in the amygdala for the regulation of NP. This study aims to evaluate the alleviative effect of intra-amygdala microinfusion of a pharmacological antagonist of P2X7R (A-438079) on NP and explore its possible mechanism of action. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to construct the animal model of NP through spared nerve injury (SNI). The SNI rats randomly received chronic bilateral microinjection of A-438079 (100 pmol/side) or saline into the amygdalae via cannulas. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal duration (TWD) were measured by von Frey monofilaments. Besides, tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to assess depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to determine the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in the spinal cord. In addition, the change of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) level in the spinal cord was assessed by Western blot. Our data showed that chronic treatment with A-438079 increased MWT and decreased TWD on days 11-21 post-SNI while decreased depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors. A-438079 administration significantly attenuated the elevated immunoreactivities of IBA-1 and GFAP in microglia and astrocytes after SNI. Furthermore, the decreased expression of GAP-43 in the spinal cord due to SNI was significantly attenuated by A-438079. However, when A-438079 and a pharmacological agonist (BzATP) of P2X7R were given simultaneously, all the effects caused by A-438079 alone were reversed. In brief, our study revealed the protective role of inhibiting P2X7R in the amygdala against symptoms associated with NP, possibly attributing to its inhibitory effects on spinal microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Junting Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province 421001, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Jiang BC, Liu T, Gao YJ. Chemokines in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Metamizole relieves pain by influencing cytokine levels in dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1310-1322. [PMID: 32691345 PMCID: PMC7550285 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Treatment of neuropathic pain is still challenging. Recent studies have suggested that dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which carry sensory neural signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system, are important for pathological nociception. A proper understanding of the significance and function of DRG and their role in pharmacotherapy can help to improve the treatment of neuropathic pain. Metamizole, also known as sulpyrine or dipyrone, is a non-opioid analgesic commonly used in clinical practice, but it is not used for neuropathic pain treatment. Methods Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was induced in Wistar rats. Metamizole was administered intraperitoneally (ip) preemptively at 16 and 1 h before CCI and then twice a day for 7 days. To evaluate tactile and thermal hypersensitivity, von Frey and cold plate tests were conducted, respectively. Results Our behavioral results provide evidence that repeated intraperitoneal administration of metamizole diminishes the development of neuropathic pain symptoms in rats. Simultaneously, our findings provide evidence that metamizole diminishes the expression of pronociceptive interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-18) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, and CCL7) in DRG measured 7 days after sciatic nerve injury. These assays indicate, for the first time, that metamizole exerts antinociceptive effects on nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain at the DRG level. Conclusions Finally, we indicate that metamizole-induced analgesia in neuropathy is associated with silencing of a broad spectrum of cytokines in DRG. Our results also suggest that metamizole is likely to be an effective medication for neuropathic pain. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Jong Wan Kim, Park HS, You MJ, Yang B, Jang KB, Kwon MS. Time Course of Peripheral and Central Immune System Alterations in Paclitaxel-Treated Mice: Possible Involvement of Dysfunctional Microglia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pawlik K, Piotrowska A, Kwiatkowski K, Ciapała K, Popiolek‐Barczyk K, Makuch W, Mika J. The blockade of CC chemokine receptor type 1 influences the level of nociceptive factors and enhances opioid analgesic potency in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Immunology 2020; 159:413-428. [PMID: 31919846 PMCID: PMC7078003 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has indicated that the release of nociceptive factors, such as interleukins and chemokines, by activated immune and glial cells has crucial significance for neuropathic pain generation and maintenance. Moreover, changes in the production of nociceptive immune factors are associated with low opioid efficacy in the treatment of neuropathy. Recently, it has been suggested that CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) signaling is important for nociception. Our study provides evidence that the development of hypersensitivity in rats following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is associated with significant up-regulation of endogenous CCR1 ligands, namely, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL6, CCL7 and CCL9 in the spinal cord and CCL2, CCL6, CCL7 and CCL9 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We showed that single and repeated intrathecal administration of J113863 (an antagonist of CCR1) attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Moreover, repeated administration of a CCR1 antagonist enhanced the analgesic properties of morphine and buprenorphine after CCI. Simultaneously, repeated administration of J113863 reduced the protein levels of IBA-1 in the spinal cord and MPO and CD4 in the DRG and, as a consequence, the level of pronociceptive factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-18. The data obtained provide evidence that CCR1 blockade reduces hypersensitivity and increases opioid-induced analgesia through the modulation of neuroimmune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Klaudia Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | | | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain PharmacologyMaj Institute of PharmacologyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
