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Silva-Guillen YV, Arellano C, Wiegert J, Boyd RD, Martínez GE, van Heugten E. Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:27. [PMID: 38369504 PMCID: PMC10875789 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs, leading to significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance, intestinal health, and oxidative and immune status in growing pigs housed under heat stress conditions. METHODS Duplicate experiments were conducted, each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7 ± 3.8 and 43.9 ± 3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week, respectively. Pigs (n = 128) were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments (thermo-neutral (21.2 °C) or heat-stressed (30.9 °C)) and 4 supplementation treatments (control diet; control + 100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water; control + 200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed; or control + 400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed). RESULTS Heat stress for 28 d reduced (P ≤ 0.001) final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake (-7.4 kg, -26.7%, and -25.4%, respectively) but no effects of supplementation were detected (P > 0.05). Serum vitamin E increased (P < 0.001) with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed (1.64 vs. 3.59 and 1.64 vs. 3.24), but not for the botanical extract (1.64 vs. 1.67 mg/kg) and was greater when supplemented in water vs. feed (P = 0.002). Liver vitamin E increased (P < 0.001) with vitamin E supplementations in water (3.9 vs. 31.8) and feed (3.9 vs. 18.0), but not with the botanical extract (3.9 vs. 4.9 mg/kg). Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2, but increased on d 28 (interaction, P < 0.001), and was greater (P < 0.05) for antioxidant supplementation compared to control. Cellular proliferation was reduced (P = 0.037) in the jejunum under heat stress, but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress (interaction, P = 0.04). Tumor necrosis factor-α in jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress (P < 0.05) and was reduced by vitamin E supplementations under heat stress (interaction, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wiegert
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - R Dean Boyd
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Animal Nutrition Research, LLC, Alvaton, KY, 42122, USA
| | - Gabriela E Martínez
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Eric van Heugten
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Tan L, Xi Y, Zhou C, Xu Y, Pang J, Peng X, Tang Z, Sun W, Sun Z. Supplementation with Antimicrobial Peptides or a Tannic Acid Can Effectively Replace the Pharmacological Effects of Zinc Oxide in the Early Stages of Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1797. [PMID: 37889691 PMCID: PMC10251958 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) harms the environment and can potentially increase the number of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternatives to improve gut health and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets. This study conducted an antibacterial test of ZnO, antibacterial peptides (AMPs), and tannic acid (TA) in vitro. Thirty piglets were randomly allotted to one of the following three dietary treatments: ZnO (2000 mg/kg ZnO diet), AMPs (700 mg/kg AMPs diet), and TA (1000 mg/kg TA diet). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO and TA against Escherichia coli and Salmonella were lower than those of AMPs, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO, AMPs, and TA against Staphylococcus aureus were the same. Compared to ZnO, AMPs increased the digestibility of dry, organic matter and the crude fat. Additionally, TA significantly (p < 0.05) increased the digestibility of dry and organic matter. On experimental day 14, the plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) content of piglets supplemented with AMPs and TA was increased significantly (p < 0.05). On experimental day 28, alanine aminotransferase activity in the plasma of weaned piglets in the ZnO and TA groups was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in piglets in the AMPs group. The levels of plasma IL-6 and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ZnO and AMPs groups than in the TA group. On experimental days 14 and 28, no significant differences were observed in the antioxidant capacity among the three experimental groups. Intestinal microbial diversity analysis showed that the Chao1 and ACE indices of piglets in the AMPs group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the ZnO and TA groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Treponema_2 was higher in the feces of piglets fed a diet supplemented with TA than in those fed diet supplemented with ZnO (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae was higher in the feces of piglets fed a diet supplemented with AMPs than in those fed diet supplemented with ZnO or TA. Overall, AMPs and TA could be added to feed as substitutes for ZnO to reduce diarrhea, improve nutrient digestibility and immunity, and increase the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.T.); (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.P.); (X.P.)
