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Jiwaganont P, Roytrakul S, Thaisakun S, Sukumolanan P, Petchdee S. Investigation of coagulation and proteomics profiles in symptomatic feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and healthy control cats. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:292. [PMID: 38970022 PMCID: PMC11225243 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a crucial heart disease in cats. The clinical manifestations of HCM comprise pulmonary edema, dyspnea, syncope, arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and sudden cardiac death. D-dimer and prothrombin time (PT) are powerful biomarkers used to assess coagulation function. Dysregulation in these two biomarkers may be associated with HCM in cats. This study aims to assess D-dimer levels, PT, and proteomic profiling in healthy cats in comparison to cats with symptomatic HCM. RESULTS Twenty-nine client-owned cats with HCM were enrolled, including 15 healthy control and 14 symptomatic HCM cats. The D-dimer concentration and PT were examined. Proteomic analysis was conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In symptomatic cats, D-dimer levels were statistically significantly higher (mean ± SEM: 372.19 ng/ml ± 58.28) than in healthy cats (mean ± SEM: 208.54 ng/ml ± 10.92) with P-value of less than 0.01, while PT was statistically significantly lower in symptomatic cats (mean ± SEM: 9.8 s ± 0.15) compared to healthy cats (mean ± SEM: 11.08 s ± 0.23) with P-value of less than 0.0001. The proteomics analysis revealed upregulation of integrin subunit alpha M (ITGAM), elongin B (ELOB), and fibrillin 2 (FBN2) and downregulation of zinc finger protein 316 (ZNF316) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8 (ENTPD8) in symptomatic HCM cats. In addition, protein-drug interaction analysis identified the Ras signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cats with symptomatic HCM have higher D-dimer and lower PT than healthy cats. Proteomic profiles may be used as potential biomarkers for the detection and management of HCM in cats. The use of D-dimer as a biomarker for HCM detection and the use of proteomic profiling for a better understanding of disease mechanisms remain to be further studied in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palin Jiwaganont
- Graduate School, Veterinary Clinical Studies Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pratch Sukumolanan
- Graduate School, Veterinary Clinical Studies Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
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Stern JA, Rivas VN, Kaplan JL, Ueda Y, Oldach MS, Ontiveros ES, Kooiker KB, van Dijk SJ, Harris SP. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in purpose-bred cats with the A31P mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein-C. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10319. [PMID: 37365215 PMCID: PMC10293195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to establish a large animal model of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with sufficient disease severity and early penetrance for identification of novel therapeutic strategies. HCM is the most common inherited cardiac disorder affecting 1 in 250-500 people, yet few therapies for its treatment or prevention are available. A research colony of purpose-bred cats carrying the A31P mutation in MYBPC3 was founded using sperm from a single heterozygous male cat. Cardiac function in four generations was assessed by periodic echocardiography and measurement of blood biomarkers. Results showed that HCM penetrance was age-dependent, and that penetrance occurred earlier and was more severe in successive generations, especially in homozygotes. Homozygosity was also associated with progression from preclinical to clinical disease. A31P homozygous cats represent a heritable model of HCM with early disease penetrance and a severe phenotype necessary for interventional studies aimed at altering disease progression. The occurrence of a more severe phenotype in later generations of cats, and the occasional occurrence of HCM in wildtype cats suggests the presence of at least one gene modifier or a second causal variant in this research colony that exacerbates the HCM phenotype when inherited in combination with the A31P mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Joanna L Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Maureen S Oldach
- VCA Sacramento Veterinary Referral Center, 9801 Old Winery Place, Sacramento, CA, 95827, USA
| | - Eric S Ontiveros
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, 7910 Frost Street, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Kristina B Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - Sabine J van Dijk
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, 313 Medical Research Building, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Demeekul K, Sukumolanan P, Panprom C, Thaisakun S, Roytrakul S, Petchdee S. Echocardiography and MALDI-TOF Identification of Myosin-Binding Protein C3 A74T Gene Mutations Involved Healthy and Mutated Bengal Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141782. [PMID: 35883329 PMCID: PMC9312240 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the potential peptide candidates and expected proteins associated with MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations in Bengal cats and determine if peptidome profiles differ between healthy controls and cats with MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations. All animals were evaluated using echocardiography. DNA was isolated and followed by the screening test of MYBPC3 gene mutation. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was conducted for analyzing the targeted peptide and protein patterns. The expected protein candidates were searched for within the NCBI database. Our results demonstrated that the MYBPC3-A74T gene mutation was dominant in Bengal cats but not in domestic shorthair cats. Correlations between baseline characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were discovered in Bengal cats. Mass spectrometry profiles of the candidate proteins were suspected to accompany the cat with the MYBPC3-A74T gene mutation, involving integral protein–membrane, organization of nucleus, DNA replication, and ATP-binding protein. Therefore, MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations occur frequently in Bengal cat populations. The high incidence of homozygotes for the mutation supports the causal nature of the MYBPC3-A74T mutation. In addition, peptidomics analysis was established for the first time under this condition to promise a complementary technique for the future clinical diagnosis of the MYBPC3-A74T mutation associated with physiological variables and cardiac morphology in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Demeekul