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Ni CM, Sun HP, Xu X, Ling BY, Jin H, Zhang YQ, Zhao ZQ, Cao H, Xu L. Spinal P2X7R contributes to streptozotocin-induced mechanical allodynia in mice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:155-165. [PMID: 32115912 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a diabetes mellitus complication. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying PDN are still poorly understood. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a pivotal role in non-diabetic neuropathic pain, but little is known about its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Here, we explored whether spinal cord P2X7R was correlated with the generation of mechanical allodynia (MA) in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic neuropathy in mice. MA was assessed by measuring paw withdrawal thresholds and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the protein expression levels and localization of P2X7R. STZ-induced mice expressed increased P2X7R in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord during MA. Mice injected intrathecally with a selective antagonist of P2X7R and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice both presented attenuated progression of MA. Double-immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated that P2X7R-positive cells were mostly co-expressed with Iba1 (a microglia marker). Our results suggest that P2X7R plays an important role in the development of MA and could be used as a cellular target for treating PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - He-Ping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Kunshan First People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Bing-Yu Ling
- Department of Emergency, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role and pharmacological properties of the P2X7 receptor in neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 155:19-28. [PMID: 31778766 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic Pain (NPP) is caused by direct or indirect damage to the nervous system and is a common symptom of many diseases. Clinically, drugs are usually used to suppress pain, such as (lidocaine, morphine, etc.), but the effect is short-lived, poor analgesia, and there are certain dependence and side effects. Therefore, the investigation of the treatment of NPP has become an urgent problem in medical, attracting a lot of research attention. P2X7 is dependent on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ion channel receptors and has dual functions for the development of nerve damage and pain. In this review, we explored the link between the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NPP, providing insight into the P2X7R and NPP, discussing the pathological mechanism of P2 X7R in NPP and the biological characteristics of P2X7R antagonist inhibiting its over-expression for the targeted therapy of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China; Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Zhao YX, Yao MJ, Liu Q, Xin JJ, Gao JH, Yu XC. Electroacupuncture Treatment Attenuates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Inhibiting Spinal Glia and the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. J Pain Res 2020; 13:239-250. [PMID: 32099448 PMCID: PMC7005725 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Neuropathic pain is a major side-effect of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. Although the precise mechanisms responsible for this pain are unclear, the activation of neuroglia and upregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway are known to be involved. In this study, we determined whether electroacupuncture (EA) could limit mechanical hypersensitivity resulting from the chemotherapeutic drug PTX in rats, and investigated the potential mechanisms involved. Methods Rats intraperitoneally received a cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg PTX (2 mg/kg per day) or vehicle control on alternate days (day 0, 2, 4 and 6). EA treatment (10 Hz, 1 mA) was applied at bilateral ST36 acupoints in rats once every other day on days 0–14. For sham EA, needles were inserted at ST36 acupoints without electrical stimulation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by mechanical withdrawal latency (MWL) of paws to a mechanical stimulus every 2 days. Protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65, as well as TMEM119 and GFAP (indicators of microglia and astrocytes, respectively) in spinal cord was quantified by Western blot analysis. Levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in spinal cord and serum were detected by ELISA. Results Mechanical allodynia induced by PTX in both paws (right and left) of rats was significantly attenuated by EA but not sham EA treatment. In addition, EA, but not sham EA, inhibited the activation of both microglia (TMEM119) and astrocytes (GFAP) in lumbar spinal cord. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in spinal cord was suppressed by EA but not sham EA treatment. PTX significantly increased inflammatory cytokines in spinal cord and serum, which were ameliorated by EA treatment but not by sham EA. Conclusion These results indicate that EA treatment attenuates PTX-induced mechanical allodynia. The putative mechanism corroborating this finding could be related to the suppression of activated microglia and astrocytes in spinal cord, as well as the inhibition of the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway by EA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Xin
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hong Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
