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Lee H, Price J, Srivastava DP, Thuret S. In vitro characterization on the role of APOE polymorphism in human hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:322-346. [PMID: 36709412 PMCID: PMC10947111 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis (HN) is considered an important mechanism underlying lifelong brain plasticity, and alterations in this process have been implicated in early Alzheimer's disease progression. APOE polymorphism is the most common genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease where the ε4 genotype is associated with a significantly earlier disease onset compared to the neutral ε3 allele. Recently, APOE has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of HN. However, the time-dependent impact of its polymorphism in humans remains elusive, partially due to the difficulties of studying human HN in vivo. To bridge this gap of knowledge, we used an in vitro cellular model of human HN and performed a time course characterization on isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells with different genotypes of APOE. We found that APOE itself was more highly expressed in ε4 at the stem cell stage, while the divergence of differential gene expression phenotype between ε4 and ε3 became prominent at the neuronal stage of differentiation. This divergence was not associated with the differential capacity to generate dentate gyrus granule cell-like neurons, as its level was comparable between ε4 and ε3. Transcriptomic profiling across different stages of neurogenesis indicated a clear "maturation of functional neurons" phenotype in ε3 neural progenitors and neurons, while genes differentially expressed only in ε4 neurons suggested potential alterations in "metabolism and mitochondrial function." Taken together, our in vitro investigation suggests that APOE ε4 allele can exert a transcriptome-wide effect at the later stages of HN, without altering the overall level of neurogenesis per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Lee
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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2
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Li F, Ding J. Sialylation is involved in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Protein Cell 2019; 10:550-565. [PMID: 30478534 PMCID: PMC6626595 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation, or the covalent addition of sialic acid to the terminal end of glycoproteins, is a biologically important modification that is involved in embryonic development, neurodevelopment, reprogramming, oncogenesis and immune responses. In this review, we have given a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the involvement of sialylation in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Sialylation is essential for early embryonic development and the deletion of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, a rate-limiting enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, is embryonically lethal. Furthermore, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is required for somatic cell reprogramming, and its downregulation is associated with decreased reprogramming efficiency. In addition, sialylation levels and patterns are altered during cancer progression, indicating the potential of sialylated molecules as cancer biomarkers. Taken together, the current evidences demonstrate that sialylation is involved in crucial cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenjie Li
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Yu SS, Cirillo N. The molecular markers of cancer stem cells in head and neck tumors. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:65-73. [PMID: 31206697 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the six most common malignancy worldwide leading to more than 350,000 deaths annually. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities for these patients, there has been only a slight improvement of prognosis. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in tumor cell survival, progression, and response to therapy, the identification of this tumor subpopulation would have important therapeutic and prognostic implications. In this structured appraisal of the literature, Embase, PubMed, and Ovid were searched for publications that investigated CSC markers of HNC in humans. The search was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles published in the last two decades. The review process resulted in the identification of some key CSC-associated molecules such as CD44, ALDH1, CD133, Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2, although a single common CSC sorting marker could not be found. These biomarkers were identified in a range of HNCs but the most common one was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), predominantly oral SCC. Patient cohorts were of variable size (3-195 individuals) and the most common technique used for detection was immunohistochemistry. Some of the molecules were associated with poor prognosis and may be able to inform the choice of appropriate treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Yu
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gliagias V, Wotman M, Herman SW, Costantino P, Kraus D, Tham T. Investigating the role of octamer binding transcription Factor-4 (Oct-4) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:282-288. [PMID: 30595225 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gliagias
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America
| | - Michael Wotman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America
| | - Saori Wendy Herman
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America
| | - Peter Costantino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America
| | - Dennis Kraus
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America
| | - Tristan Tham
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States of America.
