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Shu P, Liang H, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Zhang D. Reactive oxygen species formation and its effect on CD4 + T cell-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199233. [PMID: 37304262 PMCID: PMC10249013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced both enzymatically and non-enzymatically in vivo. Physiological concentrations of ROS act as signaling molecules that participate in various physiological and pathophysiological activities and play an important role in basic metabolic functions. Diseases related to metabolic disorders may be affected by changes in redox balance. This review details the common generation pathways of intracellular ROS and discusses the damage to physiological functions when the ROS concentration is too high to reach an oxidative stress state. We also summarize the main features and energy metabolism of CD4+ T-cell activation and differentiation and the effects of ROS produced during the oxidative metabolism of CD4+ T cells. Because the current treatment for autoimmune diseases damages other immune responses and functional cells in the body, inhibiting the activation and differentiation of autoreactive T cells by targeting oxidative metabolism or ROS production without damaging systemic immune function is a promising treatment option. Therefore, exploring the relationship between T-cell energy metabolism and ROS and the T-cell differentiation process provides theoretical support for discovering effective treatments for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Ahmed SI, Jamil S, Ismatullah H, Hussain R, Bibi S, Khandaker MU, Naveed A, Idris AM, Emran TB. A comprehensive perspective of traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal plants as an adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103561. [PMID: 36684115 PMCID: PMC9838045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pulmonary disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. More than 200 million individuals are infected by this globally. Pyrexia, coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, diarrhoea, sore throats, and body aches are among the typical symptoms of COVID-19. The virus enters into the host body by interacting with the ACE2 receptor. Despite many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines manufactured by distinct strategies but any evidence-based particular medication to combat COVID-19 is not available yet. However, further research is required to determine the safety and effectiveness profile of the present therapeutic approaches. In this study, we provide a summary of Traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal (TAIM) plants' historical use and their present role as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Herein, six medicinal plants Aloe barbadensis Miller, Olea europaea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Cassia angustifolia, and Ficus carica have been studied based upon their pharmacological activities against viral infections. These plants include phytochemicals that have antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, and antitussive properties. These bioactive substances could be employed to control symptoms and enhance the development of a possible COVID-19 medicinal synthesis. To determine whether or if these TAIMs may be used as adjuvant therapy and are appropriate, a detailed evaluation is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan,The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Jamil
- The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Naveed
- Caribbean Medical University, Willemastad, Curacao-Caribbean Island, Curaçao
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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3
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Bhat S, Rotti H, Prasad K, Kabekkodu SP, Saadi AV, Shenoy SP, Joshi KS, Nesari TM, Shengule SA, Dedge AP, Gadgil MS, Dhumal VR, Salvi S, Satyamoorthy K. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling after Ayurveda intervention to bronchial asthmatics identifies differential methylation in several transcription factors with immune process related function. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100692. [PMID: 37018893 PMCID: PMC10122039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian traditional medicinal system, Ayurveda, describes several lifestyle practices, processes and medicines as an intervention to treat asthma. Rasayana therapy is one of them and although these treatment modules show improvement in bronchial asthma, their mechanism of action, particularly the effect on DNA methylation, is largely understudied. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed at identifying the contribution of DNA methylation changes in modulating bronchial asthma phenotype upon Ayurveda intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, genome-wide methylation profiling in peripheral blood DNA of healthy controls and bronchial asthmatics before (BT) and after (AT) Ayurveda treatment was performed using array-based profiling of reference-independent methylation status (aPRIMES) coupled to microarray technique. RESULTS We identified 4820 treatment-associated DNA methylation signatures (TADS) and 11,643 asthma-associated DNA methylation signatures (AADS), differentially methylated [FDR (≤0.1) adjusted p-values] in AT and HC groups respectively, compared to BT group. Neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched for differentially methylated genes in bronchial asthmatics, compared to AT and HC subjects. Additionally, we identified over 100 differentially methylated immune-related genes located in the promoter/5'-UTR regions of TADS and AADS. Various immediate-early response and immune regulatory genes with functions such as transcription factor activity (FOXD1, FOXD2, GATA6, HOXA3, HOXA5, MZF1, NFATC1, NKX2-2, NKX2-3, RUNX1, KLF11), G-protein coupled receptor activity (CXCR4, PTGER4), G-protein coupled receptor binding (UCN), DNA binding (JARID2, EBF2, SOX9), SNARE binding (CAPN10), transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GP1BB), integrin binding (ITGA6), calcium ion binding (PCDHGA12), actin binding (TRPM7, PANX1, TPM1), receptor tyrosine kinase binding (PIK3R2), receptor activity (GDNF), histone methyltransferase activity (MLL5), and catalytic activity (TSTA3) were found to show consistent methylation status between AT and HC group in microarray data. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the DNA methylation-regulated genes in bronchial asthmatics showing improvement in symptoms after Ayurveda intervention. DNA methylation regulation in the identified genes and pathways represents the Ayurveda intervention responsive genes and may be further explored as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for bronchial asthma in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Rotti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Vahab Saadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma P Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, S. P. University of Pune, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanuja M Nesari
- Department of Dravyaguna, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushant A Shengule
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, S. P. University of Pune, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Amrish P Dedge
- Department of Dravyaguna, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maithili S Gadgil
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, S. P. University of Pune, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram R Dhumal
- Department of Dravyaguna, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chest Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Borghi SM, Domiciano TP, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Ferraz CR, Bussmann AJC, Vignoli JA, Camilios-Neto D, Ambrósio SR, Arakawa NS, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski-derived kaurenoic acid prevents ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice: Effect on Th2 cytokines, STAT6/GATA-3 signaling, NFκB/Nrf2 redox sensitive pathways, and regulatory T cell phenotype markers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114708. [PMID: 34619320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is used in traditional medicine in Brazil for inflammatory diseases treatment including asthma. The diterpene kaurenoic acid (KA) is one of its active compounds, but whether KA activity could explain the traditional use of S. trilobata in asthma is unknown. AIM Investigate KA effect and mechanisms in asthma. METHODS Experimental asthma was induced by ovalbumin immunization and challenge in male Swiss mice. KA (0.1-10 mg/kg, gavage) was administered 1 h before the ovalbumin challenge. Total leukocytes, eosinophil, and mast cell were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung histopathology was performed. Lung mRNA expression of Th2 and regulatory T cells markers, and BALF type 2 cytokine production were quantitated. NFκB activation and oxidative stress-related components in pulmonary tissue were measured. RESULTS KA inhibited the migration of total leukocytes and eosinophils to BALF, reduced lung histopathology (inflammatory cells and mast cells), mRNA expression of IL-33/ST2, STAT6/GATA-3 and NFκB activation in the lung, and reduced IL-33, IL-4, IL-5 production in the BALF. KA also reduced the mRNA expression of iNOS and gp91phox, and superoxide anion production accompanied by the induction of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression, thus, exerting an antioxidant effect. Finally, KA induced nTreg-like and Tr1-like, but not Th3-like markers of suppressive T cell phenotypes in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION KA prevents antigen-induced asthma by down-regulating Th2 and NFκB/cytokine-related pathways, and up-regulating Nrf2 and regulatory T cells' markers. Thus, explaining the ethnopharmacological use of S. trilobata for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Norte do Paraná - Unopar, Rua Marselha, 591, Jardim Piza, 86.041-140, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Talita P Domiciano
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Allan J C Bussmann
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Josiane A Vignoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sergio R Ambrósio
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca - Unifran, Avenida Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, Franca, São Paulo, 14404-600, Brazil.
