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Song H, Zhang J, Lou N, Jiang X, Cui Y, Liu J, Hu F, Jiao J, Pan C, Liu J, Wang Z, Shang D. Emodin nanocapsules inhibit acute pancreatitis by regulating lipid metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155763. [PMID: 38820661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emodin is a chemical compound found in traditional Chinese herbs. It possesses anti-inflammatory and many other pharmacological effects. Our previous study showed that emodin significantly alleviates the inflammation effect of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, its poor solubility, high toxicity and limited pancreas retention time hinder its clinical application. PURPOSE We aimed to prepare emodin nanocapsules with improved bioavailability to achieve the controlled release of emodin by targeting macrophages. Further, the mechanism of mannose-conjugated chitosan-coated lipid nanocapsules loaded with emodin (M-CS-E-LNC) in the treatment of SAP was explored. METHODS M-CS-E-LNC were prepared by the phase inversion method with slight modification. The expression of inflammation mediators and the anti-inflammation efficacy of M-CS-E-LNC were examined by ELISA, IHC and IF in macrophage cells and LPS-induced SAP mice. IVIS spectrum imaging and HPLC were applied to explore the controlled release of M-CS-E-LNC in the pancreas. LC-MS/MS was performed for lipidomics analysis of macrophages. Moreover, a vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) method was used to silence CTP1 gene expression in macrophage cells. RESULTS The levels of inflammatory mediators in macrophages were markedly decreased after treatment with M-CS-E-LNC. The same anti-inflammation effects were detected in SAP mouse through the analysis of serum levels of amylase, TNF-α and IL-6. Importantly, M-CS-E-LNC allowed the emodin to selectively accumulate at pancreas and gastrointestinal tissues, thus exhibiting a targeted release. Mechanistically, the M-CS-E-LNC treatment group showed up-regulated expression of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein which promoted intracellular long-chain fatty acid transport, thereby promoting the M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSION M-CS-E-LNC exhibited significantly improved bioavailability and water solubility, which translated to greater therapeutic effects on macrophage polarization. Our findings also demonstrate, for the first time, that CPT1 may be a new therapeutic target for SAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ni Lou
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jinming Liu
- The Third Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Juying Jiao
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chen Pan
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhizhou Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China; The Third Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
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Mechanism of a Herbal Formula Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in LIHC: Transcriptomics Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6084321. [PMID: 35754689 PMCID: PMC9217603 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6084321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to explore the interactions between effective monomers of herbal formulas and their therapeutic targets using systems biology approaches which may be a promising approach to unraveling their underlying mechanisms. Shentao Ruangan decoction (STRGD), which has been experimentally, clinically demonstrated to be effective in treating liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), was selected. Methods Bioactive ingredients and drug targets of STRGD were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform and BATMAN-TCM databases. LIHC-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key modules were identified by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. The Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to investigate the relationship between STRGD tumor targets and patients survival. The CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between STRGD tumor targets and infiltrating immune cells. Enrichment analysis was used to analyze biological functions. Interactions between STRGD compounds and LIHC-immune-related genes were investigated using molecular docking and MDS. Results We identified 24 STRGD tumor targets, which were found to be correlated with survival and the level of immune cell infiltration in LIHC patients. Immune infiltration, gene set enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses highlighted the roles of T and B cell subsets, which were both related to activator protein 1 (AP1), in STRGD action. Docking studies and HPLC indicated that tanshinone IIA is the main compound of STRGD in LIHC treatment, and MDS showed that the potential LIHC-immune-related targets 1FOS and 1JUN firmly bind to tanshinone IIA. Conclusions The mechanisms of STRGD in improving the immune and survival status of LIHC patients include interactions between STRGD compounds and LIHC-immune-related targets. The findings of this study can guide research studies on the potential usefulness of tanshinone IIA in the development of drugs targeting 1JUN and 1FOS for the treatment of LIHC.
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Kolesarova A, Baldovska S, Roychoudhury S. The Multiple Actions of Amygdalin on Cellular Processes with an Emphasis on Female Reproduction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:881. [PMID: 34577581 PMCID: PMC8468697 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the provenance and properties, metabolism and toxicity, mechanism of action, physiological, and therapeutic roles of amygdalin-a molecule present in the seeds of apricot and other plants-with an emphasis on the action of amygdalin on reproductive processes, particularly in the female. Amygdalin influences physiological processes including female reproduction at various regulatory levels via extra- and intracellular signaling pathways regulating secretory activity, cell viability, steroidogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, while being metabolized in the body, amygdalin releases significant amounts of cyanide, which may lead to acute health hazard in those individuals who may be at risk. Despite some contradictions in the available data about benefits and toxic effects of amygdalin, its potential applicability at low doses may present a promising tool for regulation of various reproductive and other physiological processes including disease management primarily in cancer phytotherapy, animal production, medicine, and biotechnology. However, further research involving carefully designed dose-response studies is required to overcome the possible side effects of amygdalin and assure its safety as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Simona Baldovska
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082253. [PMID: 33924691 PMCID: PMC8069783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdalin (d-Mandelonitrile 6-O-β-d-glucosido-β-d-glucoside) is a natural cyanogenic glycoside occurring in the seeds of some edible plants, such as bitter almonds and peaches. It is a medically interesting but controversial compound as it has anticancer activity on one hand and can be toxic via enzymatic degradation and production of hydrogen cyanide on the other hand. Despite numerous contributions on cancer cell lines, the clinical evidence for the anticancer activity of amygdalin is not fully confirmed. Moreover, high dose exposures to amygdalin can produce cyanide toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the sources, toxicity and anticancer properties of amygdalin, and analytical methods for its determination in plant seeds.
