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Ferreira DT, Shen BQ, Mwirigi JM, Shiers S, Sankaranarayanan I, Kotamarti M, Inturi NN, Mazhar K, Ubogu EE, Thomas G, Lalli T, Wukich D, Price TJ. Deciphering the molecular landscape of human peripheral nerves: implications for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.15.599167. [PMID: 38915676 PMCID: PMC11195245 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.15.599167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus that is caused by metabolic toxicity to peripheral axons. We aimed to gain deep mechanistic insight into the disease process using bulk and spatial RNA sequencing on tibial and sural nerves recovered from lower leg amputations in a mostly diabetic population. First, our approach comparing mixed sensory and motor tibial and purely sensory sural nerves shows key pathway differences in affected nerves, with distinct immunological features observed in sural nerves. Second, spatial transcriptomics analysis of sural nerves reveals substantial shifts in endothelial and immune cell types associated with severe axonal loss. We also find clear evidence of neuronal gene transcript changes, like PRPH, in nerves with axonal loss suggesting perturbed RNA transport into distal sensory axons. This motivated further investigation into neuronal mRNA localization in peripheral nerve axons generating clear evidence of robust localization of mRNAs such as SCN9A and TRPV1 in human sensory axons. Our work gives new insight into the altered cellular and transcriptomic profiles in human nerves in DPN and highlights the importance of sensory axon mRNA transport as an unappreciated potential contributor to peripheral nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tavares Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Breanna Q Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Juliet M Mwirigi
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Miriam Kotamarti
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil N Inturi
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Khadijah Mazhar
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Geneva Thomas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Trapper Lalli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dane Wukich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies; University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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2
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Nheu D, Petratos S. How does Nogo-A signalling influence mitochondrial function during multiple sclerosis pathogenesis? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105767. [PMID: 38885889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe neurological disorder that involves inflammation in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve with key disabling neuropathological outcomes being axonal damage and demyelination. When degeneration of the axo-glial union occurs, a consequence of inflammatory damage to central nervous system (CNS) myelin, dystrophy and death can lead to large membranous structures from dead oligodendrocytes and degenerative myelin deposited in the extracellular milieu. For the first time, this review covers mitochondrial mechanisms that may be operative during MS-related neurodegenerative changes directly activated during accumulating extracellular deposits of myelin associated inhibitory factors (MAIFs), that include the potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, Nogo-A. Axonal damage may occur when Nogo-A binds to and signals through its cognate receptor, NgR1, a multimeric complex, to initially stall axonal transport and limit the delivery of important growth-dependent cargo and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria for metabolic efficiency at sites of axo-glial disintegration as a consequence of inflammation. Metabolic efficiency in axons fails during active demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, preceded by stalled transport of functional mitochondria to fuel axo-glial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia.
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3
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Doser RL, Knight KM, Deihl EW, Hoerndli FJ. Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses. eLife 2024; 13:e92376. [PMID: 38483244 PMCID: PMC10990490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of mitochondrial signaling in the nervous system has been limited by the technical challenge of analyzing mitochondrial function in vivo. In the transparent genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, we were able to manipulate and measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) signaling of individual mitochondria as well as neuronal activity of single neurons in vivo. Using this approach, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for mitoROS signaling in dendrites of excitatory glutamatergic C. elegans interneurons. Specifically, we show that following neuronal activity, dendritic mitochondria take up calcium (Ca2+) via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU-1) that results in an upregulation of mitoROS production. We also observed that mitochondria are positioned in close proximity to synaptic clusters of GLR-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors that mediate neuronal excitation. We show that synaptic recruitment of GLR-1 is upregulated when MCU-1 function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired but is downregulated by mitoROS signaling. Thus, signaling from postsynaptic mitochondria may regulate excitatory synapse function to maintain neuronal homeostasis by preventing excitotoxicity and energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Kaz M Knight
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Ennis W Deihl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
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4
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Barber S, Gomez-Godinez V, Young J, Wei A, Chen S, Snissarenko A, Chan SS, Wu C, Shi L. Impacts of H 2O 2, SARM1 inhibition, and high NAm concentrations on Huntington's disease laser-induced degeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300370. [PMID: 38185916 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a key component of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nicotinamide, an NAD+ precursor, has long since been implicated in axonal protection and reduction of degeneration. However, studies on nicotinamide (NAm) supplementation in humans indicate that NAm has no protective effect. Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) regulates several cell responses to axonal damage and has been implicated in promoting neuronal degeneration. SARM1 inhibition seems to result in protection from neuronal degeneration while hydrogen peroxide has been implicated in oxidative stress and axonal degeneration. The effects of laser-induced axonal damage in wild-type and HD dorsal root ganglion cells treated with NAm, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and SARM1 inhibitor DSRM-3716 were investigated and the cell body width, axon width, axonal strength, and axon shrinkage post laser-induced injury were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Barber
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joy Young
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abigail Wei
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Chen
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna Snissarenko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sze Sze Chan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Shi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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5
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Castillo G, Fustamante L, Delgado-Kamiche AD, Camen-Orozco RP, Clark T, Bernal E, Morales-Alvarez J, Ferrufino M, Mamani-Palomino J, Bustos JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Verastegui M. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic effects in neurocysticercosis. Brain Pathol 2024:e13237. [PMID: 38212958 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being a leading cause of acquired seizures in endemic regions, the pathological mechanisms of neurocysticercosis are still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of anthelmintic treatment on neuropathological features in a rat model of neurocysticercosis. Rats were intracranially infected with Taenia solium oncospheres and treated with albendazole + praziquantel (ABZ), oxfendazole + praziquantel (OXF), or untreated placebo (UT) for 7 days. Following the last dose of treatment, brain tissues were evaluated at 24 h and 2 months. We performed neuropathological assessment for cyst damage, perilesional brain inflammation, presence of axonal spheroids, and spongy changes. Both treatments showed comparable efficacy in cyst damage and inflammation. The presence of spongy change correlated with spheroids counts and were not affected by anthelmintic treatment. Compared to white matter, gray matter showed greater spongy change (91.7% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.0001), higher spheroids count (45.2 vs. 0.2, p = 0.0001), and increased inflammation (72.0% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.003). In this rat model, anthelmintic treatment destroyed brain parasitic cysts at the cost of local inflammation similar to what is described in human neurocysticercosis. Axonal spheroids and spongy changes as markers of damage were topographically correlated, and not affected by anthelmintic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Castillo
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lizbeth Fustamante
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana D Delgado-Kamiche
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rogger P Camen-Orozco
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Taryn Clark
- The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, New York, United States
| | - Edson Bernal
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jemima Morales-Alvarez
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Ferrufino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Mamani-Palomino
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Salud animal, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Javier A Bustos
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar M Gavidia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Benéfica Prisma, Lima, Peru
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6