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Golinar Oven I, Nemec Svete A, Hajdinjak M, Plut J, Štukelj M. Haematological profiles of pigs of different age in relation to the presence or absence of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and hepatitis E virus. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Golinar Oven
- Klinika za prežvekovalce in prašiče, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Klinika za male živali, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Melita Hajdinjak
- Laboratorij za uporabno matematiko in statistiko, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Plut
- Klinika za prežvekovalce in prašiče, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Štukelj
- Klinika za prežvekovalce in prašiče, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Oliveira Júnior J, Mendes A, Montes J, Alves B, Moreira F, Bianchi I, Schwegler E, Peripolli V. Acidifiers blend on digestibility, blood metabolites and performance of nursery piglets. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of two acidifiers blend (with different protection levels) on the acidification potential in vitro, apparent total tract digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites, and average daily gain of nursery piglets. Two commercial acidifiers blend additives (AC1 and AC2) were evaluated. The acidification potential of the two acidifiers blend added to the diet were tested by buffering capacity and initial pH in vitro. For the evaluation of apparent digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites and average daily gain, two experiments were carried out. The AC2 acidifier had a greater effect on the initial reduction in pH and a lower linear buffering rate of the diet. The use of acidifiers did not improve the nutrient digestibility of the diets and had no effect on the blood metabolite concentrations of urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, and lactate. Although the inclusion of acidifiers in the diets did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of the diet nutrients the inclusion of the AC2 acidifier at different levels showed a negative quadratic effect on the average daily gain, with the best inclusion level being 0.26%.
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Tannic acid extracted from gallnut prevents post-weaning diarrhea and improves intestinal health of weaned piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1078-1086. [PMID: 34738038 PMCID: PMC8546364 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 24 d of age, initial average BW = 7.77 ± 0.17 kg) were allotted to 5 groups (6 pigs/pen and 6 replicates/group) in a randomized complete block design according to their gender and body weight. Piglets were fed a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.4% TA for 28 d. The supplementary levels of TA in the diets were obtained by adding tannalbin containing 51% TA and 40.17% protein. The results showed that, compared with the CON group, dietary TA did not affect ADFI, ADG or F:G, and linearly reduced (P < 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of piglets. There were no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in the 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% TA groups, while negative effects (P < 0.05) on apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy were observed in the 0.4% TA group. In addition, the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with the increase of TA dosage. Supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.05) the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as increased (P < 0.05) catalase (CAT) activity in serum. Dietary TA improved (P < 0.05) the Bacillus counts in cecal digesta. Further, TA significantly improved (P < 0.05) Bacillus counts and reduced (P < 0.05) the Escherichia coli counts in colonic digesta. The concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid in cecal digesta were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), and claudin-2 (CLDN-2) in the jejunum were greater (P < 0.05) in TA supplemented groups. The study showed that, compared to the control, TA prevented post-weaning diarrhea and improved intestinal health of weaned piglets, and the appropriate level of TA supplementation would be from 0.1% to 0.2%.
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Nguyen TTH, Jung JH, Kim MK, Lim S, Choi JM, Chung B, Kim DW, Kim D. The Inhibitory Effects of Plant Derivate Polyphenols on the Main Protease of SARS Coronavirus 2 and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2021; 26:1924. [PMID: 33808054 PMCID: PMC8036510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) is a major protease having an important role in viral replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus that caused the pandemic of 2020. Here, active Mpro was obtained as a 34.5 kDa protein by overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The optimal pH and temperature of Mpro were 7.5 and 37 °C, respectively. Mpro displayed a Km value of 16 μM with Dabcyl-KTSAVLQ↓SGFRKME-Edans. Black garlic extract and 49 polyphenols were studied for their inhibitory effects on purified Mpro. The IC50 values were 137 μg/mL for black garlic extract and 9-197 μM for 15 polyphenols. The mixtures of tannic acid with puerarin, daidzein, and/or myricetin enhanced the inhibitory effects on Mpro. The structure-activity relationship of these polyphenols revealed that the hydroxyl group in C3', C4', C5' in the B-ring, C3 in the C-ring, C7 in A-ring, the double bond between C2 and C3 in the C-ring, and glycosylation at C8 in the A-ring contributed to inhibitory effects of flavonoids on Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen
- Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gang-won-do, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Engery Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-K.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Jae-Myoung Choi
- Ottogi Sesame Mills Co., Ltd., Eumseong-gun 27623, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (J.-M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Byoungsang Chung
- Ottogi Sesame Mills Co., Ltd., Eumseong-gun 27623, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (J.-M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Department of Physics, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Doman Kim
- Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gang-won-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Islam MS, Sana S, Haque ME, Rahman SM, Samad A, Al Noman A, Alam R, Rana S, Meem RI, Mondol D, Islam MS, Islam MT, Mazumder K. Methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Tragia involucrata L. leaves exhibit anxiolytic, sedative and analgesic activity in Swiss albino mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05814. [PMID: 33426350 PMCID: PMC7785955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tragia involucrata L. have been utilized as traditional medicine in Indian subcontinent for the treatment of numerous illnesses such as inflammation, pain and skin infection. In this current study we sought to assess the anxiolytic, sedative and analgesic activity of Tragia involucrata L. leaves extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first performed a phytochemical screening test of the leaves extracts following standard phytochemical screening protocols. We next examined the anxiolytic and sedative activity of crude methanol (TIME), ethyl acetate (TIEAE) and n-Hexane (TIHE) extract of Tragia involucrata L. leaves using mouse behavioral models such as elevated plus-maze test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test, respectively. Likewise, we evaluated the analgesic activity using acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin induced paw licking test. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of heavy metals content of Tragia involucrata L. leaves by overnight digestion in concentrated nitric acid (HNO3). RESULTS Phytochemical screening demonstrated that TIME, TIEAE and TIHE contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids and sterols. Administration of these extracts resulted in higher number of open arm entry, lower number of close arm entry and higher time spent in open arm compared to control treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, these treatments decreased the onset of sleep time and increased the duration of sleep compared to control treated mice (all p < 0.05). Likewise, extracts treated mice exhibited decreased number of writhing as well as lower acute phase and late phase duration compared to control treatment (all p < 0.05). The average level of As and Fe in Tragia involucrata L. leaves was 5.16 ± 0.012 ppm and 2.76 ± 0.015 ppm, respectively. CONCLUSION Results from this study support that Tragia involucrata L. leaves extracts exhibit an anxiolytic, sedative and analgesic activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shofiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Samiron Sana
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ehsanul Haque
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Mushiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rima Islam Meem
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Debashish Mondol
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shariful Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Biomedical Science, Charles Sturt University, NSW, 2678, Australia
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Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Rossi L. Review: Chestnut and quebracho tannins in pig nutrition: the effects on performance and intestinal health. Animal 2020; 15:100064. [PMID: 33516022 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts are frequently adopted as a valuable alternative to antibiotics in intensive animal farming. Their diverse bioactive constituents such as phytosterols, glucosinolates, carotenoids and polyphenols have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Tannins are the largest class of polyphenol compounds of plant extracts, which can be classified into two hydrolysable or condensed subgroups. Poultry and swine nutrition are the most important sectors in which tannins have been used, firstly adopting tannin-rich feedstuffs and more recently, using tannin extracts from different plants. Several commercial products are available containing tannins extracted from the European chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) and the American quebracho (Schinopsis spp.). Tannins extracted from these plants have been applied on intensive swine farms due to their ability to improve animal performance and health. These positive and prominent effects are frequently associated with the antinutritional effects in reducing feed palatability, digestibility and protein utilization of feed. Some criticisms and contrasting results regarding pig performance and intestinal health have been reported. This paper provides an overview of the effects of chestnut and quebracho tannins on growth performance and intestinal health of pigs in order to clarify the appropriate dosage and response in the various physiological stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Caprarulo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - C Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Center: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - L Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Luise D, Correa F, Bosi P, Trevisi P. A Review of the Effect of Formic Acid and Its Salts on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Performance of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E887. [PMID: 32438743 PMCID: PMC7278376 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of the alternatives to antibiotics and zinc oxide, organic acids, or simply acidifiers, play significant roles, especially in ensuring gut health and the growth performance of pigs. Regarding acidifiers, formic acid and its salts have shown very promising results in weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Although it is known that the main mechanisms by which acidifiers can improve livestock performance and health are related to the regulation of gastrointestinal pH, an improvement in intestinal digestibility and mineral utilization, and their antimicrobial properties against specific pathogens has been observed, while poor consensus remains in relation to the effect of acidifers on bacteria and the complex microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the effects of formic acid and its salts on the performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota balance of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (P.B.); (P.T.)