| | - Nilton S Arakawa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86039-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86039-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Chávez MD, Tse HM. Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703972. [PMID: 34276700 PMCID: PMC8281042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in oxidative stress could be associated with tissue and cell damage common in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive CD4 T cell effector subsets (Th1,Th17) driving these diseases require increased glycolytic metabolism to upregulate key transcription factors (TF) like T-bet and RORγt that drive differentiation and proinflammatory responses. However, research in immunometabolism has demonstrated that mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules contributing to T cell fate and function. Eliminating autoreactive T cells by targeting glycolysis or ROS production is a potential strategy to inhibit autoreactive T cell activation without compromising systemic immune function. Additionally, increasing self-tolerance by promoting functional immunosuppressive CD4 T regulatory (Treg) cells is another alternative therapeutic for autoimmune disease. Tregs require increased ROS and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for Foxp3 TF expression, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis. Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Current treatment options for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include global immunosuppression, antibodies to deplete immune cells, and anti-cytokine therapy. While effective in diminishing autoreactive T cells, they can also compromise other immune responses resulting in increased susceptibility to other diseases and complications. The impact of mitochondrial-derived ROS and immunometabolism reprogramming in autoreactive T cell differentiation could be a potential target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Exploiting these pathways may delay autoimmune responses in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Šutovská M, Kocmálová M, Kazimierová I, Forsberg CIN, Jošková M, Adamkov M, Fraňová S. Effects of Inhalation of STIM-Orai Antagonist SKF 96365 on Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling in Guinea Pigs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1335:87-101. [PMID: 33742420 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling (AR) consists of wall thickening and hyperreactivity. STIM (stromal interaction molecule) and Orai protein pathways mediate extracellular Ca2+ signals involved in AR. This study aims to define the effects on AR of the STIM-Orai antagonist SKF 96365 given by inhalation in three increasing doses in ovalbumin-induced AR. In the control group, the antiasthmatic budesonide and salbutamol were given in the same model. The airway structure was evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry and reactivity by specific airway resistance, contraction strength of isolated airway smooth muscles, and mucociliary clearance expressed by ciliary beating frequency. The immuno-biochemical markers of chronic inflammation were evaluated by BioPlex and ELISA assays. The AR was mediated by inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. The findings show significant anti-remodeling effects of SKF 96365, which were associated with a decrease in airway hyperreactivity. The anti-remodeling effect of SKF 96365 was mediated via the suppression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 synthesis, and IL-12-INF-γ-TGF-β pathway. The budesonide-related AR suppression had to do with a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in the anti-inflammatory IL-10, with negligible influence on growth factors synthesis and mucous glands activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Šutovská
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Mala Hora, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Kocmálová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Mala Hora, Martin, Slovakia. .,Martin's Biomedical Center (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Kazimierová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Mala Hora, Martin, Slovakia.,Martin's Biomedical Center (BioMed), Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Marta Jošková
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Mala Hora, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Institute of Histology and Embryology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Fraňová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Mala Hora, Martin, Slovakia
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Capek P, Matulová M, Šutovská M, Barboríková J, Molitorisová M, Kazimierová I. Chlorella vulgaris α-L-arabino-α-L-rhamno-α,β-D-galactan structure and mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:188-198. [PMID: 32565301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are given great attention due to their potential biotechnology applications. Purified C. vulgaris EPS was subjected to compositional and sugar linkage analyses, and partial acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysate separation by gel chromatography afforded oligosaccharide fractions. Both, EPS and oligomers were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Data suggest very complex highly branched α-L-arabino-α-L-rhamno-α,β-D-galactan structure. Backbone repeating unit is formed by →2)-α-L-Rha (1 → 3)-α-L-Rha(1 → sequence, highly branched by long 1,6-linked α-D-Galp side chains, further branched at C2, C3 or C4 by α-L-Araf, α-D-Galf and β-D-Galf residues. α-L-Araf form longer 1,2-linked chains branched at C3, C4 or C5. Galf residues are localized as terminal units predominantly in the β configuration, while α-D-Galp and α-L-Araf may be partially O-methylated. Ex vivo biological assays showed increased interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) levels corresponding to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) decrease in guinea pig model experimental asthma. These facts point to the anti-remodelling effect of Chlorella EPS and suggest its possible application in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Matulová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šutovská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Barboríková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Molitorisová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kazimierová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Ryu JH, Kim Y, Kim T, Kim YM, Jung J, Lee S, Lee SE, Kim NG, Shin Y. Light-emitting diode-based photobiomodulation reduces features of allergic asthma in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:230-234. [PMID: 31140603 DOI: 10.1111/all.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Yeonye Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Sang‐Yull Lee
- Department of Biochemistry Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Respiratory and Allergy Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven Seoul Korea
| | - Yong‐Il Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan Korea
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9
