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Caldwell A, Su X, Jin Q, Hemphill P, Jaha D, Nard S, Tiriveedhi V, Huang H, OHair J. Food Waste from Campus Dining Hall as a Potential Feedstock for 2,3-Butanediol Production via Non-Sterilized Fermentation. Foods 2024; 13:452. [PMID: 38338586 PMCID: PMC10855077 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Food waste is a major issue that is increasingly affecting our environment. More than one-third of food is wasted, resulting in over $400 billion in losses to the U.S. economy. While composting and other small recycling practices are encouraged from person-to-person, it is not enough to balance the net loss of 80 million tons per year. Currently, one of the most promising routes for reducing food waste is through microbial fermentation, which can convert the waste into valuable bioproducts. Among the compounds produced from fermentation, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has gained interest recently due to its molecular structure as a building block for many other derivatives used in perfumes, synthetic rubber, fumigants, antifreeze agents, fuel additives, and pharmaceuticals. Waste feedstocks, such as food waste, are a potential source of renewable energy due to their lack of cost and availability. Food waste also possesses microbial requirements for growth such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and more. However, food waste is highly inconsistent and the variability in composition may hinder its ability to be a stable source for bioproducts such as 2,3-BDO. This current study focuses specifically on post-consumer food waste and how 2,3-BDO can be produced through a non-model organism, Bacillus licheniformis YNP5-TSU during non-sterile fermentation. From the dining hall at Tennessee State University, 13 food waste samples were collected over a 6-month period and the compositional analysis was performed. On average, these samples consisted of fat (19.7%), protein (18.7%), ash (4.8%), fiber (3.4%), starch (27.1%), and soluble sugars (20.9%) on a dry basis with an average moisture content of 34.7%. Food waste samples were also assessed for their potential production of 2,3-BDO during non-sterile thermophilic fermentation, resulting in a max titer of 12.12 g/L and a 33% g/g yield of 2,3-BDO/carbohydrates. These findings are promising and can lead to the better understanding of food waste as a defined feedstock for 2,3-BDO and other fermentation end-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Xueqian Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (X.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Qing Jin
- School of Food and Agriculture, College of Earth, Life, and Health Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - Phyllicia Hemphill
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Doaa Jaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Sonecia Nard
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (X.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Joshua OHair
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life & Physical Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (A.C.); (P.H.); (D.J.); (S.N.); (V.T.)
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Faria PE, Castro AM, Freire DMG, Mesquita RD. Enzymes and pathways in microbial production of 2,3-butanediol and 3-acetoin isomers. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:67-81. [PMID: 34957872 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2004990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (BD) and acetoin (AC) are products of the non-oxidative metabolism of microorganisms, presenting industrial importance due to their wide range of applications and high market value. Their optical isomers have particular applications, justifying the efforts on the selective bioproduction. Each microorganism produces different isomer mixtures, as a consequence of having different butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) enzymes. However, the whole scene of the isomer bioproduction, considering the several enzymes and conditions, has not been completely elucidated. Here we show the BDH classification as R, S or meso by bioinformatics analysis uncovering the details of the isomers production. The BDH was compared to diacetyl reductases (DAR) and the new enoyl reductases (ER). We observed that R-BDH is the most singular BDH, while meso and S-BDHs are similar and may be better distinguished through their stereo-selective triad. DAR and ER showed distinct stereo-triads from those described for BDHs, agreeing with kinetic data from the literature and our phylogenetic analysis. The ER family probably has meso-BDH like activity as already demonstrated for a single sequence from this group. These results are of great relevance, as they organize BD producing enzymes, to our known, never shown before in the literature. This review also brings attention to nontraditional enzymes/pathways that can be involved with BD/AC synthesis, as well as oxygen conditions that may lead to the differential production of their isomers. Together, this information can provide helpful orientation for future studies in the field of BD/AC biological production, thus contributing to achieve their production on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Esteves Faria
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M Castro
- Biotechnology Division, R&D Center (Cenpes), PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael D Mesquita
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sheng L, Madika A, Lau MSH, Zhang Y, Minton NP. Metabolic engineering for the production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol at elevated temperature in Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191079. [PMID: 37200846 PMCID: PMC10185769 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current climate crisis has emphasised the need to achieve global net-zero by 2050, with countries being urged to set considerable emission reduction targets by 2030. Exploitation of a fermentative process that uses a thermophilic chassis can represent a way to manufacture chemicals and fuels through more environmentally friendly routes with a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the industrially relevant thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 was engineered to produce 3-hydroxybutanone (acetoin) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), organic compounds with commercial applications. Using heterologous acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetolactate decarboxylase (ALD) enzymes, a functional 2,3-BDO biosynthetic pathway was constructed. The formation of by-products was minimized by the deletion of competing pathways surrounding the pyruvate node. Redox imbalance was addressed through autonomous overexpression of the butanediol dehydrogenase and by investigating appropriate aeration levels. Through this, we were able to produce 2,3-BDO as the predominant fermentation metabolite, with up to 6.6 g/L 2,3-BDO (0.33 g/g glucose) representing 66% of the theoretical maximum at 50°C. In addition, the identification and subsequent deletion of a previously unreported thermophilic acetoin degradation gene (acoB1) resulted in enhanced acetoin production under aerobic conditions, producing 7.6 g/L (0.38 g/g glucose) representing 78% of the theoretical maximum. Furthermore, through the generation of a ΔacoB1 mutant and by testing the effect of glucose concentration on 2,3-BDO production, we were able to produce 15.6 g/L of 2,3-BDO in media supplemented with 5% glucose, the highest titre of 2,3-BDO produced in Parageobacillus and Geobacillus species to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abubakar Madika
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Matthew S. H. Lau
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nigel P. Minton,
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Kou M, Cui Z, Fu J, Dai W, Wang Z, Chen T. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 35879766 PMCID: PMC9310479 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3-butanediol is an important platform compound which has a wide range of applications, involving in medicine, chemical industry, food and other fields. Especially the optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol can be employed as an antifreeze agent and as the precursor for producing chiral compounds. However, some (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol overproducing strains are pathogenic such as Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Results In this study, a (3R)-acetoin overproducing C. glutamicum strain, CGS9, was engineered to produce optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol efficiently. Firstly, the gene bdhA from B. subtilis 168 was integrated into strain CGS9 and its expression level was further enhanced by using a strong promoter Psod and ribosome binding site (RBS) with high translation initiation rate, and the (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol titer of the resulting strain was increased by 33.9%. Then the transhydrogenase gene udhA from E. coli was expressed to provide more NADH for 2,3-butanediol synthesis, which reduced the accumulation of the main byproduct acetoin by 57.2%. Next, a mutant atpG was integrated into strain CGK3, which increased the glucose consumption rate by 10.5% and the 2,3-butanediol productivity by 10.9% in shake-flask fermentation. Through fermentation engineering, the most promising strain CGK4 produced a titer of 144.9 g/L (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol with a yield of 0.429 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.10 g/L/h in fed-batch fermentation. The optical purity of the resulting (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol surpassed 98%. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer of optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol achieved by GRAS strains, and the result has demonstrated that C. glutamicum is a competitive candidate for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01875-5.
