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Zhang Y, Ma H, Bai Y, Hou X, Yang Y, Wang G, Li Y. Chronic Neuropathic Pain and Comorbid Depression Syndrome: From Neural Circuit Mechanisms to Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2432-2444. [PMID: 38916052 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid depression syndrome (CDS) is a major worldwide health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a tremendous socioeconomic burden. More than half of patients with chronic neuropathic pain also suffer from moderate or severe depression. Due to the complex pathogenesis of CDS, there are no effective therapeutic drugs available. The lack of research on the neural circuit mechanisms of CDS limits the development of treatments. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the various circuits involved in CDS. Notably, activating some neural circuits can alleviate pain and/or depression, while activating other circuits can exacerbate these conditions. Moreover, we discuss current and emerging pharmacotherapies for CDS, such as ketamine. Understanding the circuit mechanisms of CDS may provide clues for the development of novel drug treatments for improved CDS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yafan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China
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Fitzgerald PB, Hoy K, Richardson KE, Gainsford K, Segrave R, Herring SE, Daskalakis ZJ, Bittar RG. No Consistent Antidepressant Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. Brain Sci 2024; 14:499. [PMID: 38790480 PMCID: PMC11118510 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applying deep brain stimulation (DBS) to several brain regions has been investigated in attempts to treat highly treatment-resistant depression, with variable results. Our initial pilot data suggested that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) could be a promising therapeutic target. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to gather blinded data exploring the efficacy of applying DBS to the BNST in patients with highly refractory depression. METHOD Eight patients with chronic severe treatment-resistant depression underwent DBS to the BNST. A randomised, double-blind crossover study design with fixed stimulation parameters was followed and followed by a period of open-label stimulation. RESULTS During the double-blind crossover phase, no consistent antidepressant effects were seen with any of the four stimulation parameters applied, and no patients achieved response or remission criteria during the blinded crossover phase or during a subsequent period of three months of blinded stimulation. Stimulation-related side effects, especially agitation, were reported by a number of patients and were reversible with adjustment of the stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support the application of DBS to the BNST in patients with highly resistant depression or ongoing research utilising stimulation at this brain site. The blocked randomised study design utilising fixed stimulation parameters was poorly tolerated by the participants and does not appear suitable for assessing the efficacy of DBS at this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kate Hoy
- Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (K.H.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Karyn E. Richardson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (K.E.R.)
| | - Kirsten Gainsford
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (K.E.R.)
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sally E. Herring
- Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (K.H.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard G. Bittar
- Precision Brain Spine and Pain Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3109, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Mathew J, Adhia DB, Hall M, De Ridder D, Mani R. EEG-Based Cortical Alterations in Individuals With Chronic Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Investigation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104429. [PMID: 37989404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling physical health condition. Alterations in brain responses to arthritic changes in the knee may explain persistent pain. This study investigated source localized, resting-state electroencephalography activity and functional connectivity in people with knee OA, compared to healthy controls. Adults aged 44 to 85 years with knee OA (n = 37) and healthy control (n = 39) were recruited. Resting-state electroencephalography was collected for 10 minutes and decomposed into infraslow frequency (ISF) to gamma frequency bands. Standard low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography statistical nonparametric maps were conducted, current densities of regions of interest were compared between groups and correlation analyses were performed between electroencephalography (EEG) measures and clinical pain and functional outcomes in the knee OA group. Standard low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography nonparametric maps revealed higher (P = .006) gamma band activity over the right insula (RIns) in the knee OA group. A significant (P < .0001) reduction in ISF band activity at the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, whereas higher theta, alpha, beta, and gamma band activity at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the somatosensory cortex, and RIns in the knee OA group were identified. ISF activity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with pain measures and psychological distress scores. Theta and alpha activity of RIns were negatively correlated with pain interference. In conclusion, aberrations in infraslow and faster frequency EEG oscillations at sensory discriminative, motivational-affective, and descending inhibitory cortical regions were demonstrated in people with chronic painful knee OA. Moreover, EEG oscillations were correlated with pain and functional outcome measures. PERSPECTIVE: This study confirms alterations in the rsEEG oscillations and its relationship with pain experience in people with knee OA. The study provides potential cortical targets and the EEG frequency bands for neuromodulatory interventions for managing chronic pain experience in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerin Mathew
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand; Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Divya B Adhia
- Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, New Zealand; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Hall
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, New Zealand; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Ramakrishnan Mani
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand; Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, New Zealand
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4
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Bertagna NB, Wilson L, Bailey CK, Cruz FC, Albrechet-Souza L, Wills TA. Long-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity and CRF receptor type-1 neuron activation in the BNST following adolescent ethanol exposure. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:48-57. [PMID: 38206283 PMCID: PMC10784637 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol use can produce long-lasting alterations in brain function, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic alcohol use can increase pain sensitivity or exacerbate existing pain conditions, but the potential neural mechanisms underlying these effects require further investigation. Here, we evaluate the impact of chronic ethanol vapor on mechanical sensitivity over the course of acute and protracted withdrawal in adolescent and adult male and female mice, and its potential association with alterations in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). METHODS Adolescent and adult male and female mice underwent intermittent ethanol vapor exposure on 4 days/week for 2 weeks. Mechanical thresholds were evaluated 5 h and 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after cessation of ethanol exposure using the von Frey test. For mice with a history of adolescent ethanol exposure, brains were collected for in situ RNAscope processing after the final test. Messenger RNA expression of c-Fos, Crfr1, and Crf in the BNST subregions was examined. RESULTS Exposure to intermittent ethanol vapor induced persistent mechanical hypersensitivity during withdrawal in both adolescent and adult mice. Notably, the effect was more transient in mice exposed to ethanol during adulthood, resolving by day 28 after ethanol exposure. Furthermore, both male and female mice with a history of adolescent ethanol exposure exhibited increased activation of CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) neurons within the dorsolateral BNST. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the conclusion that intermittent ethanol exposure can induce mechanical hypersensitivity, potentially through the activation of BNST CRFR1 neurons. These findings provide a basis for future studies aimed at evaluating specific subpopulations of BNST neurons and their contribution to pain in individuals with a history of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B. Bertagna