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Ludwig R, Malla B, Höhrhan M, Infante-Duarte C, Anderhalten L. Investigating the Mitoprotective Effects of S1P Receptor Modulators Ex Vivo Using a Novel Semi-Automated Live Imaging Set-Up. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:261. [PMID: 38203434 PMCID: PMC10778583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), mitochondrial alterations appear to contribute to disease progression. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator siponimod is approved for treating secondary progressive MS. Its preceding compound fingolimod was shown to prevent oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Here, we assessed the effects of siponimod, compared to fingolimod, on neuronal mitochondria in oxidatively stressed hippocampal slices. We have also advanced the model of chronic organotypic hippocampal slices for live imaging, enabling semi-automated monitoring of mitochondrial alterations. The slices were prepared from B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-CFP/COX8A)S2Lich/J mice that display fluorescent neuronal mitochondria. They were treated with hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress paradigm) ± 1 nM siponimod or fingolimod for 24 h. Afterwards, mitochondrial dynamics were investigated. Under oxidative stress, the fraction of motile mitochondria decreased and mitochondria were shorter, smaller, and covered smaller distances. Siponimod partly prevented oxidatively induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology; for fingolimod, a similar trend was observed. Siponimod reduced the decrease in mitochondrial track displacement, while both compounds significantly increased track speed and preserved motility. The novel established imaging and analysis tools are suitable for assessing the dynamics of neuronal mitochondria ex vivo. Using these approaches, we showed that siponimod at 1 nM partially prevented oxidatively induced mitochondrial alterations in chronic brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ludwig
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bimala Malla
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Höhrhan
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Anderhalten
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Liu Y, Hu S, Shi B, Yu B, Luo W, Peng S, Du X. The Role of Iron Metabolism in Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy: a Potential Target. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03870-2. [PMID: 38110647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute cerebral dysfunction secondary to infection, and the severity can range from mild delirium to deep coma. Disorders of iron metabolism have been proven to play an important role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing cell damage through iron accumulation in glial cells and neurons. Recent studies have found that iron accumulation is also a potential mechanism of SAE. Systemic inflammation can induce changes in the expression of transporters and receptors on cells, especially high expression of divalent metal transporter1 (DMT1) and low expression of ferroportin (Fpn) 1, which leads to iron accumulation in cells. Excessive free Fe2+ can participate in the Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to directly damage cells or induce ferroptosis. As a result, it may be of great help to improve SAE by treatment of targeting disorders of iron metabolism. Therefore, it is important to review the current research progress on the mechanism of SAE based on iron metabolism disorders. In addition, we also briefly describe the current status of SAE and iron metabolism disorders and emphasize the therapeutic prospect of targeting iron accumulation as a treatment for SAE, especially iron chelator. Moreover, drug delivery and side effects can be improved with the development of nanotechnology. This work suggests that treating SAE based on disorders of iron metabolism will be a thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bodong Yu
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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8
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Dan L, Zhang Z. Alzheimer's disease: an axonal injury disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1264448. [PMID: 37927337 PMCID: PMC10620718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1264448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is anticipated to impose a substantial economic burden in the future. Over a significant period, the widely accepted amyloid cascade hypothesis has guided research efforts, and the recent FDA approval of an anti- amyloid-beta (Aβ) protofibrils antibody, believed to decelerate AD progression, has further solidified its significance. However, the excessive emphasis placed on the amyloid cascade hypothesis has overshadowed the physiological nature of Aβ and tau proteins within axons. Axons, specialized neuronal structures, sustain damage during the early stages of AD, exerting a pivotal influence on disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the relationship between axonal damage and AD pathology, amalgamating the physiological roles of Aβ and tau proteins, along with the impact of AD risk genes such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, we underscore the exceptional significance of axonal damage in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Patel TA, Kevadiya BD, Bajwa N, Singh PA, Zheng H, Kirabo A, Li YL, Patel KP. Role of Nanoparticle-Conjugates and Nanotheranostics in Abrogating Oxidative Stress and Ameliorating Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1877. [PMID: 37891956 PMCID: PMC10604131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a deteriorating condition that arises due to an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system or defense of the body. The key reasons for the development of such conditions are malfunctioning of various cell organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex, as well as physical and mental disturbances. The nervous system has a relatively high utilization of oxygen, thus making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which eventually leads to neuronal atrophy and death. This advances the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration-associated disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, dementia, and other memory disorders. It is imperative to treat such conditions as early as possible before they worsen and progress to irreversible damage. Oxidative damage can be negated by two mechanisms: improving the cellular defense system or providing exogenous antioxidants. Natural antioxidants can normally handle such oxidative stress, but they have limited efficacy. The valuable features of nanoparticles and/or nanomaterials, in combination with antioxidant features, offer innovative nanotheranostic tools as potential therapeutic modalities. Hence, this review aims to represent novel therapeutic approaches like utilizing nanoparticles with antioxidant properties and nanotheranostics as delivery systems for potential therapeutic applications in various neuroinflammation- and neurodegeneration-associated disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; (N.B.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; (N.B.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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10
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Zaninello M, Bean C. Highly Specialized Mechanisms for Mitochondrial Transport in Neurons: From Intracellular Mobility to Intercellular Transfer of Mitochondria. Biomolecules 2023; 13:938. [PMID: 37371518 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly specialized structure and function of neurons depend on a sophisticated organization of the cytoskeleton, which supports a similarly sophisticated system to traffic organelles and cargo vesicles. Mitochondria sustain crucial functions by providing energy and buffering calcium where it is needed. Accordingly, the distribution of mitochondria is not even in neurons and is regulated by a dynamic balance between active transport and stable docking events. This system is finely tuned to respond to changes in environmental conditions and neuronal activity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which mitochondria are selectively transported in different compartments, taking into account the structure of the cytoskeleton, the molecular motors and the metabolism of neurons. Remarkably, the motor proteins driving the mitochondrial transport in axons have been shown to also mediate their transfer between cells. This so-named intercellular transport of mitochondria is opening new exciting perspectives in the treatment of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaninello
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Camilla Bean
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Xue Y, Gan B, Zhou Y, Wang T, Zhu T, Peng X, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Advances in the Mechanistic Study of the Control of Oxidative Stress Injury by Modulating HDAC6 Activity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:127-139. [PMID: 36749475 PMCID: PMC9925596 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an injury resulting from a disturbance in the dynamic equilibrium of the redox environment due to the overproduction of active/radical oxygen exceeding the antioxidative ability of the body. This is a key step in the development of various diseases. Oxidative stress is modulated by different factors and events, including the modification of histones, which are the cores of nucleosomes. Histone modification includes acetylation and deacetylation of certain amino acid residues; this process is catalyzed by different enzymes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique deacetylating protease that also catalyzes the deacetylation of different nonhistone substrates to regulate various physiologic processes. The intimate relationship between HDAC6 and oxidative stress has been demonstrated by different studies. The present paper aims to summarize the data obtained from a mechanistic study of HDAC6 and oxidative stress to guide further investigations on mechanistic characterization and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanye Xue
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Bing Gan
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Fo Shan, 528000 Guangdong China
| | - Yanxing Zhou
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Tong Zhu
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China. .,Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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12
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Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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13
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Freudenblum J, Meyer D, Kimmel RA. Mitochondrial network expansion and dynamic redistribution during islet morphogenesis in zebrafish larvae. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:262-275. [PMID: 36217213 PMCID: PMC10092693 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, organelles critical for energy production, modify their shape and location in response to developmental state and metabolic demands. Mitochondria are altered in diabetes, but the mechanistic basis is poorly defined, due to difficulties in assessing mitochondria within an intact organism. Here, we use in vivo imaging in transparent zebrafish larvae to demonstrate filamentous, interconnected mitochondrial networks within islet cells. Mitochondrial movements highly resemble what has been reported for human islet cells in vitro, showing conservation in behaviour across species and cellular context. During islet development, mitochondrial content increases with emergence of cell motility, and mitochondria disperse within fine protrusions. Overall, this work presents quantitative analysis of mitochondria within their native environment and provides insights into mitochondrial behaviour during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBIUniversity of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Robin A. Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBIUniversity of InnsbruckAustria