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Conversion of Food Waste into 2,3-Butanediol via Thermophilic Fermentation: Effects of Carbohydrate Content and Nutrient Supplementation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020169. [PMID: 35053901 PMCID: PMC8774479 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of food waste into 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), a high-value chemical, is environmentally sustainable and an inexpensive method to recycle waste. Compared to traditional mesophilic fermentation, thermophilic fermentation can inhibit the growth of contaminant bacteria, thereby improving the success of food waste fermentation. However, the effects of sugar and nutrient concentrations in thermophilic food waste fermentations are currently unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of sugar and nutrients (yeast extract (YE) and peptone) concentrations on 2,3-BDO production from fermenting glucose and food waste media using the newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis YNP5-TSU. When glucose media was used, fermentation was greatly affected by sugar and nutrient concentrations: excessive glucose (>70 g/L) slowed down the fermentation and low nutrients (2 g/L YE and 1 g/L peptone) caused fermentation failure. However, when food waste media were used with low nutrient addition, the bacteria consumed all 57.8 g/L sugars within 24 h and produced 24.2 g/L 2,3-BDO, equivalent to a fermentation yield of 0.42 g/g. An increase in initial sugar content (72.9 g/L) led to a higher 2,3-BDO titer of 36.7 g/L with a nearly theoretical yield of 0.47 g/g. These findings may provide fundamental knowledge for designing cost-effective food waste fermentation to produce 2,3-BDO.
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Abstract
The growing need for industrial production of bio-based acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is due to both environmental concerns, and their widespread use in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Acetoin is a common spice added to many foods, but also a valuable reagent in many chemical syntheses. Similarly, 2,3-BD is an indispensable chemical on the platform in the production of synthetic rubber, printing inks, perfumes, antifreeze, and fuel additives. This state-of-the-art review focuses on representatives of the genus Bacillus as prospective producers of acetoin and 2,3-BD. They have the following important advantages: non-pathogenic nature, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, and the ability to utilize a huge number of substrates (glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and inulin hydrolysates), sugars from the composition of lignocellulose (cellobiose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose), as well as waste glycerol. In addition, these strains can be improved by genetic engineering, and are amenable to process optimization. Bacillus spp. are among the best acetoin producers. They also synthesize 2,3-BD in titer and yield comparable to those of the pathogenic producers. However, Bacillus spp. show relatively lower productivity, which can be increased in the course of challenging future research.
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Song CW, Rathnasingh C, Song H. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated metabolic engineering of a mucoid Bacillus licheniformis isolate for mass production of 2,3-butanediol. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chu W, Jiang K, Lu P, Xu Y, Yang J, Wei X, Li L, Liu S, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhao H, Zhao H. Metabolic regulation and optimization of oxygen supply enhance the 2,3-butanediol yield of the novel Klebsiella sp. isolate FSoil 024. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100279. [PMID: 34390606 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogenic 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a high-value-added compound that can be used as a liquid fuel and a platform chemical. Bioproduction of 2,3-BDO is an environmentally friendly choice. METHOD AND RESULTS Three recombinant derivatives of the novel Klebsiella sp. isolate FSoil 024 (WT) were constructed via different strategies including deletion of lactate dehydrogenase by λ-Red homologous recombination technology, overexpression of the small-noncoding RNA RyhB and a combination of both. The 2,3-BDO productivity of the mutants increased by 61.3-79%, and WT-Δldh/ryhB displayed the highest 2,3-BDO yield of 42.36 mM after 24 h of shake-flask fermentation. Glucose was shown as the best carbon source for 2,3-BDO production by WT-Δldh/ryhB. In addition, higher oxygenation was favorable for ideal product synthesis. The maximal 2,3-BDO yield of WT and WT-Δldh/ryhB were increased by 23.3 and 52.5% respectively compared to the control group in the presence of 70% oxygen (V:V' = O2 :(O2 +N2 )). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS According to the present study, deletion of lactate dehydrogenase, RyhB overexpression and manipulation of oxygen supply showed great impacts on cell growth, 2,3-BDO productivity and cellular metabolism of the novel isolated strain Klebsiella sp. FSoil 024. This work would also provide insights for promoting 2,3-BDO biosynthesis for industrial applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Chu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghou Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center, College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Lee JW, Lee YG, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5751-5767. [PMID: 34287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising commodity chemical with various industrial applications. While petroleum-based chemical processes currently dominate the industrial production of 2,3-BDO, fermentation-based production of 2,3-BDO provides an attractive alternative to chemical-based processes with regards to economic and environmental sustainability. The achievement of high 2,3-BDO titer, yield, and productivity in microbial fermentation is a prerequisite for the production of 2,3-BDO at large scales. Also, enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO production is desirable because 2,3-BDO stereoisomers have unique physicochemical properties. Pursuant to these goals, many metabolic engineering strategies to improve 2,3-BDO production from inexpensive sugars by Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms to enable efficient and enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. KEY POINTS: • K. oxytoca, Bacillus species, and S. cerevisiae have been engineered to achieve efficient 2,3-BDO production. • Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms enabled enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. • Cost-effective 2,3-BDO production can be feasible by using renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Highly Efficient 2,3-Butanediol Production by Bacillus licheniformis via Complex Optimization of Nutritional and Technological Parameters. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a reagent with remarkable commercial use as a platform chemical in numerous industries. The present study aims to determine the capabilities of non-pathogenic and cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis 24 as a 2,3-BD producer. By applying the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology through central composite design (CCD), a complex optimization of medium and process parameters was conducted. Thus, among ten studied factors of medium content, four components were evaluated with a significant positive effect on 2,3-BD formation. Their optimal values for 2,3-BD production (yeast extract, 13.38 g/L; tryptone, 6.41 g/L; K2HPO4, 4.2 g/L; MgSO4, 0.32 g/L), as well as the optimal temperature (37.8 °C), pH (6.23) and aeration rate (3.68 vvm) were predicted by CCD experiments and validated in a series of batch processes. In optimized batch fermentation of 200 g/L of glucose 91.23 g/L of 2,3-BD was obtained, with the overall productivity of 1.94 g/L/h and yield of 0.488 g/g. To reveal the maximum 2,3-BD tolerance of B. licheniformis 24, fed-batch fermentation was carried out. The obtained 138.8 g/L of 2,3-BD with a yield of 0.479 g/g and productivity of 1.16 g/L/h ranks the strain among the best 2,3-BD producers.
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C4 Bacterial Volatiles Improve Plant Health. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060682. [PMID: 34072921 PMCID: PMC8227687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plant roots can trigger plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Several bacterial determinants including cell-wall components and secreted compounds have been identified to date. Here, we review a group of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds released by PGPR, which improve plant health, mostly by protecting plants against pathogen attack under greenhouse and field conditions. We particularly focus on C4 bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs), such as 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, which have been shown to activate the plant immune response and to promote plant growth at the molecular level as well as in large-scale field applications. We also disc/ uss the potential applications, metabolic engineering, and large-scale fermentation of C4 BVCs. The C4 bacterial volatiles act as airborne signals and therefore represent a new type of biocontrol agent. Further advances in the encapsulation procedure, together with the development of standards and guidelines, will promote the application of C4 volatiles in the field.
