1
|
Rodina A, Xu C, Digwal CS, Joshi S, Patel Y, Santhaseela AR, Bay S, Merugu S, Alam A, Yan P, Yang C, Roychowdhury T, Panchal P, Shrestha L, Kang Y, Sharma S, Almodovar J, Corben A, Alpaugh ML, Modi S, Guzman ML, Fei T, Taldone T, Ginsberg SD, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Manova-Todorova K, Tsou MFB, Young JC, Wang T, Chiosis G. Systems-level analyses of protein-protein interaction network dysfunctions via epichaperomics identify cancer-specific mechanisms of stress adaptation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3742. [PMID: 37353488 PMCID: PMC10290137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems-level assessments of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network dysfunctions are currently out-of-reach because approaches enabling proteome-wide identification, analysis, and modulation of context-specific PPI changes in native (unengineered) cells and tissues are lacking. Herein, we take advantage of chemical binders of maladaptive scaffolding structures termed epichaperomes and develop an epichaperome-based 'omics platform, epichaperomics, to identify PPI alterations in disease. We provide multiple lines of evidence, at both biochemical and functional levels, demonstrating the importance of these probes to identify and study PPI network dysfunctions and provide mechanistically and therapeutically relevant proteome-wide insights. As proof-of-principle, we derive systems-level insight into PPI dysfunctions of cancer cells which enabled the discovery of a context-dependent mechanism by which cancer cells enhance the fitness of mitotic protein networks. Importantly, our systems levels analyses support the use of epichaperome chemical binders as therapeutic strategies aimed at normalizing PPI networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yogita Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Anand R Santhaseela
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sadik Bay
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Swathi Merugu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aftab Alam
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liza Shrestha
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yanlong Kang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Justina Almodovar
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology & the NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Toorn M, Gooch A, Boerner S, Kiyomitsu T. NuMA deficiency causes micronuclei via checkpoint-insensitive k-fiber minus-end detachment from mitotic spindle poles. Curr Biol 2023; 33:572-580.e2. [PMID: 36626904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei resulting from improper chromosome segregation foster chromosome rearrangements.1,2 To prevent micronuclei formation in mitosis, the dynamic plus ends of bundled kinetochore microtubules (k-fibers) must establish bipolar attachment with all sister kinetochores on chromosomes,3 whereas k-fiber minus ends must be clustered at the two opposing spindle poles, which are normally connected with centrosomes.4 The establishment of chromosome biorientation via k-fiber plus ends is carefully monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).5 However, how k-fiber minus-end clustering near centrosomes is maintained and monitored remains poorly understood. Here, we show that degradation of NuMA by auxin-inducible degron technologies results in micronuclei formation through k-fiber minus-end detachment from spindle poles during metaphase in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Importantly, k-fiber minus-end detachment from one pole creates misaligned chromosomes that maintain chromosome biorientation and satisfy the SAC, resulting in abnormal chromosome segregation. NuMA depletion also causes minus-end clustering defects in non-transformed Rpe1 cells, but it additionally induces centrosome detachment from partially focused poles, resulting in highly disorganized anaphase. Moreover, we find that NuMA depletion causes centrosome clustering defects in tetraploid-like cells, leading to an increased frequency of multipolar divisions. Together, our data indicate that NuMA is required for faithful chromosome segregation in human mitotic cells, generally by maintaining k-fiber minus-end clustering but also by promoting spindle pole-centrosome or centrosome-centrosome connection in specific cell types or contexts. Similar to erroneous merotelic kinetochore attachments,6 detachment of k-fiber minus ends from spindle poles evades spindle checkpoint surveillance and may therefore be a source of genomic instability in dividing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin van Toorn
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Gooch
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Susan Boerner
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kiyomitsu
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cohen-Armon M. Exclusive modifications of NuMA in malignant epithelial cells: A potential therapeutic mechanism. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1205-1209. [PMID: 35143964 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus) protein is indispensable in the mitosis of human proliferating cells, both malignant and benign. The progression of mitosis requires stable spindles, which depend on the bipolar clustering of NuMA within the spindles. The phenanthridine PJ34 kills malignant epithelial cells during mitosis and targets NuMA. PJ34 exclusively blocks the post-translational modification of NuMA in a variety of malignant epithelial cells, but not in benign cells. This blockage of the post-translational modification of NuMA affects its protein-binding capacity and causes construction faults in the mitotic spindle poles of PJ34-treated cancer cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe cell death. PJ34 is a potent PARP1 inhibitor, so its cytotoxicity in human malignant cells is exclusively independent of PARP, challenging the currently accepted notion that inhibition of PARP1 halts cancer by preventing DNA repair. Certain molecules that act as PARP1 inhibitors target other proteins and vital mechanisms in human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malka Cohen-Armon
