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Juliansen A, Budiputri CL, Meliani F, Muljono MP, Heriyanto RS, Chandra S, Octavius GS. Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in differentiating dengue from other acute febrile illnesses. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dengue infection is one of the most common viral infections globally, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including hemorrhage and shock. Early diagnostic confirmation of dengue infection is essential, but some areas may not have the appropriate diagnostic tools while its clinical symptoms are similar to other diseases. We aim to determine some significant clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in differentiating dengue from other causes of febrile.
Results
This study included 527 dengue patients and 268 control patients. Multivariate analysis showed older age (OR = 12.11; 95% 5.42–26.63, p < 0.001), the absence of diarrhea (OR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.06–0.25, p < 0.001), leukopenia (OR = 13.35; 95% CI 4.99–38.71, p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR = 7.12; 95% CI 2.37–21.38, p < 0.001), and normal ESR (OR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.54–5.96, p = 0.001) are significant parameters in differentiating dengue with excellence (AUC value of 0.96) and good fit of the model (p value = 0.8). The cut-off is two significant variables with a sensitivity of 91.4% and specificity of 87.5%.
Conclusions
Two or more clinical signs can help clinicians differentiate dengue from other acute febrile illnesses.
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Sarmiento-Senior D, Matiz MI, Vargas-Cruz S, Jaramillo JF, Olano VA, Lenhart A, Stenström TA, Alexander N, Overgaard HJ. Improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices on dengue and diarrhea in rural primary school students, their parents, and teachers in Colombia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010985. [PMID: 36574453 PMCID: PMC9829171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved education on water-related diseases in schools could help to reduce disease burden. This paper presents specific results on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in rural primary schools in Colombia. The aim was to investigate whether enhanced educational interventions on dengue and diarrheal disease in schools could improve KAP scores related to these diseases in students and teachers in rural primary schools, as well as the students' parents. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial was carried out in 35 rural primary schools in two municipalities in Cundinamarca, central Colombia. Schools were randomized into four arms: interventions related to diarrheal disease (DIA), dengue (DEN), both (DIADEN), or no interventions (control, CON). Both educational and physical interventions to reduce risk factors of dengue and diarrhea were implemented. Comprehensive teachers' manuals were developed and deployed to guide the learning activities. The intervention was carried out over two school years. The knowledge scores of students receiving dengue interventions (DEN, DIADEN) increased by 1.16 point score (0.75-1.56, p<0.001) and those receiving diarrhea interventions (DIA, DIADEN) increased by 1.15 point score (0.67-1.63, p<0.001). The attitude and practice scores of students receiving the diarrhea interventions increased (Attitudes: 0.41 [0.11-0.71, p = 0.01]; Practices: 0.33 [0.01-0.65, p = 0.042]), but not for those receiving the dengue interventions (p = 0.31 and p = 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE There were increases in knowledge scores among students, their teachers and their parents for both diseases. However, the attitudes and practices components were not affected to the same extent. The hypothesis that the students would disseminate knowledge acquired from the educational interventions to their parents was confirmed for dengue, but not for diarrhea. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN40195031 The trial is registered in the Current Controlled Trials under Infections and Infestations category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sarmiento-Senior
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
| | - Maria Ines Matiz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Lenhart
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
| | - Hans J. Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Microbiology & Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
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Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions on Growth, Non-diarrheal Morbidity and Mortality in Children Residing in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review. Indian Pediatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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da Silva RE, Amato AA, Guilhem DB, de Carvalho MR, Novaes MRCG. International Clinical Trials in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: Research and Development to Meet Local Health Needs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:961. [PMID: 29354059 PMCID: PMC5760498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although international health research involves some benefits for the host countries, such as access to innovative treatments, the research itself may not be aligned with their communities' actual health needs. Objective: To map the global landscape of clinical trials run in Latin American and Caribbean countries and discuss the addressing of local health needs in the agenda of international clinical trials. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional overview and used data referent to studies registered between 01/01/2014 and 12/31/2014 in the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Results: Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and asthma—studies which were financed mainly by industries—were the conditions investigated most in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. The neglected diseases, on the other hand, such as Chagas disease, and dengue, made up 1% of the total number of studies. Hospitals and nonprofit nongovernmental organizations prioritize resources for investigating new drugs for neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease and dengue. Conclusion: The international multicenter clinical trials for investigating new drugs are aligned with the health needs of the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, when one considers the burden resulting from the non-communicable diseases in this region. However, the transmissible diseases, such as tuberculosis and AIDS, and the neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease and dengue, which have an important impact on public health in this region, continue to arouse little interest among the institutions which finance the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E da Silva