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Poe C, Youngblood C, Hodge K, Kemp K. Treatment of established TH2 cells with 4μ8c, an inhibitor of IRE1α, blocks IL-5 but not IL-4 secretion. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:3. [PMID: 30630412 PMCID: PMC6327572 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell activation induces ER stress and upregulates Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), an activator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Inhibition of IRE1α RNase activity in activated CD4+ splenocytes from naïve mice, via treatment of the cells with the commercially available drug 4μ8c upon activation, results in the reduction of the secretion of proteins IL-5, IL-4, and IL-13. Prior to this work, it was unknown if 4μ8c could inhibit TH2 cytokines in established TH2 cells, cells that are crucial in promoting disease in severe asthma. RESULTS Treatment of a mouse T helper (TH)2 cell line and differentiated human TH2 cells with 4μ8c resulted in inhibition of IL-5, but not IL-4, as measured by ELISA. The reduced cytokine expression was not due to differences in mRNA stability or mRNA levels; it appears to be due to a defect in secretion, as the cells produce cytokines IL-5 as measured by flow cytometry and western blot. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the inhibition of IL-5 was due to post-translational processes. IL-5 promotes chronic, inflammatory asthma, and 4μ8c blocks its expression in T cells in vitro. Future studies will determine if 4μ8c treatment can ameliorate the effects of the cytokine IL-5 in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Poe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, 3100 New Orleans Street, Broken Arrow, OK, 74014, USA
| | - Cheyanne Youngblood
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, 3100 New Orleans Street, Broken Arrow, OK, 74014, USA
| | - Karissa Hodge
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, 3100 New Orleans Street, Broken Arrow, OK, 74014, USA
| | - Kyeorda Kemp
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, 3100 New Orleans Street, Broken Arrow, OK, 74014, USA. .,Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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10
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Piyadasa H, Hemshekhar M, Altieri A, Basu S, van der Does AM, Halayko AJ, Hiemstra PS, Mookherjee N. Immunomodulatory innate defence regulator (IDR) peptide alleviates airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Thorax 2018; 73:908-917. [PMID: 29853649 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbation in asthma is associated with decreased expression of specific host defence peptides (HDPs) in the lungs. We examined the effects of a synthetic derivative of HDP, innate defence regulator (IDR) peptide IDR-1002, in house dust mite (HDM)-challenged murine model of asthma, in interleukin (IL)-33-challenged mice and in human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs). METHODS IDR-1002 (6 mg/kg per mouse) was administered (subcutaneously) in HDM-challenged and/or IL-33-challenged BALB/c mice. Lung function analysis was performed with increasing dose of methacholine by flexiVent small animal ventilator, cell differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage performed by modified Wright-Giemsa staining, and cytokines monitored by MesoScale Discovery assay and ELISA. PBECs stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), with or without IDR-1002, were analysed by western blots. RESULTS IDR-1002 blunted HDM challenge-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and lung leucocyte accumulation including that of eosinophils and neutrophils, in HDM-challenged mice. Concomitantly, IDR-1002 suppressed HDM-induced IL-33 in the lungs. IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced IL-33 production was abrogated by IDR-1002 in PBECs. Administration of IL-33 in HDM-challenged mice, or challenge with IL-33 alone, mitigated the ability of IDR-1002 to control leucocyte accumulation in the lungs, suggesting that the suppression of IL-33 is essential for the anti-inflammatory activity of IDR-1002. In contrast, the peptide significantly reduced either HDM, IL-33 or HDM+IL-33 co-challenge-induced AHR in vivo. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an immunomodulatory IDR peptide controls the pathophysiology of asthma in a murine model. As IL-33 is implicated in steroid-refractory severe asthma, our findings on the effects of IDR-1002 may contribute to the development of novel therapies for steroid-refractory severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anthony Altieri
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Canadian Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Canadian Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Işık S, Karaman M, Micili SÇ, Çağlayan-Sözmen Ş, Bağrıyanık HA, Arıkan-Ayyıldız Z, Uzuner N, Karaman Ö. Sinomenine ameliorates the airway remodelling, apoptosis of airway epithelial cells, and Th2 immune response in a murine model of chronic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:67-75. [PMID: 28778746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum which has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, immunosuppression and anti-angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of SIN on airway remodelling, epithelial apoptosis, and T Helper (Th)-2 derived cytokine levels in a murine model of chronic asthma. METHODS Twenty-two BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; I (control), II (placebo), III, IV. Mice in groups III and IV received the SIN (100mg/kg), and dexamethasone (1mg/kg) respectively. Epithelium thickness, sub-epithelial smooth muscle thickness, number of mast and goblet cells of samples isolated from the lung were measured. Immunohistochemical scorings of the lung tissue for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG-F), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3 were determined. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Nitric oxide in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E in serum were quantified by standard ELISA protocols. RESULTS The dose of 100mg/kg SIN treatment provided beneficial effects on all of the histopathological findings of airway remodelling compared to placebo (p<0.05). All cytokine levels in BALF and serum and immunohistochemical scores were significantly lower in 100mg/kg SIN treated group compared to the placebo (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the dose of 100mg/kg SIN improved all histopathological changes of airway remodelling and its beneficial effects might be related to modulating Th-2 derived cytokines and the inhibition of apoptosis of airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Işık
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - M Karaman
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Ç Micili
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Histology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ş Çağlayan-Sözmen
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H A Bağrıyanık
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Histology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Z Arıkan-Ayyıldız
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Uzuner
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ö Karaman