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Styczynski LM, Schappacher KA, Baccei ML. Early life vincristine fails to prime developing pain pathways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134764. [PMID: 31958538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Early life administration of vincristine (VNC), commonly used to treat pediatric leukemia, evokes peripheral neuropathy and mechanical pain hypersensitivity in rats that lasts into adolescence. However, the degree to which VNC-evoked neuropathic pain persists throughout adulthood has yet to be examined. It also remains unclear if pediatric VNC exposure can 'prime' developing nociceptive pathways and thereby exacerbate chronic pain following subsequent trauma later in life. To address these issues, rats received five total doses of VNC (60 μg/kg; or vehicle) on postnatal days (P) 11, 13, 17, 19 and 21 followed by a hindpaw surgical incision during adulthood. In addition, in order to model the clinical scenario where cancer relapse necessitates another round of chemotherapy, separate groups of rats that had been treated with VNC (or vehicle) as neonates were subsequently administered VNC as adults (five injections at 100 μg/kg). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density and baseline mechanical pain sensitivity were similar between the neonatal VNC and vehicle-treated littermate controls at 13-15 weeks of age, suggesting that the peripheral neuropathy, and resulting chronic pain, had resolved by adulthood. Importantly, there was no significant overall effect of early life VNC on the severity of post-operative pain following adult incision. Similarly, prior VNC exposure did not significantly influence the degree of mechanical pain hypersensitivity produced by adult VNC treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that early life VNC administration does not increase the susceptibility to develop chronic pain as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Styczynski
- Medical Sciences Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katie A Schappacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati OH 45267, USA; Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mark L Baccei
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Chemokine Signaling in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122904. [PMID: 31197114 PMCID: PMC6627296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side effect of chemotherapics such as taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and platinum compounds. In recent years, several reports have indicated the involvement of different molecular mechanisms in CIPN. The pathways described so far are diverse and target various components of the peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Among the contributors to neuropathic pain, inflammation has been indicated as a powerful driver of CIPN. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated a chemotherapy-induced increase in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines and a strong correlation with peripheral neuropathy. At present, there are not adequate strategies to prevent CIPN, although there are drugs for treating CIPN, such as duloxetine, that have displayed a moderate effect on CIPN. In this review, we focus on the players involved in CIPN with a particular emphasis on chemokine signaling.
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Manjavachi MN, Passos GF, Trevisan G, Araújo SB, Pontes JP, Fernandes ES, Costa R, Calixto JB. Spinal blockage of CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 inhibits paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:136-143. [PMID: 30991054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is the most dose-limiting side effect of paclitaxel (PTX), a widely used anti-cancer drug to treat solid tumours. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in this side effect is crucial to the development of new therapeutic approaches. CXCL1 chemokine and its receptor CXCR2 have been pointed as promising targets to treat chronic pain. Herein, we sought to evaluate the possible involvement of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in the pathogenesis of PTX-induced neuropathic pain in mice. PTX treatment led to increased levels of CXCL1 in both dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord samples. Systemic treatment with the anti-CXCL1 antibody (10 μg/kg, i.v.) or the selective CXCR2 antagonist (SB225002, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) had minor effect on PTX-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. On the other hand, the intrathecal (i.t.) treatment with anti-CXCL1 (1 ng/site) or SB225002 (10 μg/site) consistently inhibited the nociceptive responses of PTX-treated mice. Similar results were obtained by inhibiting the PI3Kγ enzyme a downstream pathway of CXCL1/CXCR2 signalling with either the selective AS605240 (5 μg/site, i.t.) or the non-selective wortmannin PI3K inhibitor (0.4 μg/site, i.t.). Overall, the data indicates that the up-regulation of CXCL1 is important for the development and maintenance of PTX-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Therefore, the spinal blockage of CXCL1/CXCR2 signalling might be a new innovative therapeutic approach to treat this clinical side effect of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne N Manjavachi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Giselle F Passos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzana B Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Robson Costa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joao B Calixto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pre-Clínicos - CIEnP, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Yan X, Li F, Maixner DW, Yadav R, Gao M, Ali MW, Hooks SB, Weng HR. Interleukin-1beta released by microglia initiates the enhanced glutamatergic activity in the spinal dorsal horn during paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome. Glia 2019; 67:482-497. [PMID: 30578561 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Patients receiving