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GENÇ B, SALMAN M, BÖLÜKBAŞ B, KAYA İ, AÇICI M. The effects of fumaric and malic acids on the in vitro true digestibility of some alternative feedstuffs for ruminants. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.623821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu H, Wang S, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ji H. Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:120-126. [PMID: 36379222 PMCID: PMC6946981 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) ZPA017 as a probiotic on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. METHODS A total of 94 sows (Large White×Yorkshire, average 4.50 parities) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control diet and the diet supplemented with P. acidilactici ZPA017 (2.40×109 colony-forming unit/kg of diets). The study started at d 90 of gestation and conducted until d 28 of lactation. RESULTS Compared to sows fed the control diet, supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased the number of weaning piglets, weaning weight of litter and piglets, survival rate of piglets at weaning (p<0.05), and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets in lactation (p<0.05). Dietary P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased fecal Lactobacillus populations (p = 0.030) and reduced fecal Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Moreover, the supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and total protein (p<0.05), while decreased serum haptoglobin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. CONCLUSION Administration of P. acidilactici ZPA017 in diets during late gestation and lactation had positive effects on the reproductive performance, intestinal microflora balance and immunity of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
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Galassi G, Mason F, Rapetti L, Crovetto GM, Spanghero M. Digestibility and metabolic utilisation of diets containing chestnut tannins and their effects on growth and slaughter traits of heavy pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1570361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Galassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Mason
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Rapetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni M. Crovetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Spanghero
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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de Souza Silva PM, de Sousa RV, Simão AA, Cesar PHS, Trento MVC, Marcussi S. Protective effect of β-D-glucan and glutamine on the genomic instability induced by Cytarabine/Ara-C in BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:559-564. [PMID: 29852229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic antibiotics and growth promoters have been substituted, mainly for livestock, by immunomodulators and intestinal health promoters - such as β-D-glucans and glutamine. The aim of this study was to verify the beneficial effects of β-D-glucans and glutamine against Cytarabine/Ara-C, evaluating the DNA damage in leukocytes, the leukogram, and the mitotic index of intestinal crypts cells. Balb/C mice received treatment with β-D-glucan (80 mg/Kg), glutamine (150 mg/Kg), or both, for 21 days. On the last two days of this period, Ara-C was administered (1.8 mg/animal) by intraperitoneal injection every 12 h. The animals submitted to the treatment with Ara-C presented the highest genotoxic index, a significant leukopenia, and a decrease in the mitotic index of the intestinal crypts cells. Treatment with β-D-glucan protected the leukocytes against DNA fragmentation induced by Ara-C. Glutamine alone promoted maintenance of the mitotic index and, in association with β-Dglucan, reduced leukopenia. Thus, the use of β-D-glucan and glutamine proved to be beneficial to intestinal tropism. This can happen once the damage to the genetic material, prevented by the treatments with β-D-glucan and glutamine, can result in genotoxicity. Not only this, but it might be capable of turning into a mutagenesis, with consequential physiopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Mirian de Souza Silva
- Veterinarian Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Vicente de Sousa
- Veterinarian Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Assaid Simão
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
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14
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Huang Q, Liu X, Zhao G, Hu T, Wang Y. Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:137-150. [PMID: 30140753 PMCID: PMC6104569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring plant compounds including tannins, saponins and essential oils are extensively assessed as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant region and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, etc. Therefore, tannins are the major research subject in developing natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Strong protein affinity is the well-recognized property of plant tannins, which has successfully been applied to ruminant nutrition to decrease protein degradation in the rumen, and thereby improve protein utilization and animal production efficiency. Incorporations of tannin-containing forage in ruminant diets to control animal pasture bloat, intestinal parasite and pathogenic bacteria load are another 3 important applications of tannins in ruminant animals. Tannins have traditionally been regarded as "anti-nutritional factor" for monogastric animals and poultry, but recent researches have revealed some of them, when applied in appropriate manner, improved intestinal microbial ecosystem, enhanced gut health and hence increased productive performance. The applicability of plant tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics depends on many factors that contribute to the great variability in their observed efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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15
