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Zhao M, Li J, Zhou S, Rao G, Xu D. Effects of tetracycline on the secondary metabolites and nutritional value of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81222-81233. [PMID: 35731441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolism, which helps a plant cope with external stress, is sensitive to environmental changes and plays a prominent role in maintaining plant health. However, few studies of the effects of tetracycline on the relationships between secondary metabolism and plant stress responses have been performed. Here, secondary metabolism, nutritional value, and oxidative stress responses in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) exposed to tetracycline for 14 days were investigated. Tetracycline inhibited growth and biomass accumulation and decreased the chlorophyll content. The sinapine, phenol, and flavonoid contents were 118.46%, 99.67%, and 93.07% higher, respectively, but the carotenoid content was 76.47% lower in plants exposed to 8 mg/L tetracycline than the control plants. Tetracycline affected the nutritional value of oilseed rape. Tetracycline decreased the dietary fiber, soluble sugar contents, and microelement (Fe, Mn, and Zn) contents. The antioxidant system also responded strongly to tetracycline. The catalase and peroxidase activities were increased and the superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by tetracycline. Tetracycline caused oxidative damage and secondary metabolite disturbances and adversely affected oilseed rape growth and quality. The results provide a new perspective on the effects of tetracycline on plants in relation to secondary metabolites and improve our understanding involved in the toxicity of tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhao
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiwei Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Rolletschek H, Mayer S, Boughton B, Wagner S, Ortleb S, Kiel C, Roessner U, Borisjuk L. The metabolic environment of the developing embryo: A multidisciplinary approach on oilseed rapeseed. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153505. [PMID: 34481359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceae seeds consist of three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, endosperm and seed coat, all of which are involved in assimilate allocation during seed development. The complexity of their metabolic interrelations remains unresolved to date. In the present study, we apply state-of-the-art imaging and analytical approaches to assess the metabolic environment of the Brassica napus embryo. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided volumetric data on the living embryo and endosperm, revealing how the endosperm envelops the embryo, determining endosperm's priority in assimilate uptake from the seed coat during early development. MRI analysis showed higher levels of sugars in the peripheral endosperm facing the seed coat, but a lower sugar content within the central vacuole and the region surrounding the embryo. Feeding intact siliques with 13C-labeled sucrose allowed tracing of the post-phloem route of sucrose transfer within the seed at the heart stage of embryogenesis, by means of mass spectrometry imaging. Quantification of over 70 organic and inorganic compounds in the endosperm revealed shifts in their abundance over different stages of development, while sugars and potassium were the main determinants of osmolality throughout these stages. Our multidisciplinary approach allows access to the hidden aspects of endosperm metabolism, a task which remains unattainable for the small-seeded model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Simon Mayer
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Berin Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Christina Kiel
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
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Fang J, Ramsay A, Renouard S, Hano C, Lamblin F, Chabbert B, Mesnard F, Schneider B. Laser Microdissection and Spatiotemporal Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase Gene Expression Assign the Cell Layer-Specific Accumulation of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside in Flaxseed Coats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1743. [PMID: 27917190 PMCID: PMC5116464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) found in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is higher than that found in any other plant. It exists in flaxseed coats as an SDG-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid oligomer complex. A laser microdissection method was applied to harvest material from different cell layers of seed coats of mature and developing flaxseed to detect the cell-layer specific localization of SDG in flaxseed; NMR and HPLC were used to identify and quantify SDG in dissected cell layers after alkaline hydrolysis. The obtained results were further confirmed by a standard molecular method. The promoter of one pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene of L. usitatissimum (LuPLR1), which is a key gene involved in SDG biosynthesis, was fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and the spatio-temporal regulation of LuPLR1 gene expression in flaxseed was determined by histochemical and activity assays of GUS. The result showed that SDG was synthesized and accumulated in the parenchymatous cell layer of the outer integument of flaxseed coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Aïna Ramsay
- EA3900 – BioPI Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, Université d’OrléansChartres, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, Université d’OrléansChartres, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, Université d’OrléansChartres, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et EnvironnementReims, France
- UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - François Mesnard