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Pratch Sukumolanan
- Veterinary Clinical Studies Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Chattida Panprom
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-34-351-901-3
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Anderson H, Davison S, Lytle KM, Honkanen L, Freyer J, Mathlin J, Kyöstilä K, Inman L, Louviere A, Chodroff Foran R, Forman OP, Lohi H, Donner J. Genetic epidemiology of blood type, disease and trait variants, and genome-wide genetic diversity in over 11,000 domestic cats. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009804. [PMID: 35709088 PMCID: PMC9202916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the largest DNA-based study of domestic cats to date, 11,036 individuals (10,419 pedigreed cats and 617 non-pedigreed cats) were genotyped via commercial panel testing elucidating the distribution and frequency of known disease, blood type, and physical trait associated genetic variants across cat breeds. This study provides allele frequencies for many disease-associated variants for the first time and provides updates on previously reported information with evidence suggesting that DNA testing has been effectively used to reduce disease associated variants within certain pedigreed cat populations over time. We identified 13 disease-associated variants in 47 breeds or breed types in which the variant had not previously been documented, highlighting the relevance of comprehensive genetic screening across breeds. Three disease-associated variants were discovered in non-pedigreed cats only. To investigate the causality of nine disease-associated variants in cats of different breed backgrounds our veterinarians conducted owner interviews, reviewed clinical records, and invited cats to have follow-up clinical examinations. Additionally, genetic variants determining blood types A, B and AB, which are relevant clinically and in cat breeding, were genotyped. Appearance-associated genetic variation in all cats is also discussed. Lastly, genome-wide SNP heterozygosity levels were calculated to obtain a comparable measure of the genetic diversity in different cat breeds. This study represents the first comprehensive exploration of informative Mendelian variants in felines by screening over 10,000 pedigreed cats. The results qualitatively contribute to the understanding of feline variant heritage and genetic diversity and demonstrate the clinical utility and importance of such information in supporting breeding programs and the research community. The work also highlights the crucial commitment of pedigreed cat breeders and registries in supporting the establishment of large genomic databases, that when combined with phenotype information can advance scientific understanding and provide insights that can be applied to improve the health and welfare of cats. Domestic cats are one of the world’s most popular companion animals, of which pedigreed cats represent small unique subpopulations. Genetic research on pedigreed cats has facilitated discoveries of heritable conditions resulting in the availability of DNA testing for studying and managing inherited disorders and traits in specific cat breeds. We have explored an extensive study cohort of 11,036 domestic cat samples representing pedigreed cats of 90 breeds and breed types. This work provided insight into the heritage of feline disease and trait alleles. We gained knowledge on the most common and relevant genetic markers for inherited disorders and physical traits, and the genetic determinants of the clinically relevant AB blood group system. We also used a measure of genetic diversity to compare inbreeding levels within and between breeds. This information can help support sustainable breeding goals within the cat fancy. Direct-to-consumer genetic tests help to raise awareness of various inherited single gene conditions in cats and provide information that owners can share with their veterinarians. In due course, ventures of this type will enable the genetics of common complex feline disease to be deciphered, paving the way for precision healthcare with the potential to ultimately improve welfare for all cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Anderson
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen Davison
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Lytle
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Leena Honkanen
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jamie Freyer
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Julia Mathlin
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kaisa Kyöstilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Inman
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Annette Louviere
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Chodroff Foran
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Oliver P. Forman
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Donner