- The Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simpson CM, Gnad F. Applying graph database technology for analyzing perturbed co-expression networks in cancer. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2020:6029398. [PMID: 33306799 PMCID: PMC7731929 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Graph representations provide an elegant solution to capture and analyze complex molecular mechanisms in the cell. Co-expression networks are undirected graph representations of transcriptional co-behavior indicating (co-)regulations, functional modules or even physical interactions between the corresponding gene products. The growing avalanche of available RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data fuels the construction of such networks, which are usually stored in relational databases like most other biological data. Inferring linkage by recursive multiple-join statements, however, is computationally expensive and complex to design in relational databases. In contrast, graph databases store and represent complex interconnected data as nodes, edges and properties, making it fast and intuitive to query and analyze relationships. While graph-based database technologies are on their way from a fringe domain to going mainstream, there are only a few studies reporting their application to biological data. We used the graph database management system Neo4j to store and analyze co-expression networks derived from RNAseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Comparing co-expression in tumors versus healthy tissues in six cancer types revealed significant perturbation tracing back to erroneous or rewired gene regulation. Applying centrality, community detection and pathfinding graph algorithms uncovered the destruction or creation of central nodes, modules and relationships in co-expression networks of tumors. Given the speed, accuracy and straightforwardness of managing these densely connected networks, we conclude that graph databases are ready for entering the arena of biological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Simpson
- Department of Bioinformatics and Data Science, Cell Signaling Technology Inc., 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Florian Gnad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Data Science, Cell Signaling Technology Inc., 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serra-Marques A, Houtekamer R, Hintzen D, Canty JT, Yildiz A, Dumont S. The mitotic protein NuMA plays a spindle-independent role in nuclear formation and mechanics. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202004202. [PMID: 33044554 PMCID: PMC7555356 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells typically form a single, round nucleus after mitosis, and failures to do so can compromise genomic integrity. How mammalian cells form such a nucleus remains incompletely understood. NuMA is a spindle protein whose disruption results in nuclear fragmentation. What role NuMA plays in nuclear integrity, and whether its perceived role stems from its spindle function, are unclear. Here, we use live imaging to demonstrate that NuMA plays a spindle-independent role in forming a single, round nucleus. NuMA keeps the decondensing chromosome mass compact at mitotic exit and promotes a mechanically robust nucleus. NuMA's C terminus binds DNA in vitro and chromosomes in interphase, while its coiled-coil acts as a central regulatory and structural element: it prevents NuMA from binding chromosomes at mitosis, regulates its nuclear mobility, and is essential for nuclear formation. Thus, NuMA plays a structural role over the cell cycle, building and maintaining the spindle and nucleus, two of the cell's largest structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serra-Marques
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ronja Houtekamer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dorine Hintzen
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John T. Canty
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jean F, Stuart A, Tarailo-Graovac M. Dissecting the Genetic and Etiological Causes of Primary Microcephaly. Front Neurol 2020; 11:570830. [PMID: 33178111 PMCID: PMC7593518 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.570830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH; “small head syndrome”) is a rare, heterogeneous disease arising from the decreased production of neurons during brain development. As of August 2020, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database lists 25 genes (involved in molecular processes such as centriole biogenesis, microtubule dynamics, spindle positioning, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, Wnt signaling, and cell cycle checkpoints) that are implicated in causing MCPH. Many of these 25 genes were only discovered in the last 10 years following advances in exome and genome sequencing that have improved our ability to identify disease-causing variants. Despite these advances, many patients still lack a genetic diagnosis. This demonstrates a need to understand in greater detail the molecular mechanisms and genetics underlying MCPH. Here, we briefly review the molecular functions of each MCPH gene and how their loss disrupts the neurogenesis program, ultimately demonstrating that microcephaly arises from cell cycle dysregulation. We also explore the current issues in the genetic basis and clinical presentation of MCPH as additional avenues of improving gene/variant prioritization. Ultimately, we illustrate that the detailed exploration of the etiology and inheritance of MCPH improves the predictive power in identifying previously unknown MCPH candidates and diagnosing microcephalic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Stuart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Modified Phenanthridine PJ34 Unveils an Exclusive Cell-Death Mechanism in Human Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061628. [PMID: 32575437 PMCID: PMC7352794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview summarizes recent data disclosing the efficacy of the PARP inhibitor PJ34 in exclusive eradication of a variety of human cancer cells without impairing healthy proliferating cells. Its cytotoxic activity in cancer cells is attributed to the insertion of specific un-repairable anomalies in the structure of their mitotic spindle, leading to mitotic catastrophe cell death. This mechanism paves the way to a new concept of cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Amin MA, Agarwal S, Varma D. Mapping the kinetochore MAP functions required for stabilizing microtubule attachments to chromosomes during metaphase. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:398-412. [PMID: 31454167 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mitosis, faithful chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the dynamic interactions between the spindle microtubules (MTs) emanating from the opposite poles and the kinetochores of the chromosomes. However, the precise mechanism that coordinates the coupling of the kinetochore components to dynamic MTs has been a long-standing question. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate MT nucleation and dynamics, MT-mediated transport and MT cross-linking in cells. During mitosis, MAPs play an essential role not only in determining spindle length, position, and orientation but also in facilitating robust kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments by linking the kinetochores to spindle MTs efficiently. The stability of MTs imparted by the MAPs is critical to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. This review primarily focuses on the specific function of nonmotor kinetochore MAPs, their recruitment to kinetochores and their MT-binding properties. We also attempt to synthesize and strengthen our understanding of how these MAPs work in coordination with the kinetochore-bound Ndc80 complex (the key component at the MT-binding interface in metaphase and anaphase) to establish stable kMT attachments and control accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosas-Salvans M, Scrofani J, Modol A, Vernos I. DnaJB6 is a RanGTP-regulated protein required for microtubule organization during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.227033. [PMID: 31064815 PMCID: PMC6589090 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar spindle organization is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. This organization relies on the collective activities of motor proteins. The minus-end-directed dynein motor complex generates spindle inward forces and plays a major role in spindle pole focusing. The dynactin complex regulates many dynein functions, increasing its processivity and force production. Here, we show that DnaJB6 is a novel RanGTP-regulated protein. It interacts with the dynactin subunit p150Glued (also known as DCTN1) in a RanGTP-dependent manner specifically in M-phase, and promotes spindle pole focusing and dynein force generation. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which RanGTP regulates dynein activity during M-phase. Summary: DnaJB6 is a novel RanGTP-regulated protein that appears to play an important role in dynein-dependent spindle organization and spindle assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Rosas-Salvans
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacopo Scrofani
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Modol
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manukyan A, Sargsyan L, Parsons SJ, Stukenberg PT. P190RhoGAP prevents mitotic spindle fragmentation and is required to activate Aurora A kinase at acentriolar poles. Chromosoma 2018; 127:375-386. [PMID: 29656322 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the mitotic spindle is essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Maintenance of spindle poles requires precise regulation of kinesin- and dynein-generated forces, and improper regulation of these forces disrupts pole integrity leading to pole fragmentation. The formation and function of the mitotic spindle are regulated by many proteins, including Aurora A kinase and the motor proteins Kif2a and Eg5. Here, we characterize a surprising role for the RhoA GTPase-activating protein, p190RhoGAP, in regulating the mitotic spindle. We show that cells depleted of p190RhoGAP arrest for long periods in mitosis during which cells go through multiple transitions between having bipolar and multipolar spindles. Most of the p190RhoGAP-depleted cells finally achieve a stable bipolar attachment and proceed through anaphase. The multipolar spindle phenotype can be rescued by low doses of an Eg5 inhibitor. Moreover, we show that p190RhoGAP-depleted multipolar cells localize Aurora A to all the poles, but the kinase is only activated at the two centriolar poles. Overall, our data identify an unappreciated connection between p190RhoGAP and the proteins that control spindle poles including Aurora A kinase and Eg5 that is required to prevent or correct spindle pole fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadi Manukyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lilit Sargsyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah J Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- , Charlottesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Regulation of spindle integrity and mitotic fidelity by BCCIP. Oncogene 2017; 36:4750-4766. [PMID: 28394342 PMCID: PMC5561484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes together with the mitotic spindle ensure the faithful distribution of chromosomes between daughter cells, and spindle orientation is a major determinant of cell fate during tissue regeneration. Spindle defects are not only an impetus of chromosome instability but are also a cause of developmental disorders involving defective asymmetric cell division. In this work, we demonstrate BCCIP, especially BCCIPα, as a previously unidentified component of the mitotic spindle pole and the centrosome. We demonstrate that BCCIP localizes proximal to the mother centriole and participates in microtubule organization and then redistributes to the spindle pole to ensure faithful spindle architecture. We find that BCCIP depletion leads to morphological defects, disoriented mitotic spindles, chromosome congression defects and delayed mitotic progression. Our study identifies BCCIP as a novel factor critical for microtubule regulation and explicates a mechanism utilized by BCCIP in tumor suppression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chu X, Chen X, Wan Q, Zheng Z, Du Q. Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) Interacts with and Regulates Astrin at the Mitotic Spindle. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20055-67. [PMID: 27462074 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.724831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The large nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein is an essential player in mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance. We report here the identification of Astrin, a spindle- and kinetochore-associated protein, as a novel interactor of NuMA. We show that the C-terminal tail of NuMA can directly bind to the C terminus of Astrin and that this interaction helps to recruit Astrin to microtubules. Knockdown of NuMA by RNA interference dramatically impaired Astrin recruitment to the mitotic spindle. Overexpression of the N terminus of mammalian homologue of Drosophila Pins (LGN), which blocks the microtubule binding of NuMA and competes with Astrin for NuMA binding, also led to similar results. Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic dynein is required for the spindle pole accumulation of Astrin, and dynein-mediated transport is important for balanced distribution of Astrin between spindle poles and kinetochores. On the other hand, if Astrin levels are reduced, then NuMA could not efficiently concentrate at the spindle poles. Our findings reveal a direct physical link between two important regulators of mitotic progression and demonstrate the critical role of the NuMA-Astrin interaction for accurate cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chu
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Qingwen Wan
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Zhen Zheng
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Quansheng Du
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan K, Li L, Wang X, Hong R, Zhang Y, Yang H, Lin M, Zhang S, He Q, Zheng D, Tang J, Yin Y, Shao G. The deubiquitinating enzyme complex BRISC is required for proper mitotic spindle assembly in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2016. [PMID: 26195665 PMCID: PMC4508884 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein BRISC regulates the interaction of NuMA with dynein and importin-β by removing K63-linked polyubiquitin chains from NuMA, thereby promoting proper bipolar spindle assembly. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) negatively regulate protein ubiquitination and play an important role in diverse physiological processes, including mitotic division. The BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) is a DUB that is specific for lysine 63–linked ubiquitin hydrolysis; however, its biological function remains largely undefined. Here, we identify a critical role for BRISC in the control of mitotic spindle assembly in cultured mammalian cells. BRISC is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein complex that predominantly localizes to the minus ends of K-fibers and spindle poles and directly binds to MTs; importantly, BRISC promotes the assembly of functional bipolar spindle by deubiquitinating the essential spindle assembly factor nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA). The deubiquitination of NuMA regulates its interaction with dynein and importin-β, which are required for its function in spindle assembly. Collectively, these results uncover BRISC as an important regulator of the mitotic spindle assembly and cell division, and have important implications for the development of anticancer drugs targeting BRISC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaowen Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruisha Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qihua He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Duo Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Genze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ohta S, Hamada M, Sato N, Toramoto I. Polyglutamylated Tubulin Binding Protein C1orf96/CSAP Is Involved in Microtubule Stabilization in Mitotic Spindles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142798. [PMID: 26562023 PMCID: PMC4642972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome-associated C1orf96/Centriole, Cilia and Spindle-Associated Protein (CSAP) targets polyglutamylated tubulin in mitotic microtubules (MTs). Loss of CSAP causes critical defects in brain development; however, it is unclear how CSAP association with MTs affects mitosis progression. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of CSAP with mitotic spindles. Loss of CSAP caused MT instability in mitotic spindles and resulted in mislocalization of Nuclear protein that associates with the Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA), with defective MT dynamics. Thus, CSAP overload in the spindles caused extensive MT stabilization and recruitment of NuMA. Moreover, MT stabilization by CSAP led to high levels of polyglutamylation on MTs. MT depolymerization by cold or nocodazole treatment was inhibited by CSAP binding. Live-cell imaging analysis suggested that CSAP-dependent MT-stabilization led to centrosome-free MT aster formation immediately upon nuclear envelope breakdown without γ-tubulin. We therefore propose that CSAP associates with MTs around centrosomes to stabilize MTs during mitosis, ensuring proper bipolar spindle formation and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohta
- From the Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mayako Hamada
- From the Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sato
- From the Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Iyo Toramoto