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Schell JC, Wisidagama DR, Bensard C, Zhao H, Wei P, Tanner J, Flores A, Mohlman J, Sorensen LK, Earl CS, Olson KA, Miao R, Waller TC, Delker D, Kanth P, Jiang L, DeBerardinis RJ, Bronner MP, Li DY, Cox JE, Christofk HR, Lowry WE, Thummel CS, Rutter J. Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1027-1036. [PMID: 28812582 PMCID: PMC6137334 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most differentiated cells convert glucose to pyruvate in the cytosol through glycolysis, followed by pyruvate oxidation in the mitochondria. These processes are linked by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which is required for efficient mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. In contrast, proliferative cells, including many cancer and stem cells, perform glycolysis robustly but limit fractional mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. We sought to understand the role this transition from glycolysis to pyruvate oxidation plays in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Loss of the MPC in Lgr5-EGFP-positive stem cells, or treatment of intestinal organoids with an MPC inhibitor, increases proliferation and expands the stem cell compartment. Similarly, genetic deletion of the MPC in Drosophila intestinal stem cells also increases proliferation, whereas MPC overexpression suppresses stem cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that limiting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is necessary and sufficient to maintain the proliferation of intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Schell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dona R. Wisidagama
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Claire Bensard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aimee Flores
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mohlman
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K. Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christian S. Earl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristofor A. Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ren Miao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - T. Cameron Waller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Don Delker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Priyanka Kanth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mary P. Bronner
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Heather R. Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William E. Lowry
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carl S. Thummel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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6
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Hermosilla VE, Hepp MI, Escobar D, Farkas C, Riffo EN, Castro AF, Pincheira R. Developmental SALL2 transcription factor: a new player in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:680-690. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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7
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Jouhilahti EM, Madissoon E, Vesterlund L, Töhönen V, Krjutškov K, Plaza Reyes A, Petropoulos S, Månsson R, Linnarsson S, Bürglin T, Lanner F, Hovatta O, Katayama S, Kere J. The human PRD-like homeobox gene LEUTX has a central role in embryo genome activation. Development 2016; 143:3459-3469. [PMID: 27578796 PMCID: PMC5087614 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leucine twenty homeobox (LEUTX) is a paired (PRD)-like homeobox gene that is expressed almost exclusively in human embryos during preimplantation development. We previously identified a novel transcription start site for the predicted human LEUTX gene based on the transcriptional analysis of human preimplantation embryos. The novel variant encodes a protein with a complete homeodomain. Here, we provide a detailed description of the molecular cloning of the complete homeodomain-containing LEUTX Using a human embryonic stem cell overexpression model we show that the complete homeodomain isoform is functional and sufficient to activate the transcription of a large proportion of the genes that are upregulated in human embryo genome activation (EGA), whereas the previously predicted partial homeodomain isoform is largely inactive. Another PRD-like transcription factor, DPRX, is then upregulated as a powerful repressor of transcription. We propose a two-stage model of human EGA in which LEUTX acts as a transcriptional activator at the 4-cell stage, and DPRX as a balancing repressor at the 8-cell stage. We conclude that LEUTX is a candidate regulator of human EGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Elo Madissoon
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Vesterlund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Alvaro Plaza Reyes
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Thomas Bürglin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, Solna 171 21, Sweden Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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8
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Glycosyltransferase ST6GAL1 contributes to the regulation of pluripotency in human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13317. [PMID: 26304831 PMCID: PMC4548446 DOI: 10.1038/srep13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested the significance of glycosyltransferase-mediated macromolecule glycosylation in the regulation of pluripotent states in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we observed that the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 was preferentially expressed in undifferentiated hPSCs compared to non-pluripotent cells. A lectin which preferentially recognizes α-2,6 sialylated galactosides showed strong binding reactivity with undifferentiated hPSCs and their glycoproteins, and did so to a much lesser extent with differentiated cells. In addition, downregulation of ST6GAL1 in undifferentiated hPSCs led to a decrease in POU5F1 (also known as OCT4) protein and significantly altered the expression of many genes that orchestrate cell morphogenesis during differentiation. The induction of cellular pluripotency in somatic cells was substantially impeded by the shRNA-mediated suppression of ST6GAL1, partially through interference with the expression of endogenous POU5F1 and SOX2. Targeting ST6GAL1 activity with a sialyltransferase inhibitor during cell reprogramming resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Collectively, our data indicate that ST6GAL1 plays an important role in the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation in hPSCs, and the pluripotent state in human cells can be modulated using pharmacological tools to target sialyltransferase activity.