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14
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Huang YL, Zhang JN, Hou TZ, Gu L, Yang HM, Zhang H. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling attenuates axonal degeneration in models of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105389. [PMID: 35809720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no treatments to delay or prevent Parkinson's disease (PD), and protective treatments require early administration. Targeting axonal degeneration in early PD could have an important clinical effect; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling axonal degeneration in PD are not fully understood. Here, we studied the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in axonal degeneration induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or overexpression of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in vitro and in vivo. We found that the levels of both β-catenin and p-S9-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) increased and the levels of phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin) decreased during 6-OHDA-induced axonal degeneration and that the inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway IWR-1 and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) attenuated the degenerative process in primary neurons in vitro. Furthermore, IWR-1 enhanced the increase of LC3-II levels and the decrease of p62 triggered by 6-OHDA treatment, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) alleviated the protective effect of IWR-1 on axons in vitro. Consistent with the in vitro findings, both β-catenin and p-S9-GSK-3β were upregulated in a 6-OHDA-induced rat PD model, and blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with DKK-1 attenuated the degeneration of dopaminergic axons at an early time point in vivo. The protective effect of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was further confirmed in an α-Syn overexpression-induced animal models of PD. Taken together, these data indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved axonal degeneration in PD, and suggest that Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors have the therapeutic potential for the prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Tian-Zhong Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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15
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Pekkurnaz G, Wang X. Mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis through the lens of a neuron. Nat Metab 2022; 4:802-812. [PMID: 35817853 PMCID: PMC11151822 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with distinct morphological features and functional properties. The dynamic network of mitochondria undergoes structural and functional adaptations in response to cell-type-specific metabolic demands. Even within the same cell, mitochondria can display wide diversity and separate into functionally distinct subpopulations. Mitochondrial heterogeneity supports unique subcellular functions and is crucial to polarized cells, such as neurons. The spatiotemporal metabolic burden within the complex shape of a neuron requires precisely localized mitochondria. By travelling great lengths throughout neurons and experiencing bouts of immobility, mitochondria meet distant local fuel demands. Understanding mitochondrial heterogeneity and homeostasis mechanisms in neurons provides a framework to probe their significance to many other cell types. Here, we put forth an outline of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in regulating neuronal physiology and cellular functions more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Cheng XT, Huang N, Sheng ZH. Programming axonal mitochondrial maintenance and bioenergetics in neurodegeneration and regeneration. Neuron 2022; 110:1899-1923. [PMID: 35429433 PMCID: PMC9233091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate ATP essential for neuronal growth, function, and regeneration. Due to their polarized structures, neurons face exceptional challenges to deliver mitochondria to and maintain energy homeostasis throughout long axons and terminal branches where energy is in high demand. Chronic mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by bioenergetic failure is a pathological hallmark of major neurodegenerative diseases. Brain injury triggers acute mitochondrial damage and a local energy crisis that accelerates neuron death. Thus, mitochondrial maintenance defects and axonal energy deficits emerge as central problems in neurodegenerative disorders and brain injury. Recent studies have started to uncover the intrinsic mechanisms that neurons adopt to maintain (or reprogram) axonal mitochondrial density and integrity, and their bioenergetic capacity, upon sensing energy stress. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how neurons maintain a healthy pool of axonal mitochondria, as well as potential therapeutic strategies that target bioenergetic restoration to power neuronal survival, function, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tang Cheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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17
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Preventing Axonal Sodium Overload or Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Protects Axonal Mitochondria from Oxidative Stress-Induced Alterations. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6125711. [PMID: 35663200 PMCID: PMC9157283 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, mitochondrial damage caused by oxidative stress is believed to contribute to neuroaxonal damage. Previously, we demonstrated that exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) alters mitochondrial morphology and motility in myelinated axons and that these changes initiate at the nodes of Ranvier, where numerous sodium channels are located. Therefore, we suggested that mitochondrial damage may lead to ATP deficit, thereby affecting the efficiency of the sodium-potassium ATPase and eventually leading to sodium overload in axons. The increased intra-axonal sodium may revert the axonal sodium-calcium exchangers and thus may lead to a pathological calcium overload in the axoplasm and mitochondria. Here, we used the explanted murine ventral spinal roots to investigate whether modulation of sodium or calcium influx may prevent mitochondrial alterations in myelinated axons during exogenous application of H2O2 inducing oxidative stress. For that, tetrodotoxin, an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium ion channels, and ruthenium 360, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, were applied simultaneously with hydrogen peroxide to axons. Mitochondrial shape and motility were analyzed. We showed that inhibition of axonal sodium influx prevented oxidative stress-induced morphological changes (i.e., increase in circularity and area and decrease in length) and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, which is crucial for ATP production. Blocking mitochondrial calcium uptake prevented decrease in mitochondrial motility and also preserved membrane potential. Our findings indicate that alterations of both mitochondrial morphology and motility in the contexts of oxidative stress can be counterbalanced by modulating intramitochondrial ion concentrations pharmacologically. Moreover, motile mitochondria show preserved membrane potentials, pointing to a close association between mitochondrial motility and functionality.
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18
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Ustyantseva E, Pavlova SV, Malakhova AA, Ustyantsev K, Zakian SM, Medvedev SP. Oxidative stress monitoring in iPSC-derived motor neurons using genetically encoded biosensors of H 2O 2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8928. [PMID: 35624228 PMCID: PMC9142597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, being either the initiator or part of a pathological cascade that leads to the neuron’s death. Genetically encoded biosensors of oxidative stress demonstrated their general functionality and overall safety in various systems. However, there is still insufficient data regarding their use in the research of disease-related phenotypes in relevant model systems, such as human cells. Here, we establish an approach for monitoring the redox state of live motor neurons with SOD1 mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we insert genetically encoded biosensors of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial H2O2 in the genome of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. We demonstrate that the biosensors remain functional in motor neurons derived from these iPSCs and reflect the differences in the stationary redox state of the neurons with different genotypes. Moreover, we show that the biosensors respond to alterations in motor neuron oxidation caused by either environmental changes or cellular stress. Thus, the obtained platform is suitable for cell-based research of neurodegenerative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ustyantseva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Sophia V Pavlova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Malakhova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill Ustyantsev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren M Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey P Medvedev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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19
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Modeling axonal regeneration by changing cytoskeletal dynamics in stem cell-derived motor nerve organoids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2082. [PMID: 35136073 PMCID: PMC8827082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers axon degeneration and cell death, leading to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Spinal motor nerves project very long axons, increasing the burden on axonal transport and metabolism. As such, spinal motor nerves are expected to be susceptible to oxidative stress, but model systems for visualizing and investigating acutely degenerating motor axons are limited. In this study, we establish motor nerve organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with properties similar to those of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), a population of progenitor cells that comprise the caudal spinal cord. Three-dimensional differentiation of organoids efficiently gave rise to mature motor neurons within 18 days. Adherent organoids showed robust axon fascicles and active growth cones under normal conditions. In addition, more homogenous and efficient generation of motor neurons were achieved when organoids were dissociated into individual cells. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress resulted in a broad range of signs of axon degeneration including the disappearance of growth cones and neurites, axon retraction, axon fragmentation and bleb formation, and apoptotic cell death, whose severity can be reliably quantifiable in our culture system. Remarkably, cytoskeletal drugs modulating actin or microtubule turnover differentially facilitated axon dynamics and increased axon regenerative potential. Taken together, our motor nerve organoid model could be potentially useful for drug screens evaluating the rearrangement of cytoskeletons in regenerating motor axons.