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Ridolo E, Rogkakou A, Ventura MT, Martignago I, Incorvaia C, Di Lorenzo G, Passalacqua G. How to fit allergen immunotherapy in the elderly. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 29785175 PMCID: PMC5951166 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis are very common in young people, but in the latest decades it was increasingly recognized that also individuals of higher ages, including the population over 65 years, are concerned. Actually, it is now acknowledged the aging does not considerably alter the immune response to allergens. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that works on the causes of allergy, but elderly people are commonly excluded from AIT, except the cases of insect sting allergy. A number of recent studies showed that aged individuals also successfully respond to AIT for respiratory allergy. Therefore, there is no reason to exclude elder patients from AIT. Anyhow, clinical conditions that are considered absolute or relative contraindications are quite frequent in this aged population, thus the risk/benefit ratio must be carefully evaluated for each patient, taking into account that the more frequent occurrence of co-morbidities and the consequent need of daily-based multidrug regimen can favor adverse effects. An important issue concern the ability of AIT, and particularly of sublingual immunotherapy, to significantly improve the quality of life, that often is particularly impaired in the elderly, reducing symptoms and drugs consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Ridolo
- 1Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anti Rogkakou
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Irene Martignago
- 1Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Di Lorenzo
- 5Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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13
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Liang Z, Nie H, Xu Y, Peng J, Zeng Y, Wei Y, Wen X, Qiu J, Zhong W, Deng X, He J. Therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid on airway responses in a murine model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:90-97. [PMID: 27825045 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an active component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Previously, we reported that RA exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse acute lung injury model. Therefore, we hypothesized that RA might also have potential therapeutic effects in a murine model of asthma. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of RA and explored its possible molecular mechanisms of action. Female BALB/c mice that had been sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin (Ova) were treated with RA (20mg/kg) 1h after challenge. The results showed that RA greatly diminished the number of inflammatory cells and the production of Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); significantly reduced the secretion of total IgE, Ova-specific IgE, and eotaxin; and markedly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) compared with Ova-induced mice. Histological studies further revealed that RA substantially decreased inflammatory cells infiltration and mucus hypersecretion compared with Ova-induced mice. Moreover, our results suggested that the protective effects of RA were mediated by the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Furthermore, RA treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of AMCase, CCL11, CCR3, Ym2 and E-selectin in lung tissue. These findings suggest that RA may effectively delay the development of airway inflammation and could thus be used as a therapy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Haiying Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Jianbo Peng
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, PR China
| | - Yun Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Yingyi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Weiting Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, PR China.
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14
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Inundation of asthma target research: Untangling asthma riddles. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:60-85. [PMID: 27667568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inveterate inflammatory disorder, delineated by the airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway wall remodeling. Although, asthma is a vague term, and is recognized as heterogenous entity encompassing different phenotypes. Targeting single mediator or receptor did not prove much clinical significant, as asthma is complex disease involving myriad inflammatory mediators. Asthma may probably involve a large number of different types of molecular and cellular components interacting through complex pathophysiological pathways. This review covers the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Furthermore, review describe importance of targeting several mediators/modulators and receptor antagonists involved in the physiopathology of asthma. Novel targets for asthma research include Galectins, Immunological targets, K + Channels, Kinases and Transcription Factors, Toll-like receptors, Selectins and Transient receptor potential channels. But recent developments in asthma research are very promising, these include Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) abated airway obstruction in mouse model of asthma and Calcium-sensing receptor obliterate inflammation and in bronchial hyperresponsiveness allergic asthma. All these progresses in asthma targets, and asthma phenotypes exploration are auspicious in untangling of asthma riddles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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15
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Durham AL, Caramori G, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Transl Res 2016; 167:192-203. [PMID: 26334389 PMCID: PMC4728194 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the airway, although the drivers and site of the inflammation differ between diseases. Asthmatics with a neutrophilic airway inflammation are associated with a poor response to corticosteroids, whereas asthmatics with eosinophilic inflammation respond better to corticosteroids. Biologicals targeting the Th2-eosinophil nexus such as anti-interleukin (IL)-4, anti-IL-5, and anti-IL-13 are ineffective in asthma as a whole but are more effective if patients are selected using cellular (eg, eosinophils) or molecular (eg, periostin) biomarkers. This highlights the key role of individual inflammatory mediators in driving the inflammatory response and for accurate disease phenotyping to allow greater understanding of disease and development of patient-oriented antiasthma therapies. In contrast to asthmatic patients, corticosteroids are relatively ineffective in COPD patients. Despite stratification of COPD patients, the results of targeted therapy have proved disappointing with the exception of recent studies using CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)2 antagonists. Currently, several other novel mediator-targeted drugs are undergoing clinical trials. As with asthma specifically targeted treatments may be of most benefit in specific COPD patient endotypes. The use of novel inflammatory mediator-targeted therapeutic agents in selected patients with asthma or COPD and the detection of markers of responsiveness or nonresponsiveness will allow a link between clinical phenotypes and pathophysiological mechanisms to be delineated reaching the goal of endotyping patients.