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Ninomiya E, Hattori T, Toyoda M, Umezawa A, Hamazaki T, Shintaku H. Glucocorticoids promote neural progenitor cell proliferation derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:527. [PMID: 25279318 PMCID: PMC4174547 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used for treating and preventing chronic lung disease and circulatory dysfunction in premature infants. However, there is growing concern about the detrimental effects of systemic GC administration on neurodevelopment. The first choice of GCs to minimize the adverse effects on the developing brain is still under debate. We investigated the effect of commonly used GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), betamethasone (BET) and hydrocortisone (HDC) on the proliferation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs). In this study, NPCs were treated with various concentrations of GCs and subjected to cell proliferation assays. Furthermore, we quantified the number of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) positive neurons in NPCs by immunostaining. All GCs promoted NPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We also confirmed that MAP2-positive neurons in NPCs increased upon GC treatment. However, differential effects of GCs on MAP2 positive neurons were observed when we treated NPCs with H2O2. The total numbers of NPCs increased upon any GC treatment even under oxidative conditions but the numbers of MAP2 positive neurons increased only by HDC treatment. GCs promoted human iPSCs–derived NPC proliferation and the differential effects of GCs became apparent under oxidative stress. Our results may support HDC as the preferred choice over DEX and BET to prevent adverse effects on the developing human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ninomiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
| | - Taeka Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ookura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
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10
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Huang CF, Xu XR, Wu TF, Sun ZJ, Zhang WF. Correlation of ALDH1, CD44, OCT4 and SOX2 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and their association with disease progression and prognosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:492-8. [PMID: 24450601 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Fa Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Tian-Fu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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11
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Hirabayashi J, Kuno A, Tateno H. Development and Applications of the Lectin Microarray. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 367:105-24. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Tateno H, Matsushima A, Hiemori K, Onuma Y, Ito Y, Hasehira K, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Takayasu S, Nakanishi M, Ikehara Y, Nakanishi M, Ohnuma K, Chan T, Toyoda M, Akutsu H, Umezawa A, Asashima M, Hirabayashi J. Podocalyxin is a glycoprotein ligand of the human pluripotent stem cell-specific probe rBC2LCN. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:265-73. [PMID: 23526252 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In comprehensive glycome analysis with a high-density lectin microarray, we have previously shown that the recombinant N-terminal domain of the lectin BC2L-C from Burkholderia cenocepacia (rBC2LCN) binds exclusively to undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells but not to differentiated somatic cells. Here we demonstrate that podocalyxin, a heavily glycosylated type 1 transmembrane protein, is a glycoprotein ligand of rBC2LCN on human iPS cells and ES cells. When analyzed by DNA microarray, podocalyxin was found to be highly expressed in both iPS cells and ES cells. Western and lectin blotting revealed that rBC2LCN binds to podocalyxin with a high molecular weight of more than 240 kDa in undifferentiated iPS cells of six different origins and four ES cell lines, but no binding was observed in either differentiated mouse feeder cells or somatic cells. The specific binding of rBC2LCN to podocalyxin prepared from a large set of iPS cells (138 types) and ES cells (15 types) was also confirmed using a high-throughput antibody-overlay lectin microarray. Alkaline digestion greatly reduced the binding of rBC2LCN to podocalyxin, indicating that the major glycan ligands of rBC2LCN are presented on O-glycans. Furthermore, rBC2LCN was found to exhibit significant affinity to a branched O-glycan comprising an H type 3 structure (Ka, 2.5 × 10(4) M(-1)) prepared from human 201B7 iPS cells, indicating that H type 3 is a most probable potential pluripotency marker. We conclude that podocalyxin is a glycoprotein ligand of rBC2LCN on human iPS cells and ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Hirabayashi J, Yamada M, Kuno A, Tateno H. Lectin microarrays: concept, principle and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4443-58. [PMID: 23443201 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lectin microarray is a novel platform for glycan analysis, having emerged only in recent years. Unlike other conventional methods, e.g., liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, it enables rapid and high-sensitivity profiling of complex glycan features without the need for liberation of glycans. Target samples include an extensive range of glycoconjugates involved in cells, tissues, body fluids, as well as synthetic glycans and their mimics. Various procedures for rapid differential glycan profiling have been developed for glycan-related biomarkers. Such glycoproteomics targeting allows precise diagnosis of chronic diseases potentially related to