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Das A, Prakash G, Lali AM. 2,3-Butanediol production using soy-based nitrogen source and fermentation process evaluation by a novel isolate of Bacillus licheniformis BL1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:1046-1055. [PMID: 33719922 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1894443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has varied applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, & food industry. Microorganisms belonging to Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Serratia genera are well-known producers of 2,3-BDO. However, they have limited usage in industrial-scale owing to their pathogenic nature. A nonpathogenic soil isolate identified as Bacillus licheniformis (BL1) was thus investigated for 2,3-BDO production. Soy flakes, soy flour, defatted soy, and soybean meal-based hydrolysates replaced yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Defatted soy flakes and soybean meal hydrolysate led to an equivalent 2,3-BDO yield and productivity as compared to that of Yeast Extract and peptone. The pH and oxygen variation influenced the proportion of various products of the mixed acid-butanediol pathway. Further, the batch mode fermentation with soy hydrolysate and optimized process parameter resulted in 2,3-BDO titer, yield and productivity of 11.06 g/L, 0.43 g/g and 0.48 g/L h respectively. Glucose concentration above 5% was inhibitory and led to reduction in the specific growth rate of BL1 in batch cultivation. Intermittent glucose feeding in fed-batch mode overcame this substrate limitation resulting in increased titers (49.8 g/L) and productivity (0.62 g/L h). Modified medium containing soy hydrolysate as nitrogen source with fermentation process optimization resulted in 67% decrease in medium cost for 2,3-BDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Das
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Muras A, Romero M, Mayer C, Otero A. Biotechnological applications of Bacillus licheniformis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:609-627. [PMID: 33593221 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and other bioproducts is also gaining interest due to the availability of novel genetic manipulation tools. Furthermore, besides its widespread use as a probiotic, other biotechnological applications of B. licheniformis strains include: bioflocculation, biomineralization, biofuel production, bioremediation, and anti-biofilm activity. Although authorities have approved the use of B. licheniformis as a feed additive worldwide due to the absence of toxigenic potential, some probiotics containing this bacterium are considered unsafe due to the possible transference of antibiotic resistance genes. The wide variability in biological activities and genetic characteristics of this species makes it necessary to establish an exact protocol for describing the novel strains, in order to evaluate its biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Celia Mayer
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Su HY, Li HY, Xie CY, Fei Q, Cheng KK. Co-production of acetoin and succinic acid by metabolically engineered Enterobacter cloacae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:26. [PMID: 33468210 PMCID: PMC7816431 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renewable chemicals have attracted attention due to increasing interest in environmental concerns and resource utilization. Biobased production of industrial compounds from nonfood biomass has become increasingly important as a sustainable replacement for traditional petroleum-based production processes depending on fossil resources. Therefore, we engineered an Enterobacter cloacae budC and ldhA double-deletion strain (namely, EC∆budC∆ldhA) to redirect carbon fluxes and optimized the culture conditions to co-produce succinic acid and acetoin. RESULTS In this work, E. cloacae was metabolically engineered to enhance its combined succinic acid and acetoin production during fermentation. Strain EC∆budC∆ldhA was constructed by deleting 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (budC), which is involved in 2,3-butanediol production, and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), which is involved in lactic acid production, from the E. cloacae genome. After redirecting and fine-tuning the E. cloacae metabolic flux, succinic acid and acetoin production was enhanced, and the combined production titers of acetoin and succinic acid from glucose were 17.75 and 2.75 g L-1, respectively. Moreover, to further improve acetoin and succinic acid production, glucose and NaHCO3 modes and times of feeding were optimized during fermentation of the EC∆budC∆ldhA strain. The maximum titers of acetoin and succinic acid were 39.5 and 20.3 g L-1 at 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The engineered strain EC∆budC∆ldhA is useful for the co-production of acetoin and succinic acid and for reducing microbial fermentation costs by combining processes into a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yen Su
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Hua-Ying Li
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Cai-Yun Xie
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ke-Ke Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
- China-Latin America Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Climate Change, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808 China
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15
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Wang D, Oh BR, Lee S, Kim DH, Joe MH. Process optimization for mass production of 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus subtilis CS13. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:15. [PMID: 33419471 PMCID: PMC7791975 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus subtilis CS13 was previously isolated for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) co-production. When culturing this strain without L-glutamic acid in the medium, 2,3-BD is the main metabolic product. 2,3-BD is an important substance and fuel with applications in the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the yield and productivity for the B. subtilis strain should be improved for more efficient production of 2,3-BD. RESULTS The medium composition, which contained 281.1 g/L sucrose, 21.9 g/L ammonium citrate, and 3.6 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, was optimized by response surface methodology for 2,3-BD production using B. subtilis CS13. The maximum amount of 2,3-BD (125.5 ± 3.1 g/L) was obtained from the optimized medium after 96 h. The highest concentration and productivity of 2,3-BD were achieved simultaneously at an agitation speed of 500 rpm and aeration rate of 2 L/min in the batch cultures. A total of 132.4 ± 4.4 g/L 2,3-BD was obtained with a productivity of 2.45 ± 0.08 g/L/h and yield of 0.45 g2,3-BD/gsucrose by fed-batch fermentation. The meso-2,3-BD/2,3-BD ratio of the 2,3-BD produced by B. subtilis CS13 was 92.1%. Furthermore, 89.6 ± 2.8 g/L 2,3-BD with a productivity of 2.13 ± 0.07 g/L/h and yield of 0.42 g2,3-BD/gsugar was achieved using molasses as a carbon source. CONCLUSIONS The production of 2,3-BD by B. subtilis CS13 showed a higher concentration, productivity, and yield compared to the reported generally recognized as safe 2,3-BD producers. These results suggest that B. subtilis CS13 is a promising strain for industrial-scale production of 2,3-BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Wang
- Radiation Utilization and Facilities Management Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Radiation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Joe
- Radiation Utilization and Facilities Management Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Subramanian V, Lunin VV, Farmer SJ, Alahuhta M, Moore KT, Ho A, Chaudhari YB, Zhang M, Himmel ME, Decker SR. Phylogenetics-based identification and characterization of a superior 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase for Zymomonas mobilis expression. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:186. [PMID: 33292448 PMCID: PMC7656694 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymomonas mobilis has recently been shown to be capable of producing the valuable platform biochemical, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). Despite this capability, the production of high titers of 2,3-BDO is restricted by several physiological parameters. One such bottleneck involves the conversion of acetoin to 2,3-BDO, a step catalyzed by 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh). Several Bdh enzymes have been successfully expressed in Z. mobilis, although a highly active enzyme is yet to be identified for expression in this host. Here, we report the application of a phylogenetic approach to identify and characterize a superior Bdh, followed by validation of its structural attributes using a mutagenesis approach. RESULTS Of the 11 distinct bdh genes that were expressed in Z. mobilis, crude extracts expressing Serratia marcescens Bdh (SmBdh) were found to have the highest activity (8.89 µmol/min/mg), when compared to other Bdh enzymes (0.34-2.87 µmol/min/mg). The SmBdh crystal structure was determined through crystallization with cofactor (NAD+) and substrate (acetoin) molecules bound in the active site. Active SmBdh was shown to be a tetramer with the active site populated by a Gln247 residue contributed by the diagonally opposite subunit. SmBdh showed a more extensive supporting hydrogen-bond network in comparison to the other well-studied Bdh enzymes, which enables improved substrate positioning and substrate specificity. This protein also contains a short α6 helix, which provides more efficient entry and exit of molecules from the active site, thereby contributing to enhanced substrate turnover. Extending the α6 helix to mimic the lower activity Enterobacter cloacae (EcBdh) enzyme resulted in reduction of SmBdh function to nearly 3% of the total activity. In great contrast, reduction of the corresponding α6 helix of the EcBdh to mimic the SmBdh structure resulted in ~ 70% increase in its activity. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that SmBdh is superior to other Bdhs for expression in Z. mobilis for 2,3-BDO production. SmBdh possesses unique structural features that confer biochemical advantage to this protein. While coordinated active site formation is a unique structural characteristic of this tetrameric complex, the smaller α6 helix and extended hydrogen network contribute towards improved activity and substrate promiscuity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramanan Subramanian