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20
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Sanders OD, Rajagopal L, Rajagopal JA. The oxidatively damaged DNA and amyloid-β oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:403-412. [PMID: 34506904 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) still dominates the field, yet the clinical trial evidence does not robustly support it. A falsifiable prediction of the hypothesis is that Aβ oligomer levels should be elevated in the brain regions and at the disease stages where and when neuron death and synaptic protein loss begin and are the most severe, but we review previous evidence to demonstrate that this is not consistently the case. To rescue the Aβ oligomer hypothesis from falsification, we propose the novel ad-hoc hypothesis that the exceptionally vulnerable hippocampus may normally produce Aβ peptides even in healthily aging individuals, and hippocampal oxidatively damaged DNA, pathogen DNA, and metal ions such as zinc may initiate and drive Aβ peptide aggregation into oligomers and spreading, neuron death, synaptic dysfunction, and other aspects of AD neurodegeneration. We highlight additional evidence consistent with the underwhelming efficacy of Aβ oligomer-lowering agents, such as aducanumab, and of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, versus the so far isolated case report that DNase-I treatment for 2 months resulted in a severe AD patient's Mini-Mental State Exam score increasing from 3 to 18, reversing his diagnosis to moderate AD, according to the Mini-Mental State Exam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lekshmy Rajagopal
- Seven Hills Hospital, Marol Maroshi Rd, Shivaji Nagar JJC, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India
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21
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Atkins M, Hazan J, Fassier C. In Vivo Live Imaging of Axonal Transport in Developing Zebrafish Axons. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2431:325-350. [PMID: 35412285 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axonal transport is crucial for neuronal homeostasis, survival, and development. Indeed, axonal transport needs to be precisely regulated for developing axons to swiftly and accurately respond to their complex and evolving environment in space and time. A growing number of studies have started to unravel the diversity of regulatory and adaptor proteins required to orchestrate the axonal transport machinery. Despite some discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo axonal transport studies, most analyses aiming at deciphering these regulatory complexes, as well as their mode of action, were carried out in vitro in primary cultures of neurons, and mainly focused on their impact on axon specification and elongation, but rarely on axon navigation per se. Given the clear influence of the in vivo environment on axonal transport, including chemical and physical interactions with neighboring cells, it is essential to develop in vivo models to identify and characterize the molecular complexes involved in this key process. Here, we describe an experimental system to monitor axonal transport in vivo in developing axons of live zebrafish embryos with high spatial and temporal resolution. Due to its optical transparency and easy genetic manipulation, the zebrafish embryo is ideally suited to study such cellular dynamics at a single axon scale. Using this approach, we were able to unravel the key role of Fidgetin-like 1 in the regulation of bidirectional axonal transport required for motor axon targeting. Moreover, this protocol can be easily adapted to characterize a wide range of axonal transport regulators and components in physiological conditions and may additionally be used to screen new therapeutic compounds based on their ability to recue axonal transport defects in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC-Université Paris 6, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, UMR-S 1270 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jamilé Hazan
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC-Université Paris 6, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC-Université Paris 6, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 968, CNRS UMR_7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
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22
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Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases: An interplay among axonal transport failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation? Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101628. [PMID: 35779975 PMCID: PMC9807734 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of selected neuronal populations. A significant risk factor for most NDs is aging. Considering the constant increase in life expectancy, NDs represent a global public health burden. Axonal transport (AT) is a central cellular process underlying the generation and maintenance of neuronal architecture and connectivity. Deficits in AT appear to be a common thread for most, if not all, NDs. Neuroinflammation has been notoriously difficult to define in relation to NDs. Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process in the CNS, which varies depending on the disease stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that AT defect, axonopathy and neuroinflammation are tightly interlaced. However, whether these impairments play a causative role in NDs or are merely a downstream effect of neuronal degeneration remains unsettled. We still lack reliable information on the temporal relationship between these pathogenic mechanisms, although several findings suggest that they may occur early during ND pathophysiology. This article will review the latest evidence emerging on whether the interplay between AT perturbations and some aspects of CNS inflammation can participate in ND etiology, analyze their potential as therapeutic targets, and the urge to identify early surrogate biomarkers.
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23
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Chow SYA, Nakanishi Y, Kaneda S, Ikeuchi Y. Modeling Axonal Degeneration Using Motor Nerve Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2515:89-97. [PMID: 35776347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2409-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of axons is characteristic of many devastating diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, lack of an in vitro neuronal culture system that mimics damages on nerves and axonal tracts hampered development of effective treatments. Here, we describe a method to model degeneration of motor neuron axons using motor nerve organoids that are formed with human induced pluripotent stem cells. In this protocol, motor neuron axon degeneration can be rapidly induced with chemical damages. Neuroprotective effects of compounds can be examined using the degenerated axons. This motor neuron axon bundle degeneration model should facilitate future screening for drugs against diseases affecting axon fascicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Nakanishi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneda
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Bennett CL, Champigneulle O, Bennett A, Witherspoon B, Bove C. Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability and Other Fluoroquinolone-Associated Serious Adverse Events: Unexpected Toxicities Have Emerged in Recent Years. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 184:1-39. [PMID: 36449185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04402-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study describes cases of individuals who report adverse events following consumption of the most commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin. Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are some of the most widely prescribed antibiotics in the world. Although these antibiotics have been on the market for more than 20 years, a wide range of serious FQ-associated adverse events first became apparent in 2006 and continued to be recognized for the next 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Bennett
- SONAR (Southern Network on Adverse Reactions) Program, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Oscar Champigneulle
- SONAR (Southern Network on Adverse Reactions) Program, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew Bennett
- SONAR (Southern Network on Adverse Reactions) Program, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bartlett Witherspoon
- SONAR (Southern Network on Adverse Reactions) Program, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Cecilia Bove
- York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA, 17403, USA.
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25
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D'Ambra E, Santini T, Vitiello E, D'Uva S, Silenzi V, Morlando M, Bozzoni I. Circ-Hdgfrp3 shuttles along neurites and is trapped in aggregates formed by ALS-associated mutant FUS. iScience 2021; 24:103504. [PMID: 34934923 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs belong to a family of RNA molecules which are conserved in evolution, have tissue-specific expression, and are abundant in neuronal cells. Here, we define several features of circ-Hdgfrp3 and describe interesting alterations occurring in motor neurons (MNs) carrying ALS-associated FUS mutations. Through a highly sensitive in situ approach we describe that circ-Hdgfrp3 traffics along neurites, while upon oxidative stress it is retained in the perinuclear region. While in wild-type stressed MNs, circ-Hdgfrp3 localizes in stress granules (SGs), in MNs carrying mutant FUS, a higher proportion of circ-Hdgfrp3 was trapped into cytoplasmic aggregates. Upon stress removal, circ-Hdgfrp3 was easily freed from SGs whereas it was less efficiently released from FUS-aggregates. We found that the human circ-Hdgfrp3 counterpart was also similarly associated to mutant FUS-aggregates in stressed neuronal cells. Overall, the alteration of circ-Hdgfrp3 trafficking adds a further layer of complexity to the role of FUS-aggregates in ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora D'Ambra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Vitiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Uva
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Silenzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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26