- Office of Clinical Trials, Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa), Brasília, Brazil.,Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta R de Carvalho
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Education and Research Foundation, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria R C G Novaes
- Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Health Sciences Education and Research Foundation, Brasília, Brazil
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Parens R, Nijhout HF, Morales A, Xavier Costa F, Bar-Yam Y. A Possible Link Between Pyriproxyfen and Microcephaly. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9:ecurrents.outbreaks.5afb0bfb8cf31d9a4baba7b19b4edbac. [PMID: 29362686 PMCID: PMC5760164 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.5afb0bfb8cf31d9a4baba7b19b4edbac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus has been the primary suspect in the large increase in incidence of microcephaly in 2015-6 in Brazil. While evidence for Zika being the cause of some of the cases is strong, its role as the primary cause of the large number of cases in Brazil has not been confirmed. Recently, the disparity between the incidences in different geographic locations has led to questions about the virus's role. Here we consider the alternative possibility that the use of the insecticide pyriproxyfen for control of mosquito populations in Brazilian drinking water is the primary cause. Pyriproxifen is a juvenile hormone analog which has been shown to correspond in mammals to a number of fat soluble regulatory molecules including retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, with which it has cross-reactivity and whose application during development has been shown to cause microcephaly. Methoprene, another juvenile hormone analog that was approved as an insecticide based upon tests performed in the 1970s, has metabolites that bind to the mammalian retinoid X receptor, and has been shown to cause developmental disorders in mammals. Isotretinoin is another example of a retinoid causing microcephaly in human babies via maternal exposure and activation of the retinoid X receptor in developing fetuses. Moreover, tests of pyriproxyfen by the manufacturer, Sumitomo, widely quoted as giving no evidence for developmental toxicity, actually found some evidence for such an effect, including low brain mass and arhinencephaly-incomplete formation of the anterior cerebral hemispheres-in exposed rat pups. Finally, the pyriproxyfen use in Brazil is unprecedented-it has never before been applied to a water supply on such a scale. Claims that it is not being used in Recife, the epicenter of microcephaly cases, do not distinguish the metropolitan area of Recife, where it is widely used, and the municipality, and have not been adequately confirmed. Given this combination of information about molecular mechanisms and toxicological evidence, we strongly recommend that the use of pyriproxyfen in Brazil be suspended until the potential causal link to microcephaly is investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Parens
- Department of Complex Systems, New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yaneer Bar-Yam
- Department of Complex Systems, New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Overgaard HJ, Alexander N, Matiz MI, Jaramillo JF, Olano VA, Vargas S, Sarmiento D, Lenhart A, Stenström TA. A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Diarrheal Disease and Dengue Entomological Risk Factors in Rural Primary Schools in Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005106. [PMID: 27820821 PMCID: PMC5098800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic and have common risk factors, integrated control can efficiently reduce disease burden and relieve resource-strained public health budgets. Diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems sharing common risk factors in water storage containers. Where provision of clean water is inadequate, water storage is crucial. Fecal contamination of stored water is a common source of diarrheal illness, but stored water also provides breeding sites for dengue vector mosquitoes. Integrating improved water management and educational strategies for both diseases in the school environment can potentially improve the health situation for students and the larger community. The objective of this trial was to investigate whether interventions targeting diarrhea and dengue risk factors would significantly reduce absence due to diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in schools. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A factorial cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in 34 rural primary schools (1,301 pupils) in La Mesa and Anapoima municipalities, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Schools were randomized to one of four study arms: diarrhea interventions (DIA), dengue interventions (DEN), combined diarrhea and dengue interventions (DIADEN), and control (CON). Interventions had no apparent effect on pupil school absence due to diarrheal disease (p = 0.45) or on adult female Aedes aegypti density (p = 0.32) (primary outcomes). However, the dengue interventions reduced the Breteau Index on average by 78% (p = 0.029), with Breteau indices of 10.8 and 6.2 in the DEN and DIADEN arms, respectively compared to 37.5 and 46.9 in the DIA and CON arms, respectively. The diarrhea interventions improved water quality as assessed by the amount of Escherichia coli colony forming units (CFU); the ratio of Williams mean E. coli CFU being 0.22, or 78% reduction (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Integrated control of dengue and diarrhea has never been conducted before. This trial presents an example for application of control strategies that may affect both diseases and the first study to apply such an approach in school settings. The interventions were well received and highly appreciated by students and teachers. An apparent absence of effect in primary outcome indicators could be the result of pupils being exposed to risk factors outside the school area and mosquitoes flying in from nearby uncontrolled breeding sites. Integrated interventions targeting these diseases in a school context remain promising because of the reduced mosquito breeding and improved water quality, as well as educational benefits. However, to improve outcomes in future integrated approaches, simultaneous interventions in communities, in addition to schools, should be considered; using appropriate combinations of site-specific, effective, acceptable, and affordable interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. ISRCTN40195031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Overgaard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