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Sukumolanan P, Demeekul K, Petchdee S. Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Coupled With a Lateral Flow Dipstick Test for Detection of Myosin Binding Protein C3 A31P Mutation in Maine Coon Cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:819694. [PMID: 35321056 PMCID: PMC8936810 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.819694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myosin-binding protein C3 A31P (MYBPC3-A31P) missense mutation is a genetic deviation associated with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Maine Coon cats. The standard detection of the MYBPC3-A31P mutation is complicated, time-consuming, and expensive. Currently, there has been a focus on the speed and reliability of diagnostic tools. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) test to detect MYBPC3-A31P mutations in Maine Coon cats. Materials and Methods Fifty-five Maine Coon cats were enrolled in this study, and blood samples were collected. MYBPC3-A31P was genotyped by DNA sequencing. Primers for LAMP with a LFD test were designed. The optimal conditions were determined, including temperature and time to completion for the reaction. The sensitivity of A31P-LAMP detection was compared between agarose gel electrophoresis (the standard method) and the LFD test. The A31P-LAMP-LFD test was randomly performed on seven cats (four with the A31P mutation and three wild-type cats). Results The A31P-LAMP procedure was able to distinguish between cats with MYBPC3-A31P wild-type cats and MYBPC3-A31P mutant cats. The LAMP reactions were able to be completed in 60 min at a single temperature of 64◦C. Moreover, this study demonstrated that A31P-LAMP coupled with the LFD test allowed for A31P genotype detection at a lower DNA concentration than agarose gel electrophoresis. Discussions This new A31P-LAMP with a LFD test is a successful and reliable assay with a rapid method, cost-effectiveness, and low requirements for sophisticated equipment for the detection of MYBPC3-A31P mutations. Thus, this assay has excellent potential and can be recognized as a novel screening test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with MYBPC3-A31P mutations in felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratch Sukumolanan
- Program of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Demeekul
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Soontaree Petchdee
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Sukumolanan P, Petchdee S. Prevalence of cardiac myosin-binding protein C3 mutations in Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet World 2022; 15:502-508. [PMID: 35400937 PMCID: PMC8980380 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.502-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart problem that affects many cats. Although cats with HCM are symptomatic, some die suddenly or develop congestive heart failure. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of myosin-binding protein C3 (MYBPC3), A31P, and A74T polymorphisms in Maine Coon cats to assess risk factors for diagnosing HCM in cats. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine Maine Coon cats of at least 10 months of age were enrolled in this study. First, clinical parameters, such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and echocardiography, were evaluated. Then, polymerase chain reaction, followed by DNA sequencing, was conducted using specific primers for amino acid substitutions caused by genetic variants of MYBPC3-A31P and -A74T polymorphisms. Results: Investigations showed that the prevalence of MYBPC3-A31P and -A74T mutations in this study was 16.33% and 24.45%, respectively. Moreover, HCM in cats with MYBPC3-A31P and A74T mutations increased with age, body weight, high heart rate, and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time. Conclusion: Therefore, we propose that Maine Coon cats develop HCM due to multiple genetic factors and underlying clinical characteristics in individual cats. Furthermore, relaxation time assessments can be a sensitive technique for HCM screening during its preclinical phase and can help identify the risk of developing HCM. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of MYBPC3 mutations on the phenotypic expression of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratch Sukumolanan
- Veterinary Clinical Studies Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakorn Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakorn Pathom, 73140, Thailand
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Demeekul K, Sukumolanan P, Bootcha R, Panprom C, Petchdee S. A Cardiac Protection of Germinated Brown Rice During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery and Simulated Myocardial Ischemia. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3307-3319. [PMID: 34290516 PMCID: PMC8289443 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s321241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The potential cardio-protective property of germinated brown rice (GBR) has been revealed by ameliorating risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases. This study hypothesized that the combination of GBR and cardioplegic solution could protect the cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemic reperfusion injury in vitro study and preserve cardiac function during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in animal models. Methods Primary porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated and experimented cell viability against simulated ischemic reperfusion injury. In a cardiac surgical animal model, six pigs were randomly assigned to receive the two types of cardioplegic solution: i) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution (20 cc/kg); and ii) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution plus GBR (1 mg/kg). During open-heart surgery, the aorta was cross-clamped for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 1 hour. Cardiopulmonary bypass parameters were recorded until the end of the procedure. Furthermore, hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas characteristics of animals among groups were