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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Omelka R, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Grosskopf B, Kolesarova A, Martiniakova M. Cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin influences functions of human osteoblasts in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:109-116. [PMID: 33504261 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1852054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amygdalin has been promoted as an alternative cancer cure. However, it is still unclear how this cyanogenic glycoside affects non-cancer cells including bone cells. This study first investigated the impact of amygdalin on viability, morphology and expression of important genes in human osteoblasts in vitro. Primary human osteoblast cultures were exposed to amygdalin at concentrations 0; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg/mL in growth medium for 72 h. Cell viability, osteoblasts morphology and expression of 10 genes associated with osteoblast-specific pathways, oxidative stress and cell death were determined. Osteoblasts viability was significantly decreased (-27.26%) and their size was reduced (-23.20%) at the highest concentration of amygdalin (10 mg/mL). This concentration of amygdalin down-regulated the expression of COL1A1 and ALPL genes, whereas the expression of BGLAP, TNFSF11 and WNT5A genes was increased. The osteoblast cultivation with 0.1 mg/mL amygdalin caused down-regulation of COL1A1 gene. No changes in expression were determined for RUNX2, BAX, CASP1, SOD1 and GPX1 genes among all tested concentrations of amygdalin. In conclusion, amygdalin in a high concentration negatively affected mineralization of extracellular matrix, increased bone resorption and decreased osteoblast viability. These changes were accompanied by modified expression profiles of responsible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Birgit Grosskopf
- Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University in Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Zhai Y, Gao J, Chen B, Shi J, Wang L, He X, Sun D, Chen H, Hou H, Song X, Zhao J. Design and Application of a Telemedicine System Jointly Driven by Videoconferencing and Data Exchange: Practical Experience from Henan Province, China. Telemed J E Health 2019; 26:89-100. [PMID: 31050599 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are a few problems restraining the effective operation of telemedicine in China. On the basis of practices of the Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China (HTCC), the purpose of this study was to design a telemedicine system jointly driven by videoconferencing and data exchange to address the issues limiting the further development and implementation of telemedicine. Methods: Based on service-oriented architecture, the organizational design of the telemedicine system was gradually refined from top to bottom to complete its hierarchical layout. Technologies including multiprotocol stack adaptation, self-adaptive multilink network transmission, information exchange of heterogeneous medical systems, and open application system architecture were also used to construct the system. Results: The telemedicine system realizes the integration of videoconferencing, data acquisition and exchange of heterogeneous medical information systems, and the actual applications and expansion of telemedicine services. The HTCC currently covers more than 500 telemedicine centers, workstations, and service points, forming a five-level "province-city-county-township-village" telemedicine network linkage. The HTCC handles nearly 30,000 teleconsultation cases per year, helping patients save about ¥120 million Chinese Yuan RMB (approximately US $17.5 million). Conclusions: The proposed telemedicine system achieves satisfactory operation effects, along with social and economic benefits. It has the potential to increase the coverage of medical resources in remote regions, and it can play a role in solving other problems facing telemedicine development in China. The findings also inform measures for further improvement in telemedicine's implementation effects, service quality, and application scope in China and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province for Internet Medical E-commerce and Active Health Services, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baozhan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianying He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Hou
- Management Engineering School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Telemedicine Center of China, National Telemedicine Center of China, Zhengzhou, China
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Weng SW, Chen TL, Yeh CC, Lane HL, Liao CC, Shih CC. The effects of Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang on post-stroke epilepsy: a nationwide matched study. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:1839-1850. [PMID: 30573993 PMCID: PMC6292405 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s175677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term risk of epilepsy in stroke patients who use Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang (BYHWT) and those who do not. METHODS In the Taiwanese national insurance claims data, we identified newly diagnosed stroke patients receiving inpatient care in the years 2000-2004. Using propensity score-matched pairs to balance the baseline characteristics, we selected eligible stroke patients who did (n=8,971) and did not (n=8,971) receive BYHWT. These two groups were followed up until the end of 2009 to track the occurrence of epilepsy. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for post-stroke epilepsy during the follow-up period according to BYHWT use. RESULTS Compared with the control group, stroke patients with BYHWT had a reduced risk of epilepsy during the 5-9 years of the follow-up period (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61-0.77). The association between BYHWT and reduced post-stroke epilepsy was significant in various subgroups of stroke patients. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of epilepsy with increasing quantities of BYHWT use from 1 package (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.90) to ≥6 packages (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.42-0.65). CONCLUSION Stroke patients who received BYHWT therapy had a reduced long-term risk of epilepsy, and the beneficial effect could be observed in various subgroups. However, future clinical trials will be necessary to corroborate the present findings and identify the biochemical mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Weng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsin-Long Lane