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisa Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Connor K. Bailey
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fabio C. Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Albrechet-Souza
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Dhaher R, Bronen RA, Spencer L, Colic L, Brown F, Mian A, Sandhu M, Pittman B, Spencer D, Blumberg HP, Altalib H. The Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Depressed and Non-Depressed Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2561-2570. [PMID: 35883245 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and depression are common comorbid disorders whose underlying shared neural network has yet to be determined. While animal studies demonstrate a role for the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) in both seizures and depression, and humans clinical studies demonstrate a therapeutic effect of stimulating this region on treatment-resistant depression, the role for the dBNST in depressed and non-depressed TLE patients is still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this structure is morphologically abnormal in these epilepsy patients, with an increased abnormality in TLE patients with comorbid depression. METHODS In this case-controlled study, three Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from TLE patients with no depression (TLEonly), with depression (TLEdep) and healthy comparison subjects (HC). TLE subjects were recruited from the Yale University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, diagnosed with the International League Against Epilepsy 2014 Diagnostic Guidelines, and confirmed by video electroencephalography. Diagnosis of major depressive disorder was confirmed by a trained neuropsychologist through a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview based on the DSM-IV. The dBNST was delineated manually by reliable raters using Bioimage Suite software. RESULTS The number of patients and subjects included 35 TLEonly patients, 20 TLEdep patients, and 102 HC subjects. Both TLEonly and TLEdep patients had higher dBNST volumes compared to HC subjects, unilaterally in the left hemisphere in the TLEonly patients (p=0.003), and bilaterally in the TLEdep patients (p<0·0001). Furthermore, the TLEdep patients had a higher dBNST volume than the TLEonly patients in the right hemisphere (p=0.02). SIGNIFICANCE Here we demonstrate an abnormality of the dBNST in TLE patients, both without depression (left enlargement) and with depression (bilateral enlargement). Our results demonstrate this region to underlie both temporal lobe epilepsy with and without depression, implicating it as a target to treat the comorbidity between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Dhaher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Bronen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health, Jena, Germany
| | - Franklin Brown
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ali Mian
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Mani Sandhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis Spencer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamada Altalib
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tjen-A-Looi SC, Fu LW, Guo ZL, Gong YD, Nguyen ATN, Nguyen ATP, Malik S. Neurogenic Hypotension and Bradycardia Modulated by Electroacupuncture in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:934752. [PMID: 35958987 PMCID: PMC9361000 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.934752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulates somatic median afferents underlying P5-6 acupoints and modulates parasympathoexcitatory reflex responses through central processing in the brainstem. Although decreases in blood pressure and heart rate by the neural-mediated Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses are modulated by EA through opioid actions in the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus, the role of the hypothalamus is unclear. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is activated by sympathetic afferents and regulates sympathetic outflow and sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular responses. In addition, the PVN is activated by vagal afferents, but little is known about its regulation of cardiopulmonary inhibitory hemodynamic responses. We hypothesized that the PVN participates in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses and EA inhibits these cardiopulmonary responses through the PVN opioid system. Rats were anesthetized and ventilated, and their heart rate and blood pressures were monitored. Application of phenylbiguanide every 10 min close to the right atrium induced consistent depressor and bradycardia reflex responses. Unilateral microinjection of the depolarization blockade agent kainic acid or glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid in the PVN reduced these reflex responses. In at least 70% of the rats, 30 min of bilateral EA at P5-6 acupoints reduced the depressor and bradycardia responses for at least 60 min. Blockade of the CCK-1 receptors converted the non-responders into EA-responders. Unilateral PVN-microinjection with naloxone reversed the EA inhibition. Vagal-evoked activity of the PVN cardiovascular neurons was reduced by 30 min EA (P5-6) through opioid receptor activation. These data indicate that PVN processes inhibitory cardiopulmonary reflexes and participates in EA-modulation of the neural-mediated vasodepression and bradycardia.
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Vantrease JE, Avonts B, Padival M, DeJoseph MR, Urban JH, Rosenkranz JA. Sex Differences in the Activity of Basolateral Amygdalar Neurons That Project to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Their Role in Anticipatory Anxiety. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4488-4504. [PMID: 35477901 PMCID: PMC9172066 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1499-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal fear and anxiety can manifest as psychiatric disorders. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is implicated in sustained responding to, or anticipation of, an aversive event which can be expressed as anticipatory anxiety. The BLA is also active during anticipatory anxiety and sends projections to the BNST. However, little is known about the role for BLA neurons that project to BNST (BLA-BNST) in anticipatory anxiety in rodents. To address this, we tested whether chemogenetic inactivation of the BLA-BNST pathway attenuates sustained conditioned responses produced by anticipation of an aversive stimulus. For comparison, we also assessed BLA-BNST inactivation during social interaction, which is sensitive to unlearned anxiety. We found that BLA-BNST inactivation reduced conditioned sustained freezing and increased social behaviors, but surprisingly, only in males. To determine whether sex differences in BLA-BNST neuronal activity contribute to the differences in behavior, we used in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological approaches. In males, BLA-BNST projection neurons were more active and excitable, which coincided with a smaller after-hyperpolarization current (I AHP) compared with other BLA neurons; whereas in females, BLA-BNST neurons were less excitable and had larger I AHP compared with other BLA neurons. These findings demonstrate that activity of BLA-BNST neurons mediates conditioned anticipatory anxiety-like behavior in males. The lack of a role of BLA-BNST in females in this behavior, possibly because of low excitability of these neurons, also highlights the need for caution when generalizing the role of specific neurocircuits in fear and anxiety.