monitored at different time points, including baseline before cardiopulmonary bypass (T1), during cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), during aortic clamp on (T3), and aortic clamp off (T4). Results Primarily, GBR cotreatment with cardioplegic solution essentially resulted in the improvement of cell viability in primary porcine cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemic reperfusion induction. The findings from cardiac surgery demonstrated that mean arterial pressure and heart rate are constantly stable in cardioplegic solution combined with the GBR group, while the trend of potassium and lactase concentration was decreased in the animals receiving GBR group. Consistently, all parameters from arterial blood gas showed better outcomes in animals receiving GBR; however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups, except hepatic enzymes. Conclusion Therefore, GBR might exert cardio-protective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury in the porcine cardiac surgery model due to anti-inflammatory response. These protective actions of GBR may explain the benefits gained from applying GBR products as a possible therapeutic supplement on cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Demeekul
- Graduate School, Program of Bio-Veterinary Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pratch Sukumolanan
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ratikorn Bootcha
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chattida Panprom
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, KamphaengSaen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
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Gil-Ortuño C, Sebastián-Marcos P, Sabater-Molina M, Nicolas-Rocamora E, Gimeno-Blanes JR, Fernández Del Palacio MJ. Genetics of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Genet 2020; 98:203-214. [PMID: 32215921 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by an abnormal increase in myocardial mass that affects cardiac structure and function. HCM is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease in humans (0.2%) and the most common cardiovascular disease in cats (14.7%). Feline HCM phenotype is very similar to the phenotype found in humans, but the time frame for the development of the disease is significantly shorter. Similar therapeutic agents are used in its treatment and it has the same complications, such as heart failure, thromboembolism and sudden cardiac death. In contrast to humans, in whom thousands of genetic variants have been identified, genetic studies in cats have been limited to fragment analysis of two sarcomeric genes identifying two variants in MYBPC3 and one in MYH7. Two of these variants have also been associated with human disease. The high prevalence of the reported variants in non-affected cats hinders the assumption of their pathogenicity in heterozygotes. An in-depth review of the literature about genetic studies on feline HCM in comparison with the same disease in humans is presented here. The close similarity in the phenotype and genotype between cats and humans makes the cat an excellent model for the pathophysiological study of the disease and future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gil-Ortuño
- Cardiogenetic Laboratory, Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit, IMIB University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Sabater-Molina
- Cardiogenetic Laboratory, Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit, IMIB University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Nicolas-Rocamora
- Cardiogenetic Laboratory, Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit, IMIB University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan R Gimeno-Blanes
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Ontiveros ES, Ueda Y, Harris SP, Stern JA. Precision medicine validation: identifying the MYBPC3 A31P variant with whole-genome sequencing in two Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:1086-1093. [PMID: 30558461 PMCID: PMC10814263 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a proof-of-concept experiment that validates a precision medicine approach to identify variants associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that whole-genome sequencing would identify variant(s) associated with HCM in two affected Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. METHODS Two affected and two control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats had whole-genome sequencing performed at approximately × 30 coverage. Variants were called in these four cats and 77 cats of various breeds as part of the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Initiative ( http://felinegenetics.missouri.edu/99lives ) using Platypus v0.7.9.1, annotated with dbSNP ID, and variants' effect predicted by SnpEff. Strict filtering criteria (alternate allele frequency >49%) were applied to identify homozygous-alternate or heterozygous variants in the two HCM-affected samples when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. RESULTS A total of four variants were identified in the two Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats with HCM when compared with 79 controls after strict filtering. Three of the variants identified in genes MFSD12, BTN1A1 and SLITRK5 did not segregate with disease in a separate cohort of seven HCM-affected and five control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats. The remaining variant MYBPC3 segregated with disease status. Furthermore, this gene was previously associated with heart disease and encodes for a protein with sarcomeric function. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This proof-of-concept experiment identified the previously reported MYBPC3 A31P Maine Coon variant in two HCM-affected cases. This result validates and highlights the power of whole-genome sequencing for feline precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Spalla I, Boswood A, Connolly DJ, Luis Fuentes V. Speckle tracking echocardiography in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1232-1241. [PMID: 30993757 PMCID: PMC6524080 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have decreased left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation detected by mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and speckle tracking echocardiography. People with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV longitudinal and radial strain (S) and strain rate (SR), with preserved circumferential S and SR. Hypothesis/Objectives Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV deformation compared to normal cats. Animals Seventy‐three client‐owned cats with (n = 37) and without (n = 36) preclinical HCM. Methods Retrospective echocardiographic study. Left and right ventricular longitudinal S and SR, LV radial and circumferential S and SR were calculated by STE. Left ventricular mass was also calculated. Correlation between STE variables and LV hypertrophy was determined and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for prediction of HCM. Results Cats with HCM had smaller absolute longitudinal S (−14.8 ± 3.3% vs −19.7 ± 2.7%, P < .001), longitudinal SR (−2.36 ± 0.62 vs −2.95 ± 0.68 second−1, P < .001), radial S (46.2 ± 21.3% vs 66.7 ± 17.6%, P < .001), and radial SR (5.60 ± 2.08 vs 6.67 ± 1.8 second−1, P < .001) compared to healthy controls. No difference was observed for circumferential S and SR. Cats with HCM had greater LV mass (13.2 ± 3.7 g vs 8.6 ± 2.7 g, P < .001). The ROC with the greatest area under the curve (AUC) for the identification of HCM (0.974) was plotted from a logistic regression equation combining LV mass, MAPSE at the free wall, and LV internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd). Conclusions and clinical importance Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased long axis and radial deformation. Decreased longitudinal deformation and decreased LVIDd are factors that would support a diagnosis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Spalla
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Boswood
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J Connolly
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Stern JA, Ueda Y. Inherited cardiomyopathies in veterinary medicine. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:745-753. [PMID: 30284024 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Comparative and translation medicine is of particular value within the field of inherited cardiomyopathies. Despite massive advances in understanding the functional role of mutations in human cardiomyopathies, these advances have frequently failed to translate into medical discoveries that alter patient care. One potential explanation for this failure lies in the lack of suitable translational models that adequately recapitulate human cardiovascular physiology and disease expression. The vast genetic heterogeneity that complicates human cardiomyopathy research is potentially alleviated through the study of naturally occurring large animal models of disease, where incredibly homogenous populations, like those seen in a single breed of dog or cat, may exist (Kol et al., Sci Transl Med 7:308-321, 2015; Ueda and Stern, Yale J Biol Med 90:433-448, 2017). Veterinary medicine is in a unique position to provide research resources and information that may be readily applied to human disease (Kol et al., Sci Transl Med 7:308-321, 2015). Many inherited cardiomyopathies of humans are phenotypically and genotypically similar in veterinary species and ongoing research holds promise for aiding veterinary and human patients alike (Basso et al., Circulation 109:1180-1185, 2004; Fox et al., Cardiovasc Pathol 23:28-34, 2014; Fox et al., Circulation 102:1863-1870, 2000; Kittleson et al., J Vet Cardiol 17 Suppl 1:S53-73, 2015; Ueda and Stern, Yale J Biol Med 90:433-448, 2017). This article presents the current knowledge of inherited cardiomyopathies in dogs, cats, and non-human primates, with a goal of identifying areas of translational research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Fox PR, Keene BW, Lamb K, Schober KA, Chetboul V, Luis Fuentes V, Wess G, Payne JR, Hogan DF, Motsinger-Reif A, Häggström J, Trehiou-Sechi E, Fine-Ferreira DM, Nakamura RK, Lee PM, Singh MK, Ware WA, Abbott JA, Culshaw G, Riesen S, Borgarelli M, Lesser MB, Van Israël N, Côté E, Rush JE, Bulmer B, Santilli RA, Vollmar AC, Bossbaly MJ, Quick N, Bussadori C, Bright JM, Estrada AH, Ohad DG, Fernández-Del Palacio MJ, Lunney Brayley J, Schwartz DS, Bové CM, Gordon SG, Jung SW, Brambilla P, Moïse NS, Stauthammer CD, Stepien RL, Quintavalla C, Amberger C, Manczur F, Hung YW, Lobetti R, De Swarte M, Tamborini A, Mooney CT, Oyama MA, Komolov A, Fujii Y, Pariaut R, Uechi M, Tachika Ohara VY. International collaborative study to assess cardiovascular risk and evaluate long-term health in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apparently healthy cats: The REVEAL Study. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:930-943. [PMID: 29660848 PMCID: PMC5980443 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most prevalent heart disorder in cats and principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Yet, the impact of preclinical disease is unresolved. Hypothesis/Objectives Observational study to characterize cardiovascular morbidity and survival in cats with preclinical nonobstructive (HCM) and obstructive (HOCM) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in apparently healthy cats (AH). Animals One thousand seven hundred and thirty client‐owned cats (430 preclinical HCM; 578 preclinical HOCM; 722 AH). Methods Retrospective multicenter, longitudinal, cohort study. Cats from 21 countries were followed through medical record review and owner or referring veterinarian interviews. Data were analyzed to compare long‐term outcomes, incidence, and risk for congestive heart failure (CHF), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and cardiovascular death. Results During the study period, CHF, ATE, or both occurred in 30.5% and cardiovascular death in 27.9% of 1008 HCM/HOCM cats. Risk assessed at 1, 5, and 10 years after study entry was 7.0%/3.5%, 19.9%/9.7%, and 23.9%/11.3% for CHF/ATE, and 6.7%, 22.8%, and 28.3% for cardiovascular death, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between HOCM compared with HCM for cardiovascular morbidity or mortality, time from diagnosis to development of morbidity, or cardiovascular survival. Cats that developed cardiovascular morbidity had short survival (mean ± standard deviation, 1.3 ± 1.7 years). Overall, prolonged longevity was recorded in a minority of preclinical HCM/HOCM cats with 10% reaching 9‐15 years. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Preclinical HCM/HOCM is a global health problem of cats that carries substantial risk for CHF, ATE, and cardiovascular death. This finding underscores the need to identify therapies and monitoring strategies that decrease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Fox
- Department of Cardiology and Caspary Research Institute, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Bruce W Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | | | - Karsten A Schober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Valerie Chetboul
- Alfort Cardiology Unit, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Virginia Luis Fuentes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Wess
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessie Rose Payne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Hogan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilie Trehiou-Sechi
- Alfort Cardiology Unit, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Deborah M Fine-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Reid K Nakamura
- Advanced Veterinary Care Center, Lawndale, California, U.S.A
| | - Pamela M Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Caspary Research Institute, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Manreet K Singh
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Wendy A Ware
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan A Abbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Geoffrey Culshaw
- Royal (Dick) SVS Hospital for Small Animals, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Riesen
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Borgarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Etienne Côté
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - John E Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Barret Bulmer
- Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment & Specialties, Walpole, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Nadine Quick
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudio Bussadori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Janice M Bright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Amara H Estrada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dan G Ohad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Denise S Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina M Bové
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Seung Woo Jung
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Paola Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Sydney Moïse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A
| | | | - Rebecca L Stepien
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Ferenc Manczur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Remo Lobetti
- Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Bryanston, South Africa
| | - Marie De Swarte
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice Tamborini
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmel T Mooney
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A Oyama
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | | | - Yoko Fujii
- Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Romain Pariaut
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Masami Uechi
- Jasmine Animal Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Victoria Yukie Tachika Ohara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Zootechnics for Small Species, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Ueda Y, Stern JA. A One Health Approach to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:433-448. [PMID: 28955182 PMCID: PMC5612186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease in humans and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Research over the past 25 years has contributed enormous insight into this inherited disease particularly in the areas of genetics, molecular mechanisms, and pathophysiology. Our understanding continues to be limited by the heterogeneity of clinical presentations with various genetic mutations associated with HCM. Transgenic mouse models have been utilized especially studying the genotypic and phenotypic interactions. However, mice possess intrinsic cardiac and hemodynamic differences compared to humans and have limitations preventing their direct translation. Other animal models of HCM have been studied or generated in part to overcome these limitations. HCM in cats shows strikingly similar molecular, histopathological, and genetic similarities to human HCM, and offers an important translational opportunity for the study of this disease. Recently, inherited left ventricular hypertrophy in rhesus macaques was identified and collaborative investigations have been conducted to begin to develop a non-human primate HCM model. These naturally-occurring large-animal models may aid in advancing our understanding of HCM and developing novel therapeutic approaches to this disease. This review will highlight the features of HCM in humans and the relevant available and developing animal models of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA,California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Joshua A. Stern, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, Tel: 530-752-2475, .