paclitaxel for cancer treatment often develop an acute pain syndrome (paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome, P-APS), which occurs immediately after paclitaxel treatment. Mechanisms underlying P-APS remain largely unknown. We recently reported that rodents receiving paclitaxel develop acute pain and activation of spinal microglial toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) by paclitaxel penetrating into the spinal cord is a critical event in the genesis of P-APS. Our current study dissected cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the P-APS. We demonstrated that bath-perfusion of paclitaxel, at a concentration similar to that found in the cerebral spinal fluid in animals receiving i.v. paclitaxel (2 mg/kg), resulted in increased calcium activity in microglia instantly, and in astrocytes with 6 min delay. TLR4 activation in microglia by paclitaxel caused microglia to rapidly release interleukin-1β (IL-1β) but not tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, or interferon-γ. IL-1β release from microglia depended on capthepsin B. IL-1β acted on astrocytes, leading to elevated calcium activity and suppressed glutamate uptake. IL-1β also acted on neurons to increase presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic AMPA receptor activity in the spinal dorsal horn. Knockout of IL-1 receptors prevented the development of acute pain induced by paclitaxel in mice. Our study indicates that IL-1β is a crucial molecule used by microglia to alter functions in astrocytes and neurons upon activation of TLR4 in the genesis of P-APS, and targeting the signaling pathways regulating the production and function of IL-1β from microglia is a potential avenue for the development of analgesics for the treatment of P-APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dylan W Maixner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia
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Neuropathic pain inhibitor, RAP-103, is a potent inhibitor of microglial CCL1/CCR8. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rojewska E, Zychowska M, Piotrowska A, Kreiner G, Nalepa I, Mika J. Involvement of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Family Members in the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy and Their Contribution to Effectiveness of Morphine. Front Immunol 2018; 9:494. [PMID: 29593735 PMCID: PMC5857572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Current investigations underline the important roles of C–C motif ligands in the development of neuropathic pain; however, their participation in diabetic neuropathy is still undefined. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the participation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) family members (CCL3, CCL4, CCL9) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Single intrathecal administration of each MIP-1 member (10, 100, or 500 ng/5 μl) in naïve mice evoked hypersensitivity to mechanical (von Frey test) and thermal (cold plate test) stimuli. Concomitantly, protein analysis has shown that, 7 days following STZ injection, the levels of CCL3 and CCL9 (but not CCL4) are increased in the lumbar spinal cord. Performed additionally, immunofluorescence staining undoubtedly revealed that CCL3, CCL9, and their receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) are expressed predominantly by neurons. In vitro studies provided evidence that the observed expression of CCL3 and CCL9 may be partially of glial origin; however, this observation was only partially possible to confirm by immunohistochemical study. Single intrathecal administration of CCL3 or CCL9 neutralizing antibody (2 and 4 μg/5 μl) delayed neuropathic pain symptoms as measured at day 7 following STZ administration. Single intrathecal injection of a CCR1 antagonist (J113863; 15 and 20 μg/5 μl) also attenuated pain-related behavior as evaluated at day 7 after STZ. Both neutralizing antibodies, as well as the CCR1 antagonist, enhanced the effectiveness of morphine in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy. These findings highlight the important roles of CCL3 and CCL9 in the pathology of diabetic neuropathic pain and suggest that they play pivotal roles in opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zychowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Cao L, Malon JT. Anti-nociceptive Role of CXCL1 in a Murine Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury-induced Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 2018; 372:225-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kwiatkowski K, Mika J. The importance of chemokines in neuropathic pain development and opioid analgesic potency. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:821-830. [PMID: 30122168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of neuropathic pain resulting from nervous system malfunction remains a challenging problem for doctors and scientists. The lower effectiveness of conventionally used analgesics in neuropathic pain is associated with complex and not fully understood mechanisms of its development. Undoubtedly, interactions between immune and nervous system are crucial for maintenance of painful neuropathy. Nerve injury induces glial cell activation and thus enhances the production of numerous pronociceptive factors by these cells, including interleukins and chemokines. Increased release of those factors reduces the analgesic efficacy of opioids, which is significantly lower in neuropathic pain than in other painful conditions. This review discusses the role of chemokines from all four subfamilies as essential mediators of neuron-glia interactions occurring under neuropathic pain conditions. Based on available data, we analyse the influence of chemokines on opioid properties. Finally, we identify new direct and indirect pharmacological targets whose modulation may result in effective therapy of neuropathic pain, possibly in combination with opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mika
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Kraków, Poland.