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Key Words
- ahr, airway hyperresponsiveness
- acq, asthma control questionnaire
- acos, asthma-copd overlap syndrome
- bal, bronchoalveolar lavage
- clca1, chloride channel regulator 1
- copd, chronic obstructive lung disease
- cs, corticosteroids
- cxcr, cxc chemokine receptor
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor
- fkbp51, fk506-binding protein 51
- fp, fluticasone propionate
- fev1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- feno, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide
- gr, glucocorticoid receptor
- gm-csf, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- hdacs, histone deacetylases
- hne, human neutrophil elastase
- ige, immunoglobulin e
- ics, inhaled corticosteroids
- labas, long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists
- mrna, messenger rna
- mabs, monoclonal antibodies
- pde, phosphodiesterase
- pi3k, phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- rt-qpcr, real time quantative polymerase chain reaction
- sal, salmeterol
- serpinb2, serpin peptidase inhibitor
- clade b, member 2
- sil-4r, soluble il-4 receptor
- gold, the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease
- tslp, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- torch, towards a revolution in copd health
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Durham
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo Correlate dell'Apparato Respiratorio (CEMICEF; ex Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kian F Chung
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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16
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Wu HM, Fang L, Shen QY, Liu RY. SP600125 promotes resolution of allergic airway inflammation via TLR9 in an OVA-induced murine acute asthma model. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:311-6. [PMID: 26139014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) relays extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation cascades that lead to various cell responses. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 on the resolution of airway inflammation, and the underlying mechanism using a murine acute asthma model. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with saline or ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0, and challenged with OVA on day 14-20. Meanwhile, some of the mice were treated with SP600125 (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 2 h before each challenge. The airway inflammation was evaluated by counting the numbers of various types of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathology, cytokines production and mucus secretion in individual mouse. In addition, we analyzed the protein levels of phosphorylated JNK and TLR9 in the lung tissues. RESULTS SP600125 markedly reduced the invasion of inflammatory cells into the peribronchial regions, and decreased the numbers of eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF. SP600125 also reduced the level of plasma OVA-specific IgE, lowered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and alleviated mucus secretion. Meanwhile, SP600125 inhibited OVA-induced, increased expression of p-JNK and TLR9 in the lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that SP600125 promoted resolution of allergic airway inflammation via TLR9 in an OVA-induced murine acute asthma model. The JNK-TLR9 pathway may be a new therapeutic target in the treatment for the allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Wu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Pulmonary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Pulmonary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qi-Ying Shen
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Pulmonary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Rong-Yu Liu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Pulmonary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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17
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Rayees S, Mabalirajan U, Bhat WW, Rasool S, Rather RA, Panda L, Satti NK, Lattoo SK, Ghosh B, Singh G. Therapeutic effects of R8, a semi-synthetic analogue of Vasicine, on murine model of allergic airway inflammation via STAT6 inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:246-56. [PMID: 25863236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This is a follow-up study of our previous work in which we screened a series of Vasicine analogues for their anti-inflammatory activity in a preventive OVA induced murine model of asthma. The study demonstrated that R8, one of the analogues, significantly suppressed the Th2 cytokine production and eosinophil recruitment to the airways. In the present study, we have been using two standard experimental murine models of asthma, where the mice were treated with R8 either during (preventive use) or after (therapeutic use) the development of asthma features. In the preventive model, R8 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration to the airways, OVA specific IgE and Th2 cytokine production. Also, the R8 treatment in the therapeutic model decreased methacholine induced AHR, Th2 cytokine release, serum IgE levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airways, phosphorylation of STAT6 and expression of GATA3. Moreover, R8 not only reduced goblet cell metaplasia in asthmatic mice but also reduced IL-4 induced Muc5AC gene expression in human alveolar basal epithelial cells. Further, R8 attenuated IL-4 induced differentiation of murine splenocytes into Th2 cells in vitro. So, we may deduce that R8 treatment profoundly reduced asthma features by attenuating the differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells by interfering with the binding of IL-4 to its receptor in turn decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT6 and expression of GATA3 in murine model of asthma. These preclinical findings suggest a possible therapeutic role of R8 in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Rayees
- PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu, India; School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra Jammu, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of genomics and Integrative Biology-CSIR, Delhi, India
| | - Wajid Waheed Bhat
- Biotransformation Group-Industrail Biotechnology, Scion Research, New Zealand
| | - Shafaq Rasool
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra Jammu, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad Rather
- PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Lipsa Panda
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of genomics and Integrative Biology-CSIR, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Satti
- Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Surrinder Kumar Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of genomics and Integrative Biology-CSIR, Delhi, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu, India.
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18
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Langhanki J, Rudolph K, Erkel G, Opatz T. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural product (-)-cyclonerodiol, a new inhibitor of IL-4 signaling. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9707-15. [PMID: 25350537 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi, the known cyclopentanoid sesquiterpene (-)-cyclonerodiol was identified as a specific inhibitor of the IL-4 induced STAT6 signaling pathway (IC50 = 9.7 μM) which is required for the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. As many allergic conditions, including allergic asthma and atopic diseases, are driven by an excessive Th2 response, STAT6 is a promising target for the development of new therapeutics. The compound was synthesized in six steps from (-)-linalool using an epoxide radical cyclization as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Langhanki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Mashru M, Galib R, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Prajapati PK. Effect of Sameera Pannaga Rasa (arsenomercurial formulation) in the management of Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma) - Randomized double blind clinical study. Ayu 2014; 34:346-51. [PMID: 24696570 PMCID: PMC3968694 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.127692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents a profound world-wide public health problem. The most effective anti-asthmatic drugs currently available include β2-agonists and glucocorticoids which can controls asthma in about 90-95% of patients. In Ayurveda, this miserable condition is comparable with Tamaka Shwasa type of Shwasa Roga. In the present study, 52 patients were treated with Sameera Pannaga Rasa at a dose of 30 mg twice a day for 4 weeks along with Nagavallidala (leaf of Piper betel Linn.) The results were assessed in terms of clinical recovery, symptomatic relief, pulmonary function improvement and on subjective and objective parameters. A significant improvement in subjective parameters, control on asthma, recurrence of asthma, increase in peak expiratory flow rate, considerable decrease in total and absolute, acute eosinophil count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed. Overall marked improvement was found in 33.33%, moderate improvement in 44.44% and mild improvement in 20.00% was observed. The study reveals that Sameera Pannaga Rasa can be used as an effective drug in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Mashru