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14
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Sugimoto K, Fujii Y, Ogura Y, Sunahara H, Aoki T. Influence of alterations in heart rate on left ventricular echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:841-845. [PMID: 27502088 PMCID: PMC11104112 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16661374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sudden alterations in heart rate (HR) on left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and dimensions determined by echocardiography in healthy cats. Methods Six experimental cats were used. All cats were anaesthetised and HR was controlled with right atrial pacing. The interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall thickness at end diastole (IVSd and LVFWd, respectively), left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter (LVIDd and LVIDs, respectively) and shortening fraction (FS) of each cat were assessed using echocardiography at pacing rates of 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 ppm. Results There were significant relationships between HR and IVSd, LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs and FS. As the HR increased, LV wall thickness increased and chamber dimensions got smaller in a linear fashion. The maximum and minimum differences in wall thickness between 120 ppm and 180 ppm were 2.0 mm and 0.7 mm in single measurements, respectively. Conclusions and relevance LV wall thickness and dimensions were significantly influenced by alterations in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Ogura
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunahara
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Viricel A, Rosel PE. Looking into a whale's heart: investigating a genetic basis for cardiomyopathy in a non-model species. Genome 2017; 60:695-705. [PMID: 28654758 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of complex diseases can benefit from multi-species comparative studies. Yet these studies rarely include natural populations of non-model species. Here, we focused on the cause of a heart muscle disease, cardiomyopathy (CM), affecting multiple mammalian species including humans, cats, dogs, and certain species of whales. Mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins have been identified as a leading cause for CM in humans, and some were also revealed to be responsible for CM in cats. We investigated whether similar mutations could be detected in the deep-diving pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps), which is one of two cetacean species known to display CM. We sequenced portions of two candidate genes (MYH7: 3153 bp and MYBPC3: 3019 bp) in 55 whales including affected and unaffected individuals. Mutation screening revealed six nonsynonymous substitutions that were predicted to have an effect on protein function. However, the etiology of CM is likely complex and probably multi-factorial as three of these mutations were observed in unaffected individuals from our control group. This incomplete penetrance could be partly age-related and could also be due to the influence of environmental factors on the development of CM, as seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Viricel
- a Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 300 E. St. Mary Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.,b National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 646 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA.,c Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Patricia E Rosel
- b National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 646 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
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16
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The genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats and humans. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S53-73. [PMID: 26776594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode for muscle sarcomeric proteins have been identified in humans and two breeds of domestic cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This article reviews the history, genetics, and pathogenesis of HCM in the two species in order to give veterinarians a perspective on the genetics of HCM. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in people is a genetic disease that has been called a disease of the sarcomere because the preponderance of mutations identified that cause HCM are in genes that encode for sarcomeric proteins (Maron and Maron, 2013). Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of muscle and thus sarcomeric proteins are responsible for the strength, speed, and extent of muscle contraction. In people with HCM, the two most common genes affected by HCM mutations are the myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), the gene that encodes for the motor protein β-myosin heavy chain (the sarcomeric protein that splits ATP to generate force), and the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene (MYBPC3), a gene that encodes for the closely related structural and regulatory protein, cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). To date, the two mutations linked to HCM in domestic cats (one each in Maine Coon and Ragdoll breeds) also occur in MYBPC3 (Meurs et al., 2005, 2007). This is a review of the genetics of HCM in both humans and domestic cats that focuses on the aspects of human genetics that are germane to veterinarians and on all aspects of feline HCM genetics.