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Lin Y, Liu L, Jiang H, Zhou J, Tang Y. Inhibition of interleukin-6 function attenuates the central sensitization and pain behavior induced by osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:260-267. [PMID: 28663035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is the most prominent and disabling symptom in the patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and the underlying mechanism largely remains unclear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, is critically involved in the development and maintenance of central sensitization in several rodent models of chronic pain. The present study aims to elucidate the IL-6 mediated neurological adaptation in dorsal horn in the rat with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) - induced OA. Significant upregulation of IL-6 expression was detected in the dorsal horn in the modeled rats. Blockade of IL-6 function by tocilizumab markedly suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in dorsal horn neurons, and attenuated the upregulation of glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and NR2B in dorsal horn in the rats with MIA-induced OA. It was further reported that administration of tocilizumab significantly improved the performance in weight-bearing test and mitigated the mechanical allodynia in the modeled rats. These data illustrated spinal IL-6 mediated mechanism underlying the chronic pain, and proposed the potential therapeutic effect of tocilizumab on the chronic pain in the setting of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieshu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Montague K, Malcangio M. The therapeutic potential of targeting chemokine signalling in the treatment of chronic pain. J Neurochem 2017; 141:520-531. [PMID: 27973687 PMCID: PMC5434861 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a distressing condition, which is experienced even when the painful stimulus, whether surgery or disease related, has subsided. Current treatments for chronic pain show limited efficacy and come with a host of undesirable side-effects, and thus there is a need for new, more effective therapies to be developed. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain are not fully understood at present, although pre-clinical models have facilitated the progress of this understanding considerably in the last decade. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain were initially thought to be neurocentric. However, we now appreciate that non-neuronal cells play a significant role in nociceptive signalling through their communication with neurons. One of the major signalling pathways, which mediates neuron/non-neuronal communication, is chemokine signalling. In this review, we discuss selected chemokines that have been reported to play a pivotal role in the mechanisms underlying chronic pain in a variety of pre-clinical models. Approaches that target each of the chemokines discussed in this review come with their advantages and disadvantages; however, the inhibition of chemokine actions is emerging as an innovative therapeutic strategy, which is now reaching the clinic, with the chemokine Fractalkine and its CX3 CR1 receptor leading the way. This article is part of the special article series "Pain".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Montague
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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41
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Tsuda M, Koga K, Chen T, Zhuo M. Neuronal and microglial mechanisms for neuropathic pain in the spinal dorsal horn and anterior cingulate cortex. J Neurochem 2017; 141:486-498. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Center for Neuron and Disease; Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Center for Neuron and Disease; Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shanxi China
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42
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Tozaki-Saitoh H, Miyata H, Yamashita T, Matsushita K, Tsuda M, Inoue K. P2Y12 receptors in primary microglia activate nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling to induce C-C chemokine 3 expression. J Neurochem 2017; 141:100-110. [PMID: 28144998 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are widely accepted as surveillants in the central nervous system that are continually searching the local environment for signs of injury. Following an inflammatory situation, microglia alter their morphology, extend ramified processes, and undergo cell body hypertrophy. Extracellular nucleotides are recognized as a danger signal by microglia. ADP acting on P2Y12 receptors induce process extension of microglia thereby attracting microglia to the site of adenosine tri-phosphate/ADP leaking or release. However, the question whether ADP/P2Y12 receptor signaling directly stimulates the production or release of inducible factors such as cytokines remains unclear. In this study, we found that CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) is induced by ADP-treated primary microglia. Pharmacological characterization using pertussis toxin, a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and a calcium chelator revealed that CCL3 induction was caused by P2Y12 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium elevation. Next, nuclear factor of activated T-cell dephosphorylation and nuclear translocalization were observed. Calcineurin, an inhibitor for nuclear factor of activated T cell, suppressed CCL3 induction. These data indicate that microglial P2Y12 receptors are utilized to trigger an acute inflammatory response in microglia via rapid CCL3 induction after ADP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyata
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu Universisty, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inoue