- EA3900 – BioPI Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
- *Correspondence: François Mesnard,
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Girard IJ, Mcloughlin AG, de Kievit TR, Fernando DWG, Belmonte MF. Integrating Large-Scale Data and RNA Technology to Protect Crops from Fungal Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:631. [PMID: 27303409 PMCID: PMC4885860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With a rapidly growing human population it is expected that plant science researchers and the agricultural community will need to increase food productivity using less arable land. This challenge is complicated by fungal pathogens and diseases, many of which can severely impact crop yield. Current measures to control fungal pathogens are either ineffective or have adverse effects on the agricultural enterprise. Thus, developing new strategies through research innovation to protect plants from pathogenic fungi is necessary to overcome these hurdles. RNA sequencing technologies are increasing our understanding of the underlying genes and gene regulatory networks mediating disease outcomes. The application of invigorating next generation sequencing strategies to study plant-pathogen interactions has and will provide unprecedented insight into the complex patterns of gene activity responsible for crop protection. However, questions remain about how biological processes in both the pathogen and the host are specified in space directly at the site of infection and over the infection period. The integration of cutting edge molecular and computational tools will provide plant scientists with the arsenal required to identify genes and molecules that play a role in plant protection. Large scale RNA sequence data can then be used to protect plants by targeting genes essential for pathogen viability in the production of stably transformed lines expressing RNA interference molecules, or through foliar applications of double stranded RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Girard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mark F. Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mark F. Belmonte,
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Rolletschek H, Grafahrend-Belau E, Munz E, Radchuk V, Kartäusch R, Tschiersch H, Melkus G, Schreiber F, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L. Metabolic Architecture of the Cereal Grain and Its Relevance to Maximize Carbon Use Efficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1698-713. [PMID: 26395842 PMCID: PMC4634074 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have characterized the spatial heterogeneity of the cereal grain's metabolism and demonstrated how, by integrating a distinct set of metabolic strategies, the grain has evolved to become an almost perfect entity for carbon storage. In vivo imaging revealed light-induced cycles in assimilate supply toward the ear/grain of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). In silico modeling predicted that, in the two grain storage organs (the endosperm and embryo), the light-induced shift in solute influx does cause adjustment in metabolic flux without changes in pathway utilization patterns. The enveloping, leaf-like pericarp, in contrast, shows major shifts in flux distribution (starch metabolism, photosynthesis, remobilization, and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity) allow to refix 79% of the CO2 released by the endosperm and embryo, allowing the grain to achieve an extraordinary high carbon conversion efficiency of 95%. Shading experiments demonstrated that ears are autonomously able to raise the influx of solutes in response to light, but with little effect on the steady-state levels of metabolites or transcripts or on the pattern of sugar distribution within the grain. The finding suggests the presence of a mechanism(s) able to ensure metabolic homeostasis in the face of short-term environmental fluctuation. The proposed multicomponent modeling approach is informative for predicting the metabolic effects of either an altered level of incident light or a momentary change in the supply of sucrose. It is therefore of potential value for assessing the impact of either breeding and/or biotechnological interventions aimed at increasing grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Eva Grafahrend-Belau
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Ralf Kartäusch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (H.R., E.M., V.R., H.T., L.B.);Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-University of Halle, 06120 Halle, Germany (E.G.-B.);Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (E.M., P.M.J.);Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany (R.K., P.M.J.);Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9 (G.M.); andClayton School of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Wong L, Yong P, Chen H, Zhao Z. Distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues from three herbal medicine Aconitum species using laser micro-dissection, UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:155-174. [PMID: 25172517 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aconite poisoning continues to be a major type of poisoning caused by herbal drugs in many countries. Nevertheless, despite its toxic characteristics, aconite is used because of its valuable therapeutic benefits. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues of aconite roots through chemical profiling. Three species were studied, all being used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), namely: Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum heterophyllum. Laser micro-dissection was used for isolation of target microscopic tissues, such as the metaderm, cortex, xylem, pith, and phloem, with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) employed for detection of metabolites. Using a multi-targeted approach through auto and targeted LC-MS/MS, 48 known compounds were identified and the presence of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine that are the biomarkers of this plant was confirmed in the tissues. These results suggest that the three selected toxic alkaloids were exclusively found in A. carmichaelii and A. kusnezoffii. The most toxic components were found in large A. carmichaelii roots with more lateral root projections, and specifically in the metaderm, cork and vascular bundle tissues. The results from metabolite profiling were correlated with morphological features to predict the tissue specific distribution of toxic components and toxicity differences among the selected species. By careful exclusion of tissues having toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids, the beneficial effects of aconite can still be retained and the frequency of toxicity occurrences can be greatly reduced. Knowledge of tissue-specific metabolite distribution can guide users and herbal drug manufacturers in prudent selection of relatively safer and therapeutically more effective parts of the root. The information provided from this study can contribute towards improved and effective management of therapeutically important, nonetheless, toxic drug such as Aconite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Alan Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - LaiLai Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Peng Yong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Fang J, Schneider B. Laser microdissection: a sample preparation technique for plant micrometabolic profiling. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:307-13. [PMID: 24108508 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unlike unicellular organisms, plants have evolved as complex organisms that are defined by their ability to distribute special vital functions to spatially separated organs and tissues. Current phytochemical approaches mostly ignore this fact by analysing samples that consist of different cell types and thus average the information obtained. A comprehensive metabolite analysis with high spatial resolution is essential to fully characterise the state of a certain tissue; hence, the analysis of metabolites occurring in specialised plant cells is of considerable interest in chemical ecology, plant natural product chemistry and other bioscience disciplines. Laser microdissection (LMD), including laser capture microdissection and laser microdissection and pressure catapulting, is a convenient sampling technique to harvest homogeneous cell types for the microanalysis of plant metabolites. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to provide an introduction to LMD methodology and a concise review of recent applications of LMD in the high-resolution analysis of metabolites in different plant materials. METHODS A step-by-step approach to LMD sampling techniques is described. How LMD can be used to sample cells or microscopic tissue pieces from different plant organs, such as leaves, stems, and seeds, is shown in detail. Finally, the future of LMD in plant metabolites analysis is discussed. RESULTS This review summarises studies over the past decade not only showing technical details but also indicating the wide application of this method for high-resolution plant metabolite analysis. CONCLUSION Laser microdissection is a powerful sampling technique for plant micrometabolic profiling and metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Beutenberg Campus, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Hebbar S, Schulz WD, Sauer U, Schwudke D. Laser capture microdissection coupled with on-column extraction LC-MS(n) enables lipidomics of fluorescently labeled Drosophila neurons. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5345-52. [PMID: 24820458 DOI: 10.1021/ac500276r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and fluorescence microscopy to isolate genetically labeled neurons from the Drosophila melanogaster brain. From native thin sections, regions of interest could be analyzed with a spatial resolution better than 50 μm. To exploit the specificity of LCM for lipidomics, catapulted tissue patches were directly collected on a reversed phase column and analyzed using an on-column extraction (OCE) that was directly coupled with liquid chromatography-multistage mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)). With this approach, more than 50 membrane lipids belonging to 9 classes were quantified in tissue regions equivalent to a sample amount of 50 cells. Using this method, the limit of quantitation and the extraction efficiency could be estimated enabling a reliable evaluation of acquired lipid profiles. The lipid profiles of cell body- and synapse-enriched regions of the Drosophila brain were determined and found to be distinct. We argue that this workflow represents a tremendous improvement for tissue lipidomics by integrating genetics, fluorescence microscopy, LCM and LC-MS(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Hebbar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bangalore 560065, India
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Abstract
Different plant cell types express unique transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes. Therefore, the isolation of specific cell types prior to molecular analyses is important to understand the specification, differentiation, and function of these cells. Isolation of specific plant cell types from composite organs can be achieved by laser microdissection (LMD). A wide variety of methods to fix and embed tissues prior to LMD and downstream molecular analyses have been developed for different plant species and tissues. The present review summarizes and highlights the most recently applied LMD approaches in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ludwig