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Anxiety disorders disproportionately affect women. This hints toward sex differences within anxiety neurocircuitry, yet most of our understanding is derived from male rodents. Furthermore, debilitating anticipation of adverse events is among the most severe anxiety symptoms, but little is known about anticipatory anxiety neurocircuitry. Here we demonstrated that BLA-BNST activity is required for anticipatory anxiety to a prolonged aversive cue, but only in males. Moreover, BLA-BNST neurons are hypoactive and less excitable in females. These results uncover BLA-BNST as a key component of anticipatory anxiety circuitry, and cellular differences may explain the sex-dependent role of this circuit. Uncovering this disparity provides evidence that the assumed basic circuitry of an anxiety behavior might not readily transpose from males to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Vantrease
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Brittany Avonts
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Mallika Padival
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - M Regina DeJoseph
- Discipline of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Janice H Urban
- Discipline of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - J Amiel Rosenkranz
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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Carli G, Farabollini F. Neural circuits of fear and defensive behavior. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 271:51-69. [PMID: 35397895 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Innate fear-related behavioral responses have evolved as strategies for survival. The neural circuits responsible for defensive responses, studied mainly in rodents, have been substantially preserved across evolution. Amygdala collects sensory information (visual, auditory and olfactory) in the cortical division and conveys it to the striatal output division. Distinct amygdala nuclei/subnuclei are activated by different fearful stimuli, such as exposure to a predator or to an aggressive conspecific. The same stimuli segregation is observed in downstream structures, i.e., hypothalamus and PAG. In guinea pigs, the circuits underlying Tonic Immobility (TI) and freezing in response to a natural predator, have been mapped in different subnuclei of the same amygdala area. In the PAG circuits, defensive responses are differentially represented along the dorso-ventral and rostro-caudal axis. The coordination of behavioral, anti-nociceptive and autonomic responses is due to the overlapping of the involved neurons in longitudinal columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Carli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Fukuwada N, Kanno M, Yoshida S, Seki K. Gαq protein signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced despair-like behavior in mice. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:438-458. [PMID: 33263080 PMCID: PMC7701371 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly comorbid with anxiety disorders. It has been reported that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is important for the induction of anxiety and MDD. Recently, the Gαq protein signaling within the BNST is involved in the induction of anxiety through Gαq protein signaling-mediated RNA-editing of GluR2 subunit, which produces the calcium (Ca2+)-impermeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. On the other hand, the role of Gαq protein signaling within the BNST on the induction of MDD has never been reported yet. Therefore, we investigated whether Gαq protein signaling-producing the Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors in the BNST is involved in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior, particularly, despair-like behavior. When mice were systemically challenged with a single dose of LPS (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.), the immobility time during tail suspension test (TST) was increased 24 h after LPS injection. However, pretreatment with bilateral intra-BNST injection of neomycin (6.5 mM, 0.125 µL/side), an inhibitor of phospholipase C that is activated by Gαq protein-coupled receptor stimulation, extended the LPS-induced increase in the immobility time of TST. Furthermore, the co-pretreatment with bilateral intra-BNST injection of neomycin with 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (3 mM, 0.125 µL/side), an antagonist of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor, to mimic one of the final forms of Gαq protein activation, abolished the aggravated effect of neomycin and significantly shortened the immobility time compared with the control mice with an intra-BNST injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid before LPS injection. However, pretreatment with bilateral intra-BNST injection of MDL-12,330A (10 µM, 0.125 µL/side), an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase that is activated by Gαs protein-coupled receptor stimulation, did not affect the LPS-induced increase in the immobility time of TST. These results indicate that the Gαq protein signaling-mediated RNA-editing of GluR2, which produces the Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors within the BNST, regulates the LPS-induced despair-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Fukuwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Miki Kanno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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Differential modulation of the anterior cingulate and insular cortices on anxiogenic-like responses induced by empathy for pain. Neuropharmacology 2020; 192:108413. [PMID: 33249119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice cohabiting with a conspecific in chronic pain display anxiogenesis in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Given that the anterior cingulate (ACC) and insular (InC) cortices play a role in the modulation of anxiety, pain, and emotional contagion, we investigated (a) the FosB activation in both brain areas and (b) the effects of intra-ACC or -InC injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2, a synaptic blocker), on the anxiety of mice cohabiting with a cagemate suffering pain. Twenty-one days after birth, male Swiss mice were housed in pairs for 14 days to establish familiarity. On the 14th day, mice were divided into two groups: cagemate sciatic nerve constriction (CNC; i.e., one animal of each pair was subjected to sciatic nerve constriction), and cagemate sham (CS; i.e., a similar procedure but without suffering nerve constriction). After that, both groups were housed again with the same pairs for the other 14 days. On the 28th day, mice had their brains removed for the immunoassays analyses (Exp. 1). For experiments 2 and 3, on the 23rd day, the cagemates received guide cannula implantation bilaterally in the ACC or InC and, on the 28th day, they received local injections of saline or CoCl2, and then were exposed to the EPM. Results showed that cohabitation with a conspecific with chronic pain decreases and increases neuronal activation (FosB) within the ACC and InC, respectively. Intra-ACC or InC injection of CoCl2 reversed the anxiogenic effect in those animals that cohabited with a conspecific in chronic pain. ACC and InC seem to modulate anxiety induced by emotional contagion in animals cohabitating with a conspecific suffering pain.