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Vladimir V Lunin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Samuel J Farmer
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kyle T Moore
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Angela Ho
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Yogesh B Chaudhari
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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17
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18
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Kulyashov M, Peltek SE, Akberdin IR. A Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of 2,3-Butanediol Production by Thermophilic Bacteria Geobacillus icigianus. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1002. [PMID: 32635563 PMCID: PMC7409357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic strain of the genus Geobacillus, Geobacillus icigianus is a promising bacterial chassis for a wide range of biotechnological applications. In this study, we explored the metabolic potential of Geobacillus icigianus for the production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BTD), one of the cost-effective commodity chemicals. Here we present a genome-scale metabolic model iMK1321 for Geobacillus icigianus constructed using an auto-generating pipeline with consequent thorough manual curation. The model contains 1321 genes and includes 1676 reactions and 1589 metabolites, representing the most-complete and publicly available model of the genus Geobacillus. The developed model provides new insights into thermophilic bacterial metabolism and highlights new strategies for biotechnological applications of the strain. Our analysis suggests that Geobacillus icigianus has a potential for 2,3-butanediol production from a variety of utilized carbon sources, including glycerine, a common byproduct of biofuel production. We identified a set of solutions for enhancing 2,3-BTD production, including cultivation under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions and decreasing the TCA flux to succinate via reducing citrate synthase activity. Both in silico predicted metabolic alternatives have been previously experimentally verified for closely related strains including the genus Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kulyashov
- Biosoft.ru, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Biosoft.ru, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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19
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Butanediol production from glycerol and glucose by Serratia marcescens isolated from tropical peat soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Petrova P, Petlichka S, Petrov K. New Bacillus spp. with potential for 2,3-butanediol production from biomass. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:20-28. [PMID: 32169317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Heyman B, Tulke H, Putri SP, Fukusaki E, Büchs J. Online monitoring of the respiratory quotient reveals metabolic phases during microaerobic 2,3-butanediol production with Bacillus licheniformis. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:133-144. [PMID: 32874177 PMCID: PMC7447875 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microaerobic cultivation conditions are often beneficial for the biotechnological production of reduced metabolites like 2,3-butanediol. However, due to oxygen limitation, process monitoring based on oxygen transfer rate, or dissolved oxygen measurement provides only limited information. In this study, online monitoring of the respiratory quotient is used to investigate the metabolic activity of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 8785 during mixed acid-2,3-butanediol production under microaerobic conditions. Thereby, the respiratory quotient provides valuable information about different metabolic phases. Based on partial reaction stoichiometries, the metabolic activity in each phase of the cultivation was revealed, explaining the course of the respiratory quotient. This provides profound information on the formation or consumption of glucose, 2,3-butanediol, ethanol and lactate, both, in shake flasks and stirred tank reactor cultivations. Furthermore, the average respiratory quotient correlates with the oxygen availability during the cultivation. Carbon mass balancing revealed that this reflects the increased formation of reduced metabolites with increasing oxygen limitation. The results clearly demonstrate that the respiratory quotient is a valuable online signal to reveal and understand the metabolic activity during microaerobic cultivations. The approach of combining respiratory quotient monitoring with stoichiometric considerations can be applied to other organisms and processes to define suitable cultivation conditions to produce the desired product spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Heyman
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Hannah Tulke
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sastia Prama Putri
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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22
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Engineering a newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain for the production of (2R,3R)-butanediol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 47:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several microorganisms can produce 2,3-butanediol (BDO), an industrially promising chemical. In this study, a Bacillus licheniformis named as 4071, was isolated from soil sample. It is a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strain and could over-produce 2,3-BDO. Due to its mucoid forming characteristics, UV-random mutagenesis was carried out to obtain a mucoid-free strain, 4071-15. As a result, capabilities of 4071-15 strain in terms of transformation efficiency of bacillus plasmids (pC194, pUB110, and pUCB129) and fermentation performance were highly upgraded compared to those of the parent strain. In particular, 4071-15 strain could produce 123 g/L of 2,3-BDO in a fed-batch fermentation in which the ratio of (2R,3S)- to (2R,3R)-form isomers was 1:1. To increase the selectivity of (2R,3R)-BDO, budC gene was deleted by using temperature-sensitive gene deletion process via homologous recombination. The 4071-15 △budC mutant strain dramatically increased selectivity of (2R,3R)-BDO to 91% [96.3 g/L of (2R,3R)-BDO and 9.33 g/L of (2R,3S)-BDO], which was 43% higher than that obtained by the parent strain. This study has shown the potential of an isolate for 2,3-BDO production, and that the ratio of 2,3-BDO can be controlled by genetic engineering depending on its industrial usage.
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Hakizimana O, Matabaro E, Lee BH. The current strategies and parameters for the enhanced microbial production of 2,3-butanediol. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 25:e00397. [PMID: 31853445 PMCID: PMC6911977 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a propitious compound with many industrial uses. 2,3-BD production has always been hampered by low fermentation yields and high production costs. 2,3-BD production may be enhanced by optimization of culture conditions and use of high-producing strains. TMetabolic engineering tools are currently used to generate high-yielding strains.
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a propitious compound with many industrial uses ranging from rubber, fuels, and cosmetics to food additives. Its microbial production has especially attracted as an alternative way to the petroleum-based production. However, 2,3-BD production has always been hampered by low yields and high production costs. The enhanced production of 2,3-butanediol requires screening of the best strains and a systematic optimization of fermentation conditions. Moreover, the metabolic pathway engineering is essential to achieve the best results and minimize the production costs by rendering the strains to use efficiently low cost substrates. This review is to provide up-to-date information on the current strategies and parameters for the enhanced microbial production of 2,3-BD.