- From the Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ohta S, Wood L, Toramoto I, Yagyu KI, Fukagawa T, Earnshaw WC. CENP-32 is required to maintain centrosomal dominance in bipolar spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1225-37. [PMID: 25657325 PMCID: PMC4454171 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-32 depletion releases centrosomes from spindles after initiating spindle assembly. The free centrosomes do not interfere with the structure or function of the bipolar anastral spindle. The asters appear to be able to interact with the surface of the spindle but are unable to incorporate into it. Centrosomes nucleate spindle formation, direct spindle pole positioning, and are important for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis in most animal cells. We previously reported that centromere protein 32 (CENP-32) is required for centrosome association with spindle poles during metaphase. In this study, we show that CENP-32 depletion seems to release centrosomes from bipolar spindles whose assembly they had previously initiated. Remarkably, the resulting anastral spindles function normally, aligning the chromosomes to a metaphase plate and entering anaphase without detectable interference from the free centrosomes, which appear to behave as free asters in these cells. The free asters, which contain reduced but significant levels of CDK5RAP2, show weak interactions with spindle microtubules but do not seem to make productive attachments to kinetochores. Thus CENP-32 appears to be required for centrosomes to integrate into a fully functional spindle that not only nucleates astral microtubules, but also is able to nucleate and bind to kinetochore and central spindle microtubules. Additional data suggest that NuMA tethers microtubules at the anastral spindle poles and that augmin is required for centrosome detachment after CENP-32 depletion, possibly due to an imbalance of forces within the spindle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohta
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Laura Wood
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Iyo Toramoto
- Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yagyu
- Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma R, Hou X, Zhang L, Sun SC, Schedl T, Moley K, Wang Q. Rab5a is required for spindle length control and kinetochore-microtubule attachment during meiosis in oocytes. FASEB J 2014; 28:4026-35. [PMID: 24876181 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are highly conserved components of vesicle trafficking pathways. Rab5, as a master regulator of endocytic trafficking, has been shown to function in membrane tethering and docking. However, the function of Rab5 in meiosis has not been addressed. Here, we report elongated spindles and misaligned chromosomes, with kinetochore-microtubule misattachments, on specific depletion of Rab5a in mouse oocytes. Moreover, the localization and levels of centromere protein F (CENPF), a component of the nuclear matrix, are severely reduced at kinetochores in metaphase oocytes following Rab5a knockdown. Consistent with this finding, nuclear lamina disassembly in the transition from prophase arrest to meiosis I is also impaired in Rab5a-depleted oocytes. Notably, oocyte-specific ablation of CENPF phenocopies the meiotic defects resulting from Rab5a knockdown. In summary, our data support a model where Rab5a-positive vesicles, likely through interaction with nuclear lamina, modulate CENPF localization and levels at centromeres, consequently ensuring proper spindle length and kinetochore-microtubule attachment in meiotic oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tim Schedl
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelle Moley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mäki-Jouppila JHE, Laine LJ, Rehnberg J, Narvi E, Tiikkainen P, Hukasova E, Halonen P, Lindqvist A, Kallio L, Poso A, Kallio MJ. Centmitor-1, a novel acridinyl-acetohydrazide, possesses similar molecular interaction field and antimitotic cellular phenotype as rigosertib, on 01910.Na. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1054-66. [PMID: 24748653 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is an attractive target for the development of new anticancer drugs. In a search for novel mitotic inhibitors, we virtually screened for low molecular weight compounds that would possess similar steric and electrostatic features, but different chemical structure than rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a putative inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) pathways. Highest scoring hit compounds were tested in cell-based assays for their ability to induce mitotic arrest. We identified a novel acridinyl-acetohydrazide, here named as Centmitor-1 (Cent-1), that possesses highly similar molecular interaction field as rigosertib. In cells, Cent-1 phenocopied the cellular effects of rigosertib and caused mitotic arrest characterized by chromosome alignment defects, multipolar spindles, centrosome fragmentation, and activated spindle assembly checkpoint. We compared the effects of Cent-1 and rigosertib on microtubules and found that both compounds modulated microtubule plus-ends and reduced microtubule dynamics. Also, mitotic spindle forces were affected by the compounds as tension across sister kinetochores was reduced in mitotic cells. Our results showed that both Cent-1 and rigosertib target processes that occur during mitosis as they had immediate antimitotic effects when added to cells during mitosis. Analysis of Plk1 activity in cells using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay indicated that neither compound affected the activity of the kinase. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cent-1 and rigosertib elicit their antimitotic effects by targeting mitotic processes without impairment of Plk1 kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni H E Mäki-Jouppila