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Ye M, Huang J, Mou Q, Luo J, Hu Y, Lou X, Yao K, Zhao B, Duan Q, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao Y. CD82 protects against glaucomatous axonal transport deficits via mTORC1 activation in mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1149. [PMID: 34897284 PMCID: PMC8665930 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration and retinal ganglion cell loss. Axonal transport deficits have been demonstrated to be the earliest crucial pathophysiological changes underlying axonal degeneration in glaucoma. Here, we explored the role of the tetraspanin superfamily member CD82 in an acute ocular hypertension model. We found a transient downregulation of CD82 after acute IOP elevation, with parallel emergence of axonal transport deficits. The overexpression of CD82 with an AAV2/9 vector in the mouse retina improved optic nerve axonal transport and ameliorated subsequent axon degeneration. Moreover, the CD82 overexpression stimulated optic nerve regeneration and restored vision in a mouse optic nerve crush model. CD82 exerted a protective effect through the upregulation of TRAF2, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and activated mTORC1 through K63-linked ubiquitylation and intracellular repositioning of Raptor. Therefore, our study offers deeper insight into the tetraspanin superfamily and demonstrates a potential neuroprotective strategy in glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingqiu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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27
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Jassim AH, Fan Y, Pappenhagen N, Nsiah NY, Inman DM. Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia Modify Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Glaucoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1341-1357. [PMID: 33736457 PMCID: PMC8817702 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cellular response to hypoxia can include transition from respiration to glycolysis via upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and transporters, as well as mitophagy induction to eliminate surplus mitochondria. Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization on mitochondrial homeostasis and oxidative stress in a chronic model of glaucoma. Results: Retina and optic nerve (ON) were evaluated from young and aged DBA/2J (D2) glaucoma model mice and the control strain, the DBA/2-Gpnmb+. Hypoxic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were observed in young and aged D2 retina, with a significant increase in HIF-1α protein in the aged D2 retina. Reactive oxygen species observed in young D2 retina and ON were followed by significant decreases in antioxidant capacity in aged D2 retina and ON. HIF-1α targets such as neuron-specific glucose transporter-3 and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased or unchanged, respectively, in aged D2 retina despite an increased hypoxia response in RGCs. Mitochondrial mass was decreased in aged D2 retina concomitant with decreased mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain transcripts despite a stable nuclear-encoded TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor), suggesting a breakdown in the nuclear-mitochondrial communication. Decreased mitophagy-associated proteins p62 and Rheb were observed in aged D2 retina, although p62 was significantly increased in the aged D2 ON. Innovation and Conclusion: The increased reactive oxygen species concomitant with HIF-1α upregulation despite reduced glucose transporters, mis-match of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded transcripts, and signs of reduced mitophagy suggest that retinas from D2 mice with chronic intraocular pressure elevation transition to pseudohypoxia without consistent metabolic reprogramming before significant RGC loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1341-1357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assraa Hassan Jassim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel Pappenhagen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Kent State University School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Nana Yaa Nsiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Denise M. Inman, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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28
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Shaw GA. Mitochondria as the target for disease related hormonal dysregulation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100350. [PMID: 34746877 PMCID: PMC8554460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in the synthesis of steroid hormones, including the sex hormone estrogen. Sex-specific regulation of these hormones is important for phenotypic development and downstream, sex-specific activational effects in both brain and behavior. First, mitochondrial contribution to the synthesis of estrogen, followed by a discussion of the signaling interactions between estrogen and the mitochondria will be reviewed. Next, disorders with an established sex difference related to aging, mood, and cognition will be examined. Finally, review of mitochondria as a biomarker of disease and data supporting efforts in targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of these disorders will be discussed. Taken together, this review aims to assess the influence of E2 on mitochondrial function within the brain via exploration of E2-ER interactions within neural mitochondria and how they may act to influence the development and presentation of neurodegenerative and neurocognitive diseases with known sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys A. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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29
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Microtubule-Based Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Valuable Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225812. [PMID: 34830966 PMCID: PMC8616325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria constitute an ever-reorganizing dynamic network that plays a key role in several fundamental cellular functions, including the regulation of metabolism, energy production, calcium homeostasis, production of reactive oxygen species, and programmed cell death. Each of these activities can be found to be impaired in cancer cells. It has been reported that mitochondrial dynamics are actively involved in both tumorigenesis and metabolic plasticity, allowing cancer cells to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions and, thus, contributing to tumor progression. The mitochondrial dynamics include fusion, fragmentation, intracellular trafficking responsible for redistributing the organelle within the cell, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Although the mitochondrial dynamics are driven by the cytoskeleton-particularly by the microtubules and the microtubule-associated motor proteins dynein and kinesin-the molecular mechanisms regulating these complex processes are not yet fully understood. More recently, an exchange of mitochondria between stromal and cancer cells has also been described. The advantage of mitochondrial transfer in tumor cells results in benefits to cell survival, proliferation, and spreading. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial trafficking can potentially be important for identifying new molecular targets in cancer therapy to interfere specifically with tumor dissemination processes.
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30
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Simões RF, Pino R, Moreira-Soares M, Kovarova J, Neuzil J, Travasso R, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T, Pereira FB. Quantitative analysis of neuronal mitochondrial movement reveals patterns resulting from neurotoxicity of rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22024. [PMID: 34751984 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100899r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, including their intracellular trafficking, are common early manifestations of neuronal degeneration. However, current methodologies used to study mitochondrial trafficking events rely on parameters that are primarily altered in later stages of neurodegeneration. Our objective was to establish a reliable applied statistical analysis to detect early alterations in neuronal mitochondrial trafficking. We propose a novel quantitative analysis of mitochondria trajectories based on innovative movement descriptors, including straightness, efficiency, anisotropy, and kurtosis. We evaluated time- and dose-dependent alterations in trajectory descriptors using biological data from differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with the mitochondrial toxicants 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone. MitoTracker Red CMXRos-labelled mitochondria movement was analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy followed by computational modelling to describe the process. Based on the aforementioned trajectory descriptors, this innovative analysis of mitochondria trajectories provides insights into mitochondrial movement characteristics and can be a consistent and sensitive method to detect alterations in mitochondrial trafficking occurring in the earliest time points of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui F Simões
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Rute Pino
- CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maurício Moreira-Soares
- OCBE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaromira Kovarova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rui Travasso
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco B Pereira
- CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Palumbo A, Grüning P, Landt SK, Heckmann LE, Bartram L, Pabst A, Flory C, Ikhsan M, Pietsch S, Schulz R, Kren C, Koop N, Boltze J, Madany Mamlouk A, Zille M. Deep Learning to Decipher the Progression and Morphology of Axonal Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102539. [PMID: 34685519 PMCID: PMC8534012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration (AxD) is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Deciphering the morphological patterns of AxD will help to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective therapies. Here, we evaluated the progression of AxD in cortical neurons using a novel microfluidic device together with a deep learning tool that we developed for the enhanced-throughput analysis of AxD on microscopic images. The trained convolutional neural network (CNN) sensitively and specifically segmented the features of AxD including axons, axonal swellings, and axonal fragments. Its performance exceeded that of the human evaluators. In an in vitro model of AxD in hemorrhagic stroke induced by the hemolysis product hemin, we detected a time-dependent degeneration of axons leading to a decrease in axon area, while axonal swelling and fragment areas increased. Axonal swellings preceded axon fragmentation, suggesting that swellings may be reliable predictors of AxD. Using a recurrent neural network (RNN), we identified four morphological patterns of AxD (granular, retraction, swelling, and transport degeneration). These findings indicate a morphological heterogeneity of AxD in hemorrhagic stroke. Our EntireAxon platform enables the systematic analysis of axons and AxD in time-lapse microscopy and unravels a so-far unknown intricacy in which AxD can occur in a disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palumbo