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Key Words
- 2, 3-Butanediol
- 2,3-BD, 2,3-Butanediol
- AlsD, α-acetolactate decarboxylase
- AlsS, α-acetolactate synthase
- Butanediol dehydrogenase
- Klebsiella
- MEK, methyl ethyl ketone
- Metabolic engineering
- PUMAs, polyurethane-melamides
- Species
- ackA, acetate kinase-phosphotransacetylase
- adhE, alcohol dehydrogenase
- gldA, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene
- ldhA, lactate dehydrogenase
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hakizimana
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Prov, China
| | - Emmanuel Matabaro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A2B4, Canada
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The first attempt at continuous-mode separation of racemic and meso-2,3-butanediol with high purities using a simulated-moving-bed process. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Psaki O, Maina S, Vlysidis A, Papanikolaou S, de Castro AM, Freire DM, Dheskali E, Kookos I, Koutinas A. Optimisation of 2,3-butanediol production by Enterobacter ludwigii using sugarcane molasses. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Pooth V, van Gaalen K, Trenkamp S, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. Comprehensive analysis of metabolic sensitivity of 1,4-butanediol producing Escherichia coli toward substrate and oxygen availability. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2917. [PMID: 31587523 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, chemical production of 1,4-butanediol is supplemented by biotechnological processes using a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain, which is an industrial showcase of successful application of metabolic engineering. However, large scale bioprocess performance can be affected by presence of physical and chemical gradients in bioreactors which are a consequence of imperfect mixing and limited oxygen transfer. Hence, upscaling comes along with local and time dependent fluctuations of cultivation conditions. This study emphasizes on scale-up related effects of microbial 1,4-butanediol production by comprehensive bioprocess characterization in lab scale. Due to metabolic network constraints 1,4-butanediol formation takes place under oxygen limited microaerobic conditions, which can be hardly realized in large scale bioreactor. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which substrate and oxygen availability influence the productivity. It was found, that the substrate specific product yield and the production rate are higher under substrate excess than under substrate limitation. Furthermore, the level of oxygen supply within microaerobic conditions revealed strong effects on product and by-product formation. Under strong oxygen deprivation nearly 30% of the consumed carbon is converted into 1,4-butanediol, whereas an increase in oxygen supply results in 1,4-butanediol reduction of 77%. Strikingly, increasing oxygen availability leads to strong increase of main by-product acetate as well as doubled carbon dioxide formation. The study provides clear evidence that scale-up of microaerobic bioprocesses constitute a substantial challenge. Although oxygen is strictly required for product formation, the data give clear evidence that terms of anaerobic and especially aerobic conditions strongly interfere with 1,4-butanediol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Pooth
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin van Gaalen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Computational Systems Biotechnology (AVT.CSB), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Song CW, Park JM, Chung SC, Lee SY, Song H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1583-1601. [PMID: 31468234 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chung
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.
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Heyman B, Lamm R, Tulke H, Regestein L, Büchs J. Shake flask methodology for assessing the influence of the maximum oxygen transfer capacity on 2,3-butanediol production. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:78. [PMID: 31053124 PMCID: PMC6498610 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of 2,3-butanediol from renewable resources is a promising measure to decrease the consumption of fossil resources in the chemical industry. One of the most influential parameters on biotechnological 2,3-butanediol production is the oxygen availability during the cultivation. As 2,3-butanediol is produced under microaerobic process conditions, a well-controlled oxygen supply is the key parameter to control biomass formation and 2,3-butanediol production. As biomass is on the one hand not the final product, but on the other hand the essential biocatalyst, the optimal compromise between biomass formation and 2,3-butanediol production has to be defined. RESULTS A shake flask methodology is presented to evaluate the effects of oxygen availability on 2,3-butanediol production with Bacillus licheniformis DSM 8785 by variation of the filling volume. A defined two-stage cultivation strategy was developed to investigate the metabolic response to different defined maximum oxygen transfer capacities at equal initial growth conditions. The respiratory quotient was measured online to determine the point of glucose depletion, as 2,3-butanediol is consumed afterwards. Based on this strategy, comparable results to stirred tank reactors were achieved. The highest space-time yield (1.3 g/L/h) and a 2,3-butanediol concentration of 68 g/L combined with low acetoin concentrations and avoided glycerol formation were achieved at a maximum oxygen transfer capacity of 13 mmol/L/h. The highest overall 2,3-butanediol concentration of 78 g/L was observed at a maximum oxygen transfer capacity of 4 mmol/L/h. CONCLUSIONS The presented shake flask approach reduces the experimental effort and costs providing a fast and reliable methodology to investigate the effects of oxygen availability. This can be applied especially on product and by-product formation under microaerobic conditions. Utilization of the maximum oxygen transfer capacity as measure for the oxygen availability allows for an easy adaption to other bioreactor setups and scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Heyman
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robin Lamm
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Tulke
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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A simple biosynthetic pathway for 2,3-butanediol production in Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3477-3485. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Li C, Jia L, Yu Y, Jin L. Lactic acid induced microRNA-744 enhances motility of SiHa cervical cancer cells through targeting ARHGAP5. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 298:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Palaiogeorgou AM, Papanikolaou S, de Castro AM, Freire DMG, Kookos IK, Koutinas AA. A newly isolatedEnterobactersp. strain produces 2,3-butanediol during its cultivation on low-cost carbohydrate-based substrates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 366:5210085. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Aline Machado de Castro
- Renewable Energy Division, Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS, Avenue Horácio Macedo, 950 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ioannis K Kookos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Advances and prospects of Bacillus subtilis cellular factories: From rational design to industrial applications. Metab Eng 2018; 50:109-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Production of optically pure 2,3-butanediol from Miscanthus floridulus hydrolysate using engineered Bacillus licheniformis strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:66. [PMID: 29687256 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) can be produced by fermentation of natural resources like Miscanthus. Bacillus licheniformis mutants, WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA, were elucidated for the potential to use Miscanthus as a cost-effective biomass to produce optically pure 2,3-BD. Both WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA could efficiently use xylose as well as mixed sugars of glucose and xylose to produce optically pure 2,3-BD. Batch fermentation of M. floridulus hydrolysate could produce 21.6 g/L D-2,3-BD and 23.9 g/L meso-2,3-BD in flask, and 13.8 g/L D-2,3-BD and 13.2 g/L meso-2,3-BD in bioreactor for WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA, respectively. Further fed-batch fermentation of hydrolysate in bioreactor showed both of two strains could produce optically pure 2,3-BD, with 32.2 g/L D-2,3-BD for WX-02ΔbudC and 48.5 g/L meso-2,3-BD for WX-02ΔgldA, respectively. Collectively, WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA can efficiently produce optically pure 2,3-BD with M. floridulus hydrolysate, and these two strains are candidates for industrial production of optical purity of 2,3-BD with M. floridulus hydrolysate.