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Voo SS, Lange BM. Sample preparation for single cell transcriptomics: essential oil glands in Citrus fruit peel as an example. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1153:203-212. [PMID: 24777799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0606-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many plant natural products are synthesized in specialized cells and tissues. To learn more about metabolism in these cells, they have to be studied in isolation. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of epithelial cells that surround secretory cavities in Citrus fruit peel. Cells isolated using laser microdissection are suitable for RNA isolation and downstream transcriptome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siau Sie Voo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Clark Hall, Room 341, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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Chen H, Osuna D, Colville L, Lorenzo O, Graeber K, Küster H, Leubner-Metzger G, Kranner I. Transcriptome-wide mapping of pea seed ageing reveals a pivotal role for genes related to oxidative stress and programmed cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78471. [PMID: 24205239 PMCID: PMC3812160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of seed ageing, which leads to viability loss during storage, is vital for ex situ plant conservation and agriculture alike. Yet the potential for regulation at the transcriptional level has not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the relationship between seed viability, gene expression and glutathione redox status during artificial ageing of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Transcriptome-wide analysis using microarrays was complemented with qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes and a multilevel analysis of the antioxidant glutathione. Partial degradation of DNA and RNA occurred from the onset of artificial ageing at 60% RH and 50°C, and transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination were altered prior to any sign of viability loss. After 25 days of ageing viability started to decline in conjunction with progressively oxidising cellular conditions, as indicated by a shift of the glutathione redox state towards more positive values (>-190 mV). The unravelling of the molecular basis of seed ageing revealed that transcriptome reprogramming is a key component of the ageing process, which influences the progression of programmed cell death and decline in antioxidant capacity that ultimately lead to seed viability loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Osuna
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Louise Colville
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kai Graeber
- Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Unit IV – Plant Genomics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Küster
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Unit IV – Plant Genomics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
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Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Neuberger T. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of lipid in living plants. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:465-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Verboven P, Herremans E, Borisjuk L, Helfen L, Ho QT, Tschiersch H, Fuchs J, Nicolaï BM, Rolletschek H. Void space inside the developing seed of Brassica napus and the modelling of its function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:936-947. [PMID: 23692271 PMCID: PMC3784975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The developing seed essentially relies on external oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration, but it is currently unknown how oxygen diffuses into and within the seed, which structural pathways are used and what finally limits gas exchange. By applying synchrotron X-ray computed tomography to developing oilseed rape seeds we uncovered void spaces, and analysed their three-dimensional assembly. Both the testa and the hypocotyl are well endowed with void space, but in the cotyledons, spaces were small and poorly inter-connected. In silico modelling revealed a three orders of magnitude range in oxygen diffusivity from tissue to tissue, and identified major barriers to gas exchange. The oxygen pool stored in the voids is consumed about once per minute. The function of the void space was related to the tissue-specific distribution of storage oils, storage protein and starch, as well as oxygen, water, sugars, amino acids and the level of respiratory activity, analysed using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, specific oxygen sensors, laser micro-dissection, biochemical and histological methods. We conclude that the size and inter-connectivity of void spaces are major determinants of gas exchange potential, and locally affect the respiratory activity of a developing seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Verboven
- BIOSYST- MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of LeuvenW. de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Herremans
- BIOSYST- MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of LeuvenW. de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Lukas Helfen
- IPS/ANKA, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- ESRF6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Quang Tri Ho
- BIOSYST- MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of LeuvenW. de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Bart M Nicolaï
- BIOSYST- MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of LeuvenW. de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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14