- Authors' Affiliations: VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Centre for Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku; Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seo JS, Kim HN, Kim SJ, Bang J, Kim EA, Sung KS, Yoon HJ, Yoo HY, Choi CY. Cell cycle-dependent SUMO-1 conjugation to nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Zheng Z, Wan Q, Meixiong G, Du Q. Cell cycle-regulated membrane binding of NuMA contributes to efficient anaphase chromosome separation. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:606-19. [PMID: 24371089 PMCID: PMC3937087 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic apparatus protein NuMA has an intrinsic membrane-targeting mechanism that is regulated by CDK1-mediated phosphorylation, underlies anaphase-specific cortical accumulation of dynein, and contributes to chromosome separation. Accurate and efficient separation of sister chromatids during anaphase is critical for faithful cell division. It has been proposed that cortical dynein–generated pulling forces on astral microtubules contribute to anaphase spindle elongation and chromosome separation. In mammalian cells, however, definitive evidence for the involvement of cortical dynein in chromosome separation is missing. It is believed that dynein is recruited and anchored at the cell cortex during mitosis by the α subunit of heterotrimeric G protein (Gα)/mammalian homologue of Drosophila Partner of Inscuteable/nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) ternary complex. Here we uncover a Gα/LGN-independent lipid- and membrane-binding domain at the C-terminus of NuMA. We show that the membrane binding of NuMA is cell cycle regulated—it is inhibited during prophase and metaphase by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)–mediated phosphorylation and only occurs after anaphase onset when CDK1 activity is down-regulated. Further studies indicate that cell cycle–regulated membrane association of NuMA underlies anaphase-specific enhancement of cortical NuMA and dynein. By replacing endogenous NuMA with membrane-binding-deficient NuMA, we can specifically reduce the cortical accumulation of NuMA and dynein during anaphase and demonstrate that cortical NuMA and dynein contribute to efficient chromosome separation in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912 Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912 Lakeside High School, Evans, GA 30809
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Accurate positioning of the mitotic spindle is critical to ensure proper distribution of chromosomes during cell division. The small GTPase Ran, which regulates a variety of processes throughout the cell cycle, including interphase nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic spindle assembly, was recently shown to also control spindle alignment. Ran is required for the correct cortical localization of LGN and nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), proteins that generate pulling forces on astral microtubules (MTs) through cytoplasmic dynein. Here we use importazole, a small-molecule inhibitor of RanGTP/importin-β function, to study the role of Ran in spindle positioning in human cells. We find that importazole treatment results in defects in astral MT dynamics, as well as in mislocalization of LGN and NuMA, leading to misoriented spindles. Of interest, importazole-induced spindle-centering defects can be rescued by nocodazole treatment, which depolymerizes astral MTs, or by overexpression of CLASP1, which does not restore proper LGN and NuMA localization but stabilizes astral MT interactions with the cortex. Together our data suggest a model for mitotic spindle positioning in which RanGTP and CLASP1 cooperate to align the spindle along the long axis of the dividing cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Bird
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Case CM, Sackett DL, Wangsa D, Karpova T, McNally JG, Ried T, Camps J. CKAP2 ensures chromosomal stability by maintaining the integrity of microtubule nucleation sites. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64575. [PMID: 23737987 PMCID: PMC3667829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrity of the microtubule spindle apparatus and intact cell division checkpoints are essential to ensure the fidelity of distributing chromosomes into daughter cells. Cytoskeleton-associated protein 2, CKAP2, is a microtubule-associated protein that localizes to spindle poles and aids in microtubule stabilization, but the exact function and mechanism of action are poorly understood. In the present study, we utilized RNA interference to determine the extent to which the expression of CKAP2 plays a role in chromosome segregation. CKAP2-depleted cells showed a significant increase of multipolar mitoses and other spindle pole defects. Notably, when interrogated for microtubule nucleation capacity, CKAP2-depleted cells showed a very unusual phenotype as early as two minutes after release from mitotic block, consisting of dispersal of newly polymerized microtubule filaments through the entire chromatin region, creating a cage-like structure. Nevertheless, spindle poles were formed after one hour of mitotic release suggesting that centrosome-mediated nucleation remained dominant. Finally, we showed that suppression of CKAP2 resulted in a higher incidence of merotelic attachments, anaphase lagging, and polyploidy. Based on these results, we conclude that CKAP2 is involved in the maintenance of microtubule nucleation sites, focusing microtubule minus ends to the spindle poles in early mitosis, and is implicated in maintaining genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanelle M. Case
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Biomedical Science, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- Section on Cell Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Karpova
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James G. McNally