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Grüning
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Svenja Kim Landt
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lara Eleen Heckmann
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luisa Bartram
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Alessa Pabst
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flory
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maulana Ikhsan
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24355, Indonesia
| | - Sören Pietsch
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schulz
- Wissenschaftliche Werkstätten, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Christopher Kren
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (C.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Norbert Koop
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (C.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amir Madany Mamlouk
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Marietta Zille
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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32
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Kropf E, Fahnestock M. Effects of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on TrkA Expression and Signalling: Implications for proNGF in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081983. [PMID: 34440751 PMCID: PMC8392605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its precursor form, proNGF, are critical for neuronal survival and cognitive function. In the brain, proNGF is the only detectable form of NGF. Dysregulation of proNGF in the brain is implicated in age-related memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is characterized by early and progressive degeneration of the basal forebrain, an area critical for learning, memory, and attention. Learning and memory deficits in AD are associated with loss of proNGF survival signalling and impaired retrograde transport of proNGF to the basal forebrain. ProNGF transport and signalling may be impaired by the increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) observed in the aged and AD brain. The current literature suggests that ROS/RNS nitrate proNGF and reduce the expression of the proNGF receptor tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), disrupting its downstream survival signalling. ROS/RNS-induced reductions in TrkA expression reduce cell viability, as proNGF loses its neurotrophic function in the absence of TrkA and instead generates apoptotic signalling via the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. ROS/RNS also interfere with kinesin and dynein motor functions, causing transport deficits. ROS/RNS-induced deficits in microtubule motor function and TrkA expression and signalling may contribute to the vulnerability of the basal forebrain in AD. Antioxidant treatments may be beneficial in restoring proNGF signalling and axonal transport and reducing basal forebrain neurodegeneration and related deficits in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kropf
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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33
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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34
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Nguyen H, Zerimech S, Baltan S. Astrocyte Mitochondria in White-Matter Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2696-2714. [PMID: 33527218 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the diverse structure and function of astrocytes to describe the bioenergetic versatility required of astrocytes that are situated at different locations. The intercellular domain of astrocyte mitochondria defines their roles in supporting and regulating astrocyte-neuron coupling and survival against ischemia. The heterogeneity of astrocyte mitochondria, and how subpopulations of astrocyte mitochondria adapt to interact with other glia and regulate axon function, require further investigation. It has become clear that mitochondrial permeability transition pores play a key role in a wide variety of human diseases, whose common pathology may be based on mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by Ca2+ and potentiated by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species cause axonal degeneration and a reduction in axonal transport, leading to axonal dystrophies and neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Developing new tools to allow better investigation of mitochondrial structure and function in astrocytes, and techniques to specifically target astrocyte mitochondria, can help to unravel the role of mitochondrial health and dysfunction in a more inclusive context outside of neuronal cells. Overall, this review will assess the value of astrocyte mitochondria as a therapeutic target to mitigate acute and chronic injury in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Zerimech
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Selva Baltan
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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35
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Retrograde Mitochondrial Transport Is Essential for Organelle Distribution and Health in Zebrafish Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1371-1392. [PMID: 33376159 PMCID: PMC7896009 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1316-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, mitochondria are transported by molecular motors throughout the cell to form and maintain functional neural connections. These organelles have many critical functions in neurons and are of high interest as their dysfunction is associated with disease. While the mechanics and impact of anterograde mitochondrial movement toward axon terminals are beginning to be understood, the frequency and function of retrograde (cell body directed) mitochondrial transport in neurons are still largely unexplored. While existing evidence indicates that some mitochondria are retrogradely transported for degradation in the cell body, the precise impact of disrupting retrograde transport on the organelles and the axon was unknown. Using long-term, in vivo imaging, we examined mitochondrial motility in zebrafish sensory and motor axons. We show that retrograde transport of mitochondria from axon terminals allows replacement of the axon terminal population within a day. By tracking these organelles, we show that not all mitochondria that leave the axon terminal are degraded; rather, they persist over several days. Disrupting retrograde mitochondrial flux in neurons leads to accumulation of aged organelles in axon terminals and loss of cell body mitochondria. Assays of neural circuit activity demonstrated that disrupting mitochondrial transport and function has no effect on sensory axon terminal activity but does negatively impact motor neuron axons. Taken together, our work supports a previously unappreciated role for retrograde mitochondrial transport in the maintenance of a homeostatic distribution of mitochondria in neurons and illustrates the downstream effects of disrupting this process on sensory and motor circuits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Disrupted mitochondrial transport has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Retrograde transport of this organelle has been implicated in turnover of aged organelles through lysosomal degradation in the cell body. Consistent with this, we provide evidence that retrograde mitochondrial transport is important for removing aged organelles from axons; however, we show that these organelles are not solely degraded, rather they persist in neurons for days. Disrupting retrograde mitochondrial transport impacts the homeostatic distribution of mitochondria throughout the neuron and the function of motor, but not sensory, axon synapses. Together, our work shows the conserved reliance on retrograde mitochondrial transport for maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool in neurons and illustrates the disparate effects of disrupting this process on sensory versus motor circuits.
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro (Mitochondrial Rho GTPase), a key player of mitochondrial axonal transport and mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:118-135. [PMID: 33127590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases) a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a vital role in the microtubule-based mitochondrial axonal transport, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and Mito-Ca2+ homeostasis. It forms a major protein complex with Milton (an adaptor protein), kinesin and dynein (motor proteins), and facilitates bidirectional mitochondrial axonal transport such as anterograde and retrograde transport. By forming this protein complex, Miro facilitates the mitochondrial axonal transport and fulfills the neuronal energy demand, maintain the mitochondrial homeostasis and neuronal survival. It has been demonstrated that altered mitochondrial biogenesis, improper mitochondrial axonal transport, and mitochondrial dynamics are the early pathologies associated with most of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Being the sole mitochondrial outer membrane protein associated with mitochondrial axonal transport-related processes, Miro proteins can be one of the key players in various NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, in the current review, we have discussed the evolutionarily conserved Miro proteins and its role in the pathogenesis of the various NDs. From this, we indicated that Miro proteins may act as a potential target for a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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Malla B, Cotten S, Ulshoefer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Bros H, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide preserves peripheral nerve mitochondria from oxidative stress-mediated alterations. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320944773. [PMID: 32850106 PMCID: PMC7425321 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common pathological hallmark in various inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously showed that oxidative stress alters axonal mitochondria, limiting their transport and inducing conformational changes that lead to axonal damage. Teriflunomide (TFN), an oral immunomodulatory drug approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS, reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is crucial for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is the only mitochondrial enzyme in this pathway, thus conferring a link between inflammation, mitochondrial activity and axonal integrity. Here, we investigated how DHODH inhibition may affect mitochondrial behavior in the context of oxidative stress. We employed a model of transected murine spinal roots, previously developed in our laboratory. Using confocal live imaging of axonal mitochondria, we showed that in unmanipulated axons, TFN increased significantly the mitochondria length without altering their transport features. In mitochondria challenged with 50 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress, the presence of TFN at 1 µM concentration was able to restore mitochondrial shape, motility, as well as mitochondrial oxidation potential to control levels. No effects were observed at 5 µM TFN, while some shape and motility parameters were restored to control levels at 50 µM TFN. Thus, our data demonstrate an undescribed link between DHODH and mitochondrial dynamics and point to a potential neuroprotective effect of DHODH inhibition in the context of oxidative stress-induced damage of axonal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Malla