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Chien-Chang Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Shih
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
- Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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Luo D, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Rong J. Natural product celastrol suppressed macrophage M1 polarization against inflammation in diet-induced obese mice via regulating Nrf2/HO-1, MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2069-2082. [PMID: 29040966 PMCID: PMC5680556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is implicated in the inflammation in obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory activities of botanical triterpene celastrol against diet-induced obesity. We treated diet-induced obese C57BL/6N male mice with celastrol (5, 7.5 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks, and investigated macrophage M1/M2 polarization in adipose and hepatic tissues. Celastrol reduced fat accumulation and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Celastrol down-regulated the mRNA levels of macrophage M1 biomarkers (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS) in cell culture and in mice. The underlying mechanisms were investigated in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated that celastrol might control macrophage polarization through modulating the cross-talk between the following three mechanisms: 1) suppressing LPS-induced activation of MAP kinases (e.g., ERK1/2, p38, JNK) in a concentration dependent manner; 2) attenuating LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in a time dependent manner; 3) activating Nrf2 and subsequently inducing HO-1 expression. HO-1 inhibitor SnPP diminished the inhibitory effects of celastrol on the activation of NF-κB pathway and the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Taken together, celastrol exhibited anti-obesity effects via suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Thus, our results provide new evidence for the potential of celastrol in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Liczbiński P, Bukowska B. Molecular mechanism of amygdalin action in vitro: review of the latest research. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:212-218. [PMID: 29486614 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1441301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amygdalin, named as 'laetrile' and 'vitamin B-17' was initially supposed to be a safe drug for cancer treatment and was recognized by followers of natural medicine since it has been considered to be hydrolyzed only in cancer cells releasing toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and thus destroying them. Unfortunately, current studies have shown that HCN is also released in normal cells, therefore it may not be safe for human organism. However, there have still been research works conducted on anti-cancer properties of this compound. In vitro experiments have shown induction of apoptosis by amygdalin as a result of increased expression of Bax protein and caspase-3 and reduced expression of antiapoptotic BcL-2protein. Amygdalin has also been shown to inhibit the adhesion of breast cancer cells, lung cancer cells and bladder cancer cells by decreased expression of integrin's, reduction of catenin levels and inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway, which may consequently lead to inhibition of metastases of cancer cells. It has also been revealed that amygdalin in renal cancer cells increased expression of p19 protein resulting in inhibition of cell transfer from G1-phase to S-phase, and thus inhibited cell proliferation. Other studies have indicated that amygdalin inhibits NF-kβ and NLRP3 signaling pathways, and consequently has anti-inflammatory effect due to reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β. Moreover, the effect of amygdalin on TGFβ/CTGF pathway, anti-fibrous activity and expression of follistatin resulting in activation of muscle cells growth has been reported. This compound might be applicable in the treatment of various cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Liczbiński
- a Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- a Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Luo D, Zhao J, Rong J. Plant-derived triterpene celastrol ameliorates oxygen glucose deprivation-induced disruption of endothelial barrier assembly via inducing tight junction proteins. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1621-1628. [PMID: 27823626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity and functions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) are regulated by the expression and organization of tight junction proteins. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore whether plant-derived triterpenoid celastrol could regulate tight junction integrity in murine brain endothelial bEnd3 cells. METHODS We disrupted the tight junctions between endothelial bEnd3 cells by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). We investigated the effects of celastrol on the permeability of endothelial monolayers by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). To clarify the tight junction composition, we analyzed the expression of tight junction proteins by RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques. RESULTS We found that celastrol recovered OGD-induced TEER loss in a concentration-dependent manner. Celastrol induced occludin, claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in endothelial cells. As a result, celastrol effectively maintained tight junction integrity and inhibited macrophage migration through endothelial monolayers against OGD challenge. Further mechanistic studies revealed that celastrol induced the expression of occludin and ZO-1) via activating MAPKs and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. We also observed that celastrol regulated claudin-5 expression through different mechanisms. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that celastrol effectively protected tight junction integrity against OGD-induced damage. Thus, celastrol could be a drug candidate for the treatment of BBB dysfunction in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Kováčová V, Omelka R, Šarocká A, Šranko P, Adamkovičová M, Toman R, Halenár M, Kolesárová A, Martiniaková M. Histological analysis of femoral bones in rabbits administered by amygdalin. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides are present in several economically important plant foods. Amygdalin, one of the most common cyanoglucoside, can be found abundantly in the seeds of apples, bitter almonds, apricots, peaches, various beans, cereals, cassava and sorghum. Amygdalin has been used for the treatment of cancer, it shows killing effects on cancer cells by release of cyanide. However, its effect on bone structure has not been investigated to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine a possible effect of amygdalin application on femoral bone microstructure in adult rabbits. Four month old rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of three animals each. Rabbits from E group received amygdalin intramuscularly at a dose 0.6 mg.kg-1 body weight (bw) (group E, n = 3) one time per day during 28 days. The second group of rabbits without amygdalin supplementation served as a control (group C, n = 3). After 28 days, histological structure of femoral bones in both groups of rabbits was analysed and compared. Rabbits from E group displayed different microstructure in middle part of the compact bone and near endosteal bone surface. For endosteal border, an absence of the primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was typical. This part of the bone was formed by irregular Haversian and/or by dense Haversian bone tissues. In the middle part of substantia compacta, primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was observed. Cortical bone thickness did not change between rabbits from E and C groups. However, rabbits from E group had a significantly lower values of primary osteons' vascular canals and secondary osteons as compared to the C group. On the other hand, all measured parameters of Haversian canals did not differ between rabbits from both groups. Our results demonstrate that intramuscular application of amygdalin at the dose used in our study affects femoral bone microstructure in rabbits.
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Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Induce Bladder Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Akt Signaling Pathway through Downregulating miR-155 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9174903. [PMID: 26989427 PMCID: PMC4773537 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9174903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly used to treat cancer. Our clinical experiences identify Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata as the most common herb-pair (couplet medicinal) used for the core treatment of bladder cancer. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effect of the herb-pair in bladder cancer cells. The results show that Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata inhibited bladder cancer cell growth and clone formation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It also induced cell apoptosis through decreasing Akt activation and reducing the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Further experiments showed that miR-155 was reduced by the herb-pair and miRNA-155 inhibitor induced cell apoptosis and suppressed Akt activation. Overexpression of miR-155 reversed herb-pair induced cell apoptosis through activating Akt pathway in both bladder cancer cell lines. The findings reveal that Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata reduce Akt activation through reducing miR-155 expression, resulting in cell apoptosis. It demonstrated the potential mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata for the core treatment of bladder cancer.
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Lee MH, Shon YS, Yoon KS. A Fast and Efficient UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Detection, Identification, and Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Substances in Medicinal Herbal Extracts of Preventing Hair Loss. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science; Daejeon Health Science College; Daejeon 300-711 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California State University; Long Beach CA 90840 USA
| | - Kyung-Sup Yoon
- R&D Center; Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd.; Chungbuk 363-883 Republic of Korea
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Zheng L, Fang L, Cong H, Xiang T, Xue M, Yao Z, Wu B, Lin W. Identification of chemical constituents and rat metabolites of Kangxianling granule by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1750-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd; Taizhou 225321 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group; Shanghai 201318 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxiang Fang
- Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group; Shanghai 201318 People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Cong
- Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group; Shanghai 201318 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd; Taizhou 225321 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xue
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd; Taizhou 225321 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqing Yao
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd; Taizhou 225321 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd; Taizhou 225321 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group; Shanghai 201318 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Lin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 People's Republic of China
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Qian L, Xie B, Wang Y, Qian J. Amygdalin-mediated inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5363-5370. [PMID: 26191238 PMCID: PMC4503109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor claiming the highest fatality worldwide for a long period of time. Unfortunately, most of the current treatment methods are still based on the characteristics of cancer cells in the primary lesion and the prognosis is often much poorer in patients with metastatic cancers. Amygdalin, a natural product of glycosides and lots of evidence shows that amygdalin can inhibit the proliferation of some kinds of cancer cells. In this study, we first obtained the highly metastatic NSCLC cell lines H1299/M and PA/M and further treated these cells with amygdalin. We found that the in vitro proliferability of H1299/M and PA/M was inhibited, but such inhibition required higher concentration of amygdalin. When lower concentration of amygdalin was used for the experiments, we observed that the in vitro invasive and migration capacities of H1299/M and PA/M were significantly inhibited. These results strongly suggested that amygdalin was likely to have anti-metastatic NSCLC effect. This study offers information of the role of amygdalin that may be useful as a therapeutic target in lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Qian
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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