cancer. Application of this method to evaluation of various types of stem cells resulted in the discovery of a new pluripotent cell-specific glycan marker. To explore this technology a more fundamental and extensive understanding of lectins is necessary in relation to the structural uniqueness of glycans. In this chapter, the essence of the lectin microarray is described with some focus on an evanescent-field-activated fluorescence detection principle as a system to achieve in situ (i.e., washing free) aqueous-phase observation under equilibrium conditions. The developed lectin microarray system allows even researchers with poor experience in glycan profiling to perform extensive high-throughput analysis targeting various forms of glycans and even cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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Muqbil I, Bao GW, El-Kharraj R, Shah M, Mohammad RM, Sarkar FH, Azmi AS. Systems and Network Pharmacology Approaches to Cancer Stem Cells Research and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 7. [PMID: 24319631 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.s7-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis is increasingly being accepted as a model to explain for the functional heterogeneity that is commonly observed in solid tumors. According to this hypothesis, there exists a hierarchical organization of cells within the tumor, in which a differential subpopulation of stem-like cells is responsible for sustaining and recurrence of tumor growth. CSCs have been shown to exist in a variety of solid tumors especially those with known resistant phenotypes such as breast, prostate and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In all these models, the commonality of deregulation of three crucial pathways; Wnt, notch and hedgehog that maintain CSC self-renewal capacity is emerging. Collectively these major pathways and have been linked to the observed resistance of CSC to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The existing lack of knowledge and our incomplete understanding of the molecular signatures associated with CSCs highlight the need for better approaches in both isolation and identification of unique pathways associated with these cells. In this direction, computational biology, especially systems and network approaches, have proven to be of great utility in unraveling pathway complexities such as those associated with CSCs. With highlights on the most up-to-date molecular, network, cellular, clinical, and therapeutic cancer research findings, this article tends to provide a wealth of insights on systems and network biology approaches to CSC marker identification, the mechanism through which they evade treatment as well as therapeutic approaches that will help in conquering these elusive cells in incurable and refractory malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hasehira K, Tateno H, Onuma Y, Ito Y, Asashima M, Hirabayashi J. Structural and quantitative evidence for dynamic glycome shift on production of induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1913-23. [PMID: 23023295 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) prepared from different human origins acquired similar glycan profiles to one another as well as to human embryonic stem cells. Although the results strongly suggested attainment of specific glycan expressions associated with the acquisition of pluripotency, the detailed glycan structures remained to be elucidated. Here, we perform a quantitative glycome analysis targeting both N- and O-linked glycans derived from 201B7 human iPSCs and human dermal fibroblasts as undifferentiated and differentiated cells, respectively. Overall, the fractions of high mannose-type N-linked glycans were significantly increased upon induction of pluripotency. Moreover, it became evident that the type of linkage of Sia on N-linked glycans was dramatically changed from α-2-3 to α-2-6, and the expression of α-1-2 fucose and type 1 LacNAc structures became clearly apparent, while no such glycan epitopes were detected in fibroblasts. The expression profiles of relevant glycosyltransferase genes were fully consistent with these results. These observations indicate unambiguously the manifestation of a "glycome shift" upon conversion to iPSCs, which may not merely be the result of the initialization of gene expression, but could be involved in a more aggressive manner either in the acquisition or maintenance of the undifferentiated state of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Hasehira
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Piao G, Saito S, Sun Y, Liu ZP, Wang Y, Han X, Wu J, Zhou H, Chen L, Horimoto K. A computational procedure for identifying master regulator candidates: a case study on diabetes progression in Goto-Kakizaki rats. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 23046543 PMCID: PMC3403593 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-s1-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background We have recently identified a number of active regulatory networks involved in diabetes progression in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats by network screening. The networks were quite consistent with the previous knowledge of the regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and their regulated genes. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms directly related to phenotype changes, such as diseases, we also previously developed a computational procedure for identifying transcriptional master regulators (MRs) in conjunction with network screening and network inference, by effectively perturbing the phenotype states. Results In this work, we further improved our previous method for identifying MR candidates, by listing them in a more reliable manner, and applied the method to reveal the MR candidates for diabetes progression in GK rats from the active networks. Specifically, the active TF-gene pairs for different time periods in GK rats were first extracted from the networks by network screening. Another set of active TF-gene pairs was selected by network inference, by considering the gene expression signatures for those periods between GK and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The TF-gene pairs extracted by the two methods were then further selected, from the viewpoints of the emergence specificity of TF in GK rats and the regulated-gene coverage of TF in the expression signature. Finally, we narrowed all of the genes down to only 5 TFs (Etv4, Fus, Nr2f1, Sp2, and Tcfap2b) as the candidates of MRs, with 54 regulated genes, by merging the selected TF-gene pairs. Conclusions The present method has successfully identified biologically plausible MR candidates, including the TFs related to diabetes in previous reports. Although the experimental verifications of the candidates and the present procedure are beyond the scope of this study, we narrowed down the candidates to 5 TFs, which can be used to perform the verification experiments relatively easily. The numerical results showed that our computational method is an efficient way to detect the key molecules responsible for biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Piao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Li X, Wang J, Xu Z, Ahmad A, Li E, Wang Y, Qin S, Wang Q. Expression of Sox2 and Oct4 and their clinical significance in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7663-7675. [PMID: 22837720 PMCID: PMC3397552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox2 and Oct4 are transcription factors with the characteristics of regulating self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cell. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of Sox2 and Oct4 and analyze their clinical significance in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expression of Sox2 and Oct4 were assayed in cancer tissues and their corresponding paracancerous tissues from 44 patients with NSCLC and 21 patients with benign tumors using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The correlation between the expression of Sox2 and Oct4 and tumor type, grade and prognosis and the utility of the two genes in discriminating between benign and malignant tumors were analyzed as well. The results showed that Sox2 and Oct4 positive staining was only seen in the nuclei of cancer cells but not in either the precancerous tissues or benign tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in the lung cancer tissue, the positive rate for Sox2 and Oct4 was 70.5% and 54.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, clinicopathological correlations showed that the Oct4 expression level was significantly associated with poorer differentiation and higher TNM stage of the cancer (p < 0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed similar results to immunohistochemistry. Follow-up analysis revealed that expression of Oct4 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. The conclusion is that Sox2 and Oct4 may act as the promising unit markers in directing NSCLC diagnosis and therapy. Also, Oct4 can be regarded as a novel predictor of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients undergoing resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jinguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suli Qin
- People’s Military Medical Press, Beijing Fuxing Road 22 A3, Beijing 100842, China; E-Mail:
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (Z.X.); (A.A.); (E.L.); (Y.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-411-86110151; Fax: +86-411-86110151
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Nishino K, Toyoda M, Yamazaki-Inoue M, Fukawatase Y, Chikazawa E, Sakaguchi H, Akutsu H, Umezawa A. DNA methylation dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cells over time. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002085. [PMID: 21637780 PMCID: PMC3102737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is a critical event in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we determined the DNA methylation profiles of 22 human iPSC lines derived from five different cell types (human endometrium, placental artery endothelium, amnion, fetal lung fibroblast, and menstrual blood cell) and five human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, and we followed the aberrant methylation sites in iPSCs for up to 42 weeks. The iPSCs exhibited distinct epigenetic differences from ESCs, which were caused by aberrant methylation at early passages. Multiple appearances and then disappearances of random aberrant methylation were detected throughout iPSC reprogramming. Continuous passaging of the iPSCs diminished the differences between iPSCs and ESCs, implying that iPSCs lose the characteristics inherited from the parent cells and adapt to very closely resemble ESCs over time. Human iPSCs were gradually reprogrammed through the "convergence" of aberrant hyper-methylation events that continuously appeared in a de novo manner. This iPS reprogramming consisted of stochastic de novo methylation and selection/fixation of methylation in an environment suitable for ESCs. Taken together, random methylation and convergence are driving forces for long-term reprogramming of iPSCs to ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nishino
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamazaki-Inoue
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukawatase
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Chikazawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironari Sakaguchi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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