| | - Maria Ines Matiz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sandra Vargas
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana Sarmiento
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- SARChI Chair, Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Unsuspected Dengue as a Cause of Acute Febrile Illness in Children and Adults in Western Nicaragua. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005026. [PMID: 27792777 PMCID: PMC5085067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. Suspected dengue, especially in children in Nicaragua’s heavily-urbanized capital of Managua, has been well documented, but unsuspected dengue among children and adults with undifferentitated fever has not. Methodology/Principal Findings To prospectively study dengue in semi-urban and rural western Nicaragua, we obtained epidemiologic and clinical data as well as acute and convalescent sera (2 to 4 weeks after onset of illness) from a convenience sample (enrollment Monday to Saturday daytime to early evening) of consecutively enrolled patients (n = 740) aged ≥ 1 years presenting with acute febrile illness. We tested paired sera for dengue IgG and IgM and serotyped dengue virus using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Among 740 febrile patients enrolled, 90% had paired sera. We found 470 (63.5%) were seropositive for dengue at enrollment. The dengue seroprevalance increased with age and reached >90% in people over the age of 20 years. We identified acute dengue (serotypes 1 and 2) in 38 (5.1%) patients. Only 8.1% (3/37) of confirmed cases were suspected clinically. Conclusions/Significance Dengue is an important and largely unrecognized cause of fever in rural western Nicaragua. Since Zika virus is transmitted by the same vector and has been associated with severe congenital infections, the population we studied is at particular risk for being devastated by the Zika epidemic that has now reached Central America. Dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. Unsuspected dengue among children and adults presenting with undifferentiated fever in western Nicaragua has not been studied. We prospectively studied patients ≥ 1 year of age who presented with acute febrile illness in Nicaragua and systematically collected detailed information about exposures and features of the illness as well as serum to confirm acute infections. Overall, 470 (63.5%) had evidence of prior infection with dengue virus; the proportion with antibodies against dengue virus increased with age and reached >90% in those >20 years. Thirty-eight (5.1%) had acute dengue (serotypes 1 and 2) infection. Only 8.1% (3/37) cases were suspected clinically to be dengue. Dengue is an important and largely unrecognized cause of fever in rural western Nicaragua and strikes predominantly those in child-bearing years, the same individuls at risk for devastating complications associated with Zika virus infection that is also transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
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Pérez-Castro R, Castellanos JE, Olano VA, Matiz MI, Jaramillo JF, Vargas SL, Sarmiento DM, Stenström TA, Overgaard HJ. Detection of all four dengue serotypes in Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes collected in a rural area in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:233-40. [PMID: 27074252 PMCID: PMC4830112 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti vector for dengue virus (DENV) has been reported in urban and periurban areas. The information about DENV circulation in mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas is limited, so we aimed to evaluate the presence of DENV in Ae. aegypti females caught in rural locations of two Colombian municipalities, Anapoima and La Mesa. Mosquitoes from 497 rural households in 44 different rural settlements were collected. Pools of about 20 Ae. aegypti females were processed for DENV serotype detection. DENV in mosquitoes was detected in 74% of the analysed settlements with a pool positivity rate of 62%. The estimated individual mosquito infection rate was 4.12% and the minimum infection rate was 33.3/1,000 mosquitoes. All four serotypes were detected; the most frequent being DENV-2 (50%) and DENV-1 (35%). Two-three serotypes were detected simultaneously in separate pools. This is the first report on the co-occurrence of natural DENV infection of mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas. The findings are important for understanding dengue transmission and planning control strategies. A potential latent virus reservoir in rural areas could spill over to urban areas during population movements. Detecting DENV in wild-caught adult mosquitoes should be included in the development of dengue epidemic forecasting models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Víctor A Olano
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - María Inés Matiz
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Juan F Jaramillo
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Sandra L Vargas
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Diana M Sarmiento
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Durban University of Technology, South African Research Chair
Initiative, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Mathematical and
Technological Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Kasetsart University, Department of Entomology, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et
Vecteurs Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France
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Willmott M, Nicholson A, Busse H, MacArthur GJ, Brookes S, Campbell R. Effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions in reducing illness absence among children in educational settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:42-50. [PMID: 26471110 PMCID: PMC4717429 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the effectiveness of handwashing in reducing absence and/or the spread of respiratory tract (RT) and/or gastrointestinal (GI) infection among school-aged children and/or staff in educational settings. DESIGN Randomised-controlled trials (RCTs). SETTING Schools and other settings with a formal educational component in any country. PATIENTS Children aged 3-11 years, and/or staff working with them. INTERVENTION Interventions with a hand hygiene component. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of RT or GI infections or symptoms related to such infections; absenteeism; laboratory results of RT and/or GI infections. RESULTS Eighteen cluster RCTs were identified; 13 school-based, 5 in child day care facilities or preschools. Studies were heterogeneous and had significant quality issues including small numbers of clusters and participants and inadequate randomisation. Individual study results suggest interventions may reduce children's absence, RT infection incidence and symptoms, and laboratory confirmed influenza-like illness. Evidence of impact on GI infection or symptoms was equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Studies are generally not well executed or reported. Despite updating existing systematic reviews and identifying new studies, evidence of the effect of hand hygiene interventions on infection incidence in educational settings is mostly equivocal but they may decrease RT infection among children. These results update and add to knowledge about this crucial public health issue in key settings with a vulnerable population. More robust, well reported cluster RCTs which learn from existing studies, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micky Willmott