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JC); (TR)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JC); (TR)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Itoh G, Sugino S, Ikeda M, Mizuguchi M, Kanno SI, Amin MA, Iemura K, Yasui A, Hirota T, Tanaka K. Nucleoporin Nup188 is required for chromosome alignment in mitosis. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:871-9. [PMID: 23551833 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells are aneuploid, which could be caused by defects in chromosome segregation machinery. Nucleoporins (Nup) are components of the nuclear pore complex, which is essential for nuclear transport during interphase, but several nucleoporins are also known to be involved in chromosome segregation. Here we report a novel function of Nup188, one of the nucleoporins regulating chromosome segregation. Nup188 localizes to spindle poles during mitosis, through the C-terminal region of Nup188. In Nup188-depleted mitotic cells, chromosomes fail to align to the metaphase plate, which causes mitotic arrest due to the spindle assembly checkpoint. Both the middle and the C-terminal regions were required for chromosome alignment. Robust K-fibers, microtubule bundles attaching to kinetochores, were hardly formed in Nup188-depleted cells. Significantly, we found that Nup188 interacts with NuMA, which plays an instrumental role in focusing microtubules at centrosomes, and NuMA localization to spindle poles is perturbed in Nup188-depleted cells. These data suggest that Nup188 promotes chromosome alignment through K-fiber formation and recruitment of NuMA to spindle poles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Interaction of NuMA protein with the kinesin Eg5: its possible role in bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Biochem J 2013; 451:195-204. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar spindle assembly in mitotic cells is a prerequisite to ensure correct alignment of chromosomes for their segregation to each daughter cell; spindle microtubules are tethered at plus ends to chromosomes and focused at minus ends to either of the two spindle poles. NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein) is present solely in the nucleus in interphase cells, but relocalizes during mitosis to the spindle poles to play a crucial role in spindle assembly via focusing spindle microtubules to each pole. In the present study we show that the kinesin-5 family motor Eg5 is a protein that directly interacts with NuMA, using a proteomics approach and various binding assays both in vivo and in vitro. During mitosis Eg5 appears to interact with NuMA in the vicinity of the spindle poles, whereas the interaction does not occur in interphase cells, where Eg5 is distributed throughout the cytoplasm but NuMA exclusively localizes to the nucleus. Slight, but significant, depletion of Eg5 in HeLa cells by RNA interference results in formation of less-focused spindle poles with misaligned chromosomes in metaphase; these phenotypes are similar to those induced by depletion of NuMA. Since NuMA is less accumulated at the spindle poles in Eg5-depleted cells, Eg5 probably contributes to spindle assembly via regulating NuMA localization. Furthermore, depletion of cytoplasmic dynein induces mislocalization of NuMA and phenotypes similar to those observed in NuMA-depleted cells, without affecting Eg5 localization to the spindles. Thus dynein appears to control NuMA function in conjunction with Eg5.
Collapse
|
26
|
Meunier S, Vernos I. Microtubule assembly during mitosis - from distinct origins to distinct functions? J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2805-14. [PMID: 22736044 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.092429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle is structurally and functionally defined by its main component, the microtubules (MTs). The MTs making up the spindle have various functions, organization and dynamics: astral MTs emanate from the centrosome and reach the cell cortex, and thus have a major role in spindle positioning; interpolar MTs are the main constituent of the spindle and are key for the establishment of spindle bipolarity, chromosome congression and central spindle assembly; and kinetochore-fibers are MT bundles that connect the kinetochores with the spindle poles and segregate the sister chromatids during anaphase. The duplicated centrosomes were long thought to be the origin of all of these MTs. However, in the last decade, a number of studies have contributed to the identification of non-centrosomal pathways that drive MT assembly in dividing cells. These pathways are now known to be essential for successful spindle assembly and to participate in various processes such as K-fiber formation and central spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we review the recent advances in the field and discuss how different MT assembly pathways might cooperate to successfully form the mitotic spindle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Meunier
- Microtubule Function and Cell Division group, Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmitt J, Fischer U, Heisel S, Strickfaden H, Backes C, Ruggieri A, Keller A, Chang P, Meese E. GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:868-80. [PMID: 22619067 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmitt
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Medical School, Homburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rab5 GTPase controls chromosome alignment through Lamin disassembly and relocation of the NuMA-like protein Mud to the poles during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17343-8. [PMID: 21987826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103720108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 is a conserved regulator of membrane trafficking; it regulates the formation of early endosomes, their transport along microtubules, and the fusion to the target organelles. Although several members of the endocytic pathway were recently implicated in spindle organization, it is unclear whether Rab5 has any role during mitosis. Here, we describe that Rab5 is required for proper chromosome alignment during Drosophila mitoses. We also found that Rab5 associated in vivo with nuclear Lamin and mushroom body defect (Mud), the Drosophila counterpart of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA). Consistent with this finding, Rab5 was required for the disassembly of the nuclear envelope at mitotic entry and the accumulation of Mud at the spindle poles. Furthermore, Mud depletion caused chromosome misalignment defects that resembled the defects of Rab5 RNAi cells, and double-knockdown experiments indicated that the two proteins function in a linear pathway. Our results indicate a role for Rab5 in mitosis and reinforce the emerging view of the contributions made by cell membrane dynamics to spindle function.