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Impact of black soldier fly larval meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, haematological and blood chemistry indices of guinea fowl starter keets under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1163-1169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Amdi C, Klarlund MV, Hales J, Thymann T, Hansen CF. Intrauterine growth-restricted piglets have similar gastric emptying rates but lower rectal temperatures and altered blood values when compared with normal-weight piglets at birth. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:4583-4590. [PMID: 27898951 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets have lower survival rates and are more likely to have empty stomachs 24 h after birth than normal piglets. Although hypoglycemia may result from low colostrum intake per se, it is not known if slow gastric emptying may be an additional risk factor for poor immunization and glucose absorption in IUGR piglets. It is estimated that IUGR piglets consume less colostrum per kilogram BW than normal-weight piglets within the first 24 h, which could be due to a slower gastric emptying rate and a compromised energy metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gastric emptying rate and blood glucose would be lower in IUGR piglets. We investigated gastric emptying rates in normal and IUGR piglets and blood glucose and rectal temperatures at birth and after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. In addition, blood parameters relevant for metabolism were studied. Forty-eight piglets (24 normal and 24 IUGR) were classified at birth as either normal or IUGR on the basis of head morphology. Piglets were removed from the sow at birth before suckling, and birth weight was recorded. Pooled porcine colostrum was tube-fed to all piglets at 12 mL/kg BW as soon as possible after birth (t = 0 min). The piglets were randomly allocated to be euthanized at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min (all groups, = 6) after bolus feeding, and the weights of the stomach and its residuals were recorded. There was no difference in gastric emptying rates between normal and IUGR piglets ( = 0.129); however, gastric DM residuals tended to by greater in IUGR piglets than normal piglets ( = 0.085). Overall, IUGR piglets had lower rectal temperatures (36.2°C ± 0.2°C vs. 37.5°C ± 0.2°C; < 0.001) and plasma glucose levels (2.8 ± 0.2 vs. 4.1 ± 0.2 mmol; < 0.001) than normal piglets. Interactions between piglet classification and time were observed in plasma values for NEFA, -3-hydroxybutyrate, albumin, aspartate, and alanine amino transferase, with greater levels in normal piglets at 15 min ( < 0.05) and 30 min for bile acid ( < 0.05) compared to IUGR piglets. In conclusion, the gastric emptying rates between normal and IUGR piglets were similar, but gastric DM residuals tended to be greater in IUGR piglets. Differences were observed in blood values and rectal temperatures, with lower values in IUGR piglets. Therefore, it is likely that factors like hypothermia and possibly reduced metabolic function are more important during the first hours after birth than gastric retention per se.
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17
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Khanyile M, Ndou SP, Chimonyo M. Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diet on serum biochemistry, carcass characteristics and internal organs of finishing pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary inclusion of tannin-rich leguminous leaf meals beyond threshold levels can impose toxicity and compromise welfare of pigs. The objective of the study was to determine the response of metabolites, carcass characteristics and internal organs of finishing pigs to Acacia tortilis leaf meal inclusion levels. Thirty Large White × Landrace pigs (61.6 ± 1.23 kg bodyweight) were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments, to give five replicates per treatment. The treatments contained 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/kg of A. tortilis leaf meal and were rendered iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous. An increase in A. tortilis inclusion was related to an initial increase and then a decrease in feed intake (P < 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of iron and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatases increased quadratically (P < 0.001) as A. tortilis leaf meal increased. There was a significant linear increase in alanine aminotransferase activity with leaf meal incremental level. Hepatosomatic index, scaled kidney weight and scaled heart weight increased linearly (P < 0.001) as A. tortilis increased. There was a quadratic increase in the relative weight of lungs (P < 0.001) as leaf meal increased. Although quadratic decreases (P < 0.01) in cold-dressed mass and dressing percentage were observed with incremental levels of A. tortilis leaf meal, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in backfat thickness. It was concluded that serum biochemistry, internal organs and carcass characteristics respond differently to increases in A. tortilis inclusion. The A. tortilis leaf meal can be supplemented in finishing pig diets at low levels before feed efficiency and carcass characteristics are negatively affected.
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Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbourethral gland size. Animal 2016; 11:1617-1625. [PMID: 28004617 PMCID: PMC5561437 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins have long been considered ‘anti-nutritional’ factors in monogastric nutrition,
shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that
compared with condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact
on growth performance, but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria.
This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of
entire male pigs (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a
group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of
group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to
three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three
finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from day 105 to
165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the
adipose tissue and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19 gene
expression in the liver was assessed. Compared with C, feed efficiency but not daily gain
and daily feed intake was lower (P<0.05) in T15 and T30 boars.