- Superintendent, Government Ayurved Hospital Popatpura, Godhra, India
| | - R Galib
- Assistant Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay J Shukla
- Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - B Ravishankar
- Director, Research and Development, S.D.M. Research Center for Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
- Professor and Head, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Lee H, Kim SR, Oh Y, Cho SH, Schleimer RP, Lee YC. Targeting insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 signaling pathways. A novel therapeutic approach for asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:667-77. [PMID: 24219511 PMCID: PMC5455301 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0397tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has been recognized to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of asthma, whereas IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 blocks crucial physiologic manifestations of asthma. IGF-I enhances subepithelial fibrosis, airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia by interacting with various inflammatory mediators and complex signaling pathways, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and the hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor axis. On the other hand, IGFBP-3 decreases airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness through IGFBP-3 receptor-mediated activation of caspases, which subsequently inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. It also inhibits the IGF-I/hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor axis via IGF-I-dependent and/or IGF-I-independent mechanisms. This Translational Review summarizes the role of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the context of allergic airway disease, and discusses the therapeutic potential of various strategies targeting the IGF-I and IGFBP-3 signaling pathways for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - So Ri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy–Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy–Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Alrifai M, Marsh LM, Dicke T, Kılıç A, Conrad ML, Renz H, Garn H. Compartmental and temporal dynamics of chronic inflammation and airway remodelling in a chronic asthma mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85839. [PMID: 24465740 PMCID: PMC3897544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is associated with chronic airway inflammation and progressive airway remodelling. However, the dynamics of the development of these features and their spontaneous and pharmacological reversibility are still poorly understood. We have therefore investigated the dynamics of airway remodelling and repair in an experimental asthma model and studied how pharmacological intervention affects these processes. METHODS Using BALB/c mice, the kinetics of chronic asthma progression and resolution were characterised in absence and presence of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. Airway inflammation and remodelling was assessed by the analysis of bronchoalveolar and peribronichal inflammatory cell infiltrate, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and smooth muscle thickening. RESULTS Chronic allergen exposure resulted in early (goblet cell hyperplasia) and late remodelling (collagen deposition and smooth muscle thickening). After four weeks of allergen cessation eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition were resolved, full resolution of lymphocyte inflammation and smooth muscle thickening was only observed after eight weeks. ICS therapy when started before the full establishment of chronic asthma reduced the development of lung inflammation, decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition, but did not affect smooth muscle thickening. These effects of ICS on airway remodelling were maintained for a further four weeks even when therapy was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Utilising a chronic model of experimental asthma we have shown that repeated allergen exposure induces reversible airway remodelling and inflammation in mice. Therapeutic intervention with ICS was partially effective in inhibiting the transition from acute to chronic asthma by reducing airway inflammation and remodelling but was ineffective in preventing smooth muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrifai
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Dicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ayse Kılıç
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Conrad
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Linking GATA-3 and interleukin-13: implications in asthma. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:255-65. [PMID: 24363163 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is one of the serious global health problems and cause of huge mortality and morbidity. It is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, increased IgE levels and mucus hypersecretion. Asthma is mediated by dominant Th2 immune response, causing enhanced expression of Th2 cytokines. These cytokines are responsible for the various pathological changes associated with allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The role of Th2 cells in the pathogenesis of the asthma is primarily mediated through the cytokine IL-13, also produced by type 2 innate lymphoid cells, that comes under the transcriptional regulation of GATA3. In this review we will try to explore the link between IL-13 and GATA3 in the progression and regulation of asthma and its possible role as a therapeutic target. CONCLUSION Inhibition of GATA3 activity or blockade of GATA3 expression may attenuate the interleukin-13 mediated asthma phenotypes. So, GATA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common conditions seen in clinical practice and carries both a significant disease burden in terms of patient morbidity and a high economic burden in both direct and indirect costs. Despite this, it remains a comparatively poorly understood disease, with only modest advances in treatment over the past decade. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy. Both patient compliance with medications and physician adherence to evidence-based guidelines are often poor, and a high percentage of patients continue to have inadequately controlled disease even with optimal therapy. Following a contextual overview of the current treatment guidelines, this review focuses on novel asthma therapies, beginning with the introduction of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in the 1990s, continuing through advanced endoscopic therapy and into cytokine-directed biologic agents currently in development. Along with clinically relevant biochemistry and pharmacology, the evidence supporting the place of these therapies in current guidelines will be highlighted along with data comparing these agents with more conventional treatment. A brief discussion of other drugs, such as those developed for unrelated conditions and subsequently examined as potential asthma therapies, is included.