Collapse
|
29
|
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3), a newcomer in cellular response to DNA damage and mitotic progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2783-8. [PMID: 21270334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016574108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP ribosyl transferase [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] ARTD3(PARP3) is a newly characterized member of the ARTD(PARP) family that catalyzes the reaction of ADP ribosylation, a key posttranslational modification of proteins involved in different signaling pathways from DNA damage to energy metabolism and organismal memory. This enzyme shares high structural similarities with the DNA repair enzymes PARP1 and PARP2 and accordingly has been found to catalyse poly(ADP ribose) synthesis. However, relatively little is known about its in vivo cellular properties. By combining biochemical studies with the generation and characterization of loss-of-function human and mouse models, we describe PARP3 as a newcomer in genome integrity and mitotic progression. We report a particular role of PARP3 in cellular response to double-strand breaks, most likely in concert with PARP1. We identify PARP3 as a critical player in the stabilization of the mitotic spindle and in telomere integrity notably by associating and regulating the mitotic components NuMA and tankyrase 1. Both functions open stimulating prospects for specifically targeting PARP3 in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Archinti M, Lacasa C, Teixidó-Travesa N, Lüders J. SPICE--a previously uncharacterized protein required for centriole duplication and mitotic chromosome congression. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3039-46. [PMID: 20736305 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.069963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper assembly and function of a bipolar mitotic spindle is crucial for faithful bidirectional chromosome segregation during cell division. In animal cells, the two poles of the mitotic spindle are organized by centrosomes, microtubule-organizing structures composed of a pair of centrioles surrounded by the so-called pericentriolar material. Proteomic studies have revealed a large number of centrosome proteins, but many remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterize SPICE, a protein that localizes to spindle microtubules in mitosis and to centrioles throughout the cell cycle. RNAi-mediated depletion of SPICE in human cells impairs centriole duplication and causes severe mitotic defects. SPICE depletion compromises spindle architecture, spindle pole integrity and chromosome congression, even in cells in which centriole duplication has occurred. Our data suggest that SPICE is an important dual-function regulator required for centriole duplication and for proper bipolar spindle formation and chromosome congression in mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Archinti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Treviño MA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Correas I, Marcilla M, Albar JP, Rico M, Jiménez MA, Bruix M. NMR characterisation of the minimal interacting regions of centrosomal proteins 4.1R and NuMA1: effect of phosphorylation. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 11:7. [PMID: 20109190 PMCID: PMC2834593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Some functions of 4.1R in non-erythroid cells are directly related with its distinct sub-cellular localisation during cell cycle phases. During mitosis, 4.1R is implicated in cell cycle progression and spindle pole formation, and co-localizes with NuMA1. However, during interphase 4.1R is located in the nucleus and only partially co-localizes with NuMA1. Results We have characterized by NMR the structural features of the C-terminal domain of 4.1R and those of the minimal region (the last 64 residues) involved in the interaction with NuMA1. This subdomain behaves as an intrinsically unfolded protein containing a central region with helical tendency. The specific residues implicated in the interaction with NuMA1 have been mapped by NMR titrations and involve the N-terminal and central helical regions. The segment of NuMA1 that interacts with 4.1R is phosphorylated during mitosis. Interestingly, NMR data indicates that the phosphorylation of NuMA1 interacting peptide provokes a change in the interaction mechanism. In this case, the recognition occurs through the central helical region as well as through the C-terminal region of the subdomain meanwhile the N-terminal region do not interact. Conclusions These changes in the interaction derived from the phosphorylation state of NuMA1 suggest that phosphorylation can act as subtle mechanism of temporal and spatial regulation of the complex 4.1R-NuMA1 and therefore of the processes where both proteins play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Treviño
- Departamento de Espectroscopía y Estructura Molecular, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|