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Felipe JM, Palombo P, Bianchi PC, Zaniboni CR, Anésio A, Yokoyama TS, Engi SA, Carneiro-de-Oliveira PE, Planeta CDS, Leão RM, Cruz FC. Dorsal hippocampus plays a causal role in context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112978. [PMID: 33169700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic mental disorder characterized by frequent relapses. Contextual cues associated with drug use to play a critical causal role in drug-seeking behavior. The hippocampus has been implicated in encoding drug associative memories. Here we examine whether the dorsal hippocampus mediates context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer alcohol in Context A. Alcohol self-administration was extinguished in a distinct context (Context B). On the test day, animals were re-exposed to the alcohol Context A or the extinction Context B. Next, to assess a causal role for the dorsal hippocampus in context-induced alcohol-seeking, on the test day, we injected cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a nonselective synapse inhibitor) or vehicle into the dorsal hippocampus, and 15 min later, rats were tested by re-exposing them to the drug-associated context. The re-exposure to the alcohol-associated Context A reinstated alcohol seeking and increased Fos-positive cells in the dorsal hippocampus neurons (CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus). Pharmacological inactivation with cobalt chloride of the dorsal hippocampus attenuated the reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Our data suggest that the dorsal hippocampus may be involved in context-induced alcohol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Moreira Felipe
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paola Palombo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Riberti Zaniboni
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Anésio
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Thais Suemi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | | | - Cleopatra da Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Molini Leão
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
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12
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Moreno-Santos B, Marchi-Coelho C, Costa-Ferreira W, Crestani CC. Angiotensinergic receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus differently modulate behavioral responses in the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming test in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112947. [PMID: 33011187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in anxiety and depression disorders, but the specific brain sites involved are poorly understood. The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) is involved in expression of behavioral responses. However, despite evidence of the presence of all angiotensinergic receptors in this amygdaloid nucleus, regulation of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors by angiotensinergic neurotransmissions within the MeA has never been reported. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role angiotensin II (AT1 and AT2 receptors) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Mas receptor) receptors present within the MeA in behavioral responses in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). For this, male Wistar rats had cannula-guide bilaterally implanted into the MeA, and independent sets of animals received bilateral microinjections of either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, the selective Mas receptor antagonist A-779 or vehicle into the MeA before the EPM and FST. Treatment of the MeA with either PD123319 or A-779 decreased the EPM open arms exploration, while losartan did not affect behavioral responses in this apparatus. However, intra-MeA microinjection of losartan decreased immobility in the FST. Administration of either PD123319 or A-779 into the MeA did not affect the immobility during the FST, but changed the pattern of the active behaviors swimming and climbing. Altogether, these results indicate the presence of different angiotensinergic mechanisms within the MeA controlling behavioral responses in the FST and EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno-Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Marchi-Coelho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Miles OW, Maren S. Role of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in PTSD: Insights From Preclinical Models. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:68. [PMID: 31024271 PMCID: PMC6461014 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) afflicts approximately 8% of the United States population and represents a significant public health burden, but the underlying neural mechanisms of this and other anxiety- and stressor-related disorders are largely unknown. Within the last few decades, several preclinical models of PSTD have been developed to help elucidate the mechanisms underlying dysregulated fear states. One brain area that has emerged as a critical mediator of stress-related behavioral processing in both clinical and laboratory settings is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The BNST is interconnected with essential emotional processing regions, including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. It is activated by stressor exposure and undergoes neurochemical and morphological alterations as a result of stressor exposure. Stress-related neuro-peptides including corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) are also abundant in the BNST, further implicating an involvement of BNST in stress responses. Behaviorally, the BNST is critical for acquisition and expression of fear and is well positioned to regulate fear relapse after periods of extinction. Here, we consider the role of the BNST in stress and memory processes in the context of preclinical models of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia W. Miles
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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14
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Zaniboni CR, Pelarin V, Baptista-de-Souza D, Canto-de-Souza A. Empathy for Pain: Insula Inactivation and Systemic Treatment With Midazolam Reverses the Hyperalgesia Induced by Cohabitation With a Pair in Chronic Pain Condition. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:278. [PMID: 30519165 PMCID: PMC6250997 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy for pain is the ability to perceive and understand the pain in the other individual. Recent studies suggested that rodents have this social ability. GABAergic system has receptors in the brain structures involved in emotional processes as well as in the insular cortex. This area has been described as an important key in modulation of pain and empathy. The present study has investigated the role of insula and its Benzodiazepine-GABAA system on social modulation of pain induced by cohabiting with a mouse submitted to sciatic nerve constriction, a neuropathic pain model. The insular cortex function was assessed by the structure inactivation (Experiments 1 and 2); the role of GABA system was evaluated by systemic treatment of midazolam (MDZ 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) (Experiment 3); and the role of GABAA receptors of insula were studied by bilateral MDZ (3 and 30 nmol/0.1 μl) microinjections in the structure (Experiment 4). Male Swiss mice were housed in groups or dyads. On dyads, after 14 days of cohabitation they were divided into two groups: cagemate nerve constriction and cagemate sham (CS). After 14 days of familiarity, cagemates were evaluated on the writhing test. For group-housed, insula inactivation did not change nociception. For dyad-housed, cohabiting with a mouse in chronic pain increased the nociceptive response and the insula inactivation has reverted this response. Systemic MDZ attenuated nociception and intra-insula MDZ did not alter it. Our results suggest that cohabitation with a pair in chronic pain induces hypernociception, insula possibly modulates this response and the GABA system is also possibly involved, but not its insular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Zaniboni
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology, Center for Education and Human Sciences - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Pelarin
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology, Center for Education and Human Sciences - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences PIPGCF UFSCar, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology, Center for Education and Human Sciences - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology, Center for Education and Human Sciences - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences PIPGCF UFSCar, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Carlos, Brazil.,Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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15
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A pilot study of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:921-928. [PMID: 29748055 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies are increasingly investigating the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to a variety of brain regions in the treatment of patients with highly treatment refractory depression. Limited research to date has investigated the therapeutic potential of DBS applied to the Bed Nucleus Of Stria Terminalis (BNST). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of DBS applied to the BNST. METHOD Five patients with highly treatment resistant depression underwent DBS to the BNST in an open label case series design. RESULTS BNST DBS resulted in sustained remission of depression in two of the five patients, provided substantial therapeutic improvement two further patients, and had minimal antidepressant effect for the final patient. There were no operative complications and stimulation related side effects were limited and reversible with adjustment of stimulation. However, the time to achieve and complexity of programming required to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes varied substantially between patients. CONCLUSION DBS applied to the BNST as therapeutic potential in patients with highly refractory depression and warrants exploration in larger clinical studies.