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Borisjuk L, Neuberger T, Schwender J, Heinzel N, Sunderhaus S, Fuchs J, Hay JO, Tschiersch H, Braun HP, Denolf P, Lambert B, Jakob PM, Rolletschek H. Seed architecture shapes embryo metabolism in oilseed rape. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1625-40. [PMID: 23709628 PMCID: PMC3694696 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Constrained to develop within the seed, the plant embryo must adapt its shape and size to fit the space available. Here, we demonstrate how this adjustment shapes metabolism of photosynthetic embryo. Noninvasive NMR-based imaging of the developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed illustrates that, following embryo bending, gradients in lipid concentration became established. These were correlated with the local photosynthetic electron transport rate and the accumulation of storage products. Experimentally induced changes in embryo morphology and/or light supply altered these gradients and were accompanied by alterations in both proteome and metabolome. Tissue-specific metabolic models predicted that the outer cotyledon and hypocotyl/radicle generate the bulk of plastidic reductant/ATP via photosynthesis, while the inner cotyledon, being enclosed by the outer cotyledon, is forced to grow essentially heterotrophically. Under field-relevant high-light conditions, major contribution of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase-bypass to seed storage metabolism is predicted for the outer cotyledon and the hypocotyl/radicle only. Differences between in vitro- versus in planta-grown embryos suggest that metabolic heterogeneity of embryo is not observable by in vitro approaches. We conclude that in vivo metabolic fluxes are locally regulated and connected to seed architecture, driving the embryo toward an efficient use of available light and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jörg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jordan O. Hay
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter M. Jakob
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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15
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Fuchs J, Neuberger T, Rolletschek H, Schiebold S, Nguyen TH, Borisjuk N, Börner A, Melkus G, Jakob P, Borisjuk L. A noninvasive platform for imaging and quantifying oil storage in submillimeter tobacco seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:583-93. [PMID: 23232144 PMCID: PMC3561005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While often thought of as a smoking drug, tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) is now considered as a plant of choice for molecular farming and biofuel production. Here, we describe a noninvasive means of deriving both the distribution of lipid and the microtopology of the submillimeter tobacco seed, founded on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Our platform enables counting of seeds inside the intact tobacco capsule to measure seed sizes, to model the seed interior in three dimensions, to quantify the lipid content, and to visualize lipid gradients. Hundreds of seeds can be simultaneously imaged at an isotropic resolution of 25 µm, sufficient to assess each individual seed. The relative contributions of the embryo and the endosperm to both seed size and total lipid content could be assessed. The extension of the platform to a range of wild and cultivated Nicotiana species demonstrated certain evolutionary trends in both seed topology and pattern of lipid storage. The NMR analysis of transgenic tobacco plants with seed-specific ectopic expression of the plastidial phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator, displayed a trade off between seed size and oil concentration. The NMR-based assay of seed lipid content and topology has a number of potential applications, in particular providing a means to test and optimize transgenic strategies aimed at the manipulation of seed size, seed number, and lipid content in tobacco and other species with submillimeter seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Silke Schiebold
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Thuy Ha Nguyen
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Peter Jakob
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
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16
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Bailey-Serres J. Microgenomics: genome-scale, cell-specific monitoring of multiple gene regulation tiers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 64:293-325. [PMID: 23451787 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The expression of nuclear protein-coding genes is controlled by dynamic mechanisms ranging from DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and gene transcription to mRNA maturation, turnover, and translation and the posttranslational control of protein function. A genome-scale assessment of the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression is essential for a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory networks. However, there are major obstacles to the precise evaluation of gene regulation in multicellular plant organs; these include the monitoring of regulatory processes at levels other than steady-state transcript abundance, resolution of gene regulation in individual cells or cell types, and effective assessment of transient gene activity manifested during development or in response to external cues. This review surveys the advantages and applications of microgenomics technologies that enable panoramic quantitation of cell-type-specific expression in plants, focusing on the importance of querying gene activity at multiple steps in the continuum, from histone modification to selective translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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17