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17
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van Dijk SJ, Bezold Kooiker K, Mazzalupo S, Yang Y, Kostyukova AS, Mustacich DJ, Hoye ER, Stern JA, Kittleson MD, Harris SP. The A31P missense mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein C alters protein structure but does not cause haploinsufficiency. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:133-40. [PMID: 26777460 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in MYBPC3, the gene encoding cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C), are a major cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). While most mutations encode premature stop codons, missense mutations causing single amino acid substitutions are also common. Here we investigated effects of a single proline for alanine substitution at amino acid 31 (A31P) in the C0 domain of cMyBP-C, which was identified as a natural cause of HCM in cats. Results using recombinant proteins showed that the mutation disrupted C0 structure, altered sensitivity to trypsin digestion, and reduced recognition by an antibody that preferentially recognizes N-terminal domains of cMyBP-C. Western blots detecting A31P cMyBP-C in myocardium of cats heterozygous for the mutation showed a reduced amount of A31P mutant protein relative to wild-type cMyBP-C, but the total amount of cMyBP-C was not different in myocardium from cats with or without the A31P mutation indicating altered rates of synthesis/degradation of A31P cMyBP-C. Also, the mutant A31P cMyBP-C was properly localized in cardiac sarcomeres. These results indicate that reduced protein expression (haploinsufficiency) cannot account for effects of the A31P cMyBP-C mutation and instead suggest that the A31P mutation causes HCM through a poison polypeptide mechanism that disrupts cMyBP-C or myocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine J van Dijk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Kristina Bezold Kooiker
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Mazzalupo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alla S Kostyukova
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Debbie J Mustacich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elaine R Hoye
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark D Kittleson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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18
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Maron BJ, Fox PR. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in man and cats. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S6-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Genotype–phenotype correlation between the cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation A31P and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a cohort of Maine Coon cats: a longitudinal study. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S268-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Ultrastructural myocardial changes in seven cats with spontaneous hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S220-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Christiansen LB, Dela F, Koch J, Hansen CN, Leifsson PS, Yokota T. Impaired cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1237-47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00727.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important players in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, but their roles in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain unknown. We examined whether mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity was impaired with enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in HCM. Cardiac and skeletal muscles were obtained from 9 domestic cats with spontaneously occurring HCM with preserved left ventricular systolic function and from 15 age-matched control cats. Mitochondrial OXPHOS capacities with nonfatty acid and fatty acid substrates in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were assessed using high-resolution respirometry. ROS release originating from isolated mitochondria was assessed by spectrofluorometry. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were also measured as a marker of oxidative damage. Mitochondrial ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration with complex I-linked nonfatty acid substrates and with fatty acid substrates, respectively, was significantly lower in the hearts of HCM cats compared with control cats. Mitochondrial ROS release during state 3 with complex I-linked substrates and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the heart were significantly increased in cats with HCM. In contrast, there were no significant differences in mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial ROS release, and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle between groups. Mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity with both nonfatty acid substrates and fatty acid substrates was impaired with increased mitochondrial ROS release in the feline HCM heart. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of HCM and support the hypothesis that restoration of the redox state in the mitochondria is beneficial in the treatment of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte B. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jørgen Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina N. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Pall S. Leifsson
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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Casamian-Sorrosal D, Chong SK, Fonfara S, Helps C. Prevalence and demographics of the MYBPC3-mutations in ragdolls and Maine coons in the British Isles. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:269-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Casamian-Sorrosal
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit; Langford Veterinary Services and School of Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU
| | - S. K. Chong
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit; Langford Veterinary Services and School of Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU
| | - S. Fonfara
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit; Langford Veterinary Services and School of Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU
| | - C. Helps
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit; Langford Veterinary Services and School of Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU
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Granström S, Godiksen MTN, Christiansen M, Pipper CB, Willesen JL, Willesen JT, Koch J. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a cohort of British Shorthair cats in Denmark. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:866-71. [PMID: 21736622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been described previously in British Shorthair cats (BSH), but until now, no reports have been published describing the prevalence of the disease within this breed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HCM in a large cohort of BSH and to evaluate the effect of sex, weight, and increasing age as potential risk factors for this disease. ANIMALS Three hundred and twenty-nine BSH presented for routine HCM screening during a 4-year period. METHODS Prospective cross-sectional study in which all cats were screened for HCM by conventional echocardiography. RESULTS A total of 329 cats were examined, 214 females and 115 males, with a median age of 2.3 years (range, 0.8-14.1). Twenty-eight cats (8.5%) were classified as HCM-positive, 14 (4.3%) as equivocal, 282 (85.7%) as HCM-negative, and 5 (2.1%) were diagnosed with other cardiac diseases. The median age for diagnosis of HCM was 2.7 years (range, 0.9-14.1). Male cats had a significantly higher occurrence of HCM (20.4%) compared with the females (2.1%) corresponding to an odds ratio of 7.89 (95 % CI, 2.54-28.08) for males versus females adjusted for age and weight (P < .001). CONCLUSION The BSH in our cohort had a high prevalence of HCM, often of early onset and with a significant male sex predisposition. We strongly recommend echocardiographic screening in this breed, especially cats used for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Granström
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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