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16
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Li X, Li X. The Antidepressant Effect of Light Therapy from Retinal Projections. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:359-368. [PMID: 29430586 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Observations from clinical trials have frequently demonstrated that light therapy can be an effective therapy for seasonal and non-seasonal major depression. Despite the fact that light therapy is known to have several advantages over antidepressant drugs like a low cost, minimal side-effects, and fast onset of therapeutic effect, the mechanism underlying light therapy remains unclear. So far, it is known that light therapy modulates mood states and cognitive functions, involving circadian and non-circadian pathways from retinas into brain. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic effect of light on major depression and its relationship to direct retinal projections in the brain. We finally emphasize the function of the retino-raphe projection in modulating serotonin activity, which probably underlies the antidepressant effect of light therapy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute for Collaborative Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. .,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Xiang Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute for Collaborative Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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Abstract
Chronic stress is a major cause of anxiety disorders that can be reliably modeled preclinically, providing insight into alternative therapeutic targets for this mental health illness. Neuropeptides have been targeted in the past to no avail possibly due to our lack of understanding of their role in pathological models. In this study we use a rat model of chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and hypothesized that neuropeptidergic modulation of synaptic transmission would be altered in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a brain region suspected to contribute to anxiety disorders. We use brain slice neurophysiology and behavioral pharmacology to compare the role of locally released endogenous neuropeptides on synaptic transmission in the oval (ov) BNST of non-stressed (NS) or chronic unpredictably stressed (CUS) rats. We found that in NS rats, post-synaptic depolarization induced the release of vesicular neurotensin (NT) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) that co-acted to increase ovBNST inhibitory synaptic transmission in 59% of recorded neurons. CUS bolstered this potentiation (100% of recorded neurons) through an enhanced contribution of NT over CRF. In contrast, locally released opioid neuropeptides decreased ovBNST excitatory synaptic transmission in all recorded neurons, regardless of stress. Consistent with CUS-induced enhanced modulatory effects of NT, blockade of ovBNST NT receptors completely abolished stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze paradigm. The role of NT has been largely unexplored in stress and our findings highlight its potential contribution to an important behavioral consequence of chronic stress, that is, exaggerated avoidance of open space in rats.
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18
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Barretto-de-Souza L, Adami MB, Oliveira LA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Duarte JO, Almeida J, Crestani CC. Nitric oxide-cGMP-PKG signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates the cardiovascular responses to stress in male rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:75-84. [PMID: 29169825 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) constitutes an important component of neural substrates of physiological and behavioral responses to aversive stimuli, and it has been implicated on cardiovascular responses evoked by stress. Nevertheless, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in BNST control of cardiovascular responses during aversive threats are still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the involvement of activation in the BNST of the neuronal isoform of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), as well as of signaling mechanisms related to nitric oxide effects such as soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG) on cardiovascular responses induced by an acute session of restraint stress in male rats. We observed that bilateral microinjection of either the nonselective NOS inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the selective nNOS inhibitor Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or the sGC inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) into the BNST enhanced the tachycardic response and decreased the drop in tail cutaneous temperature evoked by acute restraint stress, but without affecting the increase on blood pressure. Bilateral BNST treatment with the selective PKG inhibitor KT5823 also facilitated the heart rate increase and decreased the drop in cutaneous temperature, in addition to enhancing the blood pressure increase. Taken together, these results provide evidence that NO released from nNOS and activation of sGC and PKG within the BNST play an inhibitory influence on tachycardia to stress, whereas this signaling mechanism mediates the sympathetic-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane B Adami
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Sociability trait and regional cerebral oxidative metabolism in rats: Predominantly nonlinear relations. Behav Brain Res 2018; 337:186-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Contreras-Rodríguez O, Vilar-López R, Andrews ZB, Navas JF, Soriano-Mas C, Verdejo-García A. Altered cross-talk between the hypothalamus and non-homeostatic regions linked to obesity and difficulty to lose weight. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9951. [PMID: 28855582 PMCID: PMC5577266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the hypothalamus and non-homeostatic regions may contribute to explain the difficulty to lose weight in obesity, an assumption never tested in human longitudinal studies. We investigated whether the functional connectivity between the medial and lateral hypothalamus (MH and LH) and corticostriatal regions differs between individuals with excess weight (n = 42) and normal weight (n = 39) using a seed-based resting-state approach. In addition, we examined the longitudinal association between functional connectivity and weight loss in a 3-month follow-up diet. Results showed that participants with excess weight had increased connectivity between the MH and the striatum and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and decreased connectivity with the middle frontal gyrus, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as well as a decreased connectivity between the LH and the cerebellum. Decreased connectivity between the MH and the posterior part of the BNST, and between the LH and the cerebellar cortex, predicted a greater percentage of weight loss. Functional connectivity measures explained 36% of the 3-month weight change among individuals with excess weight. We conclude that altered functional connectivity between homeostatic-hypothalamic regions and non-homeostatic corticostriatal and cerebellar regions is linked to obesity and difficulty to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juan F Navas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM-17), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, University Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Oliveira LA, Almeida J, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Crestani CC. CRF1and CRF2receptors in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis differently modulate the baroreflex function in unanesthetized rats. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1805-1812. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário) 14800-903 Araraquara SP Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; PIPGCF; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Jeferson Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário) 14800-903 Araraquara SP Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; PIPGCF; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário) 14800-903 Araraquara SP Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; PIPGCF; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário) 14800-903 Araraquara SP Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; PIPGCF; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário) 14800-903 Araraquara SP Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences; PIPGCF; São Carlos SP Brazil
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22
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Gonzáles MA, Miranda AP, Orrego H, Silva R, Forray MI. Enduring attenuation of norepinephrine synaptic availability and augmentation of the pharmacological and behavioral effects of desipramine by repeated immobilization stress. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:249-259. [PMID: 28232061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide evidence that repeated immobilization stress (RIS) in rats induces a persistent increase in noradrenergic activity in the anterior aspects of the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (alBNST). This increase in noradrenergic activity results from both enhanced synthesis and reuptake of norepinephrine (NE). It leads to a decrease in the synaptic availability of NE, which elicits an augmented noradrenergic response to the inhibitors of NE reuptake (NRIs), such as desipramine (DMI), an antidepressant. The enduring depression-like behavior and the augmentation of the climbing behavior seen in repeatedly stressed rats following subchronic administration of DMI in the forced swimming test (FST) might be explained by a dysregulation of noradrenergic transmission observed in alBNST. Taken together, we propose that dysregulation of noradrenergic transmission such as the one described in the present work may represent a mechanism underlying major depressive disorders (MDD) with melancholic features in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Gonzáles