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Cotten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ulshoefer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrueck Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany and Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Bros
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
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Clark CM, Clark RM, Hoyle JA, Dickson TC. Pathogenic or protective? Neuropeptide Y in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2020; 156:273-289. [PMID: 32654149 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous peptide of the central and enteric nervous systems which has gained significant interest as a potential neuroprotective agent for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and motor neuron loss. In ALS, recent evidence from ALS patients and animal models has indicated that NPY may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. Increased NPY levels were found to correlate with disease progression in ALS patients. Similarly, NPY expression is increased in the motor cortex of ALS mice by end stages of the disease. Although the functional consequence of increased NPY levels in ALS is currently unknown, NPY has been shown to exert a diverse range of neuroprotective roles in other neurodegenerative diseases; through modulation of potassium channel activity, increased production of neurotrophins, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, reduction of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability. Several of these mechanisms and signalling pathways are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss possible effects of NPY and NPY-receptor signalling in the ALS disease context, as determining NPY's contribution to, or impact on, ALS disease mechanisms will be essential for future studies investigating the NPY system as a therapeutic strategy in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rosemary M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Joshua A Hoyle
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Traumatic stress history interacts with sex and chronic peripheral inflammation to alter mitochondrial function of synaptosomes. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:203-219. [PMID: 32389700 PMCID: PMC9380700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposures to chronic stress can lead to long lasting negative behavioral and metabolic outcomes. Here, we aim to determine the impact of chronic stress and chronic low-level inflammation on behavior and synaptosomal metabolism. METHODS Male (n = 31) and female (n = 32) C57Bl/6 mice underwent chronic repeated predation stress or daily handling for two rounds of 15 consecutive days of exposure during the adolescent and early adult timeframes. Subsequently, mice were exposed to repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 7.5 × 105 EU/kg) or saline injections every third day for eight weeks. Exploratory and social behaviors were assessed in the open field and social interaction tests prior to examination of learning and memory with the Barnes Maze. Mitochondrial function and morphology were assessed in synaptosomes post-mortem using the Cell Mito Stress test and Seahorse XFe24 analyzer, TEM, and western analysis, respectively. In addition, expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and ROMO1 were examined in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex with Taqman qPCR. Circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery were assessed using the MSD V-plex Proinflammatory Panel 1 following the first and last LPS injection as well as at the time of tissue collection. Circulating ROMO1 was assessed in terminal samples via ELISA. RESULTS Exposure to repeated predatory stress increased time spent in the corners of the open field, suggestive of anxiety-like behavior, in both males and females. There were no significant group differences in the social interaction test and minimal effects were evident in the Barnes maze. A history of chronic stress interacted with chronic LPS in male mice to lead to a deficit in synaptosomal respiration. Female mice were more sensitive to both chronic stress and chronic LPS such that either a history of chronic stress or chronic LPS exposure was sufficient to disrupt synaptosomal respiration in females. Both stress and chronic LPS were sufficient to increase inflammation and reactive oxygen in males centrally and peripherally. Females had increased markers of peripheral inflammation following acute LPS but no evidence of peripheral or central increases in inflammatory factors or reactive oxygen following chronic exposures. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that while metrics of inflammation and reactive oxygen are disrupted in males following chronic stress and chronic LPS, only the combined condition is sufficient to alter synaptosomal respiration. Conversely, although evidence of chronic inflammation or chronic elevation in reactive oxygen is absent, females demonstrate profound shifts in synaptosomal mitochondrial function with either a history of chronic stress or a history of chronic inflammation. These data highlight that different mechanisms are likely in play between the sexes and that sex differences in neural outcomes may be precipitated by sex-specific effects of life experiences on mitochondrial function in the synapse.
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Wali G, Liyanage E, Blair NF, Sutharsan R, Park JS, Mackay-Sim A, Sue CM. Oxidative Stress-Induced Axon Fragmentation Is a Consequence of Reduced Axonal Transport in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPAST Patient Neurons. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:401. [PMID: 32457567 PMCID: PMC7221066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and paralysis of the lower limbs. Autosomal dominant mutations in SPAST gene account for ∼40% of adult-onset patients. We have previously shown that SPAST patient cells have reduced organelle transport and are therefore more sensitive to oxidative stress. To test whether these effects are present in neuronal cells, we first generated 11 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from fibroblasts of three healthy controls and three HSP patients with different SPAST mutations. These cells were differentiated into FOXG1-positive forebrain neurons and then evaluated for multiple aspects of axonal transport and fragmentation. Patient neurons exhibited reduced levels of SPAST encoded spastin, as well as a range of axonal deficits, including reduced levels of stabilized microtubules, lower peroxisome transport speed as a consequence of reduced microtubule-dependent transport, reduced number of peroxisomes, and higher density of axon swellings. Patient axons fragmented significantly more than controls following hydrogen peroxide exposure, suggesting for the first time that the SPAST patient axons are more sensitive than controls to the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Treatment of patient neurons with tubulin-binding drugs epothilone D and noscapine rescued axon peroxisome transport and protected them against axon fragmentation induced by oxidative stress, showing that SPAST patient axons are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced degeneration as a consequence of reduced axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erandhi Liyanage
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas F Blair
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ratneswary Sutharsan
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hansen T, Thant C, White JA, Banerjee R, Thuamsang B, Gunawardena S. Excess active P13K rescues huntingtin-mediated neuronal cell death but has no effect on axonal transport defects. Apoptosis 2020; 24:341-358. [PMID: 30725352 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of oxidative stress is detected in neurons affected by many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease. Many of these diseases also show neuronal cell death and axonal transport defects. While nuclear inclusions/accumulations likely cause cell death, we previously showed that cytoplasmic axonal accumulations can also contribute to neuronal death. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for activating cell death is unclear. One possibility is that perturbations in normal axonal transport alter the function of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-pathway, a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival/growth in response to extracellular signals. To test this proposal in vivo, we expressed active PI3K in the context of pathogenic huntingtin (HTT-138Q) in Drosophila larval nerves, which show axonal transport defects and neuronal cell death. We found that excess expression of active P13K significantly suppressed HTT-138Q-mediated neuronal cell death, but had no effect on HTT-138Q-mediated axonal transport defects. Expression of active PI3K also rescued Paraquat-mediated cell death. Further, increased levels of pSer9 (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3β was seen in HTT-138Q-mediated larval brains, and in dynein loss of function mutants, indicating the modulation of the pro-survival pathway. Intriguingly, proteins in the PI3K/AKT-pathway showed functional interactions with motor proteins. Taken together our observations suggest that proper axonal transport is likely essential for the normal function of the pro-survival PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway and for neuronal survival in vivo. These results have important implications for targeting therapeutics to early insults during neurodegeneration and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Claire Thant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Bhasirie Thuamsang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US. .,The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall, North/Amherst Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US.