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Yang Z, Zhang Z. Production of (2R, 3R)-2,3-butanediol using engineered Pichia pastoris: strain construction, characterization and fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:35. [PMID: 29449883 PMCID: PMC5808657 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is a bulk platform chemical with various potential applications such as aviation fuel. 2,3-BD has three optical isomers: (2R, 3R)-, (2S, 3S)- and meso-2,3-BD. Optically pure 2,3-BD is a crucial precursor for the chiral synthesis and it can also be used as anti-freeze agent due to its low freezing point. 2,3-BD has been produced in both native and non-native hosts. Several pathogenic bacteria were reported to produce 2,3-BD in mixture of its optical isomers including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Engineered hosts based on episomal plasmid expression such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis are not ideal for industrial fermentation due to plasmid instability. RESULTS Pichia pastoris is generally regarded as safe and a well-established host for high-level heterologous protein production. To produce pure (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD enantiomer, we developed a P. pastoris strain by introducing a synthetic pathway. The alsS and alsD genes from B. subtilis were codon-optimized and synthesized. The BDH1 gene from S. cerevisiae was cloned. These three pathway genes were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris and expressed under the control of GAP promoter. Production of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD was achieved using glucose as feedstock. The optical purity of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD was more than 99%. The titer of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD reached 12 g/L with 40 g/L glucose as carbon source in shake flask fermentation. The fermentation conditions including pH, agitation speeds and aeration rates were optimized in batch cultivations. The highest titer of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD achieved in fed-batch fermentation using YPD media was 45 g/L. The titer of 2,3-BD was enhanced to 74.5 g/L through statistical medium optimization. CONCLUSIONS The potential of engineering P. pastoris into a microbial cell factory for biofuel production was evaluated in this work using (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD as an example. Engineered P. pastoris could be a promising workhorse for the production of optically pure (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Harvianto GR, Haider J, Hong J, Van Duc Long N, Shim JJ, Cho MH, Kim WK, Lee M. Purification of 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth: process development and techno-economic analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29416563 PMCID: PMC5785907 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a synthetic chemical compound that also can be produced by biomass fermentation, which is gaining share in the global market as an intermediate product for numerous applications, i.e. as liquid fuel or fuel additive. Several metabolic engineering fermentation strategies to enhance the production of 2,3-BDO were developed. However, the recovery of 2,3-BDO from its fermentation broth remains a challenge due to its low concentration and its solubility in water and other components. Thus, a cost-effective recovery process is required to deliver the required purity of 2,3-BDO. This paper presents a new process development and techno-economic analysis for 2,3-BDO purification from a fermentation broth. RESULTS Conventional distillation and hybrid extraction-distillation (HED) processes are proposed in this study with detailed optimization and economic analysis. Particularly, a systematic solvent selection method was successfully implemented to determine a good solvent for the proposed HED configuration based on numerous experimental data obtained with each solvent candidate. NRTL and UNIQUAC property methods were evaluated to obtain binary interaction parameters of 2,3-BDO through rigorous Aspen Plus regression and validated using experimental data. Total annual cost (TAC)-based optimization was performed for each proposed configuration. Even though the HED configuration required 9.5% higher capital cost than conventional distillation, placing an extraction column before the distillation column was effective in removing water from the fermentation broth and significantly improved the overall process economics. CONCLUSIONS Oleyl alcohol was found to be the most suitable solvent for the HED of 2,3-BDO due to its high distribution coefficient and high selectivity. The proposed HED drastically reduced reboiler duty consumption and TAC by up to 54.8 and 25.8%, respectively. The proposed design is expected to be used for the commercial scale of 2,3-BDO production from fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Haider
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Duc Long
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Hwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong 214-1, Gyeongsan, 38541 Republic of Korea
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Rebecchi S, Pinelli D, Zanaroli G, Fava F, Frascari D. Effect of oxygen mass transfer rate on the production of 2,3-butanediol from glucose and agro-industrial byproducts by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC9789. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:145. [PMID: 29796086 PMCID: PMC5964669 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (BD) is a largely used fossil-based platform chemical. The yield and productivity of bio-based BD fermentative production must be increased and cheaper substrates need to be identified, to make bio-based BD production more competitive. As BD bioproduction occurs under microaerobic conditions, a fine tuning and control of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is crucial to maximize BD yield and productivity. Very few studies on BD bioproduction focused on the use of non-pathogenic microorganisms and of byproducts as substrate. The goal of this work was to optimize BD bioproduction by the non-pathogenic strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC9789 by (i) identifying the ranges of volumetric and biomass-specific OTR that maximize BD yield and productivity using standard sugar and protein sources, and (ii) performing a preliminary evaluation of the variation in process performances and cost resulting from the replacement of glucose with molasses, and beef extract/peptone with chicken meat and bone meal, a byproduct of the meat production industry. RESULTS OTR optimization with an expensive, standard medium containing glucose, beef extract and peptone revealed that OTRs in the 7-15 mmol/L/h range lead to an optimal BD yield (0.43 ± 0.03 g/g) and productivity (0.91 ± 0.05 g/L/h). The corresponding optimal range of biomass-specific OTR was equal to 1.4-7.9 [Formula: see text], whereas the respiratory quotient ranged from 1.8 to 2.5. The switch to an agro-industrial byproduct-based medium containing chicken meat and bone meal and molasses led to a 50% decrease in both BD yield and productivity. A preliminary economic analysis indicated that the use of the byproduct-based medium can reduce by about 45% the BD production cost. CONCLUSIONS A procedure for OTR optimization was developed and implemented, leading to the identification of a range of biomass-specific OTR and respiratory quotient to be used for the scale-up and control of BD bioproduction by Bacillus licheniformis. The switch to a byproduct-based medium led to a relevant decrease in BD production cost. Further research is needed to optimize the process of BD bioproduction from the tested byproduct-based medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rebecchi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pinelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Zanaroli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Frascari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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Biotransformation of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol using newly isolated bacteria from environmental consortia. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2,3-Butanediol production using Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724: Evaluation of biomass derived sugars and fed-batch fermentation process. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Guragain YN, Chitta D, Karanjikar M, Vadlani PV. Appropriate lignocellulosic biomass processing strategies for efficient 2,3-butanediol production from biomass-derived sugars using Bacillus licheniformis DSM 8785. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Evaluation of Brown Midrib Sorghum Mutants as a Potential Biomass Feedstock for 2,3-Butanediol Biosynthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1093-1110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Ahmad QUA, Yang ST, Manzoor M, Qazi JI. Moderate alkali-thermophilic ethanologenesis by locally isolated Bacillus licheniformis from Pakistan employing sugarcane bagasse: a comparative aspect of aseptic and non-aseptic fermentations. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:105. [PMID: 28450886 PMCID: PMC5402650 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuels obtained from first-generation (1G) sugars-starch streams have been proven unsustainable as their constant consumption is not only significantly costly for commercial scale production systems, but it could potentially lead to problems associated with extortionate food items for human usage. In this regard, biofuels' production in alkali-thermophilic environs from second-generation (2G) bio-waste would not only be markedly feasible, but these extreme conditions might be able to sustain aseptic fermentations without spending much for sterilization. RESULTS Present investigation deals with the valuation of ethanologenic potential of locally isolated moderate alkali-thermophilic fermentative bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis KU886221 employing sugarcane cane bagasse (SCB) as substrate. A standard 2-factor central composite response surface design was used to estimate the optimized cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymatic hydrolysis of SCB into maximum fermentable sugars. After elucidation of optimized levels of fermentation factors affecting ethanol fermentation using Taguchi OA L27 (3^13) experimental design, free cell batch culture was carried out in bench-scale stirred-tank bioreactor for ethanol fermentation. Succeeding fermentation modifications included subsequent substrate addition, immobilized cells fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) incorporation to the basic setup, and performance of in situ gas stripping for attaining improved ethanol yield. Highest ethanol yield of 1.1406 mol ethanol/mol of equivalent sugars consumed was obtained when gas stripping was performed during fed-batch fermentation involving FBB under aseptic conditions. Despite the fact that under non-aseptic conditions, 30.5% lesser ethanol was formed, still, reduced yield might be considered influential as it saved the cost of sterilization for ethanol production. CONCLUSION Effectual utilization of low-priced abundantly available lignocellulosic waste sugarcane bagasse under non-aseptic moderate alkali-thermophilic fermentation conditions as directed in this study has appeared very promising for large-scale cost-effective bioethanol generation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rahman MS, Xu CC, Ma K, Nanda M, Qin W. High Production of 2,3-butanediol by a Mutant Strain of the Newly Isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae SRP2 with Increased Tolerance Towards Glycerol. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:308-318. [PMID: 28367095 PMCID: PMC5370438 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, a renewable fuel produced by transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils, generates about 10% (v/v) of crude glycerol as a core byproduct. The high volume of this non bio-degradable glycerol is becoming of a great environmental and economical concern due to its worldwide ever-growing surplus. Herein we report a high production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from pure and biodiesel derived crude glycerol using a mutant K. pneumoniae SRM2 obtained from a newly isolated strain Klebsiella pneumoniae SRP2. The mutant strain SRM2 with standing high glycerol concentration (220 g L-1 of medium) could rapidly convert glycerol aerobically to 2,3-BD, a versatile product extensively used in chemical, pharmaceutical and fuel industries Our study revealed that an increased GDH activity led to a substantially enhanced production of 2,3-BD. The mutant strain exhibited 1.3-fold higher activity of GDH than that of parent strain (500.08 vs. 638.6 µmol min -1 mg -1 protein), yielding of 32.3 g L-1 and 77.5 g L-1 2,3-BD with glycerol in batch and fed-batch process respectively. However, in batch culture with crude glycerol, cell growth and glycerol consumption were expressively boosted, and 2,3-BD production was 27.7 g L-1 from 75.0 g/L crude glycerol. In this report, the optimal conditions for high production of 2,3-BD were defined in a completely aerobic process, and 0.59 g g-1 product yield of 2,3-BD was attained by the mutated strain K. pneumoniae SRM2, which is the highest amount obtained from batch biotransformation process of glycerol metabolism till today. These results indicated that our newly developed mutant can tolerate high concentration of glycerol, have a high glycerol utilization rate, and high product yield of 2,3-BD. It is demonstrated that the mutant strain K. pneumoniae SRM2 has an ability to produce fewer co-products at trace concentrations at higher glycerol concentrations, and could be a potential candidate for 2,3-DB production in an industrial bioconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada;; Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kesen Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Malaya Nanda
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Nawaz MA, Bibi Z, Karim A, Rehman HU, Jamal M, Jan T, Aman A, Qader SAU. Production of α-1,4-glucosidase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 by utilizing sweet potato peel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4058-4066. [PMID: 27928754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, sweet potato peel (Ipomoea batatas) was observed as the most favorable substrate for the maximum synthesis of α-1,4-glucosidase among various agro-industrial residues. Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 produced 6533.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase when growth medium was supplemented with 1% dried and crushed sweet potato peel. It was evident from the results that bacterial isolate secreted 6539.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase in the presence of 0.4% peptone and meat extract with 0.1% yeast extract. B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 released 6739.0 and 7190.0 U ml-1 of enzyme at 40 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. An improved and cost-effective growth medium design resulted 8590.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase with 1.3-fold increase as compared to initial amount from B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4. This enzyme can be used to fulfill the accelerating demand of food and pharmaceutical industries. Further purification and immobilization of this enzyme can also enhance its utility for various commercial applications. Graphical abstract Pictorial representation of maltase production from sweet potato peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan.
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Karim
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour Jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chaldara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Li C, Gai Z, Wang K, Jin L. Engineering Bacillus licheniformis as a thermophilic platform for the production of l-lactic acid from lignocellulose-derived sugars. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:235. [PMID: 29046721 PMCID: PMC5637338 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus licheniformis MW3 as a GRAS and thermophilic strain is a promising microorganism for chemical and biofuel production. However, its capacity to co-utilize glucose and xylose, the major sugars found in lignocellulosic biomass, is severely impaired by glucose-mediated carbon catabolite repression (CCR). In this study, a "dual-channel" process was implemented to engineer strain MW3 for simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose, using l-lactic acid as a target product. RESULTS A non-phosphotransferase system (PTS) glucose uptake route was activated via deletion of the glucose transporter gene ptsG and introduction of the galactose permease gene galP. After replacing the promoter of glucokinase gene glck with the strong promoter Pals, the engineered strain recovered glucose consumption and utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously. Meanwhile, to improve the consumption rate of xylose in this strain, several measures were undertaken, such as relieving the regulation of the xylose repressor XylR, reducing the catabolite-responsive element, and optimizing the rate-limiting step. Knockout of ethanol and acetic acid pathway genes further increased lactic acid yield by 6.2%. The resultant strain, RH15, was capable of producing 121.9 g/L l-lactic acid at high yield (95.3%) after 40 h of fermentation from a mixture of glucose and xylose. When a lignocellulosic hydrolysate was used as the substrate, 99.3 g/L l-lactic acid was produced within 40 h, with a specific productivity of 2.48 g/[L h] and a yield of 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS Our engineered strain B. licheniformis RH15 could thermophilically produced l-lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate with relatively high concentration and productivity at levels that were competitive with most reported cases of l-lactic acid-producers. Thus, the engineered strain might be used as a platform for the production of other chemicals. In addition to engineering the B. licheniformis strain, the "dual-channel" process might serve as an alternative method for engineering a variety of other strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongchao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Alcohols (CnHn+2OH) are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, which can be branched or unbranched. They can also feature more than one OH-group (two OH-groups = diol; three OH-groups = triol). Presently, except for ethanol and sugar alcohols, they are mainly produced from fossil-based resources, such as petroleum, gas, and coal. Methanol and ethanol have the highest annual production volume accounting for 53 and 91 million tons/year, respectively. Most alcohols are used as fuels (e.g., ethanol), solvents (e.g., butanol), and chemical intermediates.This chapter gives an overview of recent research on the production of short-chain unbranched alcohols (C1-C5), focusing in particular on propanediols (1,2- and 1,3-propanediol), butanols, and butanediols (1,4- and 2,3-butanediol). It also provides a short summary on biobased higher alcohols (>C5) including branched alcohols.