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Liu Z, Rochfort S. A fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for quantification of major polar metabolites in plants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 912:8-15. [PMID: 23246845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Current liquid chromatography (LC) based methods for the analysis of polar plant metabolites require multiple runs using complex mobile phases and a combination of different columns. Here we describe a fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the determination of major polar metabolites in plants that requires only a single run using a single column. The method takes advantage of the ability to acquire both positive and negative data in an ion trap mass spectrometer (MS) and also the accurate mass capability of the orbitrap MS. The separation of polar compounds is achieved with a polar, reversed-phase column (Synergi Hydro-RP). A single analysis with a 25min runtime is able to reliably determine the level of nearly all essential amino acids, several major organic acids and several major sugars in plant materials, as exemplified by analysis of a perennial ryegrass extract. The level of detection on column was below 0.1ng (average 0.03ng) for most amino acids, below 5ng (average 2.3ng) for organics acids and below 1ng (average 0.64ng) for sugars. The levels of quantified metabolites in ryegrass varied from 22μg/g dry weight for histidine to 41mg/g dry weight for sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Department of Primary Industries, Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Fang J, Reichelt M, Hidalgo W, Agnolet S, Schneider B. Tissue-specific distribution of secondary metabolites in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). PLoS One 2012; 7:e48006. [PMID: 23133539 PMCID: PMC3485038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Four different parts, hypocotyl and radicle (HR), inner cotyledon (IC), outer cotyledon (OC), seed coat and endosperm (SE), were sampled from mature rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by laser microdissection. Subsequently, major secondary metabolites, glucosinolates and sinapine, as well as three minor ones, a cyclic spermidine conjugate and two flavonoids, representing different compound categories, were qualified and quantified in dissected samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. No qualitative and quantitative difference of glucosinolates and sinapine was detected in embryo tissues (HR, IC and OC). On the other hand, the three minor compounds were observed to be distributed unevenly in different rapeseed tissues. The hypothetic biological functions of the distribution patterns of different secondary metabolites in rapeseed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Sara Agnolet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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19
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Tissier A. Glandular trichomes: what comes after expressed sequence tags? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:51-68. [PMID: 22449043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes cover the surface of many plant species. They exhibit tremendous diversity, be it in their shape or the compounds they secrete. This diversity is expressed between species but also within species or even individual plants. The industrial uses of some trichome secretions and their potential as a defense barrier, for example against arthropod pests, has spurred research into the biosynthesis pathways that lead to these specialized metabolites. Because complete biosynthesis pathways take place in the secretory cells, the establishment of trichome-specific expressed sequence tag libraries has greatly accelerated their elucidation. Glandular trichomes also have an important metabolic capacity and may be considered as true cell factories. To fully exploit the potential of glandular trichomes as breeding or engineering objects, several research areas will have to be further investigated, such as development, patterning, metabolic fluxes and transcription regulation. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the methods and technologies which have been used to investigate glandular trichomes and to propose new avenues of research to deepen our understanding of these specialized structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Tissier
- Department of Metabolic and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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20
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Olofsson L, Lundgren A, Brodelius PE. Trichome isolation with and without fixation using laser microdissection and pressure catapulting followed by RNA amplification: expression of genes of terpene metabolism in apical and sub-apical trichome cells of Artemisia annua L. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 183:9-13. [PMID: 22195571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of fixation on plant material prior to Laser Microdissection and Pressure Catapulting (LMPC) and to identify an appropriate method for preserving good RNA quality after cell isolation. Therefore, flower buds from Artemisia annua L. were exposed to either the fixative formaldehyde or a non-fixative buffer prior to cell isolation by LMPC. Proteinase K was used after cell isolation from fixed plant tissue, in an attempt to improve the RNA yield. The ability to detect gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR with or without previous amplification of RNA from cells isolated by LMPC was also evaluated. Conclusively, we describe a new technique, without fixation, enabling complete isolation of intact glandular secretory trichomes and specific single trichome cells of A. annua. This method is based on LMPC and preserves good RNA quality for subsequent RNA expression studies of both whole trichomes, apical and sub-apical cells from trichomes of A. annua. Using this method, expression of genes of terpene metabolism was studied by real-time quantitative PCR. Expression of genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis was observed in both apical and sub-apical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Olofsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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