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Shah SI, Paine JG, Perez C, Ullah G. Mitochondrial fragmentation and network architecture in degenerative diseases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223014. [PMID: 31557225 PMCID: PMC6762132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of mitochondrial network has been implicated in many neurodegenerative, renal, and metabolic diseases. However, a quantitative measure of the microscopic parameters resulting in the impaired balance between fission and fusion of mitochondria and consequently the fragmented networks in a wide range of pathological conditions does not exist. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial networks in cells with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), optic neuropathy (OPA), diabetes/cancer, acute kidney injury, Ca2+ overload, and Down Syndrome (DS) pathologies that indicates significant network fragmentation in all these conditions. Furthermore, we found key differences in the way the microscopic rates of fission and fusion are affected in different conditions. The observed fragmentation in cells with AD, HD, DS, kidney injury, Ca2+ overload, and diabetes/cancer pathologies results from the imbalance between the fission and fusion through lateral interactions, whereas that in OPA, PD, and ALS results from impaired balance between fission and fusion arising from longitudinal interactions of mitochondria. Such microscopic difference leads to major disparities in the fine structure and topology of the network that could have significant implications for the way fragmentation affects various cell functions in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed I. Shah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Johanna G. Paine
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Carlos Perez
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
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Pareek V, Nath B, Roy PK. Role of Neuroimaging Modality in the Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Brain: A Comprehensive Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:372-381. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190507102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective:Oxidative stress (OS) is the secondary source of an injury in consequence to the earlier caused primary injury; it is the condition of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants within the physiological system. OS causes alterations in proteins and DNA structure, leading to inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and tissue damage. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Glioma-induced neurodegeneration and the normal aging-related neuro-degeneration are primarily associated with the increased OS. The present review article is committed to delivering a comprehensive overview of the current neuroimaging modalities which estimates an indirect correlate of OS in the brain. OS-induced changes in white matter tracts and the gray matter volumes are reviewed assessing the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) respectively. Further, the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the OS-induced alterations of chemical moieties, and thus the resultant structural implications in the neurological disorders are also briefly as well as precisely reviewed.Conclusions:In the present review article we present an overview of the role of neuroimaging modalities in the diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment during treatment of the OS induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pareek
- National Neuroimaging Facility, Computational Neuroscience & Neuroimaging Department, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Banshi Nath
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec QC, Canada
| | - Prasun K. Roy
- Computational Neuroscience & Neuro-Imaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 122005, India
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Damiano S, Muscariello E, La Rosa G, Di Maro M, Mondola P, Santillo M. Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle Function: Can Antioxidant Dietary Supplements Counteract Age-Related Sarcopenia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153815. [PMID: 31387214 PMCID: PMC6696113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In older people, malnutrition and physical inactivity are often associated with sarcopenia, and, therefore, dietary interventions and exercise must be considered to prevent, delay, or treat it. Among the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, a key role is played by an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels and a decrease in enzymatic antioxidant protection leading to oxidative stress. Many studies have evaluated, in addition to the effects of exercise, the effects of antioxidant dietary supplements in limiting age-related muscle mass and performance, but the data which have been reported are conflicting. In skeletal muscle, ROS/RNS have a dual function: at low levels they increase muscle force and adaptation to exercise, while at high levels they lead to a decline of muscle performance. Controversial results obtained with antioxidant supplementation in older persons could in part reflect the lack of univocal effects of ROS on muscle mass and function. The purpose of this review is to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of ROS in skeletal muscle function and the analysis of literature data on dietary antioxidant supplementation associated with exercise in normal and sarcopenic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Hayes LR, Asress SA, Li Y, Galkin A, Stepanova A, Kawamata H, Manfredi G, Glass JD. Distal denervation in the SOD1 knockout mouse correlates with loss of mitochondria at the motor nerve terminal. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:251-257. [PMID: 31082391 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of mitochondrial transport has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathy and neurodegeneration. However, the role of mitochondria in stabilizing motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1-/-), develop progressive NMJ denervation. This was rescued by expression of SOD1 exclusively in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (MitoSOD1/Sod1-/-), suggesting that oxidative stress within mitochondria drives denervation in these animals. However, we also observed reduced mitochondrial density in Sod1-/- motor axons in vitro. To investigate the relationship between mitochondrial density and NMJ innervation in vivo, we crossed Sod1-/- mice with the fluorescent reporter strains Thy1-YFP and Thy1-mitoCFP. We identified an age-dependent loss of mitochondria at motor nerve terminals in Sod1-/- mice, that closely correlated with NMJ denervation, and was rescued by MitoSOD1 expression. To test whether augmenting mitochondrial transport rescues Sod1-/- axons, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the mitochondrial cargo adaptor, Miro1. This led to a partial rescue of mitochondrial density at motor nerve terminals by 12 months of age, but was insufficient to prevent denervation. These findings suggest that loss of mitochondria in the distal motor axon may contribute to denervation in Sod1-/- mice, perhaps via loss of key mitochondrial functions such as calcium buffering and/or energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Seneshaw A Asress
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Impaired by N-acetyl Cysteine Supplementation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:13-25. [PMID: 28812231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation, and therefore, has been proposed as a key target for novel therapies for these diseases. Recently, adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-based cell therapy has emerged as a novel strategy for neuroprotection. In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic role of ASC-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in a new in vitro model of ec23/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Yd). In the presence of ASC-CM, stressed SH-SY5Yd cells recover normal axonal morphology (with an almost complete absence of H2O2-induced axonal beading), electrophysiological features, and cell viability. This beneficial effect of ASC-CM was associated with its antioxidant capacity and the presence of growth factors, namely, BDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and transforming growth factor β1. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of ASC-CM was very similar to that obtained from treatment with BDNF, an essential factor for SH-SY5Yd cell survival. Importantly, we also found that the addition of the antioxidant agent N-acetyl cysteine to ASC-CM abolished its restorative effect; this was associated with a strong reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast to the moderate decrease in ROS produced by ASC-CM alone. These results suggest that neuronal restorative effect of ASC-CM is associated with not only the release of essential neurotrophic factors, but also the maintenance of an appropriate redox state to preserve neuronal function.
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Sano T, Kohyama-Koganeya A, Kinoshita MO, Tatsukawa T, Shimizu C, Oshima E, Yamada K, Le TD, Akagi T, Tohyama K, Nagao S, Hirabayashi Y. Loss of GPRC5B impairs synapse formation of Purkinje cells with cerebellar nuclear neurons and disrupts cerebellar synaptic plasticity and motor learning. Neurosci Res 2018; 136:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mandal A, Pinter K, Drerup CM. Analyzing Neuronal Mitochondria in vivo Using Fluorescent Reporters in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:144. [PMID: 30410881 PMCID: PMC6209631 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance for cellular viability, the actual life history and properties of mitochondria in neurons are still unclear. These organelles are distributed throughout the entirety of the neuron and serve many functions, including: energy production (ATP), iron homeostasis and processing, calcium buffering, and metabolite production, as well as many other lesser known activities. Given their importance, understanding how these organelles are positioned and how their health and function is maintained is critical for many aspects of cell biology. This is best illustrated by the diverse disease literature which demonstrates that abnormal mitochondrial movement, localization, size, or function often correlates with neural pathology. In the following methods article, we will describe the techniques and tools we have optimized to directly visualize mitochondria and analyze mitochondrial lifetime, health, and function in neurons in vivo using fluorescent reporters in the zebrafish. The zebrafish system is ideal for in vivo studies of mitochondrial biology as: (1) neuronal circuits develop rapidly, within days; (2) it is genetically accessible; and (3) embryos and larvae are translucent allowing imaging in a completely intact vertebrate nervous system. Using these tools and techniques, the field is poised to answer questions of mitochondrial biology in the context of neuronal health and function in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mandal
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine Pinter
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Abstract
In recent years, the reports on using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer prevention and treatment have been on the rise. In 2017, the US Preventive Services Working Group issued primary prevention guidelines on the use of NSAIDs, especially aspirin, for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer, and formally established the role and status of aspirin in cancer prevention. However, the mechanism of NSAIDs on preventing cancer is still not clear. In this paper, the progress of the application of NSAIDs, especially aspirin, in the prevention and treatment of tumors in recent years is summarized, and new ideas and directions for the follow-up study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Lijun Shang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK,
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Fukui K, Okihiro S, Ohfuchi Y, Hashimoto M, Kato Y, Yoshida N, Mochizuki K, Tsumoto H, Miura Y. Proteomic study on neurite responses to oxidative stress: search for differentially expressed proteins in isolated neurites of N1E-115 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:36-44. [PMID: 30705510 PMCID: PMC6348415 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species attack several living organs and induce cell death. Previously, we found axonal/dendrite degeneration before the induction of cell death in hydrogen peroxide-treated neuroblastoma: N1E-115 cells and primary neurons. This phenomenon may be connected with membrane oxidation, microtubule destabilization and disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis. However, its detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified proteins after treatment with hydrogen peroxide using isolated neurites by liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/time of flight analysis. Twenty-one proteins were increased after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Specifically, 5 proteins which were secretogranin-1, heat shock protein family D member 1, Brain acid soluble protein 1, heat shock 70-kDa protein 5 and superoxide dismutase 1, were identified of all experiments and increased in isolated neurites of hydrogen peroxide-treated cells compared to the controls. Furthermore, secretogranin-1 and heat shock protein family D member 1 protein expressions were significantly increased in normal aged and Alzheimer’s transgenic mice brains. These results indicate that secretogranin-1 and heat shock protein family D member 1 might contribute to reactive oxygen species-induced neurite degeneration. Both proteins have been related to neurodegenerative disorders, so their study may shed light on neurite dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukui
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.,Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Sciences, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Shunsuke Okihiro
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yuuka Ohfuchi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Sciences, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Minae Hashimoto
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yugo Kato
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kaho Mochizuki
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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