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Depreter F, Pilcer G, Amighi K. Inhaled proteins: Challenges and perspectives. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:251-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Singh SR, Sullo N, D'Agostino B, Brightling CE, Lambert DG. The effects of nociceptin peptide (N/OFQ)-receptor (NOP) system activation in the airways. Peptides 2013; 39:36-46. [PMID: 23123316 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The heptadecapeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. It is cleaved from a larger precursor identified as prepronociceptin (ppN/OFQ). NOP is a member of the seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. ppN/OFQ and NOP receptors are widely distributed in different human tissues. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and chronic airway inflammation. Limited therapeutic effectiveness of currently available asthma therapies warrants identification of new drug compounds. Evidence from animal studies suggests that N/OFQ modulates airway contraction and inflammation. Interestingly up regulation of the N/OFQ-NOP system reduces airway hyper-responsiveness. In contrast, inflammatory cells central to the inflammatory response in asthma may be both sources of N/OFQ and respond to NOP activation. Hence paradoxical dysregulation of the N/OFQ-NOP system may potentially play an important role in regulating airway inflammation and airway tone. To date there is no data on N/OFQ-NOP expression in the human airways. Therefore, the potential role of N/OFQ-NOP system in asthma is unknown. This review focuses on its physiological effects within airways and potential value as a novel asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra R Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group), Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
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26
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Szczypka M, Ploch S, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine production by selective and nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitors administered to mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:179-84. [PMID: 22580534 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors can modulate the functions of immune cells, including T lymphocytes, due to increased intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. The drugs (aminophylline, milrinone and sildenafil) were administered once or five times at 24 h intervals at the following doses: 20 mg/kg, i.m., 1 mg/kg, i.m. and 1 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, TNF) were determined 12, 24 or 72 h after the last administration of the drugs. A commercial BD™ Cytometric Bead Array Mouse Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit (CBA) was used to determine the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the serum. Neither of the PDE inhibitors under investigation administered once changed IFN-γ, TNF and IL-4 production. A single dose of aminophylline decreased the production of IL-2 (after 12 h). A single dose of milrinone did not affect Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion. Sildenafil administered once decreased the production of IL-2 (after 72 h). A temporary enhancement in the level of IL-5 was observed 12 h after a single dose of sildenafil. No changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokine production were observed after five doses of PDE inhibitors under investigation. These results indicate that nonstimulated lymphocytes Th1 and Th2 exhibited a slight sensitivity to aminophylline and sildenafil. The drugs under investigation were ineffective inhibitors of Th1/Th2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szczypka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Chang HH, Chen CS, Lin JY. Protective effect of dietary perilla oil on allergic inflammation in asthmatic mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tomita K, Caramori G, Ito K, Sano H, Lim S, Oates T, Cosio B, Chung KF, Tohda Y, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. STAT6 expression in T cells, alveolar macrophages and bronchial biopsies of normal and asthmatic subjects. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:5. [PMID: 22401596 PMCID: PMC3364916 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterised by increased numbers of Th2-like cells in the airways and IgE secretion. Generation of Th2 cells requires interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 acting through their specific receptors and activating the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). STAT6 knockout mice fail to produce IgE, airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia after allergen sensitisation, suggesting a critical role for STAT6 in allergic responses. Methods We have investigated the expression of STAT6 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and bronchial biopsies from 17 normal subjects and 18 mild-moderate steroid-naïve stable asthmatic patients. Results STAT6 expression was variable and was detected in T-lymphocytes, macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells from all subjects with no difference between normal and stable asthmatic subjects. Conclusions STAT6 expression in different cells suggests that it may be important in regulating the expression of not only Th2-like cytokines in T cells of man, but may also regulate STAT-inducible genes in alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sam Lim
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy Oates
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Borja Cosio
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - K Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
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Bosnjak B, Stelzmueller B, Erb KJ, Epstein MM. Treatment of allergic asthma: modulation of Th2 cells and their responses. Respir Res 2011; 12:114. [PMID: 21867534 PMCID: PMC3179723 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterised by recurrent episodes of wheezy, laboured breathing with an underlying Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory response in the airways. It is currently treated and, more or less, controlled depending on severity, with bronchodilators e.g. long-acting beta agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists or anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids (inhaled or oral), leukotriene modifiers, theophyline and anti-IgE therapy. Unfortunately, none of these treatments are curative and some asthmatic patients do not respond to intense anti-inflammatory therapies. Additionally, the use of long-term oral steroids has many undesired side effects. For this reason, novel and more effective drugs are needed. In this review, we focus on the CD4+ Th2 cells and their products as targets for the development of new drugs to add to the current armamentarium as adjuncts or as potential stand-alone treatments for allergic asthma. We argue that in early disease, the reduction or elimination of allergen-specific Th2 cells will reduce the consequences of repeated allergic inflammatory responses such as lung remodelling without causing generalised immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bosnjak
- Department of Dermatology, DIAID, Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Braun A, Tschernig T, Groneberg DA. Editorial: Experimental models of asthma. J Occup Med Toxicol 2011; 3 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 18315832 PMCID: PMC2259395 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-3-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2002, a workshop entitled “Asthma in animal models” has been held once a year in Hannover, Germany. It is organized by the Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine in collaboration with the collaborative research centre “Sonderforschungsbereich” 587, “Immune reactions of the lung in infection and allergy” (Hannover Medical School). The aim of these meetings is an intense scientific exchange between researchers and clinicians coming from academic or industrial background. Over the years the topics within the extensive field of asthma and COPD have ranged from methodological aspects to the influence of infections and environmental factors up to perspectives in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Sphingolipids are amphiphatic molecules ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cell membranes. Initially characterized as structural components of cell membranes, sphingolipids have emerged as sources of important signalling molecules over the past decade. Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate), have been demonstrated to have roles as potent bioactive messengers involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. The importance of SphK (sphingosine kinase) and S1P in inflammation has been demonstrated extensively. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in many developed nations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of new agents for the treatment of asthma, especially for patients who respond poorly to conventional therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of SphK and S1P in the development of asthma by regulating pro-inflammatory responses. These novel pathways represent exciting potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of asthma and are described in the present review.