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Makker PGS, Duffy SS, Lees JG, Perera CJ, Tonkin RS, Butovsky O, Park SB, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G. Characterisation of Immune and Neuroinflammatory Changes Associated with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170814. [PMID: 28125674 PMCID: PMC5268425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and associated neuropathic pain is a debilitating adverse effect of cancer treatment. Current understanding of the mechanisms underpinning CIPN is limited and there are no effective treatment strategies. In this study, we treated male C57BL/6J mice with 4 cycles of either Paclitaxel (PTX) or Oxaliplatin (OXA) over a week and tested pain hypersensitivity and changes in peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation on days 7 and 13 post 1st injection. We found that both PTX and OXA caused significant mechanical allodynia. In the periphery, PTX and OXA significantly increased circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. OXA caused a significant increase in the percentage of interleukin-4+ lymphocytes in the spleen and significant down-regulation of regulatory T (T-reg) cells in the inguinal lymph nodes. However, conditional depletion of T-reg cells in OXA-treated transgenic DEREG mice had no additional effect on pain sensitivity. Furthermore, there was no leukocyte infiltration into the nervous system of OXA- or PTX-treated mice. In the peripheral nervous system, PTX induced expression of the neuronal injury marker activating transcription factor-3 in IB4+ and NF200+ sensory neurons as well as an increase in the chemokines CCL2 and CCL3 in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion. In the central nervous system, PTX induced significant astrocyte activation in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and both PTX and OXA caused reduction of P2ry12+ homeostatic microglia, with no measurable changes in IBA-1+ microglia/macrophages in the dorsal and ventral horns. We also found that PTX induced up-regulation of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL11, CCL4, CCL3, IL-12p70 and GM-CSF) in the spinal cord. Overall, these findings suggest that PTX and OXA cause distinct pathological changes in the periphery and nervous system, which may contribute to chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preet G S Makker
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel S Duffy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin G Lees
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan S Tonkin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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44
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Lees JG, Makker PGS, Tonkin RS, Abdulla M, Park SB, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G. Immune-mediated processes implicated in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:22-29. [PMID: 28104535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and associated neuropathic pain are challenging complications of cancer treatment. Many of the major classes of chemotherapeutics can cause neurotoxicity and significantly modulate the immune system. There is ongoing investigation regarding whether reciprocal crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems occurs and, indeed, contributes to neuropathic pain during treatment with chemotherapeutics. An emerging concept is that neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms underlying CIPN. Here, we discuss recent findings, which provide insight into this complex process of neuroimmune interactions. Findings show limited infiltration of leukocytes into the nervous system of CIPN animals and varying degrees of peripheral and central glial activation depending on the chemotherapeutic drug, dose, schedule, and timing. Most evidence suggests an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and changes in immune signalling pathways. There is, however, limited evidence available from human studies and it remains unclear whether neuroinflammatory responses are the cause of neuropathy or a bystander effect of the chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Lees
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Preet G S Makker
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan S Tonkin
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Munawwar Abdulla
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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45
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A novel P2X4 receptor-selective antagonist produces anti-allodynic effect in a mouse model of herpetic pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32461. [PMID: 27576299 PMCID: PMC5006034 DOI: 10.1038/srep32461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that purinergic P2X4 receptors (P2X4R: cation channels activated by extracellular ATP) expressed in spinal microglia are crucial for pathological chronic pain caused by nerve damage, suggesting a potential target for drug discovery. We identified NP-1815-PX (5-[3-(5-thioxo-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]-1H-naphtho[1, 2-b][1,4]diazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione) as a novel antagonist selective for P2X4R with high potency and selectivity compared with other P2XR subtypes. In in vivo assay for acute and chronic pain, intrathecal administration of NP-1815-PX produced an anti-allodynic effect in mice with traumatic nerve damage without affecting acute nociceptive pain and motor function (although its oral administration did not produce the effect). Furthermore, in a mouse model of herpetic pain, P2X4R upregulation in the spinal cord exclusively occurred in microglia, and intrathecal NP-1815-PX suppressed induction of mechanical allodynia. This model also showed K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) downregulation, which is implicated in dorsal horn neuron hyperexcitability; this downregulation was restored by intrathecal treatment with NP-1815-PX or by interfering with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, a P2X4R-activated microglial factor implicated in KCC2 downregulation. Taken together, the newly developed P2X4R antagonist NP-1815-PX produces anti-allodynic effects in chronic pain models without altering acute pain sensitivity, suggesting that microglial P2X4R could be an attractive target for treating chronic pain.