Except for the percentage carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended
(P<0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass
characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower
androstenone level, bulbourethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter
(P<0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level
was lower (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with
intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P<0.10) to be
lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ
between-treatment groups, but was negatively correlated (P<0.05)
with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level.
In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint
odour but not flavour was detected by the panellists in loins from T15 compared with loins
from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of
indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex
glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation.
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19
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Ndou S, Khanyile M, Chimonyo M. Growth performance and nutrition-related serum metabolites in growing pigs fed on Acacia Tortilis leaf meal. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Lee HJ, Choi IH, Kim DH, Amanullah SM, Kim SC. Nutritional characterization of tannin rich chestnut (Castanea) and its meal for pig. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1031779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of tannic acid when used as feed flavouring for all animal species. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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Khanyile M, Ndou S, Chimonyo M. Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets on growth performance of pigs. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Capcarova M, Kalafova A, Hrncar C, Kopecky J, Weis J. Comparative analysis of acetic and citric acid on internal milieu of broiler chickens. POTRAVINARSTVO 2014. [DOI: 10.5219/379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of two organic acids (acetic and citric acid) inclusion on serum parameters and the level of antioxidant status of broiler chickens. Some organic acidifiers reduce the growth of many intestinal bacteria, reduce intestinal colonisation and reduce infectious processes, decrease inflammatory processes at the intestinal mucosa, increase villus height and function of secretion, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Broiler chickens hybrid Ross 308 (n=180) were divided into 3 groups: one control (C) and two experimental groups (E1, E2). Experimental animals received acetic and citric acid per os in water in single dose 0.25% for 42 days. After 42 days of feeding blood samples were collected (n=10 in each group). Significant decrease of serum triglycerides in citric acid group when compared with the control group was recorded. Acetic acid administration resulted in increased sodium level. Significant increase of albumin content in both experimental groups and increase of bilirubin content in citric group was recorded. Acids administration had no significant effect on other serum and antioxidant parameters. Acetic and citric acid had no harmful influenced on internal milieu of broiler chickens. The research on the field of organic acid will be worthy of further investigation.
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Forage plants as an alternative feed resource for sustainable pig production in the tropics: a review. Animal 2014; 8:1298-311. [PMID: 24673804 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, pressure on concentrate feed resources is increasing, especially in the tropics where many countries are net importers of food. Forage plants are a possible alternative, but their use as feed ingredients for pigs raises several issues related to their higher fibre and plant secondary metabolites contents as well as their lower nutritive value. In this paper, the nutritive value of several forage species and the parameters that influence this nutritive value in relationship to the plant family, the physiological stage, the plant part and the preservation method (fresh, hay and silage) are reviewed. The influence of the breed and the physiological status of the animal on animal voluntary intake of fibre-rich ingredients, digestibility as related to gastrointestinal volume and transit time and growth performances are also discussed. The final section highlights the advantages and drawbacks of forage plants in pig diets and stresses the need for proper economic evaluation to conclude on the benefits of the use of forage plants in pig feed.
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Blood antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX), biochemical and haematological parameters in pigs naturally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 16:369-76. [PMID: 23971206 DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has become one of the most economically important diseases for the swine industry worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine selected blood antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), biochemical and haematological parameters in PRRS positive and negative pigs of three different categories, mainly to test oxidative stress hypothesis in pigs naturally infected with PRRS virus. Ninety PRRS positive and 90 PRRS negative pigs were included in the study. The presence of PRRS was confirmed by serological detection of antibodies against PRRS virus (PRRSV) and detection of PRRS viral RNA by RT-PCR. Pigs were further divided into three groups of 30: piglets just before weaning (weaners), fatteners and finishers. Blood samples for determining selected blood parameters were collected from the vena cava cranialis. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher activities of SOD in weaners and fatteners and of GPX in weaners were determined in PRRS positive pigs than in corresponding groups of PRRS negative pigs. In contrast, significantly (P < 0.05) lower GPX activity was observed in finishers of PRRS positive pigs than in the corresponding group of PRRS negative pigs. Concentrations of serum total protein in PRRS positive weaners and fatteners were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those found in PRRS negative pigs. Leukopenia was observed in all three groups of PRRS positive pigs. It has been demonstrated, for the first time, that oxidative stress might be increased in PRRSV naturally infected pigs, especially in weaners.
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Wang HF, Gao K, Wang C, Zhang WM, Liu JX. Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.845244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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