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Walker BL, Leigh R. Use of biologicals as immunotherapy in asthma and related diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 4:743-56. [PMID: 20477124 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.6.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the immune-mediated inflammatory pathways in asthma and other allergic diseases have resulted in the development of novel biological compounds for the treatment of these conditions. These compounds offer an advantage over glucocorticosteroid therapy by specifically targeting components of the immunologic cascade, thereby allowing patients to reduce or discontinue their glucocorticosteroid treatment. Another potential advantage of biological compounds is that they may provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits, over and above those provided by glucocorticosteroid therapy, for patients who continue to have evidence of refractory asthma. The anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab is already being used for the treatment of allergic asthma and a number of other biological therapies are currently in various stages of clinical development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data from these studies and to provide a rationale for the use of these compounds in asthma and related allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie L Walker
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medicine, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Tedeschi A, Asero R. Asthma and autoimmunity: a complex but intriguing relation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 4:767-76. [PMID: 20477126 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and autoimmune diseases apparently have little to share except for the involvement of the immune system in both types of disorder. However, epidemiological studies have shown that asthma and Type 1 diabetes, a typical autoimmune disease, are associated at the population level, and some experimental findings have suggested that autoimmune mechanisms might be operating in asthma as well. Female preponderance, increased incidence of antinuclear autoantibodies and detection of autoantibodies against either bronchial epithelial antigens or endothelial antigens in patients with nonallergic asthma suggest that the disease may have an autoimmune basis. Approximately 50% of patients with nonallergic asthma react to intradermal injection of autologous serum, indicating the presence of circulating vasoactive factors and suggesting an autoreactive mechanism. Recent findings in experimental animals support the involvement of an autoreactive mechanism in allergic asthma as well, indicating that human alpha-nascent polypeptide-associated complex, identified as an IgE-reactive autoantigen, has the potential to sensitize and induce immediate skin reactions and airway inflammation. In summary, asthma is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways that can be triggered by allergen exposure or by other mechanisms, possibly autoreactive/autoimmune. The autoimmune hypothesis is further, indirectly, supported by the response to immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tedeschi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Fondazione IRCCS, Via Pace, 9, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Peters T, Henry PJ. Protease-activated receptors and prostaglandins in inflammatory lung disease. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1017-33. [PMID: 19845685 PMCID: PMC2785524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a novel family of G protein-coupled receptors. Signalling through PARs typically involves the cleavage of an extracellular region of the receptor by endogenous or exogenous proteases, which reveals a tethered ligand sequence capable of auto-activating the receptor. A considerable body of evidence has emerged over the past 20 years supporting a prominent role for PARs in a variety of human physiological and pathophysiological processes, and thus substantial attention has been directed towards developing drug-like molecules that activate or block PARs via non-proteolytic pathways. PARs are widely expressed within the respiratory tract, and their activation appears to exert significant modulatory influences on the level of bronchomotor tone, as well as on the inflammatory processes associated with a range of respiratory tract disorders. Nevertheless, there is debate as to whether the principal response to PAR activation is an augmentation or attenuation of airways inflammation. In this context, an important action of PAR activators may be to promote the generation and release of prostanoids, such as prostglandin E(2), which have well-established anti-inflammatory effects in the lung. In this review, we primarily focus on the relationship between PARs, prostaglandins and inflammatory processes in the lung, and highlight their potential role in selected respiratory tract disorders, including pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Peters
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Okamoto T, Iwata S, Ohnuma K, Dang NH, Morimoto C. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists with immunomodulating activities: potential use for modulating T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine imbalance and inflammatory responses in allergic diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:27-34. [PMID: 19659767 PMCID: PMC2710589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a first-line treatment for hypersensitivity allergic disease, histamine H1-receptor antagonists possess anti-inflammatory activity in addition to being H1-receptor antagonists. While it is not purely a histamine-related condition, hypersensitivity allergic disease is associated with an increase in the number of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 cytokines, and a decrease in the number of Th1 cells and Th1 cytokines. Suppression of Th2-type cytokine production in addition to H1-receptor blockade may therefore represent a successful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypersensitivity allergic diseases. H1-receptor antagonists have been reported to modulate immune cascade at various points by acting on T cell-related inflammatory molecules, including adhesion molecules, chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. These effects of H1-receptor antagonists may be optimized for the treatment of allergic diseases. Besides their ability to regulate inflammatory molecules, some H1-receptor antagonists have been reported to down-regulate Th2 cytokine production. In particular, it has been shown that several H1-receptor antagonists specifically inhibit the production of Th2, but not Th1, cytokines. Accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role for Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance on the development of allergic diseases. Accordingly, the use of H1-receptor antagonist with Th2 cytokine inhibitory activity to modulate Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance might be a favourable strategy for the treatment of hypersensitivity allergic diseases. Furthermore, the identification of H1-receptor antagonists which possess immunoregulatory activities in addition to their anti-histamine activity will provide an important insight into the development of novel immunoregulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okamoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Allen JE, Bischof RJ, Sucie Chang HY, Hirota JA, Hirst SJ, Inman MD, Mitzner W, Sutherland TE. Animal models of airway inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:455-65. [PMID: 19393759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease that involves chronic inflammation and subsequent decline in airway function. The widespread use of animal models has greatly contributed to our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying human allergic asthma. Animal models of allergic asthma include smaller animal models which offer 'ease of use' and availability of reagents, and larger animal models that may be used to address aspects of allergic airways disease not possible in humans or smaller animal models. This review examines the application and suitability of various animal models for studying mechanisms of airway inflammation and tissue remodelling in allergic asthma, with a specific focus on airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Ashworth Laboratory, Institute of Infection and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Press NJ, Banner KH. PDE4 inhibitors - a review of the current field. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 47:37-74. [PMID: 19328289 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Press
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 300 million people worldwide, a total that is expected to rise to about 400 million over the next 15-20 years. Most asthmatic individuals respond well to the currently available treatments of inhaled corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists; however, 5-10% have severe disease that responds poorly. Improved knowledge of asthma mechanisms has led to the recognition of different asthma phenotypes that might reflect distinct types of inflammation, explaining the effectiveness of anti-leucotrienes and the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab in some patients. However, more knowledge of the inflammatory mechanisms within the airways is required. Improvements in available therapies-such as the development of fast-onset, once-a-day combination drugs with better safety profiles-will occur. Other drugs, such as inhaled p38 MAPK inhibitors and anti-oxidants, that target specific pathways or mediators could prove useful as monotherapies, but could also, in combination with corticosteroids, reduce the corticosteroid insensitivity often seen in severe asthma. Biological agents directed against the interleukin-13 pathway and new immunoregulatory agents that modulate functions of T-regulatory and T-helper-17 cells are likely to be successful. Patient-specific treatments will depend on the development of discriminatory handprints of distinct asthma subtypes and are probably over the horizon. Although a cure is unlikely to be developed in the near future, a greater understanding of disease mechanisms could bring such a situation nearer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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