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46
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Tsuda M. P2 receptors, microglial cytokines and chemokines, and neuropathic pain. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1319-1329. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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47
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Tsutsumi K, Kaname T, Shiraishi H, Kawashiri T, Egashira N. Polaprezinc reduces paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats without affecting anti-tumor activity. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:146-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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48
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Li D, Chen H, Luo XH, Sun Y, Xia W, Xiong YC. CX3CR1-Mediated Akt1 Activation Contributes to the Paclitaxel-Induced Painful Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1305-14. [PMID: 26961886 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a serious dose-limiting side effect of paclitaxel therapy, which unfortunately often happens during the optimal clinical management of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Currently the underlying mechanisms of the painful peripheral neuropathy remain largely unknown. Here, we found that paclitaxel treatment (3 × 8 mg/kg, cumulative dose 24 mg/kg) upregulated the expression of CX3CR1 and phosphorylated Akt1 in DRG and spinal dorsal horn. Blocking of Akt1 pathway activation with different inhibitor (MK-2206 or LY294002) significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by paclitaxel. Furthermore, inhibition of CX3CR1 by using neutralizing antibody not only prevented Akt1 activation in DRG and spinal dorsal horn but also alleviated pain-related behavior induced by paclitaxel treatment. This study suggested that CX3CR1/Akt1 signaling pathway may be a potential target for prevention and reversion of the painful peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Huan Luo
- Center For Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pain, Branch of The First Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center For Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Chang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Cytokines as Mediators of Pain-Related Process in Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:129034. [PMID: 26635447 PMCID: PMC4655288 DOI: 10.1155/2015/129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a clinical sign of inflammation found in a wide variety of chronic pathologies, including cancer. The occurrence of pain in patients carrying breast tumors is reported and is associated with aspects concerning disease spreading, treatment, and surgical intervention. The persistence of pain in patients submitted to breast surgery is estimated in a range from 21% to 55% and may affect patients before and after surgery. Beyond the physical compression exerted by the metastatic mass expansion and tissue injury found in breast cancer, inflammatory components that are significantly produced by the host-tumor interaction can significantly contribute to the generation of pain. In this context, cytokines have been studied aiming to establish a cause-effect relationship in cancer pain-related syndromes, especially the proinflammatory ones. Few reports have investigated the relationship between pain and cytokines in women carrying advanced breast cancer. In this scenario, the present review analyzes the main cytokines produced in breast cancer and discusses the evidences from literature regarding its role in specific clinical features related with this pathology.
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Abstract
There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines. The review then describes purinergic mechanosensory transduction involved in visceral, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal nociception and on the roles played by receptor subtypes in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Multiple purinoceptor subtypes are involved in pain pathways both as an initiator and modulator. Activation of homomeric P2X3 receptors contributes to acute nociception and activation of heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors appears to modulate longer-lasting nociceptive sensitivity associated with nerve injury or chronic inflammation. In neuropathic pain activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors on microglia may serve to maintain nociceptive sensitivity through complex neural-glial cell interactions and antagonists to these receptors reduce neuropathic pain. Potential therapeutic approaches involving purinergic mechanisms will be discussed.
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