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Pamela Miranda
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Horacio Orrego
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Silva
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Forray
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Costa N, Vicente M, Cipriano A, Miguel T, Nunes-de-Souza R. Functional lateralization of the medial prefrontal cortex in the modulation of anxiety in mice: Left or right? Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Diniz CR, Casarotto PC, Joca SR. NMDA-NO signaling in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus time-dependently modulates the behavioral responses to forced swimming stress. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:126-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3) signalling mediates stress-related alcohol preference in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122504. [PMID: 25849482 PMCID: PMC4388568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful life events are causally linked with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), providing support for a hypothesis that alcohol consumption is aimed at stress reduction. We have previously shown that expression of relaxin-3 mRNA in rat brain correlates with alcohol intake and that central antagonism of relaxin-3 receptors (RXFP3) prevents stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Therefore the objectives of these studies were to investigate the impact of Rxfp3 gene deletion in C57BL/6J mice on baseline and stress-related alcohol consumption. Male wild-type (WT) and Rxfp3 knockout (KO) (C57/B6JRXFP3TM1/DGen) littermate mice were tested for baseline saccharin and alcohol consumption and preference over water in a continuous access two-bottle free-choice paradigm. Another cohort of mice was subjected to repeated restraint followed by swim stress to examine stress-related alcohol preference. Hepatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was assessed in mice following chronic alcohol intake and in naive controls. WT and Rxfp3 KO mice had similar baseline saccharin and alcohol preference, and hepatic alcohol processing. However, Rxfp3 KO mice displayed a stress-induced reduction in alcohol preference that was not observed in WT littermates. Notably, this phenotype, once established, persisted for at least six weeks after cessation of stress exposure. These findings suggest that in mice, relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling is involved in maintaining high alcohol preference during and after stress, but does not appear to strongly regulate the primary reinforcing effects of alcohol.
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Almeida J, Duarte JO, Oliveira LA, Crestani CC. Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor or fluoxetine treatment on depression-like state and cardiovascular changes induced by chronic variable stress in rats. Stress 2015; 18:462-74. [PMID: 26068517 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between mood disorders and cardiovascular disease has been described extensively. However, available antidepressants can have cardiovascular side effects. Treatment with selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) induces antidepressant effects, but whether the antidepressant-like effects of these drugs are followed by cardiovascular changes has not been previously investigated. Here, we tested in male rats exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) the hypothesis that nNOS blockers are advantageous compared with conventional antidepressants in terms of cardiovascular side effects. We compared the effects of chronic treatment with the preferential nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) with those evoked by the conventional antidepressant fluoxetine on alterations that are considered as markers of depression (immobility in the forced swimming test, FST, decreased body weight gain and increased plasma corticosterone concentration) and cardiovascular changes caused by CVS. Rats were exposed to a 14-day CVS protocol, while being concurrently treated daily with either 7-NI (30 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). Fluoxetine and 7-NI prevented the increase in immobility in the FST induced by CVS and reduced plasma corticosterone concentration in stressed rats. Both these treatments also prevented the CVS-evoked reduction of the depressor response to vasodilator agents and baroreflex changes. Fluoxetine and 7-NI-induced cardiovascular changes independent of stress exposure, including cardiac autonomic imbalance, increased intrinsic heart rate and vascular sympathetic modulation, a reduction of the pressor response to vasoconstrictor agents, and impairment of baroreflex activity. Altogether, these findings provide evidence that fluoxetine and 7-NI have similar effects on the depression-like state induced by CVS and on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Almeida
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
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Chung S, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Kim JW, Kim JM, Shin KH. Effect of desipramine and citalopram treatment on forced swimming test-induced changes in cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) immunoreactivity in mice. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:961-72. [PMID: 24748481 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent study demonstrates antidepressant-like effect of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the forced swimming test (FST), but less is known about whether antidepressant treatments alter levels of CART immunoreactivity (CART-IR) in the FST. To explore this possibility, we assessed the treatment effects of desipramine and citalopram, which inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the presynaptic terminals, respectively, on changes in levels of CART-IR before and after the test swim in mouse brain. Levels of CART-IR in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST), and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were significantly increased before the test swim by desipramine and citalopram treatments. This increase in CART-IR in the AcbSh, dBNST, and PVN before the test swim remained elevated by desipramine treatment after the test swim, but this increase in these brain areas returned to near control levels after test swim by citalopram treatment. Citalopram, but not desipramine, treatment increased levels of CART-IR in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the locus ceruleus (LC) before the test swim, and this increase was returned to control levels after the test swim in the CeA, but not in the LC. These results suggest common and distinct regulation of CART by desipramine and citalopram treatments in the FST and raise the possibility that CART in the AcbSh, dBNST, and CeA may be involved in antidepressant-like effect in the FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
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Cooke BM, Weathington JM. Human and animal research into sex-specific effects of child abuse. Horm Behav 2014; 65:416-26. [PMID: 24657521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse is the most potent experiential risk factor for developing a mood disorder later in life. The effects of child abuse are also more severe in girls and women than in men. In this review, we explore the origins of this epidemiological sex difference. We begin by offering the hypothesis that a sex-specific risk factor that influences how social cues are perceived and remembered makes girls more susceptible to the effects of child abuse. We then discuss the neural systems that mediate emotion and stress, and, how child abuse and/or mood disorders like anxiety and depression affect them. Drawing upon human and animal research, several candidates for such a risk factor are discussed. They include glucocorticoid receptor trafficking and corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding and signaling. Our own research shows that the morphometry of the prepubertal amygdala is sexually dimorphic, and could contribute to a sex difference in stimulus appraisal. We have also found that the brain of juvenile female rats is less selective than males' for threatening social stimuli. Thus, one way that women may be more vulnerable to the effects of child abuse is that they are more likely to perceive objectively benign stimuli as threatening. This bias in perception could compound with the genuinely traumatic memories caused by child abuse; the burden of traumatic memories and the increasingly reactive stress response systems could then dispose more women than men to develop depression and/or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Cooke
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, PO Box 3999, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jill M Weathington
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, PO Box 3999, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Noradrenergic neurotransmission within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates the retention of immobility in the rat forced swimming test. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:214-21. [PMID: 23625378 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283618ae4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a limbic structure that has a direct influence on the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to stress. It was recently reported that reversible inactivation of synaptic transmission within this structure causes antidepressant-like effects, indicating that activation of the BNST during stressful situations would facilitate the development of behavioral changes related to the neurobiology of depression. Moreover, noradrenergic neurotransmission is abundant in the BNST and has an important role in the regulation of emotional processes related to the stress response. Thus, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that activation of adrenoceptors within the BNST facilitates the development of behavioral consequences of stress. To investigate this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were stressed (forced swimming, 15 min) and 24 h later received intra-BNST injections of vehicle, WB4101, RX821002, CGP20712, or ICI118,551, which are selective α(1), α(2), β(1), and β(2) adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively, 10 min before a 5-min forced swimming test. It was observed that administration of WB4101 (10 and 15 nmol), CGP20712 (5 and 10 nmol), or ICI118,551 (5 nmol) into the BNST reduced the immobility time of rats subjected to forced swimming test, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. These findings suggest that activation of α(1), β(1), and β(2) adrenoceptors in the BNST could be involved in the development of the behavioral consequences of stress.
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Gomes FV, Alves FHF, Guimarães FS, Correa FMA, Resstel LBM, Crestani CC. Cannabidiol administration into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis alters cardiovascular responses induced by acute restraint stress through 5-HT₁A receptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1096-104. [PMID: 23041353 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of cannabidiol (CBD) is able to attenuate cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress through activation of 5-HT1A receptors. Previous results from our group suggest that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in the antiaversive effects of the CBD. Moreover, it has been proposed that synapses within the BNST influence restraint-evoked cardiovascular changes, in particular by an inhibitory influence on the tachycardiac response associated to restraint stress. Thus, the present work investigated the effects of CBD injected into the BNST on cardiovascular changes induced by acute restraint stress and if these effects would involve the local activation of 5-HT1A receptors. The exposition to restraint stress increased both blood pressure and heart rate (HR). The microinjection of CBD (30 and 60 nmol) into the BNST enhanced the restraint-evoked HR increase, in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the pressor response. The selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 by itself did not change the cardiovascular responses to restraint stress, but blocked the effects of CBD. These results showed that CBD microinjected into the BNST enhanced the HR increase associated with acute restraint stress without affecting the blood pressure response. Although these results are not in agreement with those observed after systemic administration of CBD, they are similar to effects observed after reversible inactivation of the BNST. Moreover, similar to the effects observed after systemic administration, CBD effects in the BNST seem to depend on activation of 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14090-090, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Dabrowska J, Hazra R, Guo JD, Dewitt S, Rainnie DG. Central CRF neurons are not created equal: phenotypic differences in CRF-containing neurons of the rat paraventricular hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:156. [PMID: 24009552 PMCID: PMC3757458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a key role in initiating many of the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. CRF-containing neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are classically involved in regulating endocrine function through activation of the stress axis. However, CRF is also thought to play a critical role in mediating anxiety-like responses to environmental stressors, and dysfunction of the CRF system in extra-hypothalamic brain regions, like the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), has been linked to the etiology of many psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. Thus, although CRF neurons of the PVN and BNST share a common neuropeptide phenotype, they may represent two functionally diverse neuronal populations. Here, we employed dual-immunofluorescence, single-cell RT-PCR, and electrophysiological techniques to further examine this question and report that CRF neurons of the PVN and BNST are fundamentally different such that PVN CRF neurons are glutamatergic, whereas BNST CRF neurons are GABAergic. Moreover, these two neuronal populations can be further distinguished based on their electrophysiological properties, their co-expression of peptide neurotransmitters such as oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin, and their cognate receptors. Our results suggest that CRF neurons in the PVN and the BNST would not only differ in their response to local neurotransmitter release, but also in their action on downstream target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dabrowska
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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Choi SH, Chung S, Cho JH, Cho YH, Kim JW, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Shin KH. Changes in c-Fos Expression in the Forced Swimming Test: Common and Distinct Modulation in Rat Brain by Desipramine and Citalopram. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:321-9. [PMID: 23946692 PMCID: PMC3741489 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rodents exposed to a 15-min pretest swim in the forced swimming test (FST) exhibit prolonged immobility in a subsequent 5-min test swim, and antidepressant treatment before the test swim reduces immobility. At present, neuronal circuits recruited by antidepressant before the test swim remain unclear, and also less is known about whether antidepressants with different mechanisms of action could influence neural circuits differentially. To reveal the neural circuits associated with antidepressant effect in the FST, we injected desipramine or citalopram 0.5 h, 19 h, and 23 h after the pretest swim and observed changes in c-Fos expression in rats before the test swim, namely 24 h after the pretest swim. Desipramine treatment alone in the absence of pretest swim was without effect, whereas citalopram treatment alone significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive cells in the central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, where this pattern of increase appears to be maintained after the pretest swim. Both desipramine and citalopram treatment after the pretest swim significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive cells in the ventral lateral septum and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray before the test swim. These results suggest that citalopram may affect c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis distinctively and raise the possibility that upregulation of c-Fos in the ventral lateral septum and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray before the test swim may be one of the probable common mechanisms underlying antidepressant effect in the FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hye Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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Not all stress is equal: CREB is not necessary for restraint stress reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned reward. Behav Brain Res 2013; 246:63-8. [PMID: 23458740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress elicits relapse to cocaine seeking in humans and in animal models. Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is required for swim stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference. However, the role of CREB in other stress-induced reinstatement models has not been examined. To determine whether CREB is required across different stressors we examined the ability of restraint to elicit reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned place preference in wild-type and CREBαΔ mutant mice. In contrast to previously published differences in swim stress-induced reinstatement, both wild-type and CREBαΔ mutant mice demonstrated restraint stress elicited reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned reward. While CREB is necessary for swim stress-elicited zif268 expression within the nucleus accubmens (NAc) shell and prelimbic cortex (PrL), restraint-stress-elicited comparable increases in zif268 expression within these regions in both wild-type and CREBαΔ mutant mice. Our findings suggest that not all stressors engage the same circuits or molecular mechanisms to elicit reinstatement behavior.
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Hazra R, Guo JD, Dabrowska J, Rainnie DG. Differential distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes in BNST(ALG) neurons: modulation by unpredictable shock stress. Neuroscience 2012; 225:9-21. [PMID: 22922122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays a critical role in regulating the behavioral response to stress. Stressors that activate the BNST also activate serotonergic (5-HT) systems. Hence, maladaptive changes of 5-HT receptor expression may contribute to stress-induced anxiety disorders. The BNST contains three neuronal types, Type I-III neurons. However, little is known about 5-HT receptor subtypes mRNA expression in these neurons, or whether it can be modulated by stress. Whole-cell patch clamp recording from Type I-III neurons was used in conjunction with single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to characterize 5-HT receptor mRNA expression, and examine the effects of stress on this expression. We report that Type I neurons expressed mRNA transcripts predominantly for 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(7) receptors. Type II neurons expressed transcripts for every 5-HT receptor except the 5-HT(2C) receptor. Type II neurons were divided into three sub-populations: Type IIA in which transcripts for 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(7) receptors predominate, Type IIB that mainly express 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(4) receptor transcripts, and Type IIC in which transcripts for 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors predominate. Type III neurons were also subdivided into two sub-populations; one that predominantly expressed transcripts for 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, and another that mainly expressed transcripts for 5-HT(2C) receptor. Unpredictable shock stress (USS) caused a long-lasting increase in anxiety-like behavior, and a concomitant decrease in 5-HT(1A) transcript expression in Type I-III neurons, as well as an up-regulation of a transcriptional repressor of 5-HT(1A) gene expression, deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 (Deaf-1). Significantly USS decreased 5-HT(1A) protein level, and increased the level of Deaf-1. USS also increased 5-HT(1B) transcript expression in Type III neurons, as well as 5-HT(7) expression in Type I and II neurons. These data suggest that cell type-specific disruption of 5-HT receptor expression in BNST(ALG) neurons may contribute to stress-induced anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hazra
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Sales AJ, Biojone C, Terceti MS, Guimarães FS, Gomes MVM, Joca SRL. Antidepressant-like effect induced by systemic and intra-hippocampal administration of DNA methylation inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1711-21. [PMID: 21585346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epigenetic modifications are thought to play an important role in the neurobiology of depression. Antidepressant treatment induces histone acetylation in the hippocampus, which is associated with transcriptional activation, whereas stress increases DNA methylation, which is associated with transcriptional repression. Because the specific involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of depressive-like behaviours is not yet known, we have investigated the effects induced by systemic or intra-hippocampal administration of inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) in rats submitted to a range of behavioural tests. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats received i.p. injections of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-azaD, 0.1-0.8 mg·kg(-1) ), 5-azacytidine (5-azaC, 0.4-3.2 mg·kg(-1) ), imipramine (15 mg·kg(-1) ) or vehicle and were submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) or open field test (OFT). Other groups of rats received intra-hippocampal injection of DNMT inhibitors. KEY RESULTS Systemic administration of DNMT inhibitors induced a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect, which was followed by decreased DNA methylation and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus. Hippocampal inhibition of DNA methylation induced similar behavioural effects. No treatment induced any locomotor effects in the OFT. Antidepressant-like effects of 5-azaD were confirmed in mice submitted to the FST or the tail suspension test. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Systemic, as well as hippocampal, inhibition of DNA methylation induced antidepressant-like effects. These effects could be associated with increased hippocampal expression of BDNF. Our data give further support to the hypothesis that DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in the development of depressive-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Campos-Melo D, Quiroz G, Noches V, Gysling K, Forray MI, Andrés ME. Repeated immobilization stress increases nur77 expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Neurotox Res 2011; 20:289-300. [PMID: 21442465 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nur77 has been identified as a neuronal activation marker of stressful stimuli in the central nervous system. Nur77 plays a key role at all levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis during the stress response. However, the participation of Nur77 in extra-hypothalamic responses to stress is unknown. In this study, we studied the impact of acute and repeated immobilization stress on Nur77 expression in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), a region involved in autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to stress. After a single session of immobilization stress we observed a significant increase of Nur77-like immunoreactivity in the BNST. This effect is not lost with repeated exposure to stress, since Nur77-like immunoreactivity and Nur77 mRNA in BNST were increased after the fifteenth stress session. The administration of desipramine, a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake, prevented the increase in Nur77-like immunoreactivity and mRNA induced by stress in rats subjected to repeated exposure to immobilization stress. Our results show that acute and repeated stress modulates Nur77 expression in BNST and suggest that Nur77 participates in extra-hypothalamic responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Campos-Melo
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Alves F, Resstel L, Correa F, Crestani C. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis α1- and α2-adrenoceptors differentially modulate the cardiovascular responses to exercise in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 177:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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