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Kallbach M, Horn S, Kuenz A, Prüße U. Screening of novel bacteria for the 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1025-1033. [PMID: 27687995 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnologically produced 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a potential starting material for industrial bulk chemicals such as butadiene or methyl ethyl ketone which are currently produced from fossil feedstocks. So far, the highest 2,3-BDO concentrations have been obtained with risk group 2 microorganisms. In this study, three risk group 1 microorganisms are presented that are so far unknown for an efficient production of 2,3-BDO. The strains Bacillus atrophaeus NRS-213, Bacillus mojavensis B-14698, and Bacillus vallismortis B-14891 were evaluated regarding their ability to produce high 2,3-BDO concentrations with a broad range of different carbon sources. A maximum 2,3-BDO concentration of 60.4 g/L was reached with the strain B. vallismortis B-14891 with an initial glucose concentration of 200 g/L within 55 h in a batch cultivation. Besides glucose, B. vallismortis B-14891 converts 14 different substrates that can be obtained from residual biomass sources to 2,3-BDO. Therefore B. vallismortis B-14891 is a promising candidate for the large-scale production of 2,3-BDO with low-cost substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malee Kallbach
- Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sonja Horn
- Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anja Kuenz
- Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ulf Prüße
- Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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Bosma EF, Koehorst JJ, van Hijum SAFT, Renckens B, Vriesendorp B, van de Weijer AHP, Schaap PJ, de Vos WM, van der Oost J, van Kranenburg R. Complete genome sequence of thermophilic Bacillus smithii type strain DSM 4216(T). Stand Genomic Sci 2016; 11:52. [PMID: 27559429 PMCID: PMC4995803 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus smithii is a facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium able to use a variety of sugars that can be derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Being genetically accessible, it is a potential new host for biotechnological production of green chemicals from renewable resources. We determined the complete genomic sequence of the B. smithii type strain DSM 4216(T), which consists of a 3,368,778 bp chromosome (GenBank accession number CP012024.1) and a 12,514 bp plasmid (GenBank accession number CP012025.1), together encoding 3880 genes. Genome annotation via RAST was complemented by a protein domain analysis. Some unique features of B. smithii central metabolism in comparison to related organisms included the lack of a standard acetate production pathway with no apparent pyruvate formate lyase, phosphotransacetylase, and acetate kinase genes, while acetate was the second fermentation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elleke F. Bosma
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800 Denmark
| | - Jasper J. Koehorst
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bernadet Renckens
- CMBI, NCMLS, Geert-Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Kranenburg
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Corbion, Arkelsedijk 46, 4206 AC Gorinchem, The Netherlands
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Fu J, Huo G, Feng L, Mao Y, Wang Z, Ma H, Chen T, Zhao X. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for chiral pure meso-2,3-butanediol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:90. [PMID: 27099629 PMCID: PMC4837526 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) with low toxicity to microbes, could be a promising alternative for biofuel production. However, most of the 2,3-BD producers are opportunistic pathogens that are not suitable for industrial-scale fermentation. In our previous study, wild-type Bacillus subtilis 168, as a class I microorganism, was first found to generate only d-(-)-2,3-BD (purity >99 %) under low oxygen conditions. RESULTS In this work, B. subtilis was engineered to produce chiral pure meso-2,3-BD. First, d-(-)-2,3-BD production was abolished by deleting d-(-)-2,3-BD dehydrogenase coding gene bdhA, and acoA gene was knocked out to prevent the degradation of acetoin (AC), the immediate precursor of 2,3-BD. Next, both pta and ldh gene were deleted to decrease the accumulation of the byproducts, acetate and l-lactate. We further introduced the meso-2,3-BD dehydrogenase coding gene budC from Klebsiella pneumoniae CICC10011, as well as overexpressed alsSD in the tetra-mutant (ΔacoAΔbdhAΔptaΔldh) to achieve the efficient production of chiral meso-2,3-BD. Finally, the pool of NADH availability was further increased to facilitate the conversion of meso-2,3-BD from AC by overexpressing udhA gene (coding a soluble transhydrogenase) and low dissolved oxygen control during the cultivation. Under microaerobic oxygen conditions, the best strain BSF9 produced 103.7 g/L meso-2,3-BD with a yield of 0.487 g/g glucose in the 5-L batch fermenter, and the titer of the main byproduct AC was no more than 1.1 g/L. CONCLUSION This work offered a novel strategy for the production of chiral pure meso-2,3-BD in B. subtilis. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that metabolic engineered B. subtilis could produce chiral meso-2,3-BD with high purity under limited oxygen conditions. These results further demonstrated that B. subtilis as a class I microorganism is a competitive industrial-level meso-2,3-BD producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Huo
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang L, Guo Z, Chen J, Xu Q, Lin H, Hu K, Guan X, Shen Y. Mechanism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers formation in a newly isolated Serratia sp. T241. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19257. [PMID: 26753612 PMCID: PMC4709696 DOI: 10.1038/srep19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia sp. T241, a newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, produced three 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) stereoisomers. In this study, three 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDH1-3) and one glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in 2,3-BD isomers formation by Serratia sp. T241 were identified. In vitro conversion showed BDH1 and BDH2 could catalyzed (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin into (2S,3S)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD, while BDH3 and GDH exhibited the activities from (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-BD and (2R,3R)-2,3-BD. Four encoding genes were assembled into E. coli with budA (acetolactate decarboxylase) and budB (acetolactate synthase), responsible for converting pyruvate into acetoin. E. coli expressing budAB-bdh1/2 produced meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD. Correspondingly, (2R,3R)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD were obtained by E. coli expressing budAB-bdh3/gdh. These results suggested four enzymes might contribute to 2,3-BD isomers formation. Mutants of four genes were developed in Serratia sp. T241. Δbdh1 led to reduced concentration of meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD by 97.7% and 87.9%. (2R,3R)-2,3-BD with a loss of 73.3% was produced by Δbdh3. Enzyme activity assays showed the decrease of 98.4% and 22.4% by Δbdh1 and Δbdh3 compared with the wild strain. It suggested BDH1 and BDH3 played important roles in 2,3-BD formation, BDH2 and GDH have small effects on 2,3-BD production by Serratia sp. T241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Zewang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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Qiu Y, Zhang J, Li L, Wen Z, Nomura CT, Wu S, Chen S. Engineering Bacillus licheniformis for the production of meso-2,3-butanediol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:117. [PMID: 27257436 PMCID: PMC4890260 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) can be used as a liquid fuel additive to replace petroleum oil, and as an important platform chemical in the pharmaceutical and plastic industries. Microbial production of 2,3-BD by Bacillus licheniformis presents potential advantages due to its GRAS status, but previous attempts to use this microorganism as a chassis strain resulted in the production of a mix of D-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD isomers. RESULTS The aim of this work was to develop an engineered strain of B. licheniformis suited to produce the high titers of the pure meso-2,3-BD isomer. Glycerol dehydrogenase (Gdh) was identified as the catalyst for D-2,3-BD biosynthesis from its precursor acetoin in B. licheniformis. The gdh gene was, therefore, deleted from the wild-type strain WX-02 to inhibit the flux of acetoin to D-2,3-BD biosynthesis. The acoR gene involved in acetoin degradation through AoDH ES was also deleted to provide adequate flux from acetoin towards meso-2,3-BD. By re-directing the carbon flux distribution, the double-deletion mutant WX-02ΔgdhΔacoR produced 28.2 g/L of meso-2,3-BD isomer with >99 % purity. The titer was 50 % higher than that of the wide type. A bench-scale fermentation by the double-deletion mutant was developed to further improve meso-2,3-BD production. In a fed-batch fermentation, meso-2,3-BD titer reached 98.0 g/L with a purity of >99.0 % and a productivity of 0.94 g/L-h. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the potential of producing meso-2,3-BD with high titer and purity through metabolic engineering of B. licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qiu
- />Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
- />Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- />Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Christopher T. Nomura
- />Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
- />Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF), Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Shuilin Wu
- />Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- />Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
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