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Heide Busse
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sara Brookes
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Londono-Renteria B, Troupin A, Conway MJ, Vesely D, Ledizet M, Roundy CM, Cloherty E, Jameson S, Vanlandingham D, Higgs S, Fikrig E, Colpitts TM. Dengue Virus Infection of Aedes aegypti Requires a Putative Cysteine Rich Venom Protein. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005202. [PMID: 26491875 PMCID: PMC4619585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious human disease and mortality worldwide. There is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for DENV infection. Alterations in gene expression during DENV infection of the mosquito and the impact of these changes on virus infection are important events to investigate in hopes of creating new treatments and vaccines. We previously identified 203 genes that were ≥5-fold differentially upregulated during flavivirus infection of the mosquito. Here, we examined the impact of silencing 100 of the most highly upregulated gene targets on DENV infection in its mosquito vector. We identified 20 genes that reduced DENV infection by at least 60% when silenced. We focused on one gene, a putative cysteine rich venom protein (SeqID AAEL000379; CRVP379), whose silencing significantly reduced DENV infection in Aedes aegypti cells. Here, we examine the requirement for CRVP379 during DENV infection of the mosquito and investigate the mechanisms surrounding this phenomenon. We also show that blocking CRVP379 protein with either RNAi or specific antisera inhibits DENV infection in Aedes aegypti. This work identifies a novel mosquito gene target for controlling DENV infection in mosquitoes that may also be used to develop broad preventative and therapeutic measures for multiple flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J Conway
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Diana Vesely
- L2 Diagnostics, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael Ledizet
- L2 Diagnostics, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Roundy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Erin Cloherty
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Samuel Jameson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dana Vanlandingham
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tonya M. Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Olano VA, Matiz MI, Lenhart A, Cabezas L, Vargas SL, Jaramillo JF, Sarmiento D, Alexander N, Stenström TA, Overgaard HJ. Schools as Potential Risk Sites for Vector-Borne Disease Transmission: Mosquito Vectors in Rural Schools in Two Municipalities in Colombia. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2015; 31:212-222. [PMID: 26375902 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-03-212-222.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue and other vector-borne diseases are of great public health importance in Colombia. Vector surveillance and control activities are often focused at the household level. Little is known about the importance of nonhousehold sites, including schools, in maintaining vector-borne disease transmission. The objectives of this paper were to determine the mosquito species composition in rural schools in 2 municipalities in Colombia and to assess the potential risk of vector-borne disease transmission in school settings. Entomological surveys were carried out in rural schools during the dry and rainy seasons of 2011. A total of 12 mosquito species were found: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Culex coronator, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Limatus durhamii in both immature and adult forms; Ae. fluviatilis, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. corniger, and Psorophora ferox in immature forms only; and Ae. angustivittatus, Haemagogus equinus, and Trichoprosopon lampropus in adult forms only. The most common mosquito species was Cx. quinquefasciatus. Classrooms contained the greatest abundance of adult female Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The most common Ae. aegypti breeding sites were containers classified as "others" (e.g., cans), followed by containers used for water storage. A high level of Ae. aegypti infestation was found during the wet season. Our results suggest that rural schools are potentially important foci for the transmission of dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases. We propose that public health programs should be implemented in rural schools to prevent vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Alberto Olano
- 1 Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá C.P. 11021, Colombia
| | - María Inés Matiz
- 1 Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá C.P. 11021, Colombia
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- 2 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
- 3 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018
| | - Laura Cabezas
- 1 Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá C.P. 11021, Colombia
| | - Sandra Lucía Vargas
- 1 Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá C.P. 11021, Colombia
| | | | - Diana Sarmiento
- 1 Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá C.P. 11021, Colombia
| | - Neal Alexander
- 4 MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- 5 Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- 6 Department of Mathematical and Technological Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
- 7 Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- 8 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MIVEGEC, 34934 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- 9